Sensors International最新文献

In medical diagnostics, smart biomarker sensors are used to detect and monitor biomarker thresholds. Recent bariatric research has shown a connection between obesity and an elevated risk of breast cancer in women, with the growth of adipose tissues and malignancy as a disease caused by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. The current article focuses on HOMA, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, the adipocytokines that have been identified as the primary causes of breast cancer in obese women during the last two decades. In this manuscript, the XAI tool is implemented on the breast cancer data and presents graphical interpretation. The clinical significance and molecular processes behind circulating HOMA, leptin, adiponectin, and breast cancer resistance have been explored, and XAI methods have been used to construct models for the identification of novel breast cancer biomarkers. The premise of this study is based on classifying each adipokine into two groups: low- and high-level concentrations. We examine the correlation between each group and the likelihood of developing breast cancer. The results provided useful evidence to develop accurate treatment interventions for breast cancer patients based on their biomarker levels and body mass index.

The present investigation focused on a development of Bi₂O₃/MgO/Fe₂O₃ (BMF) heterojunction nanocomposites by Almond gum mediated green solution combustion process. The optical and structural characterizations of nanocomposite-photocatalysts were studied by spectral techniques; P-XRD study confirms the phase formation and crystalline nature of NPs with its average particle size was found to be 28 ​nm. The surface morphology of synthesized nanocomposites comprises visible pores, voids and agglomeration obtained by SEM technique. The effective potential investigation of prepared BMF nanocomposite-graphite paste electrode in 0.1 ​M KCl solution was achieved using electrochemical analysis (CV and EIS techniques) in the different scan rates 0.01–0.05 ​V/s. Further, the sensor activity of BMF material was examined first time towards paracetamol sensor studies in alkaline medium for quantities of 1–5 ​mM concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation activity was carried out for 20 ​ppm of Fast Orange Red (FOR) dye with 50 ​mg of BMF nanocomposite under irradiation of UV light. These analysis initiates to provide some insights into the design of material for multifunctional long-term applications for environmental clean-up.

Since its inception in the early 1980s, 3D Printing (3DP) technology has made a significant impact in a multitude of sectors, and pharmaceutical manufacturing is no exception. With the changing horizons, both people and researchers are gaining interest in the fabrication of tailored or personalized dosage forms. These dosage forms address the issues pertaining to on-demand manufacturing, feasibility, enhanced size, dosage and geometry, increased bioavailability with desired drug release profiles, and minimal toxicity or adverse drug reaction issues. The advent of 3DP in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sector is believed to potentially disrupt the dosage, supply chain, and waste management of conventional drugs. However, it may help to address specific issues for various subgroups, including pediatric, geriatric, multimorbid, visually impaired patients, and those with chronic diseases Although several articles underscore the various utilities of 3DP techniques, this article aims to review the various research areas along with the shortcomings associated with the printing technique.

Congenital absence of ganglion cells (aganglionic) in distal colon is known as Hirschsprung Disease or congenital megacolon, which when left undiagnosed and untreated, leads to a cascade of gastro-intestinal infections with ghastly outcomes. The pathological or aganglionic segment of the intestine is often surgically excised to treat the patient in order to mitigate the life-threatening complications of the disease to some extent. However, this involves meticulous and tedious mapping as well as identification of the pathological colon, failing which the paediatric patient may land up in excision of excess or retention of the anomalous colon segment resulting in co-morbid situations. Therefore, there exists a pressing demand for the development of rapid and efficient technologies which can reduce the burden on paediatric surgeons in identifying the pathological colon. Considering the absence of such next-generation technologies in the market, the current review briefly highlights the conventional methodologies for managing Hirschsprung's disease as well as the pivotal role futuristic nanotechnology-enabled electroanalytical biosensing strategies can play towards the early detection of this potentially deadly complication, for enhanced patient outcomes.

The adoption of non-invasive smart implants is inevitable due to recent technological advancements in smart implants and the increasing demand to provide pervasive and personalized care. The integration of non-invasive smart implants presents unprecedented opportunities for effective disease prevention, real-time health data collection, early detection of diseases, real-time monitoring of chronic diseases, virtual patient care, patient-tailored treatment, and minimally invasive management of diseases. Even though the research work in this area is nascent, this study presents the potential benefits and use of non-invasive smart implants in healthcare while reflecting on the potential challenges and limitations of their utilization. With current technological advancements, the adoption of non-invasive smart implants is regaining momentum in managing chronic conditions and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment; orthopedic surgery, dental surgery; and managing and remotely monitoring infectious diseases such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the full adoption and utilization of non-invasive smart implants still encounter barriers such as lack of policies and frameworks regulating their use, limited memory space, health consequences and implants' failure, clinical challenges, health hazards imposed by non-invasive smart implants, health data security, and privacy risks. Therefore, there is a need for robust security and privacy measures as well as the formulation of policies guiding the development and use of non-invasive smart implants. With the gained experience from smart implants, the next generation of non-invasive smart implants may include sophisticated modern computational techniques that can analyze health data and suggest adequate therapeutic actions.

Incorporating and drawing analogies from natural systems has always been an important consideration for designers, however owing to the complexity involved in the natural systems, mimicking natural systems and developing systems with conventional technologies is difficult. With the advent of additive manufacturing and its intrinsic nature, the technology of additive manufacturing can be employed for developing 3D-printed parts. The current paper is structured in a manner to focus on how biomimetics can be better augmented with the design of various engineering systems. A section will highlight the various types of natural systems which can help improve the design process. A special discussion on the various application areas of biomimetics such as architecture, biomedical, aerospace has also been included. A systematic literature review of the work carried out in the area of 3D printing and biomimetics is also presented in this chapter. Few applications namely biomimetic sniffing, biomimetic shark skin, and biomimetic lotus root are profoundly discussed. The paper ends with the challenges associated with the current technologies, economic aspects, and future recommendations.

The present investigation envisages for plant mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs (ZNPs) by green combustion route using eco-friendly LCL (Lantana Camara Leaf) Extract. The optical and structural characterizations of ZNPs was studied by spectral techniques; PXRD (Powder X-ray diffraction) study confirms the phase formation and crystalline nature of NPs with its average particle size found to be 35 ​nm The internal morphology of synthesized NPs comprises noticeable pores, voids and agglomeration obtained by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) technique. TGA-DTA (Thermogravimetric-Differential Thermal Analysis) analysis reveals the changes in physico-chemical properties of ZNPs by the effect of temperature. The electrochemical reaction measurements of ZNPs-graphite paste electrode in a 3-electrode system using 1 ​M HCl solution was conducted by CV (Cyclic Voltametric) and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) techniques in the different scan rates 0.01–0.05 ​V/s. Further, the corrosion inhibition activities of ZNPs were examined on mild steel (MS) in 1 ​M HCl solution by electrochemical spectral studies (CV & EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurements. The antimicrobial potential of ZNPs was discussed in detail in contrast to gram positive (Micrococcus luteus) and gram negative (P.auruginosa) bacterial strains by the zone of inhibition concept using disc diffusion technique.

In the era of advancement and progressive fourth industrial revolution culture, the demand of advanced and smart engineering materials has been increased. In this way, shape memory alloys are an excellent choice for industrial applications such as orthopedic implacers, actuators, micro-tools, fitting and screening elements, aircraft component components, military instruments, fabricating elements, and bio-medical devices, among others. This paper has been aimed to attempt the machine learning (ML) algorithms-based optimization of the different process inputs in electrical discharge machining of Cu-based shape memory alloy. The current study focused on study the behavior of response parameters along with the variation in machining input parameters The considered process input factors are namely as; pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), and gap voltage (GV) and their effects were studied on dimensional deviation (DD) and tool wear rate (TWR). The central composite design matrix has been employed for planning the main runs. The 2-D and 3-D graphs represents the behavior of the response parameters along with variations in the machining inputs. The novelty of the work is machining of Cu-based Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in EDM operations and optimization of parameters using Machine Learning techniques. Furthermore, machine learning based, single and multi-objective optimization of investigated responses were conducted using the desirability approach, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Teacher Learning based Optimization (TLBO) techniques. The parametric combination attained for optimization of multiple responses (TWR and DD) is: Ton ​= ​90.10 ​μs, Toff ​= ​149.69 ​μs, Ip ​= ​24.59 A & GV ​= ​60 ​V; Ton ​= ​255 ​μs, Toff ​= ​15 ​μs, Ip ​= ​50 A & GV ​= ​15 ​V; Ton ​= ​255 ​μs, Toff ​= ​15 ​μs, Ip ​= ​50 A & GV ​= ​15 ​V, using desirability approach, GA method and TLBO method, respectively.

Production of compatible nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications is a crucial requirement of today’s research advancements. Furthermore, using environmentally acceptable technologies to create biocompatible and less toxic NPs is a significant win. Medical implants, photodynamic treatment, medicinal delivery, bio-sensing, and antimicrobial agents have all been thoroughly investigated using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) NPs. In this study, extracts of Leechai kottai keerai (Pisonia grandis) were employed for the first time in the phytosynthesis of TiO₂ NPs. XRD, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FT-IR, FE-SEM, with EDAX analyses were used to characterize the NPs, which are confirmed their formation, shape, crystallinity, and size. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized TiO₂ NPs against microbial pathogens was investigated by well diffusion method. MTT and NRU assays were used to examine the cytotoxicity. Methylene blue dye was explored for its photocatalytic properties. The phytosynthesized TiO₂ NPs with an average size of 34 ​nm displayed exceptional antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, as demonstrated by MTT and NUR assessments of SaOS-2 ​cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 80.6 and 38.4 ​g/mL, accordingly. Overall results shows that the synthesized TiO₂ NPs degrading efficiency, cell viability, and zone inhibition layer show that they have been a promising choice for environmental and biological applications.

A major threat that has surrounded human civilization since the beginning of the year 2020 is the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and significantly affected populations globally, causing medical and economic despair. Healthcare chains across the globe have been under grave stress owing to shortages of medical equipments necessary to address a pandemic. Furthermore, personal protective equipment supplies, mandatory for healthcare staff for treating severely ill patients, have been in short supply. To address the necessary requisites during the pandemic, several researchers, hospitals, and industries collaborated to meet the demand for these medical equipments in an economically viable manner. In this context, 3D printing technologies have provided enormous potential in creating personalized healthcare equipment, including face masks, face shields, rapid detection kits, testing swabs, biosensors, and various ventilator components. This has been made possible by capitalizing on centralized large-scale manufacturing using 3D printing and local distribution of verified and tested computer-aided design files. The primary focus of this study is, “How 3D printing is helpful in developing these equipments, and how it can be helpful in the development and deployment of various sensing and point-of-care-testing (POCTs) devices for the commercialization?” Further, the present study also takes care of patient safety by implementing novel 3D printed health equipment used for COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the study helps identify and highlight the efforts made by various organizations toward the usage of 3D printing technologies, which are helpful in combating the ongoing pandemic.