Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2142389
Xiaopei Wang, Y. Morisada, K. Ushioda, H. Fujii
Solid-state welding mechanism of ultra-high strength C–Mn–Si martensitic steel during friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was clarified and interface strengthening principle was revealed. We found that the generated oxides in the interface became spherical and dispersed, which was caused by selective oxidation due to the reduced oxygen partial pressure during high welding temperature. Then, these oxides were further refined and dispersed by severe material flow around the welding interface. Consequently, the refined and spherical (Mn, Si, Al)O amorphous oxides were formed. In addition, strong material flow introduced large drive force for grain boundary migration around the welding interface, which further facilitated the migration and dispersion of the generated (Mn, Si, Al)O oxides, giving rise to a high-strength welding interface.
{"title":"Interface welding mechanism and strengthening principle during friction stir spot welding of ultra-high strength C–Mn–Si martensitic steel","authors":"Xiaopei Wang, Y. Morisada, K. Ushioda, H. Fujii","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2142389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2142389","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state welding mechanism of ultra-high strength C–Mn–Si martensitic steel during friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was clarified and interface strengthening principle was revealed. We found that the generated oxides in the interface became spherical and dispersed, which was caused by selective oxidation due to the reduced oxygen partial pressure during high welding temperature. Then, these oxides were further refined and dispersed by severe material flow around the welding interface. Consequently, the refined and spherical (Mn, Si, Al)O amorphous oxides were formed. In addition, strong material flow introduced large drive force for grain boundary migration around the welding interface, which further facilitated the migration and dispersion of the generated (Mn, Si, Al)O oxides, giving rise to a high-strength welding interface.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"182 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2142396
Srinath Gudur, S. Simhambhatla, N. Venkata Reddy
Components fabricated in metal additive manufacturing, including wire arc additive manufacturing, undergo complex thermal cycles, resulting in residual stresses and thermal distortions. The present work investigates the effect of applying in-situ electric pulses to the component after the deposition of every layer to reduce residual stresses. The experimental results revealed that electropulsing resulted in dislocation rearrangement/annihilation, thereby decreasing dislocation density. A significant reduction in the fraction of low angle grain boundaries was observed for electropulse-treated samples, indicating a decrease in residual stress. Further, X-ray diffraction results also confirm a reduction in residual stress (24.0–29.4% reduction compared to untreated samples). The method can effectively be used to address specific regions selectively in addition to in-situ reduction of residual stresses in deposited components. Abbreviations: EBSD: electron backscattered diffraction; EPT: electropulsing treatment; EWF: electron wind force; GND: geometrically necessary dislocations; KAM: Kernel average misorientation; LAGBs: low angle grain boundaries; WAAM: wire arc additive manufacturing; XRD: X-ray diffraction
{"title":"Residual stress reduction in wire arc additively manufactured parts using in-situ electric pulses","authors":"Srinath Gudur, S. Simhambhatla, N. Venkata Reddy","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2142396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2142396","url":null,"abstract":"Components fabricated in metal additive manufacturing, including wire arc additive manufacturing, undergo complex thermal cycles, resulting in residual stresses and thermal distortions. The present work investigates the effect of applying in-situ electric pulses to the component after the deposition of every layer to reduce residual stresses. The experimental results revealed that electropulsing resulted in dislocation rearrangement/annihilation, thereby decreasing dislocation density. A significant reduction in the fraction of low angle grain boundaries was observed for electropulse-treated samples, indicating a decrease in residual stress. Further, X-ray diffraction results also confirm a reduction in residual stress (24.0–29.4% reduction compared to untreated samples). The method can effectively be used to address specific regions selectively in addition to in-situ reduction of residual stresses in deposited components. Abbreviations: EBSD: electron backscattered diffraction; EPT: electropulsing treatment; EWF: electron wind force; GND: geometrically necessary dislocations; KAM: Kernel average misorientation; LAGBs: low angle grain boundaries; WAAM: wire arc additive manufacturing; XRD: X-ray diffraction","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"193 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2139451
Mengjuan Zhou, Yu-Feng Sun, Y. Morisada, Qingbing Shi, H. Fujii
In conventional friction stir welding of magnesium alloys, a strong (0001) texture at the welded zone is inevitable, which deteriorates the joint mechanical properties. A novel method called ‘double-sided friction stir welding’ solved this problem by weakening the texture. However, the texture-weakening mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism of the texture weakening in double-sided friction stir welded Mg alloy was systematically analysed. The welding temperature and the material flow mode were revealed to control the (0001) texture randomisation simultaneously. The unique material flow at the mid-thickness layer caused by the double-sided friction stir welding was revealed to match the ‘beat phenomenon’ for the first time, which was revealed as the dominant mechanism for the (0001) texture randomisation.
{"title":"The material flow and texture-weakening mechanism in double-sided friction stir welded Mg alloy","authors":"Mengjuan Zhou, Yu-Feng Sun, Y. Morisada, Qingbing Shi, H. Fujii","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2139451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2139451","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional friction stir welding of magnesium alloys, a strong (0001) texture at the welded zone is inevitable, which deteriorates the joint mechanical properties. A novel method called ‘double-sided friction stir welding’ solved this problem by weakening the texture. However, the texture-weakening mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism of the texture weakening in double-sided friction stir welded Mg alloy was systematically analysed. The welding temperature and the material flow mode were revealed to control the (0001) texture randomisation simultaneously. The unique material flow at the mid-thickness layer caused by the double-sided friction stir welding was revealed to match the ‘beat phenomenon’ for the first time, which was revealed as the dominant mechanism for the (0001) texture randomisation.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"154 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2140934
S. Yan, Zheng Meng, Bo Chen, C. Tan, Xiaoguo Song, Guodong Wang
An oscillation laser beam was conducted to enhance the mechanical property of Inconel 718 joints. The dynamic behaviours of molten pool on the microstructure and mechanical property of joints were investigated. The results showed that the improvement of Laves phase and the tensile property depended on the flow and thermal behaviours of molten pool. Compared with conventional laser welding, the maximum flow velocity on the surface of molten pool increased by 375.5%(150 Hz), which indicated the dendrites received greater bending stress to break more easily, resulting in the homogenisation of element. In addition, the oscillation laser beam decreased the temperature gradient from 218.5°C/mm to 73°C/mm, and the cooling rate of 150 Hz in the centre and edge of molten pool increased by 64.4% and 111.9%, which hindered the segregation phenomenon during the element diffusion to restrain the formation of Laves phase in the eutectic reaction.
{"title":"Combined effect and mechanism of thermal behaviour and flow characteristic on microstructure and mechanical property of oscillation laser-welded of IN718","authors":"S. Yan, Zheng Meng, Bo Chen, C. Tan, Xiaoguo Song, Guodong Wang","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2140934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2140934","url":null,"abstract":"An oscillation laser beam was conducted to enhance the mechanical property of Inconel 718 joints. The dynamic behaviours of molten pool on the microstructure and mechanical property of joints were investigated. The results showed that the improvement of Laves phase and the tensile property depended on the flow and thermal behaviours of molten pool. Compared with conventional laser welding, the maximum flow velocity on the surface of molten pool increased by 375.5%(150 Hz), which indicated the dendrites received greater bending stress to break more easily, resulting in the homogenisation of element. In addition, the oscillation laser beam decreased the temperature gradient from 218.5°C/mm to 73°C/mm, and the cooling rate of 150 Hz in the centre and edge of molten pool increased by 64.4% and 111.9%, which hindered the segregation phenomenon during the element diffusion to restrain the formation of Laves phase in the eutectic reaction.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"173 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42414183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2139446
K. Khan, L. S. Mohan, A. De, T. DebRoy
Numerical modelling of thermo-mechanical residual stresses for laser powder bed fusion is complex and computationally intensive. A novel analytical model is presented here that can compute the residual stress distributions through a printed part and the baseplate quickly and reliably using phenomenological modelling. The peak residual stress for each deposited layer, needed in the model, is computed using scaling analysis. The computed residual stress distributions are tested with the corresponding independent experimentally measured and numerically computed results. The analytically calculated residual stress distributions are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding independent results. The analytical model is shown to be 10,000 times faster than the numerical models.
{"title":"Rapid calculation of part scale residual stresses in powder bed additive manufacturing","authors":"K. Khan, L. S. Mohan, A. De, T. DebRoy","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2139446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2139446","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical modelling of thermo-mechanical residual stresses for laser powder bed fusion is complex and computationally intensive. A novel analytical model is presented here that can compute the residual stress distributions through a printed part and the baseplate quickly and reliably using phenomenological modelling. The peak residual stress for each deposited layer, needed in the model, is computed using scaling analysis. The computed residual stress distributions are tested with the corresponding independent experimentally measured and numerically computed results. The analytically calculated residual stress distributions are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding independent results. The analytical model is shown to be 10,000 times faster than the numerical models.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"145 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47638717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2140253
Hasan Jiryaei Sharahi, M. Pouranvari, M. Movahedi
Liquation in the partially melted zone (PMZ) is the critical weldability issue of cast AZ91 magnesium alloy. Friction stir processing (FSP) is used as a local pre-weld treatment to create a local liquation-resistant microstructure in cast AZ91 alloy during arc welding. The effects of tool rotational speed during pre-weld FSP on the liquation-related microstructural features (i.e. grain structure, size and volume fraction of eutectic β-Mg17Al12) and the liquation characteristics of the fusion-welded AZ91 (i.e. PMZ size and grain boundary liquid film thickness) were investigated. The pre-weld FSP treatment of the cast AZ91 significantly improved the tensile strength and ductility of the welds mainly due to significant reduction in the thickness of the re-solidified eutectic β-Mg17Al12 film in the PMZ.
{"title":"Pre-weld friction stir processing enabling strong and ductile fusion welds on AZ91 magnesium alloy","authors":"Hasan Jiryaei Sharahi, M. Pouranvari, M. Movahedi","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2140253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2140253","url":null,"abstract":"Liquation in the partially melted zone (PMZ) is the critical weldability issue of cast AZ91 magnesium alloy. Friction stir processing (FSP) is used as a local pre-weld treatment to create a local liquation-resistant microstructure in cast AZ91 alloy during arc welding. The effects of tool rotational speed during pre-weld FSP on the liquation-related microstructural features (i.e. grain structure, size and volume fraction of eutectic β-Mg17Al12) and the liquation characteristics of the fusion-welded AZ91 (i.e. PMZ size and grain boundary liquid film thickness) were investigated. The pre-weld FSP treatment of the cast AZ91 significantly improved the tensile strength and ductility of the welds mainly due to significant reduction in the thickness of the re-solidified eutectic β-Mg17Al12 film in the PMZ.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"162 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2134963
Q. Yuan, Chuan Liu, Wenrong Wang, Mingjie Wang
The longitudinal and transverse residual stress distributions in a large high-strength steel block fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing are measured by the contour method and X-ray diffraction method. The effect of the restraint intensity on the longitudinal stress distribution pattern at the middle-width location along the height is discussed. Research results show that the longitudinal stress changes drastically from compressive stress in the deposition to the tensile stress in the baseplate, while the transverse stress is compressive in the interface zone between the deposition metal and the baseplate and changes gently across the interface zone. The restraint intensity exerted by the baseplate on the deposition has a great effect on the stress distribution pattern along the height.
{"title":"Residual stress distribution in a large specimen fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Q. Yuan, Chuan Liu, Wenrong Wang, Mingjie Wang","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2134963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2134963","url":null,"abstract":"The longitudinal and transverse residual stress distributions in a large high-strength steel block fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing are measured by the contour method and X-ray diffraction method. The effect of the restraint intensity on the longitudinal stress distribution pattern at the middle-width location along the height is discussed. Research results show that the longitudinal stress changes drastically from compressive stress in the deposition to the tensile stress in the baseplate, while the transverse stress is compressive in the interface zone between the deposition metal and the baseplate and changes gently across the interface zone. The restraint intensity exerted by the baseplate on the deposition has a great effect on the stress distribution pattern along the height.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"137 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2131085
Qihan Wang, Kangnian Wang, Hong Wang, Wenyue Zheng
Laser impact welding (LIW) is an attractive technique for thin film dissimilar materials solid-state welding. To understand the mechanism of laser impact welding, the wave character of wavy interfaces, the morphology of intermetallics, the diffusion phenomenon and the hardness along the welding direction were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and nanoindentation, respectively. There is a microstructure and mechanical property gradient not only along the welding direction, but also perpendicular to it. The variety of both microstructure and mechanical properties is the combined result of impact pressure and impact angle. The gradient of the nanoindentation demonstrated the variety of the strengthening mechanism nearby the weld interface. The study provides valuable knowledge for welding process understanding and control.
{"title":"Variety of microstructure and mechanical properties along the laser impact welded interface","authors":"Qihan Wang, Kangnian Wang, Hong Wang, Wenyue Zheng","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2131085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2131085","url":null,"abstract":"Laser impact welding (LIW) is an attractive technique for thin film dissimilar materials solid-state welding. To understand the mechanism of laser impact welding, the wave character of wavy interfaces, the morphology of intermetallics, the diffusion phenomenon and the hardness along the welding direction were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and nanoindentation, respectively. There is a microstructure and mechanical property gradient not only along the welding direction, but also perpendicular to it. The variety of both microstructure and mechanical properties is the combined result of impact pressure and impact angle. The gradient of the nanoindentation demonstrated the variety of the strengthening mechanism nearby the weld interface. The study provides valuable knowledge for welding process understanding and control.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"28 1","pages":"128 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of welding hold time on weld quality of aluminium alloy to dual-phase steel resistance spot welds were studied. Results demonstrated that there existed an optimum range of hold time (350∼500 ms), within which the largest weld nugget diameter (7.6 mm), thinnest intermetallic compound (IMC) layer (1∼5 µm) and maximum tensile shear peak load (4.7 kN) were obtained. Too short hold time led to shrinkage, small weld nugget and thick IMC layer due to reduced heat dissipation after removing electrodes, thus resulting in low tensile peak load and brittle fracture along the IMC layer. While too long hold time, i.e. 750 ms, produced a smaller weld nugget diameter due to more rapid heat dissipation.
{"title":"Effect of hold time on resistance spot weldability of aluminium to steel","authors":"Xianming Meng, Siwei Li, Liting Shi, Yongqiang Zhang, Yajun Chen, Sai Zhang, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2080448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2080448","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of welding hold time on weld quality of aluminium alloy to dual-phase steel resistance spot welds were studied. Results demonstrated that there existed an optimum range of hold time (350∼500 ms), within which the largest weld nugget diameter (7.6 mm), thinnest intermetallic compound (IMC) layer (1∼5 µm) and maximum tensile shear peak load (4.7 kN) were obtained. Too short hold time led to shrinkage, small weld nugget and thick IMC layer due to reduced heat dissipation after removing electrodes, thus resulting in low tensile peak load and brittle fracture along the IMC layer. While too long hold time, i.e. 750 ms, produced a smaller weld nugget diameter due to more rapid heat dissipation.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"27 1","pages":"522 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42135647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/13621718.2022.2080450
Y. Lee, Jason Cheon, B. Min, Cheolhee Kim
In vacuum laser welding, a laser beam is irradiated into a chamber through a coupling glass exposed to contamination. A conical protective system for the coupling glass is suggested, and contamination is analysed via simulation and experiments based on the conical component height and the gas flow rate. Stable descending flow is a key to suppressing the contamination, which affects the particle ascending velocity, horizontal deflection of particles and number of residual particles. The laser transmission area can be protected using a gas flow rate of 1.0 L min−1 or a cone height of 90 mm for the conical component. The conical protective system demonstrates excellent contamination suppression capability. The simulation-based approach can provide an effective design for the protective system.
在真空激光焊接中，激光束通过暴露在污染中的耦合玻璃照射到一个腔室中。提出了一种用于耦合玻璃的锥形保护系统，并通过仿真和实验分析了基于锥形组件高度和气体流量的污染情况。稳定的下降流是抑制污染的关键，它影响颗粒的上升速度、颗粒的水平偏转和残留颗粒的数量。当气体流速为1.0 L min - 1或锥形部件的锥高为90mm时，可保护激光传输区域。锥形防护系统具有良好的污染抑制能力。基于仿真的方法可以为防护系统的设计提供有效的依据。
{"title":"Contamination suppression of coupling glass during vacuum laser welding","authors":"Y. Lee, Jason Cheon, B. Min, Cheolhee Kim","doi":"10.1080/13621718.2022.2080450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2022.2080450","url":null,"abstract":"In vacuum laser welding, a laser beam is irradiated into a chamber through a coupling glass exposed to contamination. A conical protective system for the coupling glass is suggested, and contamination is analysed via simulation and experiments based on the conical component height and the gas flow rate. Stable descending flow is a key to suppressing the contamination, which affects the particle ascending velocity, horizontal deflection of particles and number of residual particles. The laser transmission area can be protected using a gas flow rate of 1.0 L min−1 or a cone height of 90 mm for the conical component. The conical protective system demonstrates excellent contamination suppression capability. The simulation-based approach can provide an effective design for the protective system.","PeriodicalId":21729,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology of Welding and Joining","volume":"27 1","pages":"541 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41865734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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