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Fast micrometer resolution magneto-optical viscosity measurements with hard magnetic nanoplatelets 快速微米分辨率磁光粘度测量与硬磁性纳米片
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100337
Artem Eliseev , Vladimir Korolev , Evgeny Anokhin , Andrei Chumakov , Alexander Vasiliev , Lev Trusov , Pavel Kazin , Andrei Eliseev
The paper reports on the application of hard magnetic nanoplatelets for direct local dynamic viscosity evaluation in liquids through their drag-hindered rotation after a magnetic field. Strontium hexaferrite, SrFe12O19 nanoplatelets with a diameter of 50 nm and a thickness of 5 nm were employed as nanoscale probes. The dynamics of nanoplatelets is investigated with AC magnetometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, and optical absorption/reflectance spectroscopy. Those reveal well-defined relation of drag force and phase lag tangent for platelets rotation under AC magnetization with the viscosity of the medium. The analytical quantitative description for magneto-optical response is provided and utilized successfully for independent viscosity evaluation of various liquids within the viscosity range of 0.5–1000 mPa∙s. The nanoscale size of the probes also enabled viscosity visualization with micrometer resolution in microchannels.
本文报道了硬磁性纳米片在磁场作用下通过阻阻旋转直接评价液体局部动态粘度的应用。采用直径为50 nm、厚度为5 nm的六铁体锶、SrFe12O19纳米薄片作为纳米探针。用交流磁强计、小角x射线散射和光学吸收/反射光谱法研究了纳米血小板的动力学。这些结果表明,在交流磁化条件下,血小板旋转的阻力和相位滞后切线与介质粘度有明确的关系。提供了磁光响应的分析定量描述,并成功地用于粘度范围为0.5-1000 mPa∙s的各种液体的独立粘度评估。探针的纳米级尺寸还可以在微通道中以微米级分辨率显示粘度。
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引用次数: 0
Modify a dual ridge horn antenna for drone jamming applications 修改双脊喇叭天线用于无人机干扰应用
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100334
Alaa Hussein Hilal, Ahmed Hameed Reja, Mohammed J. Mohammed
In the last decade, the number of drones has been increasing and becoming cheaper relative to the damage they can cause, threatening airports, transportation, and military applications. Jamming on drones is becoming more and more significant. Handheld anti-drone jammer antennas require high-gain directivity beam patterns with narrow half-power beam widths (HPBW) while also covering multiple frequency bands that are used by drones. This work has modified the proposed multiband gain and enhanced the narrow beam utilized by the Dual Ridge Horn Antenna (DRHA) to meet the requirements of drone jamming systems. The proposed antenna can cover GPS L1, 2.45 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. This work presents a DRHA developed utilizing CST Studio and optimized by using genetic algorithm optimization (GA) that has been employed to improve parameters that enhance selected frequencies. One of the standout features of this design is the incorporation of a dielectric microwave lens, which significantly improved the antenna factor This lens has been inventively crafted using three dielectric constant, ɛr 2.1, 4, and 4.2 at three different diameters 11 cm, 7 cm and 4 cm as well as different thickness 0.9 cm, 1.3 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. According to impressive simulations the reflection coefficient has been improved from 12.13 dB to an incredible 19.7 dB at 2.45 GHz. Regarding to the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) outcomes the practical design improved from 8.25 dB to 18.8 dB which reflecting a remarkable enhancement of 43.88% after integrating the dielectric lens. The final dimensions of the fabricated antenna, including the feed section, have been defined as (3.65λ ×2λ ×2λ), aligning excellently with relevant works. Finally, the practical design is an agreement match with simulation results, and the measured peak gain is 7.92 dB at 1.575 GHz, 10.9 dB at 2.45 GHz and 15 dB at 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna would be suitable for use in a portable handheld jamming system on drones.
在过去的十年里,无人机的数量一直在增加,相对于它们可能造成的破坏,它们变得越来越便宜,威胁着机场、交通和军事应用。对无人机的干扰变得越来越重要。手持式反无人机干扰天线需要具有窄半功率波束宽度(HPBW)的高增益指向性波束模式,同时还覆盖无人机使用的多个频段。为了满足无人机干扰系统的要求,修改了所提出的多波段增益,增强了双脊喇叭天线(DRHA)利用的窄波束。该天线可覆盖GPS L1、2.45 GHz和5.8 GHz。这项工作提出了一个利用CST Studio开发的DRHA,并通过使用遗传算法优化(GA)进行优化,该算法已被用于改进参数,以增强所选频率。该设计的突出特点之一是加入了一个介电微波透镜,显著提高了天线系数。该透镜采用了三个介电常数,分别为2.1、4和4.2,分别适用于三种不同的直径(11厘米、7厘米和4厘米)以及不同的厚度(0.9厘米、1.3厘米和1.5厘米)。根据令人印象深刻的模拟,在2.45 GHz时,反射系数从- 12.13 dB提高到令人难以置信的- 19.7 dB。对于矢量网络分析仪(VNA)的结果,实际设计从- 8.25 dB提高到- 18.8 dB,在集成介质透镜后,提高了43.88%。制作天线的最终尺寸,包括馈电部分,已被定义为(3.65λ ×2λ ×2λ),与相关作品非常一致。实际设计结果与仿真结果吻合较好,测得1.575 GHz时的峰值增益为7.92 dB, 2.45 GHz时的峰值增益为10.9 dB, 5.8 GHz时的峰值增益为15 dB。所提出的天线将适用于无人机上的便携式手持干扰系统。
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引用次数: 0
Nanosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection based on a selective growth-regulating mechanism 基于选择性生长调节机制的癌胚抗原(CEA)检测纳米传感器
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100344
Johan A. Farfán, Mary Licuona, Betty C. Galarreta, Yulán Hernández
Nanomaterial-based biosensors provide high sensitivity and versatility for the detection of target analytes. Particularly, gold nanomaterials are widely employed as signal transducers due to their unique plasmonic properties. When functionalized with aptamers, these nanostructures gain enhanced selectivity, rapid response capability, and cost-effectiveness. However, the instability of large gold nanoparticles can hinder the exploration of various shapes and sizes.
In this research, two different types of nanoparticles were used for the development of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumoral biomarker for colorectal cancer, nanosensor. It was proposed a system based on gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) functionalized with the amphiphilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (AuNT@PVP) and a hairpin-shaped aptamer selective to CEA biotinylated at the 3′ end and thiolated at the 5′ end (AuNT@PVP@Apt). Specific recognition process was optimized expecting that CEA would trigger the unfolding of the hairpin structure, exposing biotin moieties that enabled subsequent binding of streptavidin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP@Strept, 3–5 nm in diameter). However, when analyzing the optical changes observed by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and its correlation with the concentration of CEA, it was observed that the main mechanism involved in the detection was a selective growth mechanism of AuNPs, leading to a really simple and easy way of detecting CEA. The results obtained in this study highlight the intricacies of developing such nanosensors and introduce a novel detection method based on a selective growth mechanism that can be further used for detection.
基于纳米材料的生物传感器为目标分析物的检测提供了高灵敏度和多功能性。特别是,金纳米材料由于其独特的等离子体特性而被广泛应用于信号换能器。当与适体功能化时,这些纳米结构获得了增强的选择性,快速反应能力和成本效益。然而,大型金纳米颗粒的不稳定性会阻碍对各种形状和尺寸的探索。在这项研究中,两种不同类型的纳米颗粒被用于发展癌胚抗原(CEA),结直肠癌的肿瘤生物标志物,纳米传感器。提出了一种基于两亲性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(AuNT@PVP)功能化的金纳米三角形(AuNTs)和一个3 ‘端选择性CEA生物素化和5 ’端选择性硫代化的发夹形适体(AuNT@PVP@Apt)的体系。特异性识别过程被优化,期望CEA会触发发夹结构的展开,暴露生物素片段,使随后结合链霉亲和素功能化的金纳米颗粒(AuNP@Strept,直径3-5 nm)。然而,在分析UV-Vis-NIR光谱观察到的光学变化及其与CEA浓度的相关性时,发现检测的主要机制是AuNPs的选择性生长机制,这使得检测CEA的方法非常简单易行。本研究的结果强调了开发这种纳米传感器的复杂性,并介绍了一种基于选择性生长机制的新型检测方法,该方法可以进一步用于检测。
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引用次数: 0
KCl-leakage-free reference electrode based on Ag2O–TeO2 glass and Ti 基于Ag2O-TeO2玻璃和Ti的无kcl漏参比电极
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100339
Tadanori Hashimoto , Masato Kano , Kyota Fujioka , Naoki Yasuda , Atsushi Ishihara , Takuhisa Komi , Yuji Nishio
The primary objective of this study was to develop KCl-leakage-free reference electrodes for biomedical, clinical, and food applications, as well as for use in the semiconductor industry. Accordingly, we developed new reference electrodes based on Ag2O–TeO2 glass and Ti, employing Ag2O–TeO2 glass/Ti and Ti/Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel (SUS) configurations in particular. The investigations revealed that the pH sensitivity of 25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti (3 %) was significantly lower than that of 25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS (12 %). Ag7Te4 observed in Ti samples had a higher Te fraction than Ag2Te observed in SUS samples. The stronger reducing ability of Ti compared to Fe in SUS facilitated the reduction of Te4+ ions to Te0, which subsequently reacted with Ag0. This observation supports the hypothesis that the pH sensitivity of Ag7Te4 is lower than that of Ag2Te. Heat treatment of Ti on 25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS resulted in a gray TiO2/Ti layer surrounded by ocher-colored precipitates, including the Ag–Te alloy. Increasing the Ti content in Ti/25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS reduced its pH sensitivity. A 1:2 Ti weight ratio achieved a pH sensitivity of 5 %, similar to 25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti (3 %). Dividing Ti into three sections eliminated the central TiO2/Ti layer, leaving only Ag–Te alloys and TeO2 as the predominant materials. However, this structural modification had no discernible impact on the pH sensitivity. These findings suggest that Ag–Te alloys and TeO2 can act as primary pH-responsive sites, with TiO2/Ti having no significant contribution. Since TeO2 likely has a higher electrical resistivity than Ag–Te alloys, the observed low pH sensitivity results from that of the minor but electrically conductive Ag–Te alloys. Therefore, 25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti is a promising candidate for developing KCl-leakage-free reference electrodes for pH sensors, offering low pH sensitivity.
本研究的主要目的是为生物医学、临床和食品应用以及半导体工业开发无氯化钾泄漏的参考电极。因此,我们开发了基于ag20 - teo2玻璃和Ti的新型参比电极,特别是采用ag20 - teo2玻璃/Ti和Ti/ ag20 - teo2玻璃/不锈钢(SUS)结构。结果表明,25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti(3%)溶液的pH敏感性显著低于25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS(12%)溶液。Ti样品中Ag7Te4的Te分数高于SUS样品中Ag2Te的Te分数。与Fe相比,Ti在SUS中的还原能力更强,有利于Te4+离子还原为Te0, Te0随后与Ag0反应。这一观察结果支持了Ag7Te4的pH敏感性低于Ag2Te的假设。对Ti - 25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS进行热处理,形成一层灰色的TiO2/Ti层,周围包裹着赭色的沉淀物,其中包括Ag-Te合金。随着Ti/25Ag2O·75TeO2/SUS中Ti含量的增加,其pH敏感性降低。在1:2 Ti质量比下,pH敏感性为5%,与25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti(3%)相似。将Ti分成三部分,消除了中间的TiO2/Ti层,只留下Ag-Te合金和TeO2作为主要材料。然而,这种结构修饰对pH敏感性没有明显的影响。这些发现表明Ag-Te合金和TeO2可以作为主要的ph响应位点,而TiO2/Ti没有显著的贡献。由于TeO2可能比Ag-Te合金具有更高的电阻率,因此观察到的低pH敏感性是由较小但导电的Ag-Te合金引起的。因此,25Ag2O·75TeO2/Ti具有较低的pH灵敏度,是开发无kcl泄漏pH传感器参考电极的有希望的候选材料。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical model for DG-AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT for sensitive analysis of pH analytes and charged biomolecules 用于灵敏分析 pH 值分析物和带电生物分子的 DG-AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT 分析模型
Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100312
P. Sriramani , N. Mohankumar , Lignesh Durai , Y. Prasamsha , Nitin Rakesh
This article introduces an analytical model for double-gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensors to accurately detect pH analytes and charged biomolecules. The device incorporates nanocavities and operates on the concept of dielectric modulation, presuming the presence of a native oxide layer on the surface of the AlGaN layer. The pH of the analyte is represented as the interface charge. Numerical simulations evaluate the biosensor's effectiveness by analyzing its sensitivity to drain ON current (SI) and threshold voltage (SV). The device exhibited a peak SV of 586.5 mV, a value tenfold more significant than the Nernst limit for pH analyte. The maximum SI, computed at the peak transconductance, was determined to be 135.5 mA/mm/pH at VG = −2V and VD = 5V. The biosensor response to a charged biomolecule is assessed by considering the dielectric constant and charge density (ρ). The biosensor exhibited a maximum SI of 0.225 at VD = 5V and VG = −1V and SV of 1.488V for charged biomolecule at ρ = 1 × 1012/cm2. The impact of the bias voltages, ion molar concentration of pH analyte, AlGaN layer thickness and cavity length on the SI of the device is explored in detail. The SI for pH analytes is unaffected by the AlGaN layer thickness but enhanced with ion molar concentration and cavity length. However, for charged biomolecules, SI decreased with increased AlGaN layer thickness and improved with cavity length.
本文介绍了双栅 AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT 生物传感器的分析模型,以准确检测 pH 值分析物和带电生物分子。该器件结合了纳米腔体,根据介电调制的概念运行,假定 AlGaN 层表面存在原生氧化物层。分析物的 pH 值表示为界面电荷。数值模拟通过分析生物传感器对漏极导通电流(SI)和阈值电压(SV)的灵敏度来评估其有效性。该器件的 SV 峰值为 586.5 mV,比 pH 值分析物的 Nernst 极限值高出十倍。在 VG = -2V 和 VD = 5V 时,根据峰值跨导计算得出的最大 SI 为 135.5 mA/mm/pH。生物传感器对带电生物分子的响应是通过考虑介电常数和电荷密度(ρ)来评估的。当 VD = 5V 和 VG = -1V 时,生物传感器对带电生物分子的最大 SI 值为 0.225;当 ρ = 1 × 1012/cm2 时,生物传感器对带电生物分子的最大 SV 值为 1.488V。我们详细探讨了偏置电压、pH 值分析物的离子摩尔浓度、AlGaN 层厚度和空腔长度对器件 SI 的影响。pH 值分析物的 SI 不受 AlGaN 层厚度的影响,但随着离子摩尔浓度和空腔长度的增加而增强。然而,对于带电的生物分子,SI 随 AlGaN 层厚度的增加而降低,但随空腔长度的增加而提高。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication of a non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical sensor based on a BiOBr-CuO nanocomposite for detecting Glucose and Tetracycline 基于 BiOBr-CuO 纳米复合材料制作用于检测葡萄糖和四环素的非酶光电化学传感器
Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100310
AnnieCanisius D , Joselene Suzan Jennifer P , Joe Raja Ruban M , Davis Varghese , Gladys Joysi M , Muthupandi S , Madhavan J , Victor Antony Raj M , Saravanan Muthupandian
In this study, we developed a non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical sensor using a BiOBr-CuO (BiCu) electrode, which was synthesized via solvothermal method. The sensor was designed for the simultaneous detection of glucose and tetracycline. Our study revealed that the BiCu electrode exhibited superior photocurrent generation compared to the individual BiOBr and CuO electrodes, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric studies. The BiCu electrode's performance has increased due to the formation of a heterojunction between CuO and BiOBr, which modifies the UV–visible DRS spectrum and generates an internal electric field that reduces the recombination of the photogenerated carriers. This enhanced the capability of the sensor to detect both glucose and tetracycline. We successfully applied the proposed photoelectrochemical sensor to detect human blood glucose level. The sensitivity and detection limit for glucose and tetracycline are 0.1342 mAmM−1cm−2, 0.014 mM and 1.7234 mAmM−1cm−2, 2.0 μM respectively. Thus, the fabricated electrode demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity, high selectivity, good reproducibility, wide linear detection range, low limit of detection,long-term stability, ease of synthesis, good stability and notable selectivity for detecting both glucose and tetracycline This suggests that the BiCu electrode has significant potential as a reliable platform for the detection of glucose and tetracycline.
在这项研究中,我们利用通过溶热法合成的 BiOBr-CuO(BiCu)电极开发了一种非酶促性光电化学传感器。该传感器设计用于同时检测葡萄糖和四环素。我们的研究表明,与单独的 BiOBr 和 CuO 电极相比,BiCu 电极能产生更优越的光电流,这一点已在循环伏安法和安培法研究中得到证实。由于 CuO 和 BiOBr 之间形成了异质结,从而改变了紫外可见 DRS 光谱,并产生了内部电场,减少了光生载流子的重组,因此 BiCu 电极的性能得到了提高。这增强了传感器检测葡萄糖和四环素的能力。我们成功地将所提出的光电化学传感器用于检测人体血糖水平。葡萄糖和四环素的灵敏度和检测限分别为 0.1342 mAmM-1cm-2, 0.014 mM 和 1.7234 mAmM-1cm-2, 2.0 μM。因此,所制备的电极在葡萄糖和四环素的检测中表现出了卓越的催化活性、高选择性、良好的重现性、宽线性检测范围、低检测限、长期稳定性、易合成性、良好的稳定性和显著的选择性。
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引用次数: 0
A portable easy-to-use triboelectric sensor for arteriovenous fistula monitoring in dialysis patients 用于监测透析患者动静脉瘘的便携式易用三电导传感器
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100309
Salvatore A. Pullano , Giuseppe Oliva , Pierangela Presta , Nazareno Carullo , Michela Musolino , Michele Andreucci , Davide Bolignano , Antonino S. Fiorillo , Giuseppe Coppolino
Hemodialysis is the primary treatment for patients with total loss of renal function and is performed through a vascular access called an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVF can be associated with several complications, such as stenosis, thrombosis, and aneurysms. While digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for AVF monitoring, its limited availability, invasiveness, and harmfulness has enabled Doppler ultrasound (DUS) as alternative technique. Herein, the development of a portable device based on a triboelectric sensor for AVF monitoring that exploits the concept of impedance cardiography (ICG) is presented. The triboelectric sensor consists of a thin polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer placed close to the AVF to evaluate the triboelectric ICG signal (T-ICG), thus avoiding the need for standard multiple-electrode equipment. Electrocardiographic (ECG) dry electrodes based on a composite of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated. Concept validation was performed in a cohort of hemodialysis patients with and without AVF stenosis. The results demonstrated a linear dependence between blood flow and the maximum deviation (dZ/dtmax) of the T-ICG pattern. Patients with stenosis showed a statistically significant change in morphology at the B-point. The extent of stenosis was evaluated by analyzing the temporal slope of the ICG pattern in the B- and C-point regions, evidencing a linear trend for stenosis from 20 % up to 60 %. The proposed device represents an innovative approach compared with the gold clinical standards for the continuous monitoring of AVF in hemodialysis patients.
血液透析是治疗完全丧失肾功能患者的主要方法,通过一种叫做动静脉瘘(AVF)的血管通路进行。动静脉瘘可能伴有多种并发症,如狭窄、血栓和动脉瘤。虽然数字减影血管造影术(DSA)是监测动静脉瘘的黄金标准,但由于其有限性、侵入性和有害性,多普勒超声(DUS)已成为替代技术。本文介绍了利用阻抗心动图(ICG)概念开发的用于动静脉瘘监测的基于三电传感器的便携式设备。三电传感器由靠近动静脉导管的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)薄层组成,用于评估三电 ICG 信号(T-ICG),从而避免了使用标准的多电极设备。基于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料的心电图(ECG)干电极已制作完成。在一组有和没有动静脉瘘狭窄的血液透析患者中进行了概念验证。结果表明,血流量与 T-ICG 模式的最大偏差(dZ/dtmax)呈线性关系。有狭窄的患者在 B 点的形态变化具有统计学意义。通过分析 B 点和 C 点区域 ICG 图形的时间斜率,可以评估血管狭窄的程度。与连续监测血液透析患者动静脉瘘的黄金临床标准相比,该设备是一种创新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor detection of ascorbic and uric acid using novel plant extract green synthesis of CaO nanoparticles 利用新型植物提取物绿色合成氧化钙纳米粒子,实现抗坏血酸和尿酸的光催化和电化学传感器检测
Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100308
M.N. Somashekar , M. Dhanalakshmi , T.S. Nagamani , T. Subhas Chandra , T.M. Sharanakumar , C.R. Ravikumar
In the present work, a novel fuel made from the leaves of the Gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) plant is used to produce calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in an eco-friendly manner. The results of the PXRD experiments, the average crystallite size for CaO NPs is 38 nm, which is consistent with the findings of the TEM. As per DRS investigation, the energy gap of CaONPs is 3.253 eV. Fast Blue (FB) and Fast Orange (FO) dye photodegradation was effectively enhanced by the plant-mediated CaO NPs under UV-light irradiation, showing high efficiency within 120 min. The CaO demonstrated remarkable photodegradation process against the FO and FB dyes under UV light, with rates of 79.52 % and 61.43 % after 120 min. CaO NPs' electrochemical characteristics were ascertained using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) dipped in a 0.1N HCl solution. In cyclic voltammetry evaluation, the green CaO NPs showed greater sensitivity at various scan rates. Ascorbic acid and uric acid were finally shown to have exceptional redox reaction and ascorbic acid and uric acid detection capabilities when they were used as analytes.
本研究利用积雪草叶制成的新型燃料,以环保的方式生产氧化钙纳米粒子(CaO NPs)。PXRD 实验结果表明,CaO NPs 的平均结晶尺寸为 38 nm,这与 TEM 的结果一致。根据 DRS 调查,CaONPs 的能隙为 3.253 eV。在紫外光照射下,植物介导的 CaO NPs 有效地增强了快蓝(FB)和快橙(FO)染料的光降解,在 120 分钟内显示出很高的效率。在紫外光下,CaO 对 FO 和 FB 染料的光降解效果显著,120 分钟后的降解率分别为 79.52% 和 61.43%。使用浸在 0.1N HCl 溶液中的碳浆电极(CPE)确定了 CaO NPs 的电化学特性。在循环伏安法评估中,绿色 CaO NPs 在各种扫描速率下都表现出更高的灵敏度。抗坏血酸和尿酸最终被证明具有优异的氧化还原反应以及抗坏血酸和尿酸检测能力。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-channel infrared OPO lidar optical system for remote sensing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: Design and characteristics 用于大气温室气体遥感的双通道红外 OPO 激光雷达光学系统:设计与特点
Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100307
S.A. Sadovnikov, S.V. Yakovlev, N.S. Kravtsova, O.A. Romanovskii, D.A. Tuzhilkin
Current global warming and climate change under the greenhouse effect call for a thorough understanding of the spatial distribution of greenhouse gases in different atmospheric layers. Lidar systems are the most effective for remote greenhouse gas monitoring. We design a two-channel infrared OPO lidar optical system for remote DIAL/DOAS sensing of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere. In this work, optimal geometric parameters of the transceiving channel of the lidar optical system are chosen, a need to focus laser radiation at a distance of 1 km from an observation point is demonstrated, and numerical simulations confirm the possibility of detecting lidar signals ranging from 10−7 to 10−10 W in the informative spectral range 4800–5100 cm−1 (1960–2083 nm). Laboratory experiments with the main components of the lidar system with experimentally confirmed parameters, which simulate atmospheric measurements of CO2 absorption at a calibrated sensing wavelength of 2005 nm (4987 cm−1) (pressure of 1 atm; CO2 concentration corresponding to the midlatitude summer background atmosphere) in the informative spectral range of the lidar system, enable selecting a pair of wavelengths with resonant absorption of the target gas near 2005 nm to study the background state of the atmosphere in the surface layer. Efficiency of the lidar optical system is confirmed by in situ test experiments, where backscattering signals from a topographic target with an albedo of ∼0.15 spaced 168 m apart from an observer are recorded at 60 mV when operating along a horizontal atmospheric path. The lidar system we design can be used in measuring complexes at carbon test sites. It can also be used for atmospheric monitoring in industrial centers, at background measuring stations, and in swamp areas.
当前全球变暖和温室效应下的气候变化要求我们全面了解不同大气层中温室气体的空间分布。激光雷达系统是最有效的温室气体远程监测系统。我们设计了一种双通道红外 OPO 激光雷达光学系统,用于远程 DIAL/DOAS 大气二氧化碳和水蒸气传感。在这项工作中,我们选择了激光雷达光学系统收发通道的最佳几何参数,论证了在距离观测点 1 千米处聚焦激光辐射的必要性,并通过数值模拟证实了在 4800-5100 厘米-1(1960-2083 纳米)的信息光谱范围内探测到 10-7 到 10-10 瓦激光雷达信号的可能性。在激光雷达系统的信息光谱范围内,用激光雷达系统的主要部件和经实验确认的参数进行了实验室实验,模拟了在 2005 nm(4987 cm-1)校准传感波长(压力为 1 atm;二氧化碳浓度相当于中纬度夏季背景大气)处对二氧化碳吸收的大气测量,从而能够选择 2005 nm 附近目标气体共振吸收的一对波长来研究表层大气的背景状态。激光雷达光学系统的效率在现场测试实验中得到了证实,当沿水平大气路径运行时,来自反照率为 0.15 的地形目标的后向散射信号在 60 mV 的电压下被记录下来,目标与观测者之间的距离为 168 m。我们设计的激光雷达系统可用于测量碳试验场的复合体。它还可用于工业中心、背景测量站和沼泽地区的大气监测。
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引用次数: 0
Flange joint monitoring based on strain measurement with fiber optic sensors embedded in gaskets 利用嵌入垫片的光纤传感器进行应变测量,从而实现法兰接头监测
Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100306
Valerii Matveenko, Andrey Fedorov, Grigorii Serovaev, Elizaveta Galkina, Elizaveta Vindokurova
The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using numerical simulation to select parameters of the system for monitoring the deformation behavior of structures. Consideration is given to a bolted flange connection with a gasket, the performance of which is determined by the level of bolt tightening. Bolt tension control technique is based on the strain measurement with fiber optic sensors embedded in the gasket. The results of numerical modeling of deformation for different variants of bolt tensioning are discussed. Strain measurement in the gasket by means of distributed fiber-optic sensors on the basis of Rayleigh scattering is carried out taking into account the results of numerical simulation. Another type of fiber optic sensors that is based on the Bragg gratings is used to implement additional control of the results of measurement. An algorithm to realize strain measurement by two types of sensors located on the same optic fiber is proposed. The results of experimental strain measurements demonstrate that fiber optic sensors can be used to detect changes in bolt tensioning, which can cause failure of a flange joint.
本文展示了使用数值模拟来选择系统参数以监测结构变形行为的有效性。本文考虑了带垫片的螺栓法兰连接,其性能由螺栓的紧固程度决定。螺栓张力控制技术基于嵌入垫片中的光纤传感器进行应变测量。文中讨论了螺栓张紧不同变量的变形数值建模结果。根据数值模拟的结果,通过分布式光纤传感器在瑞利散射的基础上测量垫片中的应变。另一种基于布拉格光栅的光纤传感器用于对测量结果进行额外控制。此外,还提出了通过位于同一根光纤上的两种传感器实现应变测量的算法。应变测量的实验结果表明,光纤传感器可用于检测螺栓张力的变化,而螺栓张力的变化可导致法兰连接失效。
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引用次数: 0
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Sensors International
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