Jang Won Son, Byoung-Duck Han, Jonathan P Bennett, Steve Heymsfield, Soo Lim
Obesity, which is characterized by excessive body fat, increases the risk of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass, is also associated with many chronic disorders and is therefore a major concern in aging populations. Body composition analysis is important in the evaluation of obesity and sarcopenia because it provides information about the distribution of body fat and muscle mass. It is also useful for monitoring nutritional status, disease severity, and the effectiveness of interventions, such as exercise, diet, and drugs, and thus helps assess overall health and longevity. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry are commonly used for this purpose. However, they have limitations, such as high cost, long measurement time, and radiation exposure. Instead, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which was introduced several decades ago and has undergone significant technological advancements, can be used. It is easily accessible, affordable, and importantly, poses no radiation risk, making it suitable for use in hospitals, fitness centers, and even at home. Herein, we review the recent technological developments and clinical applications of BIA to provide an updated understanding of BIA technology and its strengths and limitations.
肥胖症的特点是身体脂肪过多，会增加罹患慢性疾病的风险，如 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病和某些癌症。肌肉减少症（肌肉质量下降）也与许多慢性疾病有关，因此是老龄人口的一个主要问题。身体成分分析对评估肥胖症和肌肉疏松症非常重要，因为它能提供有关身体脂肪和肌肉质量分布的信息。它还有助于监测营养状况、疾病严重程度以及运动、饮食和药物等干预措施的效果，从而帮助评估整体健康和寿命。计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和双能 X 射线吸收测量法通常用于此目的。然而，这些方法存在成本高、测量时间长、辐射大等局限性。取而代之的是生物电阻抗分析法（BIA），该方法早在几十年前就已问世，并取得了重大技术进步。生物电阻抗分析法易于使用，价格低廉，更重要的是没有辐射风险，因此适合在医院、健身中心甚至家中使用。在此，我们回顾了 BIA 的最新技术发展和临床应用，以提供对 BIA 技术及其优势和局限性的最新了解。
{"title":"Development and clinical application of bioelectrical impedance analysis method for body composition assessment.","authors":"Jang Won Son, Byoung-Duck Han, Jonathan P Bennett, Steve Heymsfield, Soo Lim","doi":"10.1111/obr.13844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, which is characterized by excessive body fat, increases the risk of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass, is also associated with many chronic disorders and is therefore a major concern in aging populations. Body composition analysis is important in the evaluation of obesity and sarcopenia because it provides information about the distribution of body fat and muscle mass. It is also useful for monitoring nutritional status, disease severity, and the effectiveness of interventions, such as exercise, diet, and drugs, and thus helps assess overall health and longevity. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry are commonly used for this purpose. However, they have limitations, such as high cost, long measurement time, and radiation exposure. Instead, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which was introduced several decades ago and has undergone significant technological advancements, can be used. It is easily accessible, affordable, and importantly, poses no radiation risk, making it suitable for use in hospitals, fitness centers, and even at home. Herein, we review the recent technological developments and clinical applications of BIA to provide an updated understanding of BIA technology and its strengths and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally Badorrek,Janet Franklin,Kate A McBride,Laura Conway,Kathryn Williams
Primary care is central to ongoing health care following bariatric surgery and patients indicate a preference for receiving follow-up support by their primary care practitioner (PCP). This meta-synthesis investigates the perspectives of both PCPs and patients in post-bariatric surgery care provided by PCPs. The aim was to synthesize themes from qualitative research to recommend improvements in post-bariatric surgery clinical care in primary care settings. Systematic searches of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar resulted in the inclusion of eight papers in the meta-synthesis. Papers were critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and thematically coded in Quirkos Cloud. Seven themes were reached by author consensus including stigma and judgment; clinician barriers and facilitators; patient-related support needs; communication considerations; patient context or determinants; health care setting; and adapting to life after surgery. PCPs reported barriers including poor communication and guidance from bariatric surgery centers, limited knowledge and training in bariatric patient care, and patients who may have unrealistic outcomes and poor health literacy. Patients seek comprehensive care from their PCP, however, barriers hindering the provision of this care include adverse surgical outcomes, a poor relationship with their PCP, and limited and short-term follow-up care from the PCP. Insights from this meta-synthesis offer actionable recommendations for PCPs and bariatric surgery centers to enhance patient care immediately.
{"title":"Primary care practitioner and patient perspectives on care following bariatric surgery: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research.","authors":"Sally Badorrek,Janet Franklin,Kate A McBride,Laura Conway,Kathryn Williams","doi":"10.1111/obr.13829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13829","url":null,"abstract":"Primary care is central to ongoing health care following bariatric surgery and patients indicate a preference for receiving follow-up support by their primary care practitioner (PCP). This meta-synthesis investigates the perspectives of both PCPs and patients in post-bariatric surgery care provided by PCPs. The aim was to synthesize themes from qualitative research to recommend improvements in post-bariatric surgery clinical care in primary care settings. Systematic searches of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar resulted in the inclusion of eight papers in the meta-synthesis. Papers were critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and thematically coded in Quirkos Cloud. Seven themes were reached by author consensus including stigma and judgment; clinician barriers and facilitators; patient-related support needs; communication considerations; patient context or determinants; health care setting; and adapting to life after surgery. PCPs reported barriers including poor communication and guidance from bariatric surgery centers, limited knowledge and training in bariatric patient care, and patients who may have unrealistic outcomes and poor health literacy. Patients seek comprehensive care from their PCP, however, barriers hindering the provision of this care include adverse surgical outcomes, a poor relationship with their PCP, and limited and short-term follow-up care from the PCP. Insights from this meta-synthesis offer actionable recommendations for PCPs and bariatric surgery centers to enhance patient care immediately.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Eustachio Colombo, Milindu Wickramarachchi, Aiswarya Lakshmi, Laura Kudlek, Amy Ahern, Struan Tait, Natasha Reid, Rebecca A Jones, Andrea D Smith
Introduction: Behavioral weight management interventions (BWMIs) are an evidence-based strategy for addressing childhood obesity. Targeting eating behavior traits (EBTs; individual tendencies determining food intake/occasions) could play a pivotal role in improving the effectiveness of these behavioral interventions. The present study describes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of BWMIs on eating behavior traits in children with overweight or obesity.
Methods: Seven databases were searched, and eligible studies included randomized controlled trials reporting EBT outcomes following BWMIs delivered to children with overweight or obesity (<18 years of age). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare EBT outcomes for intervention and control groups. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was applied for EBTs where meta-analysis was not feasible.
Results: The review identified eight trials characterizing the impact of BWMIs on 15 EBTs. Meta-analyses of data from three trials at intervention completion and post-intervention (average of 28 weeks [±8]) revealed positive short-term increases in dietary restraint (SMD random effect 0.42 [95% CI 0.13, 0.70]). However, these effects were not sustained at follow-up. Improvements in emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food were shown in studies which could not be pooled quantitatively.
Conclusion: BWMIs in children living with overweight/obesity are beneficial for the improvement of some EBTs at intervention completion including dietary restraint, emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. However, this remains a relatively unexplored area and more research is needed to strengthen understanding of the multifaceted impact of child BWMIs on a comprehensive range of EBTs.
{"title":"The impact of behavioral weight management interventions on eating behavior traits in children with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Patricia Eustachio Colombo, Milindu Wickramarachchi, Aiswarya Lakshmi, Laura Kudlek, Amy Ahern, Struan Tait, Natasha Reid, Rebecca A Jones, Andrea D Smith","doi":"10.1111/obr.13839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behavioral weight management interventions (BWMIs) are an evidence-based strategy for addressing childhood obesity. Targeting eating behavior traits (EBTs; individual tendencies determining food intake/occasions) could play a pivotal role in improving the effectiveness of these behavioral interventions. The present study describes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of BWMIs on eating behavior traits in children with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven databases were searched, and eligible studies included randomized controlled trials reporting EBT outcomes following BWMIs delivered to children with overweight or obesity (<18 years of age). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare EBT outcomes for intervention and control groups. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was applied for EBTs where meta-analysis was not feasible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified eight trials characterizing the impact of BWMIs on 15 EBTs. Meta-analyses of data from three trials at intervention completion and post-intervention (average of 28 weeks [±8]) revealed positive short-term increases in dietary restraint (SMD random effect 0.42 [95% CI 0.13, 0.70]). However, these effects were not sustained at follow-up. Improvements in emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food were shown in studies which could not be pooled quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BWMIs in children living with overweight/obesity are beneficial for the improvement of some EBTs at intervention completion including dietary restraint, emotional eating, external eating, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food. However, this remains a relatively unexplored area and more research is needed to strengthen understanding of the multifaceted impact of child BWMIs on a comprehensive range of EBTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew N Reynolds,Jessica Lang,Amanda Brand,Jim Mann
BACKGROUNDSome dietary recommendations continue to recommend carbohydrate restriction as a cornerstone of dietary advice for people with diabetes.PURPOSEWe compared the cardiometabolic effects of diets higher in both fiber and carbohydrate with lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets in type 1 or type 2 diabetes.DATA SOURCESMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to June 24, 2024, with additional hand searching.STUDY SELECTIONRandomized controlled trials in which both dietary fiber and carbohydrate amount had been modified were identified from source evidence syntheses on carbohydrate amount in people with diabetes.DATA EXTRACTIONTwo reviewers independently.DATA SYNTHESISTen eligible trials including 499 participants with diabetes (98% with T2) were identified from the potentially eligible 828 trials included in existing evidence syntheses. Pooled findings indicate that higher fiber higher carbohydrate diets reduced HbA1c (mean difference [MD] -0.50% [95% confidence interval -0.99 to -0.02]), fasting insulin (MD -0.99 μIU/mL [-1.83 to -0.15]), total cholesterol (MD -0.16 mmol/L [-0.27 to -0.05]) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -0.16 mmol/L (-0.31 to -0.01) when compared with lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets. Trials with larger differences in fiber and carbohydrate intakes between interventions reported greater reductions. Certainty of evidence for these outcomes was moderate or high, with most outcomes downgraded due to heterogeneity unexplained by any single variable.LIMITATIONSOur predefined scope excluded trials with co-interventions such as energy restriction, which may have provided addition information.CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate the greater importance of promoting dietary fiber intakes, and the relative unimportance of carbohydrate amount in recommendations for people with diabetes.
{"title":"Higher fiber higher carbohydrate diets better than lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets for diabetes management: Rapid review with meta-analyses.","authors":"Andrew N Reynolds,Jessica Lang,Amanda Brand,Jim Mann","doi":"10.1111/obr.13837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13837","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSome dietary recommendations continue to recommend carbohydrate restriction as a cornerstone of dietary advice for people with diabetes.PURPOSEWe compared the cardiometabolic effects of diets higher in both fiber and carbohydrate with lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets in type 1 or type 2 diabetes.DATA SOURCESMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to June 24, 2024, with additional hand searching.STUDY SELECTIONRandomized controlled trials in which both dietary fiber and carbohydrate amount had been modified were identified from source evidence syntheses on carbohydrate amount in people with diabetes.DATA EXTRACTIONTwo reviewers independently.DATA SYNTHESISTen eligible trials including 499 participants with diabetes (98% with T2) were identified from the potentially eligible 828 trials included in existing evidence syntheses. Pooled findings indicate that higher fiber higher carbohydrate diets reduced HbA1c (mean difference [MD] -0.50% [95% confidence interval -0.99 to -0.02]), fasting insulin (MD -0.99 μIU/mL [-1.83 to -0.15]), total cholesterol (MD -0.16 mmol/L [-0.27 to -0.05]) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -0.16 mmol/L (-0.31 to -0.01) when compared with lower carbohydrate lower fiber diets. Trials with larger differences in fiber and carbohydrate intakes between interventions reported greater reductions. Certainty of evidence for these outcomes was moderate or high, with most outcomes downgraded due to heterogeneity unexplained by any single variable.LIMITATIONSOur predefined scope excluded trials with co-interventions such as energy restriction, which may have provided addition information.CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate the greater importance of promoting dietary fiber intakes, and the relative unimportance of carbohydrate amount in recommendations for people with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey I Mechanick,W Scott Butsch,Sandra M Christensen,Osama Hamdy,Zhaoping Li,Carla M Prado,Steven B Heymsfield
The rapid and widespread clinical adoption of highly effective incretin-mimetic drugs (IMDs), particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, for the treatment of obesity has outpaced the updating of clinical practice guidelines. Consequently, many patients may be at risk for adverse effects and uncertain long-term outcomes related to the use of these drugs. Of emerging concern is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that can accompany rapid substantial weight reduction; such losses can lead to reduced functional and metabolic health, weight cycling, compromised quality of life, and other adverse outcomes. Available evidence suggests that clinical trial participants receiving IMDs for the treatment of obesity lost 10% or more of their muscle mass during the 68- to 72-week interventions, approximately equivalent to 20 years of age-related muscle loss. The ability to maintain muscle mass during caloric restriction-induced weight reduction is influenced by two key factors: nutrition and physical exercise. Nutrition therapy should ensure adequate intake and absorption of high-quality protein and micronutrients, which may require the use of oral nutritional supplements. Additionally, concurrent physical activity, especially resistance training, has been shown to effectively minimize loss of muscle mass and function during weight reduction therapy. All patients receiving IMDs for obesity should participate in comprehensive treatment programs emphasizing adequate protein and micronutrient intakes, as well as resistance training, to preserve muscle mass and function, maximize the benefit of IMD therapy, and minimize potential risks.
{"title":"Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin-mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity.","authors":"Jeffrey I Mechanick,W Scott Butsch,Sandra M Christensen,Osama Hamdy,Zhaoping Li,Carla M Prado,Steven B Heymsfield","doi":"10.1111/obr.13841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13841","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid and widespread clinical adoption of highly effective incretin-mimetic drugs (IMDs), particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, for the treatment of obesity has outpaced the updating of clinical practice guidelines. Consequently, many patients may be at risk for adverse effects and uncertain long-term outcomes related to the use of these drugs. Of emerging concern is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that can accompany rapid substantial weight reduction; such losses can lead to reduced functional and metabolic health, weight cycling, compromised quality of life, and other adverse outcomes. Available evidence suggests that clinical trial participants receiving IMDs for the treatment of obesity lost 10% or more of their muscle mass during the 68- to 72-week interventions, approximately equivalent to 20 years of age-related muscle loss. The ability to maintain muscle mass during caloric restriction-induced weight reduction is influenced by two key factors: nutrition and physical exercise. Nutrition therapy should ensure adequate intake and absorption of high-quality protein and micronutrients, which may require the use of oral nutritional supplements. Additionally, concurrent physical activity, especially resistance training, has been shown to effectively minimize loss of muscle mass and function during weight reduction therapy. All patients receiving IMDs for obesity should participate in comprehensive treatment programs emphasizing adequate protein and micronutrient intakes, as well as resistance training, to preserve muscle mass and function, maximize the benefit of IMD therapy, and minimize potential risks.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiara Calabrese, Giacomo Miserocchi, Alessandro De Vita, Chiara Spadazzi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Sofia Gabellone, Giovanni Martinelli, Nicoletta Ranallo, Alberto Bongiovanni, Chiara Liverani
SummaryThe adipose tissue is a complex organ that can play endocrine, metabolic, and immune regulatory roles in cancer. In particular, adipocytes provide metabolic substrates for cancer cell proliferation and produce signaling molecules that can stimulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Cancer cells, in turn, can reprogram adipocytes towards a more inflammatory state, resulting in a vicious cycle that fuels tumor growth and evolution. These mechanisms are enhanced in obesity, which is associated with the risk of developing certain tumors. Diet, an exogenous source of lipids with pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory functions, has also been connected to cancer risk. This review analyzes how adipocytes and lipids are involved in tumor development and progression, focusing on the relationship between obesity and cancer. In addition, we discuss how diets with varying lipid intakes can affect the disease outcomes. Finally, we introduce novel metabolism‐targeted treatments and adipocyte‐based therapies in oncology.
{"title":"Lipids and adipocytes involvement in tumor progression with a focus on obesity and diet","authors":"Chiara Calabrese, Giacomo Miserocchi, Alessandro De Vita, Chiara Spadazzi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Sofia Gabellone, Giovanni Martinelli, Nicoletta Ranallo, Alberto Bongiovanni, Chiara Liverani","doi":"10.1111/obr.13833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13833","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe adipose tissue is a complex organ that can play endocrine, metabolic, and immune regulatory roles in cancer. In particular, adipocytes provide metabolic substrates for cancer cell proliferation and produce signaling molecules that can stimulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Cancer cells, in turn, can reprogram adipocytes towards a more inflammatory state, resulting in a vicious cycle that fuels tumor growth and evolution. These mechanisms are enhanced in obesity, which is associated with the risk of developing certain tumors. Diet, an exogenous source of lipids with pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory functions, has also been connected to cancer risk. This review analyzes how adipocytes and lipids are involved in tumor development and progression, focusing on the relationship between obesity and cancer. In addition, we discuss how diets with varying lipid intakes can affect the disease outcomes. Finally, we introduce novel metabolism‐targeted treatments and adipocyte‐based therapies in oncology.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Bin Aamir, Roopa Kumari, Rabia Latif, Shakil Ahmad, Nazish Rafique, Ayad M. Salem, Lubna I. Alasoom, Ahmed Alsunni, Aseel S. Alabdulhadi, Subhash Chander
SummaryIntroductionObesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation. This study presents an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effect of caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers (C‐reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐alpha, and interleukin [IL]‐6) in individuals with obesity/overweight compared with unrestricted or ad libitum feeding.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inflammatory biomarkers after at least 8 weeks of intervention. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a fixed effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using I2 statistics. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the “leave‐one‐out” approach.ResultsRelatively few RCTs have investigated the effect of IF on inflammatory biomarkers than with CR (6 vs. 15). Analysis of pooled data showed that CR was associated with a significant reduction in CRP with low heterogeneity (SMD −0.15 mg/L [95% CI −0.30 to −0.00], p = 0.04; I2 = 0%, p = 0.69) and IL‐6 with high heterogeneity (SMD −0.31 pg/mL [95% CI −0.51 to −0.10], p = 0.004; I2 = 73%, p = 0.001). IF was associated with a significant decrease in TNF‐alpha with moderate heterogeneity (SMD −0.32 pg/mL [95% CI −0.63 to −0.02], p = 0.04; I2 = 44%, p = 0.13). No associations were detected between IF and CRP or IL‐6 and CR and TNF‐alpha.ConclusionCR may be more effective in reducing chronic low‐grade inflammation than IF. However, there were some concerns regarding the included studies' randomization and allocation sequence concealment process.
摘要导言肥胖的特点是慢性低度炎症。本研究对限制热量摄入（CR）和间歇性禁食（IF）对肥胖/超重患者血浆炎症生物标志物（C反应蛋白[CRP]、肿瘤坏死因子[TNF]-α和白细胞介素[IL]-6）的影响进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。方法在PubMed、Web of Science和SCOPUS数据库中搜索了至少8周干预后报告炎症生物标志物的随机对照试验（RCT）。采用固定效应模型计算标准化均值差异（SMD）。使用 I2 统计量确定异质性。结果与 CR 相比，研究 IF 对炎症生物标志物影响的 RCT 相对较少（6 对 15）。汇总数据分析显示，CR与CRP的显著降低相关，但异质性较低（SMD -0.15 mg/L [95% CI -0.30 to -0.00]，p = 0.04；I2 = 0%，p = 0.69），与IL-6的显著降低相关，但异质性较高（SMD -0.31 pg/mL [95% CI -0.51 to -0.10]，p = 0.004；I2 = 73%，p = 0.001）。IF与TNF-α的显著下降有关，但存在中度异质性（SMD -0.32 pg/mL [95% CI -0.63 to -0.02]，p = 0.04；I2 = 44%，p = 0.13）。结论CR在减少慢性低度炎症方面可能比IF更有效。然而，纳入研究的随机化和分配顺序隐藏过程还存在一些问题。
{"title":"Effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with obesity/overweight: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Ahmad Bin Aamir, Roopa Kumari, Rabia Latif, Shakil Ahmad, Nazish Rafique, Ayad M. Salem, Lubna I. Alasoom, Ahmed Alsunni, Aseel S. Alabdulhadi, Subhash Chander","doi":"10.1111/obr.13838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13838","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIntroductionObesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation. This study presents an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effect of caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers (C‐reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐alpha, and interleukin [IL]‐6) in individuals with obesity/overweight compared with unrestricted or ad libitum feeding.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inflammatory biomarkers after at least 8 weeks of intervention. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a fixed effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> statistics. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the “leave‐one‐out” approach.ResultsRelatively few RCTs have investigated the effect of IF on inflammatory biomarkers than with CR (6 vs. 15). Analysis of pooled data showed that CR was associated with a significant reduction in CRP with low heterogeneity (SMD −0.15 mg/L [95% CI −0.30 to −0.00], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.04; <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.69) and IL‐6 with high heterogeneity (SMD −0.31 pg/mL [95% CI −0.51 to −0.10], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004; <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 73%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001). IF was associated with a significant decrease in TNF‐alpha with moderate heterogeneity (SMD −0.32 pg/mL [95% CI −0.63 to −0.02], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.04; <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 44%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.13). No associations were detected between IF and CRP or IL‐6 and CR and TNF‐alpha.ConclusionCR may be more effective in reducing chronic low‐grade inflammation than IF. However, there were some concerns regarding the included studies' randomization and allocation sequence concealment process.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanya Braune, Laura Kudlek, Christina Xiao, Hao Tang, Élisabeth Demers‐Potvin, Holly A. Harris, Erin Fitzsimons‐West, Jean Adams, Eleanor M. Winpenny
SummaryAdolescence is an important period of increasing independence, when adolescents experience changing influences of family and friends on their diets as they transition into adulthood. We conducted a scoping review to map the literature on interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors among individuals aged 13–30 years. We searched seven literature databases, and following screening, 329 papers were included. Determinants were grouped according to sub‐categories of the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating framework: family structure (n = 122), social influences (n = 121), parental behaviors (n = 90), family food culture (n = 83), social support (n = 69), parental feeding styles (n = 24), parental attitudes/beliefs (n = 8), and parental resources/risk factors (n = 6), and we added two new sub‐categories: parenting style (n = 74) and partner behaviors (n = 6). Fruit/vegetable (n = 143) and sugar‐sweetened beverage (n = 102) intake were the most commonly measured diet outcomes, and breakfast consumption (n = 41) and fast food/takeaway intake (n = 39) the most commonly examined eating behaviors. This review highlights the gaps in the literature, both across the determinant sub‐categories and also the relative paucity of longitudinal evidence and lack of evidence in emerging adults, particularly outside of university settings. Future research should focus on these areas to provide stronger evidence to support better design of interventions for this age group.
{"title":"Interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors in people aged 13–30 years: A systematic scoping review","authors":"Tanya Braune, Laura Kudlek, Christina Xiao, Hao Tang, Élisabeth Demers‐Potvin, Holly A. Harris, Erin Fitzsimons‐West, Jean Adams, Eleanor M. Winpenny","doi":"10.1111/obr.13835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13835","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAdolescence is an important period of increasing independence, when adolescents experience changing influences of family and friends on their diets as they transition into adulthood. We conducted a scoping review to map the literature on interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors among individuals aged 13–30 years. We searched seven literature databases, and following screening, 329 papers were included. Determinants were grouped according to sub‐categories of the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating framework: family structure (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 122), social influences (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 121), parental behaviors (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 90), family food culture (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 83), social support (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 69), parental feeding styles (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24), parental attitudes/beliefs (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 8), and parental resources/risk factors (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6), and we added two new sub‐categories: parenting style (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 74) and partner behaviors (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6). Fruit/vegetable (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 143) and sugar‐sweetened beverage (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 102) intake were the most commonly measured diet outcomes, and breakfast consumption (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 41) and fast food/takeaway intake (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 39) the most commonly examined eating behaviors. This review highlights the gaps in the literature, both across the determinant sub‐categories and also the relative paucity of longitudinal evidence and lack of evidence in emerging adults, particularly outside of university settings. Future research should focus on these areas to provide stronger evidence to support better design of interventions for this age group.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego E. Guerrero‐Magaña, Lucía G. Urquijo‐Ruiz, Alma L. Ruelas‐Yanes, Teresita de J. Martínez‐Contreras, Rolando G. Díaz‐Zavala, Maria del Carmen Candia‐Plata, Julián Esparza‐Romero, Michelle M. Haby
SummarySome periods during the year, such as festive and summer holiday periods, have been associated with weight gain. We aimed to assess the effect of interventions for the prevention of body weight gain during festive and holiday periods in children and adults. A systematic search was conducted in six databases and supplementary sources until January 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐RCTs, and non‐RCTs. Our primary outcome measure was the change in body weight in adults or the change in BMI z‐score or BMI percentile in children and adolescents. From 4216 records, 12 primary studies (from 22 reports) met the inclusion criteria—10 from the United States, one from the United Kingdom, and one from Chile. Two studies had a low risk of bias, two moderate, seven high, and one critical risk of bias. The meta‐analysis in children included four of seven studies during the summer holidays (six interventions) and showed a mean difference in BMI z‐score favoring the intervention group (−0.06 [95% CI −0.10, −0.01], p = 0.01, I2 = 0%, very low certainty evidence). The meta‐analysis in adults included five studies during festive periods with a mean difference in weight favoring the intervention group (−0.99 kg [95% CI −2.15, 0.18], p = 0.10, I2 = 89%, very low certainty evidence). This review has highlighted potential interventions to prevent the increase in body weight during holiday periods. More work is needed to improve the quality of the evidence and to extend it to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom and to the adolescent population.
摘要一年中的某些时段，如节日和暑假期间，与体重增加有关。我们旨在评估预防儿童和成人在节日期间体重增加的干预措施的效果。截至 2023 年 1 月 4 日，我们在六个数据库和补充资料中进行了系统检索。我们纳入了随机对照试验 (RCT)、分组 RCT 和非 RCT。我们的主要结果指标是成人体重的变化或儿童和青少年 BMI z 分数或 BMI 百分位数的变化。在 4216 条记录中，有 12 项主要研究（来自 22 份报告）符合纳入标准，其中 10 项来自美国，1 项来自英国，1 项来自智利。两项研究存在低偏倚风险，两项研究存在中度偏倚风险，七项研究存在高度偏倚风险，一项研究存在严重偏倚风险。针对儿童的荟萃分析包括暑假期间七项研究中的四项（六项干预措施），结果显示干预组的 BMI z 分数平均值偏高（-0.06 [95% CI -0.10, -0.01]，p = 0.01，I2 = 0%，证据确定性极低）。成人荟萃分析包括五项节日期间的研究，干预组的平均体重差异为-0.99 千克 [95% CI -2.15, 0.18], p = 0.10, I2 = 89%, 非常不确定的证据）。本综述强调了防止假期期间体重增加的潜在干预措施。还需要做更多的工作来提高证据的质量，并将其推广到美国和英国以外的国家以及青少年人群。
{"title":"Interventions for the prevention of weight gain during festive and holiday periods in children and adults: A systematic review","authors":"Diego E. Guerrero‐Magaña, Lucía G. Urquijo‐Ruiz, Alma L. Ruelas‐Yanes, Teresita de J. Martínez‐Contreras, Rolando G. Díaz‐Zavala, Maria del Carmen Candia‐Plata, Julián Esparza‐Romero, Michelle M. Haby","doi":"10.1111/obr.13836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13836","url":null,"abstract":"SummarySome periods during the year, such as festive and summer holiday periods, have been associated with weight gain. We aimed to assess the effect of interventions for the prevention of body weight gain during festive and holiday periods in children and adults. A systematic search was conducted in six databases and supplementary sources until January 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster‐RCTs, and non‐RCTs. Our primary outcome measure was the change in body weight in adults or the change in BMI z‐score or BMI percentile in children and adolescents. From 4216 records, 12 primary studies (from 22 reports) met the inclusion criteria—10 from the United States, one from the United Kingdom, and one from Chile. Two studies had a low risk of bias, two moderate, seven high, and one critical risk of bias. The meta‐analysis in children included four of seven studies during the summer holidays (six interventions) and showed a mean difference in BMI z‐score favoring the intervention group (−0.06 [95% CI −0.10, −0.01], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.01, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0%, very low certainty evidence). The meta‐analysis in adults included five studies during festive periods with a mean difference in weight favoring the intervention group (−0.99 kg [95% CI −2.15, 0.18], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.10, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 89%, very low certainty evidence). This review has highlighted potential interventions to prevent the increase in body weight during holiday periods. More work is needed to improve the quality of the evidence and to extend it to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom and to the adolescent population.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to utilize network meta‐analysis (NMA) to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the most effective intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise interventions for weight loss.MethodsThis study searched five databases up until April 2024, obtaining RCTs that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a random‐effects statistical analysis of each intervention. Eventually, a NMA was conducted to compare the effectiveness of each intervention on weight loss, thereby determining their combined effectiveness on reducing weight.ResultsA total of nine trials, comparing 12 interventions involving 570 participants, were included. All interventions significantly reduced body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) compared to the control (CON) group. In terms of BW reduction, the alternate‐day fasting + moderate‐intensity continuous training (ADF + MICT) intervention had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve average (SUCRA) score 88.1(MD: −4.44,95% CI −5.95, −2.92). Furthermore, for improving FM, the ADF + MICT intervention also had the highest SUCRA score 92.7(MD: −3.65,95% CI −5.05, −2.25), making it the optimal intervention for improving FM.ConclusionThe NMA results indicate that all interventions are effective in reducing weight. Among them, ADF + MICT is the most effective strategy for reducing BW, and it is also the best approach for improving FM.
摘要目的本研究旨在利用网络荟萃分析（NMA）来综合相关的随机对照试验（RCT），并评估最有效的间歇性禁食（IF）与运动相结合的减肥干预措施。方法本研究检索了截至 2024 年 4 月的五个数据库，获得了研究间歇性禁食（IF）与运动相结合效果的 RCT。使用 Cochrane 工具对文献质量进行评估，然后对每项干预措施进行随机效应统计分析。最后，对每种干预措施的减重效果进行了NMA比较，从而确定了它们在减轻体重方面的综合效果。与对照组（CON）相比，所有干预措施都能明显降低体重（BW）和脂肪量（FM）。在降低体重方面，隔日禁食+中等强度持续训练（ADF + MICT）干预的累积排名曲线下表面平均值（SUCRA）得分最高，为88.1（MD：-4.44,95% CI -5.95,-2.92）。此外，在改善 FM 方面，ADF + MICT 干预方案的 SUCRA 得分也最高，为 92.7（MD：-3.65，95% CI -5.05，-2.25），是改善 FM 的最佳干预方案。结论 NMA 结果表明，所有干预措施都能有效降低体重，其中，ADF + MICT 是降低体重最有效的策略，也是改善 FM 的最佳方法。
{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of intermittent fasting and exercise combinations for weight loss: A network meta‐analysis","authors":"Xiaoyan Cheng, Shunli Sun, Maolin Chen, Xinyou Zhou, Mingxin Rao, Dongjuan Guo, Jinfeng Xie, Qiang Huang, Liqiang Su","doi":"10.1111/obr.13834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13834","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to utilize network meta‐analysis (NMA) to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the most effective intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise interventions for weight loss.MethodsThis study searched five databases up until April 2024, obtaining RCTs that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a random‐effects statistical analysis of each intervention. Eventually, a NMA was conducted to compare the effectiveness of each intervention on weight loss, thereby determining their combined effectiveness on reducing weight.ResultsA total of nine trials, comparing 12 interventions involving 570 participants, were included. All interventions significantly reduced body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) compared to the control (CON) group. In terms of BW reduction, the alternate‐day fasting + moderate‐intensity continuous training (ADF + MICT) intervention had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve average (SUCRA) score 88.1(MD: −4.44,95% CI −5.95, −2.92). Furthermore, for improving FM, the ADF + MICT intervention also had the highest SUCRA score 92.7(MD: −3.65,95% CI −5.05, −2.25), making it the optimal intervention for improving FM.ConclusionThe NMA results indicate that all interventions are effective in reducing weight. Among them, ADF + MICT is the most effective strategy for reducing BW, and it is also the best approach for improving FM.","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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