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Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on obesogenic eating behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 正念干预对肥胖饮食行为的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13860
Tsui-Sui Annie Kao, Jiying Ling, Mohammed Alanazi, Ahmed Atwa, Stephanie Liu

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of mindful-based interventions (MBIs) on changes in obesogenic eating behaviors. Seven databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Sociological Abstracts) were searched. Random-effects models were performed to estimate the pooled effects, and mixed-effects models were used to explore potential moderators of MBIs on eating behavioral changes. The significant effects on mindless eating habits included controlled eating (Hedge's g = 0.23, p = 0.005), external eating (g = -0.62, p = 0.001), fullness awareness (g = 0.64, p < 0.001), hunger eating (g = -0.69, p = 0.032), energy intake (g = -0.60, p = 0.003), sweet intake (g = -0.39, p < 0.001), and impulsive food choice (g = -0.43, p = 0.002). However, small and insignificant effects were noted for stress-related eating habits like emotional eating (g = -0.27; p = 0.070) and binge eating (g = -0.35, p = 0.136). The long-term effects were significantly sustained on hunger eating (g = -0.50, p = 0.007) but insignificant on emotional eating (g = -0.22, p = 0.809). MBIs delivered in clinical settings were more effective for decreasing emotional eating compared with those in school settings. Our findings support the effectiveness of MBIs. The pooled effects on improving mindless eating habits were stronger than the modification of stress-related eating habits.

本系统综述和荟萃分析研究了正念干预(MBI)对改变肥胖饮食行为的影响。研究人员检索了七个数据库(CINAHL、PubMed、PsycINFO、Cochrane、Web of Science Core Collection、Embase、Sociological Abstracts)。随机效应模型用于估算汇总效应,混合效应模型用于探索 MBIs 对饮食行为改变的潜在调节因素。对无意识进食习惯有显着影响的因素包括控制进食(Hedge's g = 0.23,p = 0.005)、外食(g = -0.62,p = 0.001)、饱腹感(g = 0.64,p = 0.001)、饮食习惯(g = 0.23,p = 0.005)和饮食行为(g = 0.62,p = 0.001)。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and enablers to effective weight management for people living with overweight and obesity: A rapid scoping review. 对超重和肥胖症患者进行有效体重管理的障碍和促进因素:快速范围审查。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13858
Alemayehu Mekonnen, Vidanka Vasilevski, Anna Chapman, Shaan Naughton, Eva Yuen, Jane Willcox, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott, Jaithri Ananthapavan, Fisaha Tesfay, Linda Sweet, Anna Peeters

A scoping review was conducted to identify barriers and enablers to effective weight management in healthcare settings for people living with overweight and obesity in English-speaking high-income countries. Peer-reviewed and gray literature were systematically searched in June 2024. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Of the 15,684 unique articles identified and screened for relevance, 216 studies were included. Healthcare-related barriers and enablers to weight management were organized under three themes: a) healthcare provider-related factors, b) provision of care, and c) policy/funding. Prominent barriers included healthcare provider knowledge deficits and low prioritization of obesity management, mainly in the primary care setting. Weight management beyond the primary care setting was found to be especially challenging, with poor referral pathways, service fragmentation, lack of multidisciplinary practice, and restricted eligibility criteria, hindering the accessibility of services. Developing consistent policies and guidelines, improving the education of healthcare providers, and increasing funding to provide low-cost comprehensive care, were identified as enablers to access and uptake of weight management services. Considerable overlap in the identified barriers existed across healthcare providers and settings. A whole health system approach to minimize barriers and strengthen enablers to weight management services is needed, to address rising obesity rates.

我们进行了一项范围界定综述,以确定在英语高收入国家的医疗机构中对超重和肥胖患者进行有效体重管理的障碍和促进因素。在 2024 年 6 月对同行评审文献和灰色文献进行了系统检索。采用归纳式主题分析法对数据进行分析。在已识别并筛选出的 15,684 篇文章中,有 216 项研究被纳入其中。与医疗保健相关的体重管理障碍和促进因素分为三个主题:a) 与医疗保健提供者相关的因素;b) 提供护理;c) 政策/资金。主要障碍包括医疗服务提供者的知识不足以及肥胖管理的优先级较低,这主要发生在初级医疗机构。研究发现,基层医疗机构以外的体重管理尤其具有挑战性,转诊途径不畅、服务分散、缺乏多学科实践以及资格标准限制等因素阻碍了服务的可及性。制定统一的政策和指南、加强对医疗服务提供者的教育、增加资金投入以提供低成本的综合护理,这些都被认为是促进体重管理服务的获取和利用的因素。在不同的医疗服务提供者和环境中,所发现的障碍存在相当大的重叠。为解决肥胖率不断上升的问题,有必要采取整体医疗系统方法,最大限度地减少体重管理服务的障碍并加强其促进因素。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular mechanisms of the obesity associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: An update. 与巴尔德-比德尔综合征相关的肥胖症的分子机制:最新进展。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13859
Bang-Hua Zhong, Ning Nie, Ming Dong

Obesity is a prominent feature of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), which represents a major and growing public health problem. More than half of BBS patients carry mutations in one of eight genes that encode subunits of a protein complex known as the BBSome, which has emerged as a key regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying obesity in BBS are complex. Numerous studies have identified a high prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among individuals with BBS. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This review summarized evidence from experiments using mouse and cell models, focusing on the energy imbalance that leads to obesity in patients with BBS. The studies discussed in this review contribute to understanding the functional role of the BBSome in the obesity associated with BBS, laying the foundation for developing new preventive or therapeutic strategies for obese patients.

肥胖是巴尔德-比德尔综合征(BBS)的一个显著特征,它是一个日益严重的重大公共健康问题。半数以上的 BBS 患者携带 8 个基因中的一个基因突变,这些基因编码一种被称为 BBSome 的蛋白质复合体的亚基,而 BBSome 已成为能量和葡萄糖平衡的关键调节因子。然而,BBS 导致肥胖的机制非常复杂。大量研究发现,BBS 患者中胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征的发病率很高。然而,确切的机制还不完全清楚。本综述总结了使用小鼠和细胞模型进行实验的证据,重点关注导致 BBS 患者肥胖的能量失衡。本综述中讨论的研究有助于了解 BBSome 在与 BBS 相关的肥胖症中的功能作用,从而为肥胖症患者制定新的预防或治疗策略奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding barriers and facilitators to lifestyle management in people with polycystic ovary syndrome: A mixed method systematic review. 了解多囊卵巢综合征患者生活方式管理的障碍和促进因素:混合方法系统综述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13854
Margaret McGowan, Rhonda Garad, Girija Wadhwani, Sophia Torkel, Vibhuti Rao, Alison Maunder, Elaine K Osei-Safo, Lisa J Moran, Stephanie Cowan

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 10-13% of reproductive-aged women. Lifestyle management through diet and physical activity changes can improve reproductive, metabolic, and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review is to understand the barriers and facilitators to lifestyle changes from the perspective of people with PCOS and health care professionals (HCP) using the theoretical domains framework and capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model. Six databases were systematically searched for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies to 22nd September 2022. Quantitative outcomes from quantitative and mixed-methods studies were narratively synthesized and all studies were thematically analyzed. Sixty-eight papers met the eligibility criteria. HCP education on lifestyle management in PCOS was viewed by all to be inadequate, impacting the quality of care and health outcomes. Lifestyle advice delivered by a multidisciplinary team, including dietitians, was identified as a key component for change. All agreed that there was a need for individualized and PCOS-specific lifestyle advice. Weight stigma was identified as negatively impacting both those in larger and smaller bodies with PCOS, reducing the quality of care and affecting self-perception and mental health. People with PCOS perceived that lifestyle management was overly focused on weight loss and fertility, independent of their own personal motivations and goals. Systemic changes, including increasing HCP education on lifestyle management and multidisciplinary collaboration, focusing on lifestyle advice that meets individual needs, and reducing the use of weight-centric care are necessary for long-term sustainable changes and improvements in health outcomes in people with PCOS.

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种内分泌失调症,影响着 10-13% 的育龄妇女。通过改变饮食和体育锻炼进行生活方式管理可改善生殖、代谢和心理并发症。本系统性综述旨在从多囊卵巢综合症患者和医疗保健专业人员(HCP)的角度,利用理论领域框架和能力、机会、动机和行为模型,了解改变生活方式的障碍和促进因素。截至 2022 年 9 月 22 日,我们在六个数据库中系统地搜索了定性、定量和混合方法的研究。对定量和混合方法研究的定量结果进行了叙述性综合,并对所有研究进行了主题分析。68篇论文符合资格标准。所有研究均认为,对多囊卵巢综合症患者进行生活方式管理方面的医护人员教育不够充分,影响了护理质量和健康结果。包括营养师在内的多学科团队提供的生活方式建议被认为是改变的关键因素。所有人都认为有必要提供个性化的、针对多囊卵巢综合症的生活方式建议。体重羞辱被认为对体型较大和较小的多囊卵巢综合症患者都有负面影响,降低了护理质量,影响了自我认知和心理健康。多囊卵巢综合症患者认为,生活方式管理过于关注减肥和生育,与他们的个人动机和目标无关。为了实现长期可持续的改变并改善多囊卵巢综合症患者的健康状况,有必要进行系统性改革,包括加强保健医生在生活方式管理方面的教育和多学科合作,注重提供符合个人需求的生活方式建议,以及减少使用以体重为中心的护理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism: Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic intervention in metabolic diseases. 支链氨基酸代谢:代谢性疾病的病理生理机制和治疗干预。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13856
Shama Mansoori, Melody Yuen-Man Ho, Kelvin Kwun-Wang Ng, Kenneth King-Yip Cheng

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential for maintaining physiological functions and metabolic homeostasis. However, chronic elevation of BCAAs causes metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver are the three major metabolic tissues not only responsible for controlling glucose, lipid, and energy balance but also for maintaining BCAA homeostasis. Under obese and diabetic conditions, different pathogenic factors like pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipotoxicity, and reduction of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) disrupt BCAA metabolism, leading to excessive accumulation of BCAAs and their downstream metabolites in metabolic tissues and circulation. Mechanistically, BCAAs and/or their downstream metabolites, such as branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs) and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), impair insulin signaling, inhibit adipogenesis, induce inflammatory responses, and cause lipotoxicity in the metabolic tissues, resulting in multiple metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on the metabolic regulation of BCAA homeostasis by the three major metabolic tissues-adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver-and how dysregulated BCAA metabolism affects glucose, lipid, and energy balance in these active metabolic tissues. We also summarize therapeutic approaches to restore normal BCAA metabolism as a treatment for metabolic diseases.

支链氨基酸(BCAAs),包括亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸,是维持生理功能和代谢平衡所必需的物质。然而,支链氨基酸的长期升高会导致代谢性疾病,如肥胖、2 型糖尿病(T2D)和代谢相关性脂肪肝(MAFLD)。脂肪组织、骨骼肌和肝脏是三大代谢组织,不仅负责控制血糖、血脂和能量平衡,还负责维持 BCAA 的平衡。在肥胖和糖尿病条件下,不同的致病因素,如促炎细胞因子、脂肪毒性、脂肪连素和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARγ)的减少,会破坏 BCAA 的代谢,导致 BCAA 及其下游代谢产物在代谢组织和血液循环中过度积累。从机理上讲,BCAAs 和/或其下游代谢产物,如支链酮酸(BCKAs)和 3-羟基异丁酸(3-HIB),会损害胰岛素信号传导,抑制脂肪生成,诱发炎症反应,并在代谢组织中引起脂肪毒性,从而导致多种代谢紊乱。在这篇综述中,我们总结了有关三大代谢组织--脂肪组织、骨骼肌和肝脏--对 BCAA 平衡的代谢调节的最新研究,以及 BCAA 代谢失调如何影响这些活跃代谢组织中的葡萄糖、脂质和能量平衡。我们还总结了恢复正常 BCAA 代谢的治疗方法,以治疗代谢性疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Sharing the motherload: A review and development of the CO-Parent conceptual model for early childhood obesity prevention. 分担母亲的负担:儿童早期肥胖预防的 CO-Parent 概念模型回顾与发展。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13853
Konsita Kuswara, Vanessa A Shrewsbury, Jacqui A Macdonald, Alexandra Chung, Briony Hill

Fathers remain under-represented in early childhood obesity prevention research and interventions, despite growing evidence that paternal biopsychosocial factors and behaviors from pre- and post-conception can influence lifelong offspring health. Informed by a literature review of high-quality evidence, "CO-Parent" (childhood obesity-Parent) is a new conceptual model underpinned by couple interdependence theory and a socioecological framework. Literature was searched for the concepts parental AND weight-related behaviors AND child weight or weight-related behaviors, in databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Global Health, Scopus, and SocINDEX. Prior evidence syntheses were prioritized as source data to inform model development. "CO-Parent" illustrates the interdependent and independent effects of maternal and paternal weight, weight-related behaviors, and well-being, across preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, and the early years on child weight-related behaviors and weight up to age five. The influences of public policy, social, environmental, economic, community, and other complex modifiable mediating factors are included in the model. The "CO-Parent" conceptual model paves the way for a paradigm shift by recognizing fathers as key figures in early childhood obesity prevention initiatives, encouraging them to "share the motherload." It highlights both the independent and interdependent roles fathers play in the epidemiology of obesity starting from preconception. CO-Parent also provides the foundations necessary to guide future theory and research to be more inclusive of fathers to further understanding of the independent and interdependent influences of parents in early childhood obesity prevention.

尽管越来越多的证据表明,父亲在孕前和孕后的生物心理社会因素和行为会影响后代的终生健康,但父亲在儿童早期肥胖预防研究和干预措施中的代表性仍然不足。根据对高质量证据的文献综述,"CO-父母"(儿童肥胖-父母)是一个新的概念模型,以夫妻相互依存理论和社会生态框架为基础。我们在 MEDLINE、PsycINFO、Global Health、Scopus 和 SocINDEX 等数据库中搜索了有关父母、体重相关行为、儿童体重或体重相关行为等概念的文献。之前的证据综述被优先作为源数据,为模型开发提供信息。"CO-Parent "说明了母亲和父亲的体重、体重相关行为和幸福感在孕前、孕期、产后和幼儿期对儿童体重相关行为和五岁前体重的相互依存和独立影响。该模型还包括公共政策、社会、环境、经济、社区和其他复杂的可调节中介因素的影响。父母共同责任 "概念模型承认父亲是儿童早期肥胖预防计划的关键人物,鼓励他们 "分担母亲的责任",从而为范式转变铺平了道路。它强调了父亲从孕前开始在肥胖流行病学中扮演的独立和相互依存的角色。父母共同承担》还为指导未来的理论和研究提供了必要的基础,使其更加包容父亲,从而进一步了解父母在儿童早期肥胖预防中的独立和相互依存的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Core set of patient-reported outcome measures to measure quality of life in obesity treatment research. 在肥胖症治疗研究中,用于衡量生活质量的一套患者报告结果核心指标。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13849
Phillip J Dijkhorst, Claire E E de Vries, Caroline B Terwee, Ignace M C Janssen, Ronald S L Liem, Bart A van Wagensveld, Johan Ottosson, Bruno Halpern, Stuart W Flint, Elisabeth F C van Rossum, Alend Saadi, Lisa West-Smith, Mary O'Kane, Jason C G Halford, Karen D Coulman, Salman Al-Sabah, John B Dixon, Wendy A Brown, Ximena Ramos Salas, Maarten M Hoogbergen, Sally Abbott, Alyssa J Budin, Jennifer F Holland, Lotte Poulsen, Richard Welbourn, Bernardo Rea Ruanova, John M Morton, Francois Pattou, Erman O Akpinar, Stephanie Sogg, Jacques M Himpens, Vanessa Osborne, Natasja Wijling, Laura Divine, Nadya Isack, Susie Birney, J M Bernadette Keenan, Joe Nadglowski, Jacqueline Bowman, Ken Clare, Riccardo Meloni, Sandra de Blaeij, Theodore K Kyle, Melanie Bahlke, Andrew Healing, Ian Patton, Valerie M Monpellier

The lack of standardization in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has made measurement and comparison of quality of life (QoL) outcomes in research focused on obesity treatment challenging. This study reports on the results of the second and third global multidisciplinary Standardizing Quality of life measures in Obesity Treatment (S.Q.O.T.) consensus meetings, where a core set of PROMs to measure nine previously selected patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in obesity treatment research was established. The S.Q.O.T. II online and S.Q.O.T. III face-to-face hybrid consensus meetings were held in October 2021 and May 2022. The meetings were led by an independent moderator specializing in PRO measurement. Nominal group techniques, Delphi exercises, and anonymous voting were used to select the most suitable PROMs by consensus. The meetings were attended by 28 and 27 participants, respectively, including a geographically diverse selection of people living with obesity (PLWO) and experts from various disciplines. Out of 24 PROs and 16 PROMs identified in the first S.Q.O.T. consensus meeting, the following nine PROs and three PROMs were selected via consensus: BODY-Q (physical function, physical symptoms, psychological function, social function, eating behavior, and body image), IWQOL-Lite (self-esteem), and QOLOS (excess skin). No PROM was selected to measure stigma as existing PROMs deemed to be inadequate. A core set of PROMs to measure QoL in research focused on obesity treatment has been selected incorporating patients' and experts' opinions. This core set should serve as a minimum to use in obesity research studies and can be combined with clinical parameters.

由于患者报告结果测量方法(PROMs)缺乏标准化,因此在肥胖症治疗研究中对生活质量(QoL)结果的测量和比较具有挑战性。本研究报告了第二届和第三届全球多学科肥胖症治疗生活质量测量标准化(S.Q.O.T.)共识会议的结果,会议确定了一套核心 PROMs,用于测量肥胖症治疗研究中先前选定的九种患者报告结果 (PROs)。S.Q.O.T. II 在线共识会议和 S.Q.O.T. III 面对面混合共识会议分别于 2021 年 10 月和 2022 年 5 月举行。会议由一位专门从事PRO测量的独立主持人主持。会议采用了名义小组技术、德尔菲练习和匿名投票等方法,以协商一致的方式选出最合适的 PROM。分别有 28 人和 27 人参加了会议,其中包括来自不同地区的肥胖症患者(PLWO)和不同学科的专家。在第一次 S.Q.O.T. 共识会议确定的 24 个 PRO 和 16 个 PROM 中,通过共识选出了以下 9 个 PRO 和 3 个 PROM:BODY-Q(身体功能、身体症状、心理功能、社会功能、饮食行为和身体形象)、IWQOL-Lite(自尊)和 QOLOS(皮肤过敏)。由于现有的 PROM 不足,因此没有选择 PROM 来测量耻辱感。结合患者和专家的意见,我们选择了一套核心 PROM 来测量肥胖治疗研究中的 QoL。这套核心指标应作为肥胖症研究中使用的最低标准,并可与临床参数相结合。
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引用次数: 0
The prognostic role of food addiction for weight loss treatment outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 食物成瘾对超重和肥胖症患者减肥治疗结果的预后作用:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13851
Georg Halbeisen, Marie Pahlenkemper, Luisa Sabel, Candice Richardson, Zaida Agüera, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Georgios Paslakis

Food addiction (FA) could be a potential prognostic factor of weight loss intervention outcomes. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to (1) estimate this prognostic effect of FA diagnosis and symptom count in individuals with overweight or obesity and (2) explore potential sources of heterogeneity based on properties of the weight loss intervention, study, and sample (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity). We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for studies reporting on associations between pre-intervention FA (assessed with the Yale Food Addiction Scale) and weight outcomes after weight loss intervention in individuals with overweight or obesity without a medically diagnosed eating disorder. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria, including 4904 individuals (71% women, Mage = 41 years, BMI = 40.82 kg/m2), k = 18 correlations of weight loss with FA symptom count, and k = 21 mean differences between FA diagnosis groups. Pooled estimates of random-effects meta-analyses found limited support for a detrimental effect of FA symptom count and diagnosis on weight loss intervention outcomes. Negative associations with FA increased for behavioral weight loss interventions and among more ethnically diverse samples. More research on the interaction of FA with pre-existing mental health problems and environmental factors is needed.

食物成瘾(FA)可能是减肥干预结果的潜在预后因素。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在:(1)估算超重或肥胖患者的食物成瘾诊断和症状计数对预后的影响;(2)根据减肥干预、研究和样本(如年龄、性别、种族)的特性,探索异质性的潜在来源。我们在 PubMed、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science 上检索了有关干预前 FA(用耶鲁食物成瘾量表评估)与减肥干预后体重结果之间关系的研究报告,研究对象为超重或肥胖且无医学诊断饮食失调的患者。25 项研究符合纳入标准,包括 4904 人(71% 为女性,年龄 = 41 岁,体重指数 = 40.82 kg/m2),体重减轻与 FA 症状计数的相关性 k = 18,FA 诊断组间的平均差异 k = 21。随机效应荟萃分析的汇总估计值发现,FA 症状数和诊断对减肥干预结果的不利影响得到了有限的支持。在行为减肥干预和种族更多样化的样本中,与 FA 的负相关增加。需要对 FA 与原有心理健康问题和环境因素的相互作用进行更多研究。
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引用次数: 0
Causality of visceral adipose tissue on chronic kidney disease and renal function measure indicators, and mediation role of hypertension: Mendelian randomization study. 内脏脂肪组织对慢性肾脏病和肾功能测量指标的因果关系及高血压的中介作用:孟德尔随机研究
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13845
Teng-Yu Gao, Jun-Chi Wang, Qi-Jian Zhao, Xiang-Ning Zhou, Yu-Ting Jiang, Lian Ren, Chao Zhang

Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with obesity, few studies have used visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as an indicator to investigate its causal effect on CKD. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to study the causal effects of VAT on CKD and its potential mediation by hypertension. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics on VAT exposure were obtained from the UK Biobank, while GWAS datasets of CKD outcomes were obtained from CKDGen and FinnGen (validation study). Furthermore, VAT was considered the exposure, with the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine (eGFR (crea)), estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (eGFR(cys)), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) employed to assess the causal effect of VAT on kidney test indicators. Lastly, a two-step MR method was used to study the mediating role of hypertension in the pathogenesis of VAT among patients with CKD. VAT exhibited a positive causal association with CKD, irrespective of whether the GWAS datasets from CKDGen (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.29, P = 1.433140e-04) or FinnGen (1.47, 1.30 to 1.67, p = 2.500000e-09). VAT was not causally associated with eGFR (crea) (1.00, 0.99 to 1.00, p = 0.53), was negatively associated with eGFR (cys) (0.95, 0.93 to 0.97, P = 5.070000e-10), and was positively associated with BUN (1.02,1.01 to 1.02, P = 7.824860e-04). The mediating effect of VAT on CKD via hypertension was 45.8% (95% CI: 26.4 65.1). VAT has a positive causal effect on CKD, with hypertension playing a significant role. However, the effects of VAT on renal function indicators require further investigation.

虽然慢性肾脏病(CKD)与肥胖有关,但很少有研究使用内脏脂肪组织(VAT)作为指标来研究其对慢性肾脏病的因果效应。因此,研究人员采用孟德尔随机法(MR)研究了内脏脂肪组织对 CKD 的因果效应及其与高血压的潜在中介作用。有关增值税暴露的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)统计数据来自英国生物库,而有关 CKD 结果的 GWAS 数据集来自 CKDGen 和 FinnGen(验证研究)。此外,将增值税视为暴露,并采用基于肌酐的估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR (crea))、基于胱抑素 C 的估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR(cys))和血尿素氮(BUN)来评估增值税对肾脏检测指标的因果效应。最后,采用两步磁共振法研究了高血压在 CKD 患者 VAT 发病机制中的中介作用。无论 GWAS 数据集是来自 CKDGen(几率比 [OR] = 1.18,95% CI:1.08 至 1.29,P = 1.433140e-04)还是 FinnGen(1.47,1.30 至 1.67,P = 2.500000e-09),VAT 都与 CKD 呈正因果关系。VAT 与 eGFR(crea)(1.00,0.99 至 1.00,P = 0.53)无因果关系,与 eGFR(cys)呈负相关(0.95,0.93 至 0.97,P = 5.070000e-10),与 BUN 呈正相关(1.02,1.01 至 1.02,P = 7.824860e-04)。VAT 通过高血压对 CKD 的中介效应为 45.8%(95% CI:26.4 65.1)。VAT 对 CKD 具有积极的因果效应,高血压在其中发挥了重要作用。然而,增值税对肾功能指标的影响还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Weight/height2: Mathematical overview of the world's most widely used adiposity index. 体重/身高2:世界上最广泛使用的脂肪指数的数学概述。
IF 8 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13842
Steven B Heymsfield, John D Sorkin, Diana M Thomas, Shengping Yang, Moonseong Heo, Cassidy McCarthy, Jasmine Brown, Angelo Pietrobelli

A footnote in Adolphe Quetelet's classic 1835 Treatise on Man described his algebraic analysis of how body weight ( W $$ W $$ ) varies with height ( H $$ H $$ ) in adult males and females. Using data on 12 short and 12 tall subjects of each sex, Quetelet established the rule that W $$ W $$ is approximately proportional ( $$ propto $$ ) to H2 in adults; that is, W H 2 $$ Wpropto {H}^2 $$ when W α H 2 $$ Wapprox alpha {H}^2 $$ for some constant α $$ alpha $$ . Quetelet's Rule ( W H 2 $$ Wpropto {H}^2 $$ ), transformed and renamed in the twentieth century to body mass index ( BMI = W / H 2 $$ mathrm{BMI}=W/{H}^2 $$ ), is now a globally applied phenotypic descriptor of adiposity at the individual and population level. The journey from footnote to ubiquitous adiposity measure traveled through hundreds of scientific reports and many more lay publications. The recent introduction of highly effective pharmacologic weight loss treatments has heightened scrutiny of BMI's origins and appropriateness as a gateway marker for diagnosing and monitoring people with obesity. This contemporary context prompted the current report that delves into the biological and mathematical paradigms that underlie the simple index BMI = W / H 2 $$ mathrm{BMI}=W/{H}^2 $$ . Students and practitioners can improve or gain new insights into their understanding of BMI's historical origins and quantitative underpinning from the provided overview, facilitating informed use of BMI and related indices in research and clinical settings.

阿道夫-奎特莱(Adolphe Quetelet)在 1835 年的经典著作《人论》中的一个脚注描述了他对成年男性和女性体重(W $$ W $$)随身高(H $$ H $$)变化的代数分析。奎特莱利用男女各12名矮个子和12名高个子受试者的数据,建立了成人W $$ W $$与H2近似成正比(∝ $$ propto $$)的规则;也就是说,当W ≈ α H 2 $$ Wapprox alpha {H}^2$为某个常数α $$ alpha $$时,W ∝ H 2 $$ Wpropto {H}^2$。Quetelet's Rule ( W ∝ H 2 $$ Wpropto {H}^2 $$),在二十世纪被转换并更名为身体质量指数(BMI = W / H 2 $$ mathrm{BMI}=W/{H}^2$$),现在已成为全球应用的个体和人群脂肪含量的表型描述符。从脚注到无处不在的脂肪测量方法,其间经历了数百份科学报告和更多的非专业出版物。最近推出的高效药物减肥疗法,使人们更加关注 BMI 作为诊断和监测肥胖症患者的入口标志的起源和适宜性。在这一时代背景下,本报告深入探讨了简单指数 BMI = W / H 2 $$ mathrm{BMI}=W/{H}^2 $$ 的生物学和数学范式。学生和从业人员可以从所提供的概述中提高对 BMI 的历史渊源和定量基础的理解或获得新的见解,从而有助于在研究和临床环境中明智地使用 BMI 和相关指数。
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引用次数: 0
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Obesity Reviews
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