Obesity Reviews最新文献

Wang, J., Chang, Y. S., Wei, X., Cao, Y., and Winkley, K. (2024). The Effectiveness of Interventions on Changing Caregivers' Feeding Practices With Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity Reviews, 25(4), e13688, https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13688.

In the Abstract, the pooled effect of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pressure to eat was incorrectly reported as:

SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: −1.16, −0.06.

The correct value should be:

SMD = −0.61; 95% CI: −1.16 to −0.06.

In Section 3.6.1 (Restrictive feeding), the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the 6-month follow-up pooled SMD from RCTs was incorrectly reported as:

6 months follow-up (pooled SMD = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.52).

The correct value, as shown in Figure 3, should be:

6 months follow-up (pooled SMD = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.53).

We apologize for these errors.

This systematic review examined the etiologic association between physical activity (PA) and indicators of childhood overweight/obesity (OV/OB) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) risk. Original peer-reviewed English reports published between January 01, 2013, and June 30, 2024, were retrieved from MEDLINE and Scopus. A total of 106 prospective epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in Western countries among 2- to 19-year-olds with ≥12-month follow-up were eligible. Study quality was evaluated through risk of bias (RoB). Regarding OV/OB, epidemiological studies (n = 86, 57% high-RoB) revealed a protective effect of certain accelerometry-measured exposures: moderate-to-vigorous PA (n = 17/32), vigorous PA (n = 10/15), substituting lower-intensity with higher-intensity PA (n = 7/11), and longitudinally sustaining high PA (n = 3/3). Of the 16 RCTs (31% high-RoB), 10 were successful and most utilized long-term (≥ 1-year) multicomponent PA interventions incorporating behavior change techniques. Random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs revealed a beneficial effect of PA on body mass index (BMI) (n = 5: −0.42 [95% CI: −0.64, −0.21] kg/m²) and BMI z-score (n = 5: −0.09 [95% CI: −0.14, −0.04] SD) change; results were consistent in mixed-effects linear regression models accounting for repeated measurements. PA had no impact on MUO indicators, albeit studies were scarce (n = 4). Promoting PA is a promising strategy against childhood OV/OB. Future research should focus on elucidating its role in MUO prevention.

Sarcopenic obesity, characterized by the concurrent presence of excess adiposity and diminished skeletal muscle mass and function, is closely linked to frailty, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. The increasing prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is driven by the global aging population, widespread adoption of sedentary lifestyles, and the ongoing obesity epidemic. Existing research describes a role for dysregulated crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue in driving sarcopenic obesity pathology, with recent evidence implying that extracellular vesicles (EVs, nano- to micro-scale, lipid bilayer membrane-delimited particles) have a significant role in facilitating intercellular communication to mediate critical tissue crosstalk. Given the significance of dysregulated tissue crosstalk in sarcopenic obesity pathology and the dysregulation of metabolism, the potential involvement of EVs has garnered considerable attention because of their scope as pharmacological targets and drug delivery vehicles, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic approaches. This review begins with an exploration of EV biology and the challenges associated with the standardization and execution of EV research. It then examines the impact of sarcopenic obesity risk factors on circulating and adipose-derived EV profiles. Current understanding of the role of specific EV cargo, including microRNAs, proteins, and lipids, in mediating crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is critically evaluated. Finally, the potential of EV-based therapeutics for treating sarcopenic obesity is discussed, along with recommendations for future research directions.

Dietary fat taste, a distinct gustatory modality that greatly influences food choice and energy intake, is primarily mediated by the lingual receptors CD36 and GPR120. Recent studies show that both short-term and long-term physical activity can modulate sensitivity to long-chain fatty acids, which can lead to changes in dietary patterns and preferences for high-fat foods. This review specifically examines the effects of exercise on the perception of fat taste by integrating findings from human and animal studies that examine alterations in detection thresholds, suprathreshold intensity ratings, and hedonic responses to fatty stimuli. We explore mechanistic pathways by which exercise influences fat taste, such as changes in hormones that regulate appetite, systemic anti-inflammatory processes that may enhance or attenuate CD36/GPR120 signaling in taste bud cells, and neural adaptations within gustatory cortices. The implications of exercise-induced alterations in fat-taste acuity for appetite regulation, dietary behavior, and long-term metabolic health are discussed, with particular attention to how increased sensitivity may promote reduced consumption of energy-dense foods. Finally, we highlight significant gaps in human translational research regarding the magnitude and persistence of exercise-induced fat-taste plasticity and propose targeted future studies to employ fat-taste modulation as a cutting-edge strategy for obesity prevention and public health nutrition interventions.