Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy最新文献

RNA modifications represent a dynamic layer of gene expression regulation, RNA stability, and translation with profound implications for cellular function and disease. However, the critical regulation and functions of RNA-modifying proteins (RMPs) remain poorly understood. Here, we present a large-scale characterization of RMPs through 378 multiomics datasets encompassing genomics, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) across 63 human tissues. Our analysis of experimental perturbations of RMPs revealed dynamic differential modification peaks and expressed genes. We applied nonnegative matrix factorization to annotate RMP-mediated cell types in single-cell transcriptomes. Functional annotations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) revealed RMPs such as ALKBH5 as critical mediators of m6A dynamics, influencing pathways involved in translation initiation, immune regulation, and tumorigenesis. We revealed cell type-specific modification patterns, including those in ALKBH5-enriched AML stem cells with special ligand‒receptor interactions and genetic variations modulated by m6A. We integrated proteogenomic data to uncover PTM-associated regulatory, mutation, and protein‒protein interaction networks linked to RMPs. We developed RMzyme, a platform that consolidates our findings and provides insights into RMPs and their downstream effects. This resource is expected to facilitate biomedical research into the molecular mechanisms of human diseases through the lens of RNA modifications and multiomics data integration.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract in clinical practice, and long-term chronic inflammation leads to repeated damage to and repair of the colonic mucosa, which may progress to malignancy through atypical hyperplasia. However, there are currently no fully targeted drugs for the treatment of UC. In this review, we discuss several cellular processes, such as autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, macrophage polarization, ferroptosis and the Th/Treg cell balance, which are associated with the occurrence and development of UC. Many molecular targets and signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Wnt/β-catenin, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), toll-like receptor (TLR), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), play crucial roles in the progression of UC. We also summarize the common treatment strategies for UC, including lifestyle interventions, aminosalicylic acid preparations, corticosteroid drugs, biologics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other drugs for symptomatic treatment. This review provides a detailed theoretical basis for the pathology and treatment of UC. Future research could focus on optimizing the treatment plan and achieving more precise and personalized treatment with multiple targets in multiple aspects.

Ocular neovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, vascular leakage, and progressive retinal neurodegeneration, ultimately leading to irreversible vision loss. Here, we present a tetrahedral framework DNA-based bioswitchable Tri-miR-22 mimic delivery system (BiRDS), which is specifically engineered for extraocular administration. In vitro, BiRDS can penetrate the cell membrane within 24 h and accumulate extensively in the cytoplasm. Through transscleral-choroidal-retinal penetration, BiRDS achieves robust delivery to the choroid and retina within 18 h without the need for intravitreal injection in mice. The BiRDS can effectively inhibit the proliferation, tube formation and migration abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In murine models of choroidal neovascularization and oxygen-induced retinopathy, BiRDS not only suppresses retinal pathological neovascularization with efficacy comparable to that of current anti-VEGF agents, but also possesses unique effects that current agents lack, such as improved retinal perfusion and preserved neuronal integrity, thereby contributing to the protection of visual function. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling and molecular validation revealed that BiRDS exerts its therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a key driver of mediating the aforementioned pathological processes. This study highlights BiRDS as a next-generation RNA nanotherapy with broad clinical potential, offering site specific, multitargeted modulation via a minimally invasive and patient-friendly route.

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality, yet effective treatments remain limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that the bacterial intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP, or cdG) exerts a potent inhibitory effect on cancer metastasis, particularly in metastatic breast cancer, via both in vitro and in vivo models, with little toxicity to mice. Interestingly, this antimetastatic function is achieved by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is important for cancer progression and metastasis, but independent of STING, a previously identified c-di-GMP sensor and NF-κB regulator in mammalian cells. Surprisingly, c-di-GMP inhibits NF-κB activity (p-p65) by directly binding to the proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3) that we identified as a new TBK1-binding activator, and disrupting the interaction between PSMD3 and TBK1. This PSMD3-TBK1 interaction boosts the phosphorylation and activation of TBK1, representing a noncanonical function of PSMD3 distinct from its established role in proteasomal degradation. Significantly, PSMD3 is highly expressed in malignant and metastatic breast cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer. The compelling evidence strongly suggests PSMD3 as a promising target for developing a therapy against metastatic breast cancer. These findings underscore the high potential of c-di-GMP as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for metastatic cancers by targeting the PSMD3-TBK1-NF-κB pathway.