Eleonora Cataldo, Sergio Puccioni, Aleš Eichmeier, Paolo Storchi
Viticultural activity is intrinsically interlocked with climatic fluctuations and awful subjected to soil management. Increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation originate several alterations in the metabolic plant pathway and a depletion in grapes quality. The main aspiration of soil management is to keep and retain a microenvironment that considers all vine requirements to upgrade the balance between vegetative growth and cluster quality intensifying its resilience towards abiotic stress. Aiming to establish match and dissimilar drought stress responses among Sangiovese grapevines, we scouted ecophysiological and biochemical alterations after zeolite and irrigation soil application (combined and/or alone), using as control plants naturally exposed to abiotic stress in a Chianti Classico vineyard. When grapevines were exposed to water stress alone, the main reactions encompassed dwindled leaf midday water potential (Ψleaf) and increased proline content. These were accompanied by augments in zeaxanthin and lutein leaf contents, symptomatic of oxidative stress. Positive metabolic alterations in grapes triggered by zeolite and/or water showed some influence on the ripening of the berry differently depending on the year. They created a situation of resilience in berry avoiding arrest in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway during the warmest season and produced a more balanced maturation, closer to the objectives of the modern producer of classic Chianti (i.e. fresher and less alcoholic wines) during the fresher one. Under severe drought, it was activated the shikimic acid pathway and in stressed vines treatment, (WS) a reduction in malic acid content was found. Sugar and phenolic compounds were enhanced by zeolitic and undrought treatments. A negative effect enkindled by the drought and high temperatures combined with stress was the accumulation of quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (Qrut), quercetin‐3‐O‐galactoside (Qgala), quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Qgluc) and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoronide (Qgluco) in WS treatment. These results summarize that clinoptilolite applied to the soil, both combined with water as well in purity, noteworthy protectorship from more detrimental repercussions of drought‐stressed grapevines, suggesting that new sustainable approaches in soil management are useful for the wellness of vines.
{"title":"Prevention of drought damage through zeolite treatments onVitis vinifera: A promising sustainable solution for soil management","authors":"Eleonora Cataldo, Sergio Puccioni, Aleš Eichmeier, Paolo Storchi","doi":"10.1111/sum.13036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13036","url":null,"abstract":"Viticultural activity is intrinsically interlocked with climatic fluctuations and awful subjected to soil management. Increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation originate several alterations in the metabolic plant pathway and a depletion in grapes quality. The main aspiration of soil management is to keep and retain a microenvironment that considers all vine requirements to upgrade the balance between vegetative growth and cluster quality intensifying its resilience towards abiotic stress. Aiming to establish match and dissimilar drought stress responses among Sangiovese grapevines, we scouted ecophysiological and biochemical alterations after zeolite and irrigation soil application (combined and/or alone), using as control plants naturally exposed to abiotic stress in a Chianti Classico vineyard. When grapevines were exposed to water stress alone, the main reactions encompassed dwindled leaf midday water potential (Ψleaf) and increased proline content. These were accompanied by augments in zeaxanthin and lutein leaf contents, symptomatic of oxidative stress. Positive metabolic alterations in grapes triggered by zeolite and/or water showed some influence on the ripening of the berry differently depending on the year. They created a situation of resilience in berry avoiding arrest in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway during the warmest season and produced a more balanced maturation, closer to the objectives of the modern producer of classic Chianti (i.e. fresher and less alcoholic wines) during the fresher one. Under severe drought, it was activated the shikimic acid pathway and in stressed vines treatment, (WS) a reduction in malic acid content was found. Sugar and phenolic compounds were enhanced by zeolitic and undrought treatments. A negative effect enkindled by the drought and high temperatures combined with stress was the accumulation of quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (Qrut), quercetin‐3‐O‐galactoside (Qgala), quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Qgluc) and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoronide (Qgluco) in WS treatment. These results summarize that clinoptilolite applied to the soil, both combined with water as well in purity, noteworthy protectorship from more detrimental repercussions of drought‐stressed grapevines, suggesting that new sustainable approaches in soil management are useful for the wellness of vines.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding how phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) from animal manure compost contribute to root development is essential for enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency under their combined application. This study aims to determine mechanisms underlying root responses and phosphorus acquisition based on the partially varying available phosphorus levels in root zone soil following WSOM. The plant growth test was performed using a specifically designed pot where the root elongation was guided into the soil of different root compartments with either phosphorus combined with WSOM or single phosphorus or WSOM. The results revealed high levels of available phosphorus in the root zone soil of individual plants in the presence of WSOM induced small root weight. Phosphorus concentrations in the root exhibited a negative correlation with root weight. Improved root structure development even in the presence of WSOM induced to increase uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients in the plant. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was observed between nutrient uptake and aboveground dry weight. These findings provide pioneering experimental evidence demonstrating that root development varies to some extent depending on the level of available phosphorus induced by the combined application of phosphorus and WSOM, even within the root zone soil of individual plants. Given that plant growth varied based on partial root development even when phosphorus and WSOM were combined, this study suggests that implementing appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application while considering the augmented availability of phosphorus via the combined application of animal manure compost can promote root development and nutrient uptake, resulting in improved plant growth.
{"title":"Root response and phosphorus acquisition under partial distribution of phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter","authors":"Yutaro Takahashi, Masahiko Katoh","doi":"10.1111/sum.13038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13038","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how phosphorus and water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) from animal manure compost contribute to root development is essential for enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency under their combined application. This study aims to determine mechanisms underlying root responses and phosphorus acquisition based on the partially varying available phosphorus levels in root zone soil following WSOM. The plant growth test was performed using a specifically designed pot where the root elongation was guided into the soil of different root compartments with either phosphorus combined with WSOM or single phosphorus or WSOM. The results revealed high levels of available phosphorus in the root zone soil of individual plants in the presence of WSOM induced small root weight. Phosphorus concentrations in the root exhibited a negative correlation with root weight. Improved root structure development even in the presence of WSOM induced to increase uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients in the plant. Furthermore, a positive linear relationship was observed between nutrient uptake and aboveground dry weight. These findings provide pioneering experimental evidence demonstrating that root development varies to some extent depending on the level of available phosphorus induced by the combined application of phosphorus and WSOM, even within the root zone soil of individual plants. Given that plant growth varied based on partial root development even when phosphorus and WSOM were combined, this study suggests that implementing appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application while considering the augmented availability of phosphorus via the combined application of animal manure compost can promote root development and nutrient uptake, resulting in improved plant growth.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Romeiro Alves, Dörthe Holthusen, Carina Marchezan, Gustavo Brunetto, Stephan Peth, José Miguel Reichert
The processes involved in deformation, internal strength and stability of soils with long‐term application of fertilizers (organic and inorganic sources) remain poorly investigated and hence understood, particularly in agricultural systems under subtropical climatic conditions. We investigated how long‐term fertilizer management with organic and inorganic amendments in no‐till crops affects the microstructural stability of a sandy Alfisol under oscillatory shear. The study was conducted in southern Brazil on a 17‐year completely randomized block experiment with five fertilizer treatments: pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS), pig deep litter (PDL), mineral fertilizer (MF) and control, i.e. unfertilized (CL). Soil samples were collected from two layers (0–5 and 5–15 cm) for physical and chemical analyses and evaluation of soil rheological properties under oscillatory shear at two matric potentials (0 and −10 kPa). Organic matter accumulation in soil provided by the PDL and CS fertilizers resulted in higher soil stability and elasticity under oscillatory shear, especially in the 0–5 cm layer. Conversely, MF and PS enhanced the soil susceptibility towards deformation under transient stresses, mainly in the 0–5 cm layer under saturated conditions. The PDL significantly increased soil shear resistance under low‐shear strain conditions. Significant differences ceased under high‐shear strain conditions, though PS and MF yielded at significantly lower strains. Hence, under subtropical conditions, long‐term application of organic fertilizers with fibrous components promoted soil microstructure strengthening, reducing soil susceptibility to erosive processes and compaction.
{"title":"Long‐term application of different organic and inorganic fertilizers in no‐tillage crops changes the soil microstructural viscoelasticity and shear resistance to transient stresses","authors":"Amanda Romeiro Alves, Dörthe Holthusen, Carina Marchezan, Gustavo Brunetto, Stephan Peth, José Miguel Reichert","doi":"10.1111/sum.13037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13037","url":null,"abstract":"The processes involved in deformation, internal strength and stability of soils with long‐term application of fertilizers (organic and inorganic sources) remain poorly investigated and hence understood, particularly in agricultural systems under subtropical climatic conditions. We investigated how long‐term fertilizer management with organic and inorganic amendments in no‐till crops affects the microstructural stability of a sandy Alfisol under oscillatory shear. The study was conducted in southern Brazil on a 17‐year completely randomized block experiment with five fertilizer treatments: pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS), pig deep litter (PDL), mineral fertilizer (MF) and control, i.e. unfertilized (CL). Soil samples were collected from two layers (0–5 and 5–15 cm) for physical and chemical analyses and evaluation of soil rheological properties under oscillatory shear at two matric potentials (0 and −10 kPa). Organic matter accumulation in soil provided by the PDL and CS fertilizers resulted in higher soil stability and elasticity under oscillatory shear, especially in the 0–5 cm layer. Conversely, MF and PS enhanced the soil susceptibility towards deformation under transient stresses, mainly in the 0–5 cm layer under saturated conditions. The PDL significantly increased soil shear resistance under low‐shear strain conditions. Significant differences ceased under high‐shear strain conditions, though PS and MF yielded at significantly lower strains. Hence, under subtropical conditions, long‐term application of organic fertilizers with fibrous components promoted soil microstructure strengthening, reducing soil susceptibility to erosive processes and compaction.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mackessy, E. McCarthy, E. Broderick, B. O'Donnell, P. Quille
Soil pH is a foundational element of agronomy, profoundly influencing biological, chemical and physical soil processes. Adjusting soil pH is a paramount factor for enhancing soil health and productivity with far-reaching environmental benefits. Over time soil naturally tends towards acidity, a process expedited by intensive agriculture practices. To determine the extent of necessary pH corrections, precise soil pH testing is imperative. Various methods including buffer systems, titrations, lime incubations and algorithms considering soil texture are used to assess a soil's lime requirement and each method carries distinct advantages and disadvantages. The Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) buffer method is extensively used in Ireland and internationally; however, safety concerns owing to the use of hazardous chemicals required within the method have been highlighted. This study investigates various soil lime requirement tests and compares their performance against a lime incubation study. A proposed alternative to the SMP buffer test for Irish grassland soils is also investigated. Analysis of results obtained indicates that the SMP buffer method demonstrated the highest r2 value of .497 when correlated with lime incubation results, while the calcium hydroxide titration method closely aligns with the SMP buffer method with an r2 value of .816, followed by the modified Mehlich buffer method with an r2 value of .763.
{"title":"Investigating the accuracy and comparability of various lime prediction methods for Irish grassland mineral soils","authors":"F. Mackessy, E. McCarthy, E. Broderick, B. O'Donnell, P. Quille","doi":"10.1111/sum.13034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13034","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pH is a foundational element of agronomy, profoundly influencing biological, chemical and physical soil processes. Adjusting soil pH is a paramount factor for enhancing soil health and productivity with far-reaching environmental benefits. Over time soil naturally tends towards acidity, a process expedited by intensive agriculture practices. To determine the extent of necessary pH corrections, precise soil pH testing is imperative. Various methods including buffer systems, titrations, lime incubations and algorithms considering soil texture are used to assess a soil's lime requirement and each method carries distinct advantages and disadvantages. The Shoemaker–McLean–Pratt (SMP) buffer method is extensively used in Ireland and internationally; however, safety concerns owing to the use of hazardous chemicals required within the method have been highlighted. This study investigates various soil lime requirement tests and compares their performance against a lime incubation study. A proposed alternative to the SMP buffer test for Irish grassland soils is also investigated. Analysis of results obtained indicates that the SMP buffer method demonstrated the highest <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> value of .497 when correlated with lime incubation results, while the calcium hydroxide titration method closely aligns with the SMP buffer method with an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> value of .816, followed by the modified Mehlich buffer method with an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> value of .763.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ky-Dembele, P. Savadogo, A. Bengaly, A. Bargués-Tobella, M. Diarra, L. A. Winowiecki, J. Bayala
Land degradation, including the loss of tree, forest and vegetation cover, and its related loss of water availability are the main constraints affecting the rainfed agricultural systems in West African Sahel and dry savanna. Therefore, farmers are implementing various soil and water conservation techniques such as zaï pits, half-moons, contour stone and earth bunds to improve crop production through reduced erosion and enhanced water retention. This study explores the effect of woody and herbaceous vegetation established along earth contour bunds on soil infiltration capacity in southern Mali. The soil infiltration measurements were carried out from September to December 2019 using single ring infiltrometers up-slope and down-slope of the bunds built on contour lines in 2015 and 2016 with four types of vegetation: (1) natural annual herbaceous vegetation; (2) planted Andropogon gayanus (perennial grass); (3) planted Gliricidia sepium (woody species) and (4) planted Acacia colei (woody species). The field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was estimated from the infiltration data and subjected to statistical analysis to compare the effect of the four types of vegetation on soil infiltration capacity. The results revealed significant differences in infiltration rate and Kfs between the four vegetation types. The highest infiltration rate and Kfs were observed for earth contour bunds reinforced with woody species G. sepium (299.5 ± 0.6; 45.3 ± 1.4 mm h−1), followed by A. colei (232.2 ± 2; 38.2 ± 1.6 mm h−1). These were followed by the grass A. gayanus (189.4 ± 2.5; 33.0 ± 1.7 mm h−1) and natural annual herbaceous vegetation (132 ± 2.3; 20.7 ± 1.9 mm h−1). In addition, soil water-infiltration rate and Kfs were higher for down-slope compared to up-slope areas for the two woody species. In practice, it is appropriate for farmers to reinforce contour bunds with woody species and perennial herbs given the beneficial effect on soil water infiltration and retention capacity and the expected socio-economic benefit they can get from them.
土地退化，包括树木、森林和植被覆盖的丧失，以及与此相关的水供应的丧失，是影响西非萨赫勒和干旱热带草原地区雨水灌溉农业系统的主要制约因素。因此，农民们正在采用各种水土保持技术，如扎伊尔坑、半月形、等高线石和土堤，以通过减少侵蚀和提高保水性来提高作物产量。本研究探讨了在马里南部沿等高线土堤种植木本和草本植被对土壤渗透能力的影响。土壤入渗测量于 2019 年 9 月至 12 月进行，采用单环入渗仪测量了 2015 年和 2016 年在等高线上修建的土埂的上坡和下坡，并采用了四种类型的植被：（1）天然一年生草本植被；（2）种植的 Andropogon gayanus（多年生草）；（3）种植的 Gliricidia sepium（木本物种）和（4）种植的 Acacia colei（木本物种）。根据入渗数据估算出田间饱和导水性（Kfs），并进行统计分析，以比较四种植被对土壤入渗能力的影响。结果表明，四种植被类型在入渗率和 Kfs 方面存在明显差异。用木本植物 G. sepium（299.5±0.6；45.3±1.4 mm h-1）加固的等高线土堤的入渗率和 Kfs 最高，其次是 A. colei（232.2±2；38.2±1.6 mm h-1）。其次是禾本科植物 A. gayanus（189.4 ± 2.5；33.0 ± 1.7 mm h-1）和一年生天然草本植物（132 ± 2.3；20.7 ± 1.9 mm h-1）。此外，两种木本植物在下坡地区的土壤水分渗透率和 Kfs 均高于上坡地区。在实践中，鉴于木本植物和多年生草本植物对土壤水分渗透和保持能力的有利影响，以及农民可从中获得的预期社会经济效益，农民使用木本植物和多年生草本植物加固等高线埂是合适的。
{"title":"Woody species alongside earth contour bunds enhance the soil water-infiltration capacity in the Sahel, West Africa","authors":"C. Ky-Dembele, P. Savadogo, A. Bengaly, A. Bargués-Tobella, M. Diarra, L. A. Winowiecki, J. Bayala","doi":"10.1111/sum.13035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13035","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation, including the loss of tree, forest and vegetation cover, and its related loss of water availability are the main constraints affecting the rainfed agricultural systems in West African Sahel and dry savanna. Therefore, farmers are implementing various soil and water conservation techniques such as zaï pits, half-moons, contour stone and earth bunds to improve crop production through reduced erosion and enhanced water retention. This study explores the effect of woody and herbaceous vegetation established along earth contour bunds on soil infiltration capacity in southern Mali. The soil infiltration measurements were carried out from September to December 2019 using single ring infiltrometers up-slope and down-slope of the bunds built on contour lines in 2015 and 2016 with four types of vegetation: (1) natural annual herbaceous vegetation; (2) planted <i>Andropogon gayanus</i> (perennial grass); (3) planted <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> (woody species) and (4) planted <i>Acacia colei</i> (woody species). The field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was estimated from the infiltration data and subjected to statistical analysis to compare the effect of the four types of vegetation on soil infiltration capacity. The results revealed significant differences in infiltration rate and Kfs between the four vegetation types. The highest infiltration rate and Kfs were observed for earth contour bunds reinforced with woody species <i>G. sepium</i> (299.5 ± 0.6; 45.3 ± 1.4 mm h<sup>−1</sup>), followed by <i>A. colei</i> (232.2 ± 2; 38.2 ± 1.6 mm h<sup>−1</sup>). These were followed by the grass <i>A. gayanus</i> (189.4 ± 2.5; 33.0 ± 1.7 mm h<sup>−1</sup>) and natural annual herbaceous vegetation (132 ± 2.3; 20.7 ± 1.9 mm h<sup>−1</sup>). In addition, soil water-infiltration rate and Kfs were higher for down-slope compared to up-slope areas for the two woody species. In practice, it is appropriate for farmers to reinforce contour bunds with woody species and perennial herbs given the beneficial effect on soil water infiltration and retention capacity and the expected socio-economic benefit they can get from them.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haochen Zhao, James O'Connor, Sarah Zou, Zakaria M. Solaiman, Bede S. Mickan, Nanthi Bolan
Community gardens, as common spaces where people gather to grow food, help foster public health, greener urban environments, life-long learning and vibrant communities. However, despite being promoted as sustainable horticulture and conservation agriculture, their soil health and carbon (C) sequestration potential, with implication for climate change mitigation, remains underexplored. This study assessed soil samples collected from raised beds (gardening area) and adjacent bare ground (control) at six community gardens in the Perth metropolitan area, Australia. These sites covered three soil mapping units (SMUs): calcareous deep sands, coloured sand and pale sands The soil in raised beds exhibited superior characteristics than surrounding urban soil including lower bulk density, higher pH buffering capacity, available nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total C and microbial biomass. Notably, we estimated that raised bed soils accumulated significant levels of C in the top 10 cm layer (0.55 kg/m2 or 5.5 T/ha). Our findings also indicate no significant heavy metal contamination in any of the community garden soils. Although the global area of community gardens is marginally small, these results suggest they hold potential for carbon sequestration, especially in urban and peri-urban environments. The improved soil health and C storage potential in community garden soil are largely attributed to the regular application of compost produced within the community gardens.
{"title":"Soil health and carbon storage in community gardens in the Perth metropolitan area, Australia","authors":"Haochen Zhao, James O'Connor, Sarah Zou, Zakaria M. Solaiman, Bede S. Mickan, Nanthi Bolan","doi":"10.1111/sum.13033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13033","url":null,"abstract":"Community gardens, as common spaces where people gather to grow food, help foster public health, greener urban environments, life-long learning and vibrant communities. However, despite being promoted as sustainable horticulture and conservation agriculture, their soil health and carbon (C) sequestration potential, with implication for climate change mitigation, remains underexplored. This study assessed soil samples collected from raised beds (gardening area) and adjacent bare ground (control) at six community gardens in the Perth metropolitan area, Australia. These sites covered three soil mapping units (SMUs): calcareous deep sands, coloured sand and pale sands The soil in raised beds exhibited superior characteristics than surrounding urban soil including lower bulk density, higher pH buffering capacity, available nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total C and microbial biomass. Notably, we estimated that raised bed soils accumulated significant levels of C in the top 10 cm layer (0.55 kg/m<sup>2</sup> or 5.5 T/ha). Our findings also indicate no significant heavy metal contamination in any of the community garden soils. Although the global area of community gardens is marginally small, these results suggest they hold potential for carbon sequestration, especially in urban and peri-urban environments. The improved soil health and C storage potential in community garden soil are largely attributed to the regular application of compost produced within the community gardens.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Pun, M. V. Galdos, P. J. Chapman, I. L. Lloyd, S. Banwart, S. Dobbie, L. Collins
A mixed agricultural system that integrates livestock and cropping is essential to organic, agroecological, and regenerative farming. The demand for improved welfare systems has made the practice of outdoor rearing of pigs very popular; it currently makes up 40% of the UK pig industry and has also been integrated into arable rotations. Besides the benefits of outdoor production systems, they also potentially pose environmental risks to farmlands, such as accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, soil erosion and compaction and carbon loss. Despite this, the impact of outdoor pigs and arable crop rotations on soil health has been under-researched relative to other livestock species. This study was conducted at the University of Leeds Research Farm from 2018 to 2020 using a combined experimental and modelling approach to understand the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. The physio-chemical properties of arable soil were measured prior to the introduction of the pigs and after introducing the pigs at the end of first and second years, consecutively. There was assessment of control sites (without pigs, mowing once a year) and pig pens (pigs in a rotation with arable crops). The soil was sampled at two different depths, 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. It was observed that measured soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the soil depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layer were decreased by 7% and 3%, respectively, in the pig pens from 2019 to 2020, and total available nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher in pig pens than the control sites. Hence, at a depth between 0 and 20 cm, the average total available nitrogen was 2.51 and 2.68 mg kg−1 in the control sites and 21.76 and 20.45 mg kg−1 in the pig pens in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The average total available phosphorus at 0–20 cm was 26.54 and 37.02 mg kg−1 in control sites and 48.15 and 63.58 mg kg−1 in pig pens during 2019 and 2020, respectively. A process-based model (DayCent) was used to simulate soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the arable rotation with outdoor pigs and showed SOC stock losses of – 0.09 ± 0.23 T C ha−1 year−1 using the future climate CMIP5 RCP 8.5 scenario for 2020 to 2048. To reduce this loss, we modelled the impact of changing the management of the pig rotation and found that the loss of SOC stock could be decreased by shortening the period of pig retention in the field, growing grass in the field, and leguminous crops in the crop rotation.
{"title":"Measuring and modelling the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics under a changing climate and different management scenarios","authors":"I. Pun, M. V. Galdos, P. J. Chapman, I. L. Lloyd, S. Banwart, S. Dobbie, L. Collins","doi":"10.1111/sum.13029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13029","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed agricultural system that integrates livestock and cropping is essential to organic, agroecological, and regenerative farming. The demand for improved welfare systems has made the practice of outdoor rearing of pigs very popular; it currently makes up 40% of the UK pig industry and has also been integrated into arable rotations. Besides the benefits of outdoor production systems, they also potentially pose environmental risks to farmlands, such as accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, soil erosion and compaction and carbon loss. Despite this, the impact of outdoor pigs and arable crop rotations on soil health has been under-researched relative to other livestock species. This study was conducted at the University of Leeds Research Farm from 2018 to 2020 using a combined experimental and modelling approach to understand the impact of outdoor pigs on soil carbon and nutrient dynamics. The physio-chemical properties of arable soil were measured prior to the introduction of the pigs and after introducing the pigs at the end of first and second years, consecutively. There was assessment of control sites (without pigs, mowing once a year) and pig pens (pigs in a rotation with arable crops). The soil was sampled at two different depths, 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. It was observed that measured soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the soil depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layer were decreased by 7% and 3%, respectively, in the pig pens from 2019 to 2020, and total available nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher in pig pens than the control sites. Hence, at a depth between 0 and 20 cm, the average total available nitrogen was 2.51 and 2.68 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the control sites and 21.76 and 20.45 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the pig pens in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The average total available phosphorus at 0–20 cm was 26.54 and 37.02 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in control sites and 48.15 and 63.58 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in pig pens during 2019 and 2020, respectively. A process-based model (DayCent) was used to simulate soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the arable rotation with outdoor pigs and showed SOC stock losses of – 0.09 ± 0.23 T C ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> using the future climate CMIP5 RCP 8.5 scenario for 2020 to 2048. To reduce this loss, we modelled the impact of changing the management of the pig rotation and found that the loss of SOC stock could be decreased by shortening the period of pig retention in the field, growing grass in the field, and leguminous crops in the crop rotation.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate water-saving and yield-enhancing improvement programmes suitable for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta region, this study conducted outdoor pot experiments utilizing local moderately saline-alkali soils as research subjects. The primary focus was to examine the impact of biochar addition on water and salt distribution in saline-alkali soils and its effect on winter wheat growth under brackish water irrigation conditions. The study design established three different irrigation water mineral concentrations (0, 2 and 4 g L−1) during the research. Two types of biochar, wheat straw biochar (WB) and corn straw biochar (CB), were used with four different applications (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha−1). There were 21 treatments; each replicated three times. These findings demonstrated that brackish water irrigation and biochar application contributed to a notable increase in soil water content (SWC), with increases ranging from 12.8 to 83.9% across treatments. Using brackish water for irrigation increases soil salt content (SSC) and exacerbates soil salinization. However, the application of biochar counteracts this effect by reducing soil salinity and mitigating the degree of salinization. Treatments applying biochar mostly increased SSC, but proper application had a salinity-reducing effect, reducing SSC by up to 15.2%. And biochar reduced the soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), mitigating the adverse effects of high salinity on winter wheat. Finally, the application of biochar promoted the growth of winter wheat and increased yield, with the treatment applying 10 t ha−1 of CB (K2Y10) producing the greatest yield under brackish water irrigation conditions and increased by 18% compared with the treatment without biochar (CK0). In summary, considering the aspects of water conservation, salt reduction and yield increase, the most effective saline land improvement programme for this region involved using 2 g L−1 brackish water for irrigation in combination with applying K2Y10. This approach balances addressing soil salinity, enhancing water conservation and maximizing crop yields.
{"title":"Effect of biochar addition on water–salt distribution and growth of winter wheat in coastal saline-alkali soils under brackish water irrigation","authors":"Wei Wu, Hongxing Chai, Peiling Gao, Penghao Gao, Xue Zhang, Mengzhao Li, Xianglin Guo, Qingxin Lv","doi":"10.1111/sum.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13028","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate water-saving and yield-enhancing improvement programmes suitable for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta region, this study conducted outdoor pot experiments utilizing local moderately saline-alkali soils as research subjects. The primary focus was to examine the impact of biochar addition on water and salt distribution in saline-alkali soils and its effect on winter wheat growth under brackish water irrigation conditions. The study design established three different irrigation water mineral concentrations (0, 2 and 4 g L<sup>−1</sup>) during the research. Two types of biochar, wheat straw biochar (WB) and corn straw biochar (CB), were used with four different applications (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). There were 21 treatments; each replicated three times. These findings demonstrated that brackish water irrigation and biochar application contributed to a notable increase in soil water content (SWC), with increases ranging from 12.8 to 83.9% across treatments. Using brackish water for irrigation increases soil salt content (SSC) and exacerbates soil salinization. However, the application of biochar counteracts this effect by reducing soil salinity and mitigating the degree of salinization. Treatments applying biochar mostly increased SSC, but proper application had a salinity-reducing effect, reducing SSC by up to 15.2%. And biochar reduced the soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), mitigating the adverse effects of high salinity on winter wheat. Finally, the application of biochar promoted the growth of winter wheat and increased yield, with the treatment applying 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> of CB (K<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>10</sub>) producing the greatest yield under brackish water irrigation conditions and increased by 18% compared with the treatment without biochar (CK<sub>0</sub>). In summary, considering the aspects of water conservation, salt reduction and yield increase, the most effective saline land improvement programme for this region involved using 2 g L<sup>−1</sup> brackish water for irrigation in combination with applying K<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>10</sub>. This approach balances addressing soil salinity, enhancing water conservation and maximizing crop yields.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic fertilization in no-till soils increases soil organic matter and nutrient pools primarily in surface soils. However, little is known about how microbial activity affects crop access to phosphorus (P) forms at the surface, where the organic fertilizer is applied, and the subsurface, the main rooting zone. We aimed to study the changes in organic and inorganic P (Po; Pi) forms and compounds in no-till compost amended surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) soils growing a crop rotation for 2 years in pots. Crops were grown in pots with compost amended to the soil surface, while unamended and compost-amended pots without crops were used as controls. We measured changes in microbial C (carbon), soluble C, total Po and Pi forms, the moderately accessible EDTA-NaOH-Pi (-Po), and labile NaHCO3-Pi (-Po). P compounds in the EDTA-NaOH extract were measured by 31P-NMR. Compost addition increased the levels of total Pi and although it had no effect on total Po, increases of inositol, other phosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters could be observed. After the application of compost, the amount of total organic C, soluble carbon and all P forms increased in surface soil, while in the subsurface soil, there was a reduction in organic C and an increase in soluble C, total Pi, EDTA-NaOH-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi and the EDTA-NaOH-Po and labile NaHCO3-Po. Growing crops reduced all measured Pi forms and labile NaHCO3-Po, increased EDTA-NaOH-Po in surface soils and had no observable impact on total Po in either organic C-enriched surface or organic C-reduced subsurface soils. Crops mostly used Pi from the low P availability C-reduced subsurface layer, where NaHCO3-Po pools also decreased. Large reductions in NaHCO3-Po and increased levels of IHP and other-monoesters in crop-growing organic C-enriched surface layers may suggest microbial formation of monoesters Po and crop use of labile Po pools. In summary, Po formation in C-enriched surface layers and the mobilization of all Pi forms throughout the soil profile are particularly important findings for the understanding of P dynamics in compost-amended no-till systems.
在免耕土壤中施用有机肥可增加土壤有机质，并主要增加表层土壤的养分库。然而，人们对微生物活动如何影响作物获取地表（施用有机肥的地方）和地下（主要生根区）磷（P）的形式知之甚少。我们的目的是研究在盆栽轮作 2 年的免耕堆肥改良地表（0-5 厘米）和地表下（5-15 厘米）土壤中有机和无机磷（Po；Pi）形态和化合物的变化。作物生长在土壤表面施用堆肥的花盆中，未施用堆肥的花盆和施用堆肥但未种植作物的花盆作为对照。我们测量了微生物C（碳）、可溶性C、总Po和Pi形式、适度易得的EDTA-NaOH-Pi (-Po)以及易变的NaHCO3-Pi (-Po)的变化。通过 31P-NMR 测量了 EDTA-NaOH 提取物中的 P 化合物。堆肥增加了总 Pi 的含量，虽然对总 Po 没有影响，但可以观察到肌醇、其他磷酸盐单酯和正磷酸盐二酯的增加。施用堆肥后，表层土壤中的总有机碳、可溶性碳和所有形式的钾都有所增加，而在地下土壤中，有机碳减少，可溶性碳、总钾、乙二胺四乙酸-NaOH-钾和 NaHCO3-钾以及乙二胺四乙酸-NaOH-钾和易变 NaHCO3-钾有所增加。在富含有机碳的地表土壤或有机碳减少的地下土壤中，种植作物减少了所有测得的π形式和易变 NaHCO3-π，增加了乙二胺四乙酸-NaOH-π，但对总π没有明显影响。农作物主要利用低 P 可利用性 C 还原的次表层土壤中的 Pi，NaHCO3-Po 池也在减少。在作物生长的富含 C 的有机表层中，NaHCO3-Po 大量减少，而 IHP 和其他单酯的含量增加，这可能表明微生物形成了单酯 Po，作物使用了易变的 Po 池。总之，富碳表层中 Po 的形成和整个土壤剖面中所有 Pi 形式的调动对于了解堆肥改良免耕系统中 P 的动态变化尤为重要。
{"title":"Crops use inorganic and labile organic phosphorus from both high- and low-availability layers in no-till compost-amended soils","authors":"Xue Li, Moritz Hallama, Joan Romanyà","doi":"10.1111/sum.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13027","url":null,"abstract":"Organic fertilization in no-till soils increases soil organic matter and nutrient pools primarily in surface soils. However, little is known about how microbial activity affects crop access to phosphorus (P) forms at the surface, where the organic fertilizer is applied, and the subsurface, the main rooting zone. We aimed to study the changes in organic and inorganic P (Po; Pi) forms and compounds in no-till compost amended surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) soils growing a crop rotation for 2 years in pots. Crops were grown in pots with compost amended to the soil surface, while unamended and compost-amended pots without crops were used as controls. We measured changes in microbial C (carbon), soluble C, total Po and Pi forms, the moderately accessible EDTA-NaOH-Pi (-Po), and labile NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi (-Po). P compounds in the EDTA-NaOH extract were measured by <sup>31</sup>P-NMR. Compost addition increased the levels of total Pi and although it had no effect on total Po, increases of inositol, other phosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters could be observed. After the application of compost, the amount of total organic C, soluble carbon and all P forms increased in surface soil, while in the subsurface soil, there was a reduction in organic C and an increase in soluble C, total Pi, EDTA-NaOH-Pi and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi and the EDTA-NaOH-Po and labile NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po. Growing crops reduced all measured Pi forms and labile NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po, increased EDTA-NaOH-Po in surface soils and had no observable impact on total Po in either organic C-enriched surface or organic C-reduced subsurface soils. Crops mostly used Pi from the low P availability C-reduced subsurface layer, where NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po pools also decreased. Large reductions in NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po and increased levels of IHP and other-monoesters in crop-growing organic C-enriched surface layers may suggest microbial formation of monoesters Po and crop use of labile Po pools. In summary, Po formation in C-enriched surface layers and the mobilization of all Pi forms throughout the soil profile are particularly important findings for the understanding of P dynamics in compost-amended no-till systems.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar is a promising candidate for the sustainable remediation of soils, especially those contaminated with cationic heavy metals, because of its liming effect and tunable surface functionality. Despite its potential, prior studies have highlighted biochar's limitations in immobilizing soil oxyanions, such as arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), particularly in the short term. This shotcoming is primarily attributed to an increase of soil pH following biochar amendment, and factors like competition with phosphate. In this study, biochar amendments were applied to three soils with varying levels of oxyanions including As and Sb, and cations including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). These treatments generally resulted in short-term failure of oxyanion immobilization. However, a noteworthy phenomenon unfolded over a 2-year period, where biochars gradually transitioned from initial mobilization or poor immobilization to eventual successful immobilization of oxyanions (up to 87.0% for As and 100% for Sb). Temporal changes in Cd and Pb differed from As and Sb, exhibiting no improvement in immobilization rates over time. Potential mechanisms driving this process were investigated, suggesting a decline in soil pH, progressive oxidation of soil carbon fractions, and direct adsorption effects as contributing factors. This study sheds light on the temporal shift in biochar's immobilization performance, highlighting a gradual increase in the efficacy in oxyanion immobilization. The findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic nature of biochar's remediation capabilities.
{"title":"Biochar amendment gradually immobilized soil As and Sb over 2 years","authors":"Ying Hu, Liuwei Wang, Ondřej Mašek, Bei Chen, Yuanyuan Xu, Peng Liang, Deyi Hou","doi":"10.1111/sum.13026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13026","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a promising candidate for the sustainable remediation of soils, especially those contaminated with cationic heavy metals, because of its liming effect and tunable surface functionality. Despite its potential, prior studies have highlighted biochar's limitations in immobilizing soil oxyanions, such as arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), particularly in the short term. This shotcoming is primarily attributed to an increase of soil pH following biochar amendment, and factors like competition with phosphate. In this study, biochar amendments were applied to three soils with varying levels of oxyanions including As and Sb, and cations including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). These treatments generally resulted in short-term failure of oxyanion immobilization. However, a noteworthy phenomenon unfolded over a 2-year period, where biochars gradually transitioned from initial mobilization or poor immobilization to eventual successful immobilization of oxyanions (up to 87.0% for As and 100% for Sb). Temporal changes in Cd and Pb differed from As and Sb, exhibiting no improvement in immobilization rates over time. Potential mechanisms driving this process were investigated, suggesting a decline in soil pH, progressive oxidation of soil carbon fractions, and direct adsorption effects as contributing factors. This study sheds light on the temporal shift in biochar's immobilization performance, highlighting a gradual increase in the efficacy in oxyanion immobilization. The findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic nature of biochar's remediation capabilities.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：