Tashina Petersson, Gabriele Antoniella, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, Lucia Perugini, T. Chiti
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a key function of natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. Restoring this property in terrestrial ecosystems has become central to the EU's climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, SOC sequestration is a widely misunderstood concept. The different methodological approaches used to investigate and compare SOC stock under sustainable agricultural practices play a key role in reinforcing misconceptions about this complex process. This commentary paper aims not only to provide a clear definition of SOC sequestration, but also to interpret the results that can be obtained for SOC stock change estimation using the SOC stock difference and the pair comparison methods, as well as to identify the soil carbon‐related processes that achieve climate mitigation. SOC sequestration can be defined as the progressive increase in a site's SOC stock compared to pre‐intervention via a net depletion and transfer of atmospheric CO2 into the soil, where it is retained as soil organic matter (SOM), by plants, plant residues or other organic solids such as the material derived from the organic fraction of farming solid waste, which can be used as a fertilizer (e.g., manure, compost, biochar, digestate), and that is produced or derived from that land‐unit. To date the most appropriate way to determine if a land unit's soil is a sink or rather a source of atmospheric CO2 is to implement the SOC stock difference method, provided the non‐occurrence of carbon exchange between ecosystems.
{"title":"The misconception of soil organic carbon sequestration notion: when do we achieve climate benefit?","authors":"Tashina Petersson, Gabriele Antoniella, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, Lucia Perugini, T. Chiti","doi":"10.1111/sum.13009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13009","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a key function of natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. Restoring this property in terrestrial ecosystems has become central to the EU's climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, SOC sequestration is a widely misunderstood concept. The different methodological approaches used to investigate and compare SOC stock under sustainable agricultural practices play a key role in reinforcing misconceptions about this complex process. This commentary paper aims not only to provide a clear definition of SOC sequestration, but also to interpret the results that can be obtained for SOC stock change estimation using the SOC stock difference and the pair comparison methods, as well as to identify the soil carbon‐related processes that achieve climate mitigation. SOC sequestration can be defined as the progressive increase in a site's SOC stock compared to pre‐intervention via a net depletion and transfer of atmospheric CO2 into the soil, where it is retained as soil organic matter (SOM), by plants, plant residues or other organic solids such as the material derived from the organic fraction of farming solid waste, which can be used as a fertilizer (e.g., manure, compost, biochar, digestate), and that is produced or derived from that land‐unit. To date the most appropriate way to determine if a land unit's soil is a sink or rather a source of atmospheric CO2 is to implement the SOC stock difference method, provided the non‐occurrence of carbon exchange between ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"59 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its relatively high altitude and a continental climate, environmental issues related to soil erosion and land degradation more seriously affect the ecosystem and crop production in Mongolia. As detailed soil erosion and land degradation assessments have only been performed in some regions of Mongolia, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the soil vulnerability on a national scale and predict future soil erosion under climate change prior to establishing an appropriate management plan. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was chosen for this study, which reflects geographic and climatic characteristics in a vast area as the Mongolian territory. We evaluated soil erosion using historical data from 1993 and 2013 and generated predictions in the near (2041‐2060) and far future (2061‐2080) periods under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The soil erosion rates were divided into six classes: very low, low, medium, high, very high and extreme. The total of 46,039 km2 of the Mongolian territory was classified as very high and extreme risk, which is predicted to increase up to 48,961 km2 and 51,769 km2, in the near and far future periods, respectively. At the national scale, most of the soil erosion appeared in bare area, as it covers more than 60% of the total area. Meanwhile, the highest soil erosion risk was expected in high mountain ranges and ecologically vulnerable regions of the Gobi Desert and steppe area. This study identifies three land cover types with high priority for management and areas that should be considered first in the sustainable national land use and soil management plans considering regional characteristics.
{"title":"Assessment of potential soil erosion in Mongolia based on the RUSLE model and RCP 8.5 scenario","authors":"Namuun Tuvshinjargal, Munkhnasan Lamchin, Yoonji Kim, Enerel Bayarmagnai, Seong Woo Jeon","doi":"10.1111/sum.13005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13005","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its relatively high altitude and a continental climate, environmental issues related to soil erosion and land degradation more seriously affect the ecosystem and crop production in Mongolia. As detailed soil erosion and land degradation assessments have only been performed in some regions of Mongolia, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the soil vulnerability on a national scale and predict future soil erosion under climate change prior to establishing an appropriate management plan. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was chosen for this study, which reflects geographic and climatic characteristics in a vast area as the Mongolian territory. We evaluated soil erosion using historical data from 1993 and 2013 and generated predictions in the near (2041‐2060) and far future (2061‐2080) periods under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The soil erosion rates were divided into six classes: very low, low, medium, high, very high and extreme. The total of 46,039 km2 of the Mongolian territory was classified as very high and extreme risk, which is predicted to increase up to 48,961 km2 and 51,769 km2, in the near and far future periods, respectively. At the national scale, most of the soil erosion appeared in bare area, as it covers more than 60% of the total area. Meanwhile, the highest soil erosion risk was expected in high mountain ranges and ecologically vulnerable regions of the Gobi Desert and steppe area. This study identifies three land cover types with high priority for management and areas that should be considered first in the sustainable national land use and soil management plans considering regional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In light of growing concerns regarding food security and soil health, there is increasing emphasis on the assessment of soil health and efforts to improve or maintain the soil health of cultivated land. This case study Niutian Town in Jiangxi Province in southern China, was selected as a typical red soil and a major grain-producing area. This research involves an integrated evaluation model based on Entropy weight TOPSIS and emergy analysis to assess the soil health of cultivated land. An evaluation system was developed, comprising of 31 indicators selected on the basis of resources and environments, with an emphasis on sensitive and promising microorganisms category indicators. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assess the ecological risk of soil pollution and develop novel soil conditioners. Our results indicate that Pb, Hg and Cd present a moderate ecological risk on 92.1% of the cultivated land. Furthermore, 56.8% of the cultivated land was ‘sub-healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’. Biochar was found to be a soil conditioner with good adsorption effect, with absorption rates reaching up to 99.9% and 88.3% for Pb and Cd, respectively. Additionally, g-C3N4 was added to address pesticide contamination, which showed an adsorption rate of up to 75.2% for atrazine. This work develops a targeted remediation approach based on assessment results to address regional cropland soil health issues.
{"title":"Soil health assessment of an acidic red soil agricultural area and its restoration with biochar soil conditioners","authors":"Qiang Li, Wanting Jiang, Junxiao Lyu","doi":"10.1111/sum.13002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13002","url":null,"abstract":"In light of growing concerns regarding food security and soil health, there is increasing emphasis on the assessment of soil health and efforts to improve or maintain the soil health of cultivated land. This case study Niutian Town in Jiangxi Province in southern China, was selected as a typical red soil and a major grain-producing area. This research involves an integrated evaluation model based on Entropy weight TOPSIS and emergy analysis to assess the soil health of cultivated land. An evaluation system was developed, comprising of 31 indicators selected on the basis of resources and environments, with an emphasis on sensitive and promising microorganisms category indicators. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assess the ecological risk of soil pollution and develop novel soil conditioners. Our results indicate that Pb, Hg and Cd present a moderate ecological risk on 92.1% of the cultivated land. Furthermore, 56.8% of the cultivated land was ‘sub-healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’. Biochar was found to be a soil conditioner with good adsorption effect, with absorption rates reaching up to 99.9% and 88.3% for Pb and Cd, respectively. Additionally, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was added to address pesticide contamination, which showed an adsorption rate of up to 75.2% for atrazine. This work develops a targeted remediation approach based on assessment results to address regional cropland soil health issues.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Johansson, John Livsey, Daniela Guasconi, Gustaf Hugelius, Regina Lindborg, Stefano Manzoni
There is growing awareness of the potential value of agricultural land for climate change mitigation. In Sweden, cropland areas have decreased by approximately 30% over recent decades, creating opportunities for these former croplands to be managed for climate change mitigation by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. One potential land-use change is conversion of cropland to grazed grasslands, but the long-term effect of such changes in management are not well understood, and likely varies with soil type and site-specific conditions. Through sampling of mineral and peatland soils within a 75-yr chronosequence of land converted from crop production to grazed grassland, we assessed how time since conversion, catenary position, and soil depth affected SOC storage. The SOC stocks calculated at an equivalent soil or ash mass increased through time since conversion in mineral soils at all topographic positions, at a rate of ~0.65 % yr-1. Soils at low topographic positions gained overall more carbon. Peat SOC stocks gains after conversion were large, but only marginally significant and only when calculated at an equivalent ash mass. We conclude that conversion of mineral soil to grazed grassland promotes SOC accumulation at our sites, but climate change mitigation potential would need to be evaluated through a full greenhouse gas balance.
{"title":"Long-term soil organic carbon changes after cropland conversion to grazed grassland in Southern Sweden","authors":"Anna Johansson, John Livsey, Daniela Guasconi, Gustaf Hugelius, Regina Lindborg, Stefano Manzoni","doi":"10.1111/sum.13004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13004","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing awareness of the potential value of agricultural land for climate change mitigation. In Sweden, cropland areas have decreased by approximately 30% over recent decades, creating opportunities for these former croplands to be managed for climate change mitigation by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. One potential land-use change is conversion of cropland to grazed grasslands, but the long-term effect of such changes in management are not well understood, and likely varies with soil type and site-specific conditions. Through sampling of mineral and peatland soils within a 75-yr chronosequence of land converted from crop production to grazed grassland, we assessed how time since conversion, catenary position, and soil depth affected SOC storage. The SOC stocks calculated at an equivalent soil or ash mass increased through time since conversion in mineral soils at all topographic positions, at a rate of ~0.65 % yr<sup>-1</sup>. Soils at low topographic positions gained overall more carbon. Peat SOC stocks gains after conversion were large, but only marginally significant and only when calculated at an equivalent ash mass. We conclude that conversion of mineral soil to grazed grassland promotes SOC accumulation at our sites, but climate change mitigation potential would need to be evaluated through a full greenhouse gas balance.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana de Carvalho Izidoro, Denise Alves Fungaro, Eleonora Cataldo
Zeolites have been widely applied as catalysts, wastewater treatment agents, gas adsorbents, and fertilizers, among others. However, the use of natural zeolites or those synthesized from oversaturated commercial solutions are more explored commercially than the zeolites synthesized from residues. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the importance of zeolites synthesized from agro-industrial residues and their use in agriculture. This review has been divided into three different sections, i.e., zeolites, agriculture applications, synthesis of zeolites from residues, and their application in plant growth. In the first section, the definition, types, and the critical properties of zeolites are explained. The second section gives a brief review of the application of zeolites in agriculture. Finally, the synthesis of zeolites from residues, such as coal ash, rice husk ash, and sugarcane ash, with special attention to renewable sources is presented. The optimization of the synthesis of zeolites from residues with the incorporation of specific nutrients necessary for the cultivation of soybeans, corn, and sugarcane (considered the most significant crops in Brazilian agriculture in terms of the planted area) can significantly contribute to the concept of circular economy at the industries and the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Objectives, especially, the number 12 (SDO – 12 - Responsible consumption and production).
{"title":"Zeolites synthesized from agro-industrial residues applied in agriculture: A review and future prospects","authors":"Juliana de Carvalho Izidoro, Denise Alves Fungaro, Eleonora Cataldo","doi":"10.1111/sum.13003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13003","url":null,"abstract":"Zeolites have been widely applied as catalysts, wastewater treatment agents, gas adsorbents, and fertilizers, among others. However, the use of natural zeolites or those synthesized from oversaturated commercial solutions are more explored commercially than the zeolites synthesized from residues. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the importance of zeolites synthesized from agro-industrial residues and their use in agriculture. This review has been divided into three different sections, i.e., zeolites, agriculture applications, synthesis of zeolites from residues, and their application in plant growth. In the first section, the definition, types, and the critical properties of zeolites are explained. The second section gives a brief review of the application of zeolites in agriculture. Finally, the synthesis of zeolites from residues, such as coal ash, rice husk ash, and sugarcane ash, with special attention to renewable sources is presented. The optimization of the synthesis of zeolites from residues with the incorporation of specific nutrients necessary for the cultivation of soybeans, corn, and sugarcane (considered the most significant crops in Brazilian agriculture in terms of the planted area) can significantly contribute to the concept of circular economy at the industries and the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Objectives, especially, the number 12 (SDO – 12 - Responsible consumption and production).","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temesgen Mulualem, Enyew Adgo, Derege T. Meshesha, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Mitsuru Tsubo, Kindiye Ebabu, Misganaw Walie, Birhanu Kebede, Genetu Fekadu, Simeneh Demissie, Gizachew A. Tiruneh, Mulatu L. Berihun
Agricultural sustainability and land degradation can be monitored through studying soil nutrient dynamics. This study was conducted to investigate the balance and stocks of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) under major land use types and land management (LM) practices in three contrasting agro-ecological environments in Ethiopia. We employed a nutrient monitoring approach and assessed soil N and P inputs and outputs at watershed and plot scales. Field data were collected from 72 sites representative of the major land uses of the three watersheds for the watershed-scale analysis. In addition to the watershed data, 16 experimental runoff plots were established and the response of nutrient balances to improved LM practices for the major land uses, including cropland with three treatments (control, farmyard manure [FYM], and soil bund), grazing land with three treatments (control, exclosure, and FYM + exclosure), and bushland with two treatments (control and exclosure). Nutrient balances, flows, and stocks varied significantly among agro-ecological settings, land use types, and LM practices. Severe and negative N balances were found in all agro-ecological environments, with midland (-70.8) > highland (-61.7) > lowland (-50.3 kg ha−1 yr−1), whereas slightly positive P balances were found in all agro-ecosystems. As a result, the midland (4.2% yr−1) and highland (2.1% yr−1) sites had greater N depletion rates than the lowland site (1.0% yr−1). Our results also demonstrated that applied LM practices improved N balances: by 32–40% in cropland through FYM and mineral fertilizer, by 7–18% in grazing land via FYM and exclosure, and by 6–36% in degraded bushland via exclosure, implying that, implementing FYM and mineral fertilizer for cropland and implementing FYM with exclosure on non-croplands can reverse nutrient depletion in the study sites and in other areas having similar agro-ecological conditions.
{"title":"Examining soil nutrient balances and stocks under different land use and management practices in contrasting agro-ecological environments","authors":"Temesgen Mulualem, Enyew Adgo, Derege T. Meshesha, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Mitsuru Tsubo, Kindiye Ebabu, Misganaw Walie, Birhanu Kebede, Genetu Fekadu, Simeneh Demissie, Gizachew A. Tiruneh, Mulatu L. Berihun","doi":"10.1111/sum.13000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13000","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural sustainability and land degradation can be monitored through studying soil nutrient dynamics. This study was conducted to investigate the balance and stocks of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) under major land use types and land management (LM) practices in three contrasting agro-ecological environments in Ethiopia. We employed a nutrient monitoring approach and assessed soil N and P inputs and outputs at watershed and plot scales. Field data were collected from 72 sites representative of the major land uses of the three watersheds for the watershed-scale analysis. In addition to the watershed data, 16 experimental runoff plots were established and the response of nutrient balances to improved LM practices for the major land uses, including cropland with three treatments (control, farmyard manure [FYM], and soil bund), grazing land with three treatments (control, exclosure, and FYM + exclosure), and bushland with two treatments (control and exclosure). Nutrient balances, flows, and stocks varied significantly among agro-ecological settings, land use types, and LM practices. Severe and negative N balances were found in all agro-ecological environments, with midland (-70.8) > highland (-61.7) > lowland (-50.3 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), whereas slightly positive P balances were found in all agro-ecosystems. As a result, the midland (4.2% yr<sup>−1</sup>) and highland (2.1% yr<sup>−1</sup>) sites had greater N depletion rates than the lowland site (1.0% yr<sup>−1</sup>). Our results also demonstrated that applied LM practices improved N balances: by 32–40% in cropland through FYM and mineral fertilizer, by 7–18% in grazing land via FYM and exclosure, and by 6–36% in degraded bushland via exclosure, implying that, implementing FYM and mineral fertilizer for cropland and implementing FYM with exclosure on non-croplands can reverse nutrient depletion in the study sites and in other areas having similar agro-ecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunyu Tang, Shuang Gai, Zhuqing Liu, Long Sui, Kui Cheng, Fan Yang
The management of phosphorus (P) resources is facing dual challenges mediated by human activities: the scarcity of bioavailable P in soil and the disposal of massive undeveloped P resources in waste streams. In China, large amounts of P resources remain unexploited, including crop straw (0.9 Tg/year), pig manure (1.1 Tg/year), sludges (0.2 Tg/year), feces (0.5 Tg/year), as well as outbreaking algae (0.48 Tg/yr). Traditional P recovery technologies, including precipitation, acidulation and thermochemistry technology (PAT) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal technology (EBPR), have shown limitations in P recovery from these biomass waste streams. Hydrothermal humification technology (HTH) is a promising new technology, capable of converting typical waste streams into phosphate fertilizer for green and sustainable development. We estimate that the amount of available P that HTH could potentially extract from straw, macroalgae waste and sludge totals 0.46 Tg/year. Accordingly, the consistent development of HTH for the recycling of waste P in biomass will effectively improve China's P cycle and relieve the absence of phosphate rocks sources and environment pollution.
{"title":"Sustainable Phosphorus Recycling: A review of advanced recovery methods with a focus on hydrothermal humification technology and potential phosphorus resources in China for this method","authors":"Chunyu Tang, Shuang Gai, Zhuqing Liu, Long Sui, Kui Cheng, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1111/sum.13001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13001","url":null,"abstract":"The management of phosphorus (P) resources is facing dual challenges mediated by human activities: the scarcity of bioavailable P in soil and the disposal of massive undeveloped P resources in waste streams. In China, large amounts of P resources remain unexploited, including crop straw (0.9 Tg/year), pig manure (1.1 Tg/year), sludges (0.2 Tg/year), feces (0.5 Tg/year), as well as outbreaking algae (0.48 Tg/yr). Traditional P recovery technologies, including precipitation, acidulation and thermochemistry technology (PAT) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal technology (EBPR), have shown limitations in P recovery from these biomass waste streams. Hydrothermal humification technology (HTH) is a promising new technology, capable of converting typical waste streams into phosphate fertilizer for green and sustainable development. We estimate that the amount of available P that HTH could potentially extract from straw, macroalgae waste and sludge totals 0.46 Tg/year. Accordingly, the consistent development of HTH for the recycling of waste P in biomass will effectively improve China's P cycle and relieve the absence of phosphate rocks sources and environment pollution.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Straw returning not only improves carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, but also increases soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which poses a threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. To investigate the effect of straw return combined with nitrogen fertiliser on labile C and N pools in the soil and short-term response to soil N2O emissions in wheat–maize rotation system. The consecutive field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021. Single factor randomized block design was used in the experiment design, with no straw returning and no fertiliser (CK), no straw returning and nitrogen fertiliser (S0N), and straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer (SN). The results indicated that the SN and S0N treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased N2O emissions by 170.45% (2.43 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and 119.5% (1.70 kg N ha-1 yr-1), soil organic carbon (SOC) by 17.23% and 14.50% and soil total nitrogen (STN) by 58.50% and 31.50%, respectively. In the 2020-2021 growing season, The soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) content of the SN and S0N treatments were higher than those of CK in the winter wheat seedling, winter wheat jointing, winter wheat booting, summer maize seedling, and summer maize bell-mouth stages. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that C:N and NO3--N were the major drivers that increased soil N2O emissions, but SMBN was the main driver that decreased soil N2O emissions. The SN and S0N treatments significantly increased soil N2O emissions by increasing the NO3--N content. However, compared with the CK and S0N treatments, the SN treatment mitigated soil N2O emissions by increasing the SMBN content. More importantly, compared with CK treatment, SN treatment increased annual yield by 48.41% and 34.52%, the SN treatment could effectively improve the soil C and N pools. Therefore, straw return combined with nitrogen fertiliser (SN) may be the best choice of the treatments tested for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving green and sustainable development.
秸秆还田不仅改善了碳(C)和氮(N)库，而且增加了土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)排放，对农业的可持续发展构成威胁。研究秸秆还田配施氮肥对小麦-玉米轮作系统土壤碳氮活性库的影响及其对土壤N2O排放的短期响应。2019 - 2021年连续进行田间试验。试验设计采用单因素随机区组设计，秸秆不还田不施肥(CK)、秸秆不还田不施肥(S0N)、秸秆不还田不施肥(SN)。结果表明，氮化氮和氮化氮处理显著(P < 0.05)提高了N2O排放量170.45% (2.43 kg N hm -1年-1)和119.5% (1.70 kg N hm -1年-1)，土壤有机碳(SOC)分别提高了17.23%和14.50%，土壤全氮(STN)分别提高了58.50%和31.50%。在2020 ~ 2021生长季，冬小麦苗期、冬小麦拔节期、冬小麦孕穗期、夏玉米苗期和夏玉米喇口期，SN和S0N处理的土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)含量均高于CK。结构方程模型(SEM)表明，C:N和NO3—N是增加土壤N2O排放的主要驱动因素，而SMBN是减少土壤N2O排放的主要驱动因素。SN和S0N处理通过增加NO3——N含量显著增加了土壤N2O排放。但与CK和S0N处理相比，SN处理通过增加SMBN含量来缓解土壤N2O排放。更重要的是，与CK处理相比，SN处理的年产量分别提高了48.41%和34.52%，SN处理能有效改善土壤C、N库。因此，秸秆还田配施氮肥可能是试验处理中减少温室气体排放、实现绿色可持续发展的最佳选择。
{"title":"How does straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer drive N2O emission in wheat–maize rotation system","authors":"Jiajie Song, Jinze Bai, Zhihao Zhang, Qi Yu, Guangxin Ren, Xinhui Han, Xiaojiao Wang, Chengjie Ren, Yongzhong Feng, Xing Wang","doi":"10.1111/sum.12988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12988","url":null,"abstract":"Straw returning not only improves carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, but also increases soil nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions, which poses a threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. To investigate the effect of straw return combined with nitrogen fertiliser on labile C and N pools in the soil and short-term response to soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in wheat–maize rotation system. The consecutive field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021. Single factor randomized block design was used in the experiment design, with no straw returning and no fertiliser (CK), no straw returning and nitrogen fertiliser (S<sub>0</sub>N), and straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer (SN). The results indicated that the SN and S<sub>0</sub>N treatments significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 170.45% (2.43 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) and 119.5% (1.70 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), soil organic carbon (SOC) by 17.23% and 14.50% and soil total nitrogen (STN) by 58.50% and 31.50%, respectively. In the 2020-2021 growing season, The soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) content of the SN and S<sub>0</sub>N treatments were higher than those of CK in the winter wheat seedling, winter wheat jointing, winter wheat booting, summer maize seedling, and summer maize bell-mouth stages. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that C:N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N were the major drivers that increased soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, but SMBN was the main driver that decreased soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The SN and S<sub>0</sub>N treatments significantly increased soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by increasing the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N content. However, compared with the CK and S<sub>0</sub>N treatments, the SN treatment mitigated soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by increasing the SMBN content. More importantly, compared with CK treatment, SN treatment increased annual yield by 48.41% and 34.52%, the SN treatment could effectively improve the soil C and N pools. Therefore, straw return combined with nitrogen fertiliser (SN) may be the best choice of the treatments tested for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving green and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138493727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manhattan Lebrun, Zubda Zahid, Magdalena Bednik, Agnieszka Medynska-Juraszek, Jiřina Száková, Martin Brtnický, Jiří Holátko, Sylvain Bourgerie, Luke Beesley, Michael Pohořelý, Jan Macků, Tereza Hnátková, Lukáš Trakal
The importance of blending biochar into manure prior to its application as a soil amendment was investigated by this laboratory and field study, hypothesizing an (i) increase in soil fertility; (ii) improvement in microbial activity; and (iii) reduction in manure-induced CO2 emissions after combining amendments. Biochar was mixed with manure (50:50 V/V) and aged in field conditions for 6 months whereafter pristine biochar, manure, and manured biochar (50:50 V/V) were incorporated into an agricultural drought-prone Regosol. All treatments and soil mixtures were incubated, with laboratory measurements of CO2 emissions taken using a coupled column respirometer set up, whilst nutrient availabilities as well as enzymatic activities were also tested.
{"title":"Combined biochar and manure addition to an agricultural soil benefits fertility, microbial activity, and mitigates manure-induced CO2 emissions","authors":"Manhattan Lebrun, Zubda Zahid, Magdalena Bednik, Agnieszka Medynska-Juraszek, Jiřina Száková, Martin Brtnický, Jiří Holátko, Sylvain Bourgerie, Luke Beesley, Michael Pohořelý, Jan Macků, Tereza Hnátková, Lukáš Trakal","doi":"10.1111/sum.12997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12997","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of blending biochar into manure prior to its application as a soil amendment was investigated by this laboratory and field study, hypothesizing an (i) increase in soil fertility; (ii) improvement in microbial activity; and (iii) reduction in manure-induced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions after combining amendments. Biochar was mixed with manure (50:50 V/V) and aged in field conditions for 6 months whereafter pristine biochar, manure, and manured biochar (50:50 V/V) were incorporated into an agricultural drought-prone Regosol. All treatments and soil mixtures were incubated, with laboratory measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions taken using a coupled column respirometer set up, whilst nutrient availabilities as well as enzymatic activities were also tested.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"189 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. K. Reza, S. Chattaraj, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Daripa, S. Saha, S. K. Ray
Delineation of carbon management zones (CMZs) by capturing geospatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock down the profile is an effective strategy for precision agriculture and climate change mitigation. Satellite (Landsat OLI 8), terrain (SRTM 30 m DEM), and bioclimatic (WorldClim dataset) factors were used as covariables in this digital soil mapping approach. Depth harmonization using quadratic spline method (Equal-area) were carried out prior to quantile regression forest (QRF) algorithm based modeling to estimate SOC stock at six standard soil depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 and 100–200 cm). Soil depth and SOC stock for the whole soil profile were used for the delineation of CMZs using fuzzy k-means clustering. The predicted SOC stock, varied from 14.68 to 42.35 Mg ha-1 in the top layer (0-5 cm depth), while 17.91 to 36.88, 14.15 to 34.70, 12.55 to 35.59, 10.30 to 28.52 and 7.26 to 20.16 Mg ha-1 in the depths of 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-100 and 100-200 cm, respectively. The QRF algorithm performed well in predicting SOC stock with high R2, which ranged from 0.67 to 0.83 for all the soil depths. To delineate three CMZs, modified partitioning entropy and the fuzzy performance index were used. In CMZ2, there was a significant increase in SOC stock, followed by CMZ1 and CMZ3. This zone (CMZ2) was located in the central region of the study area and was mostly covered by dense forest and perennial plantations (rubber). The CMZs provided the necessary foundation for the development of site-specific carbon management techniques that can enhance ecosystem service and meet climate change mitigation goals.
{"title":"Delineation of high-resolution soil carbon management zones using digital soil mapping: A step towards mitigating climate change in the Northeastern Himalayas, India","authors":"S. K. Reza, S. Chattaraj, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Daripa, S. Saha, S. K. Ray","doi":"10.1111/sum.12995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12995","url":null,"abstract":"Delineation of carbon management zones (CMZs) by capturing geospatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock down the profile is an effective strategy for precision agriculture and climate change mitigation. Satellite (Landsat OLI 8), terrain (SRTM 30 m DEM), and bioclimatic (WorldClim dataset) factors were used as covariables in this digital soil mapping approach. Depth harmonization using quadratic spline method (Equal-area) were carried out prior to quantile regression forest (QRF) algorithm based modeling to estimate SOC stock at six standard soil depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 and 100–200 cm). Soil depth and SOC stock for the whole soil profile were used for the delineation of CMZs using fuzzy <i>k</i>-means clustering. The predicted SOC stock, varied from 14.68 to 42.35 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> in the top layer (0-5 cm depth), while 17.91 to 36.88, 14.15 to 34.70, 12.55 to 35.59, 10.30 to 28.52 and 7.26 to 20.16 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> in the depths of 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-100 and 100-200 cm, respectively. The QRF algorithm performed well in predicting SOC stock with high R<sup>2</sup>, which ranged from 0.67 to 0.83 for all the soil depths. To delineate three CMZs, modified partitioning entropy and the fuzzy performance index were used. In CMZ2, there was a significant increase in SOC stock, followed by CMZ1 and CMZ3. This zone (CMZ2) was located in the central region of the study area and was mostly covered by dense forest and perennial plantations (rubber). The CMZs provided the necessary foundation for the development of site-specific carbon management techniques that can enhance ecosystem service and meet climate change mitigation goals.","PeriodicalId":21759,"journal":{"name":"Soil Use and Management","volume":"190 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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