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Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B causes HDL-C abnormalities in patients and statin-resistant muscle wasting in dysferlin-deficient mice. 2B型肢带性肌营养不良症导致患者HDL-C异常,并导致异ferlin缺乏小鼠出现他汀类药物抵抗性肌肉萎缩。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00308-6
Zoe White, Zeren Sun, Elodie Sauge, Dan Cox, Graham Donen, Dmitri Pechkovsky, Volker Straub, Gordon A Francis, Pascal Bernatchez

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (MD) type 2B (LGMD2B) and Duchenne MD (DMD) are caused by mutations to the Dysferlin and Dystrophin genes, respectively. We have recently demonstrated in typically mild dysferlin- and dystrophin-deficient mouse models that increased plasma cholesterol levels severely exacerbate muscle wasting, and that DMD patients display primary dyslipidemia characterized by elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Herein, we investigate lipoprotein abnormalities in LGMD2B and if statin therapy protects dysferlin-deficient mice (Dysf) from muscle damage. Herein, lipoproteins and liver enzymes from LGMD2B patients and dysferlin-null (Dysf) mice were analyzed. Simvastatin, which exhibits anti-muscle wasting effects in mouse models of DMD and corrects aberrant expression of key markers of lipid metabolism and endogenous cholesterol synthesis, was tested in Dysf mice. Muscle damage and fibrosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry and cholesterol signalling pathways via Western blot. LGMD2B patients show reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to healthy controls and exhibit a greater prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol (CHOL)/HDL-C ratios despite an absence of liver dysfunction. While Dysf mice presented with reduced CHOL and associated HDL-C and LDL-C-associated fractions, simvastatin treatment did not prevent muscle wasting in quadriceps and triceps muscle groups or correct aberrant low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) protein expression. LGMD2B patients present with reduced serum concentrations of HDL-C, a major metabolic comorbidity, and as a result, statin therapy is unlikely to prevent muscle wasting in this population. We propose that like DMD, LGMD2B should be considered as a new type of genetic dyslipidemia.

四肢带状肌营养不良(MD) 2B型(LGMD2B)和杜氏肌营养不良(DMD)分别是由Dysferlin和Dystrophin基因突变引起的。我们最近在典型的轻度dysferlin和dystrophin缺陷小鼠模型中证明,血浆胆固醇水平升高严重加剧了肌肉萎缩,DMD患者表现出以血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯升高为特征的原发性血脂异常。在这里,我们研究了LGMD2B的脂蛋白异常,以及他汀类药物治疗是否能保护dysferlin缺陷小鼠(Dysf)免受肌肉损伤。本文对LGMD2B患者和dysferlin-null (Dysf)小鼠的脂蛋白和肝酶进行分析。辛伐他汀在DMD小鼠模型中表现出抗肌肉萎缩作用,并纠正脂质代谢和内源性胆固醇合成关键标志物的异常表达,在Dysf小鼠中进行了测试。通过免疫组化和Western blot检测胆固醇信号通路评估肌肉损伤和纤维化。与健康对照相比,LGMD2B患者血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低,尽管没有肝功能障碍,但总胆固醇(CHOL)/HDL-C比率异常的发生率更高。虽然Dysf小鼠表现出CHOL和相关HDL-C和ldl - c相关部分的降低,但辛伐他汀治疗并不能防止股四头肌和三头肌肌肉群的肌肉萎缩,也不能纠正低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)蛋白表达的异常。LGMD2B患者表现为血清HDL-C浓度降低,这是一种主要的代谢合并症,因此,他汀类药物治疗不太可能预防该人群的肌肉萎缩。我们建议与DMD一样,将LGMD2B视为一种新型的遗传性血脂异常。
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引用次数: 3
Prolonged FOS activity disrupts a global myogenic transcriptional program by altering 3D chromatin architecture in primary muscle progenitor cells. 长时间的 FOS 活性通过改变原生肌肉祖细胞的三维染色质结构,破坏了全局性的成肌转录程序。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00303-x
A Rasim Barutcu, Gabriel Elizalde, Alfredo E Gonzalez, Kartik Soni, John L Rinn, Amy J Wagers, Albert E Almada

Background: The AP-1 transcription factor, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS), is induced in adult muscle satellite cells (SCs) within hours following muscle damage and is required for effective stem cell activation and muscle repair. However, why FOS is rapidly downregulated before SCs enter cell cycle as progenitor cells (i.e., transiently expressed) remains unclear. Further, whether boosting FOS levels in the proliferating progeny of SCs can enhance their myogenic properties needs further evaluation.

Methods: We established an inducible, FOS expression system to evaluate the impact of persistent FOS activity in muscle progenitor cells ex vivo. We performed various assays to measure cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as uncover changes in RNA levels and three-dimensional (3D) chromatin interactions.

Results: Persistent FOS activity in primary muscle progenitor cells severely antagonizes their ability to differentiate and form myotubes within the first 2 weeks in culture. RNA-seq analysis revealed that ectopic FOS activity in muscle progenitor cells suppressed a global pro-myogenic transcriptional program, while activating a stress-induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) transcriptional signature. Additionally, we observed various FOS-dependent, chromosomal re-organization events in A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs), and genomic loops near FOS-regulated genes.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated FOS activity in recently activated muscle progenitor cells perturbs cellular differentiation by altering the 3D chromosome organization near critical pro-myogenic genes. This work highlights the crucial importance of tightly controlling FOS expression in the muscle lineage and suggests that in states of chronic stress or disease, persistent FOS activity in muscle precursor cells may disrupt the muscle-forming process.

背景:AP-1转录因子FBJ骨肉瘤癌基因(FOS)在肌肉损伤后数小时内就会在成肌卫星细胞(SCs)中被诱导,是干细胞有效激活和肌肉修复所必需的。然而,为什么FOS会在SCs作为祖细胞进入细胞周期之前迅速下调(即瞬时表达),目前仍不清楚。此外,提高 SCs 增殖祖细胞中的 FOS 水平是否能增强其致肌特性还需要进一步评估:我们建立了一个可诱导的 FOS 表达系统,以评估 FOS 在体内外肌肉祖细胞中持续活性的影响。我们进行了各种实验来测量细胞的增殖和分化,并揭示了 RNA 水平和三维染色质相互作用的变化:结果:原代肌肉祖细胞中持续存在的 FOS 活性严重影响了它们在培养头两周内分化和形成肌管的能力。RNA-seq分析显示,肌肉祖细胞中异位的FOS活性抑制了全局性的促肌肉生成转录程序,同时激活了应激诱导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)转录特征。此外,我们还观察到 FOS 调控基因附近的 A/B 区、拓扑相关域(TAD)和基因组环路中发生了各种依赖 FOS 的染色体重组事件:我们的研究结果表明,最近激活的肌肉祖细胞中升高的 FOS 活性会通过改变关键的促肌肉生成基因附近的三维染色体组织来扰乱细胞分化。这项工作强调了严格控制 FOS 在肌肉系中表达的重要性,并表明在慢性应激或疾病状态下,肌肉前体细胞中持续的 FOS 活性可能会破坏肌肉形成过程。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of age, sex, and exercise on autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle 年龄、性别和运动对骨骼肌自噬、有丝分裂和溶酶体生物发生的影响
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00296-7
Matthew Triolo, Ashley N. Oliveira, Rita Kumari, D. Hood
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引用次数: 3
The Myotube Analyzer: how to assess myogenic features in muscle stem cells 肌管分析仪:如何评估肌肉干细胞的肌源性特征
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00297-6
Noë, Simon, Corvelyn, Marlies, Willems, Sarah, Costamagna, Domiziana, Aerts, Jean-Marie, Van Campenhout, Anja, Desloovere, Kaat
The analysis of in vitro cultures of human adult muscle stem cells obtained from biopsies delineates the potential of skeletal muscles and may help to understand altered muscle morphology in patients. In these analyses, the fusion index is a commonly used quantitative metric to assess the myogenic potency of the muscle stem cells. Since the fusion index only partly describes myogenic potency, we developed the Myotube Analyzer tool, which combines the definition of the fusion index with extra features of myonuclei and myotubes obtained from satellite cell cultures. The software contains image adjustment and mask editing functions for preprocessing and semi-automatic segmentation, while other functions can be used to determine the features of nuclei and myotubes. The fusion index and a set of five novel parameters were tested for reliability and validity in a comparison between satellite cell cultures from children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. These novel parameters quantified extra nucleus and myotube properties and can be used to describe nucleus clustering and myotube shape. Two analyzers who were trained in cell culture defined all parameters using the Myotube Analyzer app. Out of the six parameters, five had good reliability reflected by good intra-class correlation coefficients (> 0.75). Children with cerebral palsy were significantly different from the typically developing children (p < 0.05) for five parameters, and for three of the six parameters, these differences exceeded the minimal detectable differences. The Myotube Analyzer can be used for the analysis of fixed differentiated myoblast cultures with nuclear and MyHC staining. The app can calculate the fusion index, an already existing parameter, but also provides multiple new parameters to comprehensively describe myogenic potential in its output. The raw data used to determine these parameters are also available in the output. The parameters calculated by the tool can be used to detect differences between cultures from children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. Since the program is open source, users can customize it to fit their own analysis requirements.
从活组织检查中获得的成人肌肉干细胞体外培养物的分析描绘了骨骼肌的潜力,并可能有助于理解患者肌肉形态的改变。在这些分析中,融合指数是一种常用的定量指标来评估肌肉干细胞的成肌能力。由于融合指数只能部分描述肌源性,我们开发了肌管分析仪工具,该工具将融合指数的定义与从卫星细胞培养中获得的肌核和肌管的额外特征结合起来。该软件包含图像调整和掩模编辑功能,用于预处理和半自动分割,其他功能可用于确定细胞核和肌管的特征。在脑瘫儿童和正常发育儿童卫星细胞培养的比较中,对融合指数和一组五个新参数进行了可靠性和有效性测试。这些新参数量化了额外核和肌管的特性,并可用于描述核聚类和肌管形状。两名接受过细胞培养训练的分析仪使用Myotube Analyzer应用程序定义了所有参数。在六个参数中,五个具有良好的可靠性,反映了良好的类内相关系数(> 0.75)。脑瘫患儿与正常发育儿童在5个参数上存在显著差异(p < 0.05),其中3个参数的差异超过了可检测的最小差异。肌管分析仪可用于核染色和MyHC染色的固定分化成肌细胞培养物的分析。该应用程序可以计算融合指数,这是一个已经存在的参数,但也提供了多个新参数,以全面描述其输出的肌生成电位。用于确定这些参数的原始数据也可在输出中获得。该工具计算的参数可用于检测脑瘫儿童和正常发育儿童之间的文化差异。由于该程序是开源的,用户可以自定义它以适应自己的分析需求。
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引用次数: 3
Alternative splicing diversifies the skeletal muscle transcriptome during prolonged spaceflight 在长时间的太空飞行中,选择性剪接使骨骼肌转录组多样化
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00294-9
Mason Henrich, Pin Ha, Yuanyuan Wang, K. Ting, L. Stodieck, C. Soo, John S. Adams, R. Chun
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引用次数: 3
Growth differentiation factor 11 induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a STAT3-dependent mechanism in pulmonary arterial hypertension 生长分化因子11在肺动脉高压中通过stat3依赖机制诱导骨骼肌萎缩
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00292-x
Xiang, Guiling, Ying, Kelu, Jiang, Pan, Jia, Mengping, Sun, Yipeng, Li, Shanqun, Wu, Xiaodan, Hao, Shengyu
Skeletal muscle wasting is a clinically remarkable phenotypic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that increases the risk of mortality. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), centrally involved in PAH pathogenesis, has an inhibitory effect on skeletal muscle growth in other conditions. However, whether GDF11 is involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting in PAH remains unknown. We showed that serum GDF11 levels in patients were increased following PAH. Skeletal muscle wasting in the MCT-treated PAH model is accompanied by an increase in circulating GDF11 levels and local catabolic markers (Fbx32, Trim63, Foxo1, and protease activity). In vitro GDF11 activated phosphorylation of STAT3. Antagonizing STAT3, with Stattic, in vitro and in vivo, could partially reverse proteolytic pathways including STAT3/socs3 and iNOS/NO in GDF11-meditated muscle wasting. Our findings demonstrate that GDF11 contributes to muscle wasting and the inhibition of its downstream molecule STAT3 shows promise as a therapeutic intervention by which muscle atrophy may be directly prevented in PAH.
骨骼肌萎缩是肺动脉高压(PAH)的临床显着表型特征,可增加死亡风险。生长分化因子11 (GDF11)在多环芳烃发病机制中起核心作用,在其他情况下对骨骼肌生长有抑制作用。然而,GDF11是否参与PAH骨骼肌萎缩的发病机制尚不清楚。我们发现PAH患者血清GDF11水平升高。mct处理的PAH模型骨骼肌萎缩伴随着循环GDF11水平和局部分解代谢标志物(Fbx32、Trim63、fox01和蛋白酶活性)的增加。在体外,GDF11激活STAT3的磷酸化。体外和体内用Stattic拮抗STAT3,可以部分逆转gdf11介导的肌肉萎缩中STAT3/socs3和iNOS/NO等蛋白水解途径。我们的研究结果表明,GDF11有助于肌肉萎缩,抑制其下游分子STAT3有望作为一种治疗干预措施,通过这种干预措施可以直接预防PAH中的肌肉萎缩。
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引用次数: 3
The Notch signaling network in muscle stem cells during development, homeostasis, and disease 肌肉干细胞发育、体内平衡和疾病过程中的Notch信号网络
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00293-w
Gioftsidi, Stamatia, Relaix, Frederic, Mourikis, Philippos
Skeletal muscle stem cells have a central role in muscle growth and regeneration. They reside as quiescent cells in resting muscle and in response to damage they transiently amplify and fuse to produce new myofibers or self-renew to replenish the stem cell pool. A signaling pathway that is critical in the regulation of all these processes is Notch. Despite the major differences in the anatomical and cellular niches between the embryonic myotome, the adult sarcolemma/basement-membrane interphase, and the regenerating muscle, Notch signaling has evolved to support the context-specific requirements of the muscle cells. In this review, we discuss the diverse ways by which Notch signaling factors and other modifying partners are operating during the lifetime of muscle stem cells to establish an adaptive dynamic network.
骨骼肌干细胞在肌肉生长和再生中起着核心作用。它们以静止细胞的形式存在于静止的肌肉中,作为对损伤的反应,它们短暂地扩增和融合以产生新的肌纤维或自我更新以补充干细胞库。在所有这些过程的调控中起关键作用的信号通路是Notch。尽管胚胎肌瘤、成人肌膜/基底膜间期和再生肌肉在解剖和细胞壁龛上存在重大差异,但Notch信号已经进化到支持肌肉细胞的环境特异性需求。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了Notch信号因子和其他修饰伙伴在肌肉干细胞的生命周期中运作的各种方式,以建立一个自适应的动态网络。
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引用次数: 21
Endurance exercise attenuates juvenile irradiation-induced skeletal muscle functional decline and mitochondrial stress. 耐力锻炼可减轻青少年辐照诱发的骨骼肌功能衰退和线粒体应激。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00291-y
Thomas N O'Connor, Jacob G Kallenbach, Haley M Orciuoli, Nicole D Paris, John F Bachman, Carl J Johnston, Eric Hernady, Jacqueline P Williams, Robert T Dirksen, Joe V Chakkalakal

Background: Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat childhood cancers and can have adverse effects on muscle function, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that endurance exercise following radiation treatment would improve skeletal muscle function.

Methods: We utilized the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to irradiate juvenile male mice with a clinically relevant fractionated dose of 3× (every other day over 5 days) 8.2 Gy X-ray irradiation locally from the knee to footpad region of the right hindlimb. Mice were then singly housed for 1 month in cages equipped with either locked or free-spinning voluntary running wheels. Ex vivo muscle contractile function, RT-qPCR analyses, resting cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) store Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (MitoSOX), and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of muscle samples were conducted to assess the muscle pathology and the relative therapeutic impact of voluntary wheel running (VWR).

Results: Irradiation reduced fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle-specific force by 27% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved muscle-specific force by 37%. Radiation treatment similarly reduced slow-twitch soleus muscle-specific force by 14% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved specific force by 18%. We assessed intracellular Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial homeostasis as potential mechanisms of radiation-induced pathology and exercise-mediated rescue. We found a significant reduction in resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration following irradiation in sedentary mice. Intriguingly, however, SR Ca2+ store content was increased in myofibers from irradiated mice post-VWR compared to mice that remained sedentary. We observed a 73% elevation in the overall protein oxidization in muscle post-irradiation, while VWR reduced protein nitrosylation by 35% and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 50%. Finally, we found that VWR significantly increased the expression of PGC1α at both the transcript and protein levels, consistent with an exercise-dependent increase in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions: Juvenile irradiation stunted muscle development, disrupted proper Ca2+ handling, damaged mitochondria, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, paralleling significant deficits in muscle force production. Exercise mitigated aberrant Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in a manner that correlated with improved skeletal muscle function after radiation.

背景:放疗是治疗儿童癌症的常用方法,会对肌肉功能产生不良影响,但其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。我们假设放疗后进行耐力锻炼可改善骨骼肌功能:方法:我们利用小动物辐射研究平台(SARRP)对幼年雄性小鼠的右后肢膝盖至脚垫部位进行了3×(隔天一次,共5天)8.2 Gy X射线照射,照射剂量与临床相关。然后将小鼠单只饲养在装有锁定式或自由旋转式自主跑步轮的笼子中一个月。对肌肉样本进行体内外肌肉收缩功能、RT-qPCR分析、静息胞浆和肌质网(SR)贮存Ca2+水平、线粒体活性氧水平(MitoSOX)以及免疫组化和生化分析,以评估肌肉病理变化和自主跑步轮(VWR)的相对治疗效果:结果:与未接受辐照的小鼠相比,辐照使快肌腱伸肌(EDL)的肌肉特异性力量降低了27%,而辐照后的自愿车轮跑则使肌肉特异性力量提高了37%。与未接受放射治疗的小鼠相比,放射治疗同样使慢肌比目鱼肌特异性肌力降低了 14%,而接受放射治疗后的 VWR 则使特异性肌力提高了 18%。我们评估了细胞内 Ca2+ 调节、氧化应激和线粒体稳态作为辐射诱导的病理学和运动介导的拯救的潜在机制。我们发现,久坐不动的小鼠在接受辐照后,静息胞质 Ca2+ 浓度明显降低。然而,耐人寻味的是,与久坐不动的小鼠相比,辐照后小鼠VWR肌纤维中SR Ca2+储量增加。我们观察到,辐照后肌肉中的总体蛋白质氧化率提高了 73%,而 VWR 则使蛋白质亚硝基化减少了 35%,线粒体活性氧(ROS)产生减少了 50%。最后,我们发现 VWR 在转录本和蛋白质水平上都显著增加了 PGC1α 的表达,这与线粒体生物生成的运动依赖性增加是一致的:结论:幼年辐照阻碍了肌肉的发育,破坏了正常的 Ca2+ 处理,损伤了线粒体,增加了氧化和亚硝酸应激反应,同时导致肌肉力量生成明显不足。运动缓解了钙离子处理失常、线粒体平衡以及氧化和亚硝酸应激的增加,这与辐射后骨骼肌功能的改善相关。
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引用次数: 0
Functional replacement of myostatin with GDF-11 in the germline of mice GDF-11在小鼠种系中肌生长抑制素的功能替代
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00290-z
Lee, Se-Jin, Lehar, Adam, Rydzik, Renata, Youngstrom, Daniel W., Bhasin, Shalender, Liu, Yewei, Germain-Lee, Emily L.
Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor-ß superfamily member that acts as a major regulator of skeletal muscle mass. GDF-11, which is highly related to MSTN, plays multiple roles during embryonic development, including regulating development of the axial skeleton, kidneys, nervous system, and pancreas. As MSTN and GDF-11 share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity, behave virtually identically in cell culture assays, and utilize similar regulatory and signaling components, a critical question is whether their distinct biological functions result from inherent differences in their abilities to interact with specific regulatory and signaling components or whether their distinct biological functions mainly reflect their differing temporal and spatial patterns of expression. We generated and characterized mice in which we precisely replaced in the germline the portion of the Mstn gene encoding the mature C-terminal peptide with the corresponding region of Gdf11. In mice homozygous for the knock-in allele, all of the circulating MSTN protein was replaced with GDF-11, resulting in ~ 30–40-fold increased levels of circulating GDF-11. Male mice homozygous for the knock-in allele had slightly decreased muscle weights, slightly increased weight gain in response to a high-fat diet, slightly increased plasma cholesterol and HDL levels, and significantly decreased bone density and bone mass, whereas female mice were mostly unaffected. GDF-11 appears to be capable of nearly completely functionally replacing MSTN in the control of muscle mass. The developmental and physiological consequences of replacing MSTN with GDF-11 are strikingly limited.
肌生长抑制素(MSTN)是一种转化生长因子-ß超家族成员,作为骨骼肌质量的主要调节因子。GDF-11与MSTN高度相关,在胚胎发育过程中发挥多种作用,包括调节轴骨、肾脏、神经系统和胰腺的发育。由于MSTN和GDF-11具有高度的氨基酸序列一致性,在细胞培养实验中表现几乎相同,并且利用相似的调控和信号成分,因此一个关键问题是它们不同的生物学功能是由于它们与特定调控和信号成分相互作用能力的内在差异,还是它们不同的生物学功能主要反映了它们不同的时间和空间表达模式。我们用Gdf11的相应区域精确地替换了种系中编码成熟c端肽的Mstn基因部分。在敲入等位基因纯合的小鼠中,所有的循环MSTN蛋白都被GDF-11取代,导致循环GDF-11水平增加约30 - 40倍。纯合子敲入等位基因的雄性小鼠肌肉重量略有减少,高脂肪饮食导致体重增加略有增加,血浆胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白水平略有增加,骨密度和骨量明显下降,而雌性小鼠则基本不受影响。GDF-11似乎能够在控制肌肉质量方面几乎完全取代MSTN。用GDF-11替代MSTN的发育和生理后果非常有限。
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引用次数: 5
ViaFuse: Fiji macros to calculate skeletal muscle cell viability and fusion index. ViaFuse:斐济宏计算骨骼肌细胞活力和融合指数。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00284-3
Emma Rose Hinkle, Tasneem Omar Essader, Gabrielle Marie Gentile, Jimena Giudice

Background: Measuring biological features of skeletal muscle cells is difficult because of their unique morphology and multinucleate nature upon differentiation. Here, we developed a new Fiji macro package called ViaFuse (that stands for viability and fusion) to measure skeletal muscle cell viability and differentiation. To test ViaFuse, we utilized immunofluorescence images of differentiated myotubes where the capping actin protein of muscle z-line subunit beta (CAPZB) was depleted in comparison with control cells.

Results: We compared the values achieved using the ViaFuse macros first with manual quantification performed by researchers and second with those obtained utilizing the MATLAB muscle-centric software MyoCount. We observed a high degree of correlation between all methods of quantification.

Conclusions: ViaFuse can detect the borders of myotubes and identify nuclear clumps which have been limitations of previous muscle-centric imaging software. The ViaFuse macros require little computer power or space to run and user inputs to the ViaFuse macros are minimal, thereby automating the analysis process in a quick, easy, and accurate fashion. Additionally, the ViaFuse macros work with Fiji, an existing imaging software widely used by skeletal muscle researchers. Furthermore, ViaFuse is compatible with many computer systems, has a very intuitive interface, and does not require prior complex mathematical knowledge. Therefore, we propose ViaFuse as a robust and meticulous method to quantify skeletal muscle cell viability and differentiation.

背景:由于骨骼肌细胞在分化过程中具有独特的形态和多核性质,测量骨骼肌细胞的生物学特性是困难的。在这里,我们开发了一个新的斐济宏包称为ViaFuse(代表活力和融合)来测量骨骼肌细胞的活力和分化。为了测试ViaFuse,我们使用了分化肌管的免疫荧光图像,其中与对照细胞相比,肌肉z线亚单位β (CAPZB)的封顶肌动蛋白被耗尽。结果:我们首先将使用ViaFuse宏获得的值与研究人员进行的手动量化进行了比较,然后与使用MATLAB肌肉中心软件MyoCount获得的值进行了比较。我们观察到所有量化方法之间的高度相关性。结论:ViaFuse可以检测肌管边界,识别核团块,这是以往肌肉中心成像软件的局限性。ViaFuse宏需要很少的计算机功率或空间来运行,并且用户对ViaFuse宏的输入最少,从而以快速,简单和准确的方式自动化分析过程。此外,ViaFuse宏与Fiji(骨骼肌研究人员广泛使用的现有成像软件)一起工作。此外,ViaFuse与许多计算机系统兼容,具有非常直观的界面,并且不需要事先具备复杂的数学知识。因此,我们提出ViaFuse作为一种稳健而细致的方法来量化骨骼肌细胞的活力和分化。
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引用次数: 7
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Skeletal Muscle
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