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Antimicrobial Resistance: The Impact from and on Society According to One Health Approach 抗菌药耐药性:根据 "一种健康 "方法,来自社会和对社会的影响
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090187
Maria Pia Ferraz
Antibiotics are drugs that target and destroy bacteria, and they are hailed as one of the most amazing medical breakthroughs of the 20th century. They have completely changed how we treat infections and have saved countless lives. But their usefulness is not limited to just medicine; they have also been used for many years in sectors like farming to prevent infections in animals, especially in less wealthy countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents, like antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that were once effective in treating infections caused by these organisms. AMR presents an intricate challenge that endangers the health of both humans and animals, as well as the global economy, and the security of nations and the world at large. Because resistant bacteria are swiftly appearing and spreading among humans, animals, and the environment worldwide, AMR is acknowledged as a challenge within the framework of One Health. The One Health approach involves cooperation among various fields to attain the best possible health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment. It acknowledges the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. AMR is not merely a scientific or medical issue; it is a societal challenge that demands collective action and awareness. In the intricate tapestry of society, every thread contributes to the fabric of AMR, and every individual holds a stake in its resolution.
抗生素是针对和消灭细菌的药物,被誉为 20 世纪最惊人的医学突破之一。它们彻底改变了我们治疗感染的方式,拯救了无数生命。但是,抗生素的作用并不仅限于医学领域;多年来,抗生素还被用于养殖等行业,以预防动物感染,尤其是在不太富裕的国家。抗菌药耐药性(AMR)是指细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫等微生物抵抗抗菌药(如抗生素、抗病毒药、抗真菌药和抗寄生虫药)作用的能力。AMR 带来了错综复杂的挑战,危及人类和动物的健康、全球经济以及国家和整个世界的安全。由于抗药性细菌在全球人类、动物和环境中迅速出现和传播,AMR 被视为 "一个健康 "框架内的一项挑战。一体健康 "方法涉及各个领域之间的合作,以实现人类、动物和环境的最佳健康结果。它承认人类、动物和环境健康之间的相互联系。AMR 不仅仅是一个科学或医学问题;它还是一个社会挑战,需要采取集体行动并提高人们的认识。在错综复杂的社会织锦中,每一根线都对 AMR 的结构做出了贡献,每一个人都与解决这一问题息息相关。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Disciplinary Rapid Scoping Review of Structural Racial and Caste Discrimination Associated with Population Health Disparities in the 21st Century 对与 21 世纪人口健康差异相关的结构性种族和种姓歧视进行跨学科快速范围界定审查
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090186
Drona P. Rasali, Brendan M. Woodruff, Fatima A. Alzyoud, Daniel Kiel, Katharine T. Schaffzin, William D. Osei, Chandra L. Ford, Shanthi Johnson
A cross-disciplinary rapid scoping review was carried out, generally following the PRISMA-SCR protocol to examine historical racial and caste-based discrimination as structural determinants of health disparities in the 21st century. We selected 48 peer-reviewed full-text articles available from the University of Memphis Libraries database search, focusing on three selected case-study countries: the United States (US), Canada, and Nepal. The authors read each article, extracted highlights, and tabulated the thematic contents on structural health disparities attributed to racism or casteism. The results link historical racism/casteism to health disparities occurring in Black and African American, Native American, and other ethnic groups in the US; in Indigenous peoples and other visible minorities in Canada; and in the Dalits of Nepal, a population racialized by caste, grounded on at least four foundational theories explaining structural determinants of health disparities. The evidence from the literature indicates that genetic variations and biological differences (e.g., disease prevalence) occur within and between races/castes for various reasons (e.g., random gene mutations, geographic isolation, and endogamy). However, historical races/castes as socio-cultural constructs have no inherently exclusive basis of biological differences. Disregarding genetic discrimination based on pseudo-scientific theories, genetic testing is a valuable scientific means to achieve the better health of the populations. Epigenetic changes (e.g., weathering—the early aging of racialized women) due to the DNA methylation of genes among racialized populations are markers of intergenerational trauma due to racial/caste discrimination. Likewise, chronic stresses resulting from intergenerational racial/caste discrimination cause an “allostatic load”, characterized by an imbalance of neuronal and hormonal dysfunction, leading to occurrences of chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and mental health) at disproportionate rates among racialized populations. Major areas identified for reparative policy changes and interventions for eliminating the health impacts of racism/casteism include areas of issues on health disparity research, organizational structures, programs and processes, racial justice in population health, cultural trauma, equitable healthcare system, and genetic discrimination.
我们大致按照 PRISMA-SCR 协议进行了一次跨学科快速范围审查,以研究历史上的种族和种姓歧视作为 21 世纪健康差异的结构性决定因素。我们从孟菲斯大学图书馆的数据库搜索中选择了 48 篇同行评审的全文文章,重点关注三个选定的案例研究国家:美国、加拿大和尼泊尔。作者阅读了每篇文章,摘录了重点内容,并将归因于种族主义或种姓主义的结构性健康差异的主题内容制成表格。研究结果将历史上的种族主义/种姓主义与美国黑人和非洲裔美国人、美国原住民和其他族裔群体、加拿大土著居民和其他明显的少数群体以及尼泊尔的达利特人(一个因种姓而被种族化的人群)的健康差异联系起来,并以至少四种解释健康差异结构性决定因素的基础理论为依据。文献证据表明,由于各种原因(如随机基因突变、地理隔离和内婚),在种族/种姓内部和之间会出现遗传变异和生物差异(如疾病流行率)。然而,历史上的种族/种姓作为一种社会文化建构,其生物差异本身并不具有排他性。撇开基于伪科学理论的基因歧视不谈,基因检测是实现人口更健康的重要科学手段。种族化人群基因 DNA 甲基化导致的表观遗传变化(如风化--种族化妇女的早衰)是种族/种姓歧视造成的代际创伤的标志。同样,世代相传的种族/种姓歧视造成的慢性压力会引起 "异位负荷",其特点是神经元和荷尔蒙功能失衡,导致慢性疾病(如高血压、糖尿病和精神健康)在种族化人口中的发生率过高。为消除种族主义/种姓主义对健康的影响,已确定的补偿性政策变革和干预措施的主要领域包括健康差异研究、组织结构、计划和流程、人口健康中的种族公正、文化创伤、公平的医疗保健系统和遗传歧视等方面的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Syndemic Connections: Overdose Death Crisis, Gender-Based Violence and COVID-19 流行病的联系:吸毒过量死亡危机、性别暴力和 COVID-19
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090185
Ana M. Ning
This article will use syndemic theory to identify and analyze overlapping health and social conditions, focusing specifically on how gender-based violence is systemically interconnected with contemporary public health issues. The overdose death crisis that continues to afflict Canadian populations is not an isolated health issue. Across Canada, it is intertwined with mental health, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 and structural violence—the chronic and systemic disadvantages affecting those living in poverty and oppressive circumstances. Opioid use is an often-avoidant coping strategy for many experiencing the effects of trauma, relentless fear, pain, ill health and social exclusion. In particular, Indigenous and non-Indigenous women’s experiences with opioid addiction are entangled with encounters with gender based-violence, poverty and chronic ailments within structurally imposed processes and stressors shaped by a history of colonialism, ruptured lifeways and Western ways of knowing and doing, leading to disproportionate harms and occurrences of illness. While biomedical models of comorbidity and mortality approach substance misuse, gender-based violence and major infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 as distinct yet compounding realities, this article argues that these conditions are synergistically interrelated via the critical/reflexive lens of syndemic frameworks. Through secondary research using academic, media and policy sources from the past decade in Canada, complemented by prior ethnographic research, the synergistic connections among opioid addiction, gender-based violence and the effects of the COVID pandemic on diverse women will be shown to be driven by socio-structural determinants of health including poverty, intergenerational trauma, the legacy of colonialism and Western optics. Together, they embody a contemporary Canadian syndemic necessitating coordinated responses.
本文将利用综合症理论来识别和分析相互重叠的健康和社会状况,并特别关注基于性别的暴力如何与当代公共健康问题系统地相互关联。持续困扰加拿大人的吸毒过量致死危机并不是一个孤立的健康问题。在整个加拿大,它与精神健康、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、COVID-19 和结构性暴力--影响那些生活在贫困和压迫环境中的人的长期和系统性不利因素--交织在一起。对于许多遭受创伤、无尽恐惧、痛苦、健康不佳和社会排斥影响的人来说,使用阿片类药物往往是一种无法避免的应对策略。特别是,土著和非土著妇女的阿片类药物成瘾经历与基于性别的暴力、贫困和慢性疾病的遭遇纠缠在一起,这些都是由殖民主义历史、破裂的生活方式以及西方的认知和行为方式所形成的结构性强加过程和压力因素,导致了不成比例的伤害和疾病的发生。虽然生物医学模式将药物滥用、性别暴力和重大传染病(如艾滋病毒/艾滋病和 COVID-19)视为不同但又相互复合的现实问题,但本文认为,通过综合症框架的批判/反思视角,这些问题是相互关联的。通过使用加拿大过去十年的学术、媒体和政策资料进行二手研究,并辅以先前的人种学研究,本文将证明阿片类药物成瘾、性别暴力和 COVID 流行病对不同妇女的影响之间的协同联系是由健康的社会结构决定因素(包括贫困、代际创伤、殖民主义遗产和西方视角)驱动的。它们共同体现了当代加拿大的综合症,需要采取协调一致的应对措施。
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引用次数: 0
Translating Values into Quality: How We Can Use Max Weber’s Ethic of Responsibility to Rethink Professional Ethics 将价值观转化为质量:我们如何利用马克斯-韦伯的责任伦理重新思考职业道德
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090183
Harald A. Mieg
A risk-based reinterpretation of Weber’s ethic of responsibility can resolve core problems of professional ethics (the role of values, the multilevel problem, etc.) and address current issues—such as the social responsibility of professions or the accountability of professionals. From this perspective, professions as organizations and professionals as their individual members share and distribute responsibility (and risk) in that the primary responsibility of a profession is to provide domain-specific quality standards, while that of individual professionals is to be able to justify service against those standards on a case-by-case basis. In this way, as argued in the paper, professionalism translates (sometimes conflicting) values into a case-specific quality.
以风险为基础重新诠释韦伯的责任伦理,可以解决职业伦理的核心问题(价值观的作 用、多层次问题等),也可以解决当前的问题--如职业的社会责任或专业人员的问责制。从这个角度看,作为组织的专业和作为个人成员的专业共同承担和分担责任(和风 险),因为专业的首要责任是提供特定领域的质量标准,而专业人员个人的责任则是能 够根据这些标准逐一证明服务的合理性。正如本文所论证的那样,专业精神通过这种方式将(有时相互冲突的)价值观转化为针对具体案例的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Everyday Life Infrastructure Impact on Subjective Well-Being in the European Union: A Gender Perspective 欧盟日常生活基础设施对主观幸福感的影响:性别视角
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090184
Gloria Alarcón-García, Edgardo Arturo Ayala Gaytán, José Manuel Mayor Balsas, Claudia María Quintanilla Domínguez
This paper processes the 2015 Benefits of Gender Equality through Infrastructure Provision (BGEIP) Survey, a representative survey for the EU-28, to estimating the impact of everyday life infrastructure access on subjective well-being (SWB) from a gender perspective in Europe. Our estimations prove that accessing everyday life infrastructure in Europe indeed increases SWB, but it contributes to increasing more the SWB of women than that of men. Women’s well-being is positively affected for all kinds of everyday life infrastructures, but the differences with respect to men are larger for the Nursery category for children up to 3 years and for the Centers category for people with long term disabilities. In contrast, men’s well-being is only sensitive to the Health infrastructure and to the Gym and Workout places. Clearly, targeting infrastructure investment helping women in caring children, and other dependents in the family constitute an excellent vehicle for increasing women’s SWB and reducing gender inequality in Europe.
本文利用 2015 年通过提供基础设施实现性别平等的益处(BGEIP)调查(这是一项针对欧盟 28 国的代表性调查),从性别角度估算欧洲日常生活基础设施的使用对主观幸福感(SWB)的影响。我们的估算结果证明,在欧洲使用日常生活基础设施确实会增加主观幸福感,但与男性相比,女性的主观幸福感增加得更多。所有类型的日常生活基础设施都会对女性的幸福感产生积极影响,但与男性相比,3 岁以下儿童的托儿所类别和长期残疾人的中心类别的差异更大。相比之下,男性的幸福感只对健康基础设施以及健身房和锻炼场所敏感。显然,有针对性地进行基础设施投资,帮助妇女照顾子女和家庭中的其他受抚养人, 是提高欧洲妇女的全部门福利和减少性别不平等的一个极好手段。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of a Health Promotion Program on Knowledge, Physical Health, Mental Health, and Social Health Behaviors in Individuals at Risk for Colorectal Cancer 健康促进计划对大肠癌高危人群的知识、身体健康、心理健康和社会健康行为的影响
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090182
Surachet Fakkiew, Supat Teravecharoenchai, Panit Khemtong, Wanich Suksatan
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Thailand. While numerous studies advocate for regular screenings and health promotion programs to mitigate CRC risk, there is a notable lack of tailored health promotion models specifically designed for high-risk groups in Thailand. This research aims to develop a health promotion model to prevent CRC in high-risk groups through a quasi-experimental design. The study involved 68 Thai participants aged 40–70 years, divided equally into experimental and comparison groups. Independent-Samples t-test, Paired-Samples t-test, and one-way variance test (F-test) were employed to analyze the data. The comparison of baseline average scores for physical health, mental health, social health, and knowledge on health-promoting behaviors between the experimental and comparison groups revealed no significant differences. However, following the experiment, the average scores in physical health (t = −2.81, p = 0.01) and mental health (t = −10.30, p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared to pre-experiment levels, with the exception of social health (t = 0.07, p = 0.94). Furthermore, the average knowledge scores related to promoting physical, mental, and social health in the experimental group also showed a significant increase after the experiment (t = −4.53, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that health personnel should advocate for annual CRC screening and the implementation of health promotion programs, especially focusing on physical, mental, and social aspects for at-risk populations. This study underscores the need for long-term health promotion models to achieve continuous and sustainable health improvements in these groups.
结肠直肠癌(CRC)是一个重大的公共卫生问题,尤其是在泰国这样的中低收入国家。虽然许多研究都提倡通过定期筛查和健康促进计划来降低 CRC 风险,但泰国明显缺乏专门针对高危人群的定制化健康促进模式。本研究旨在通过准实验设计开发一种健康促进模式,以预防高危人群患上 CRC。研究涉及 68 名 40-70 岁的泰国参与者,他们被平均分为实验组和对比组。数据分析采用独立样本 t 检验、配对样本 t 检验和单因素方差检验(F 检验)。比较实验组和对比组在身体健康、心理健康、社会健康和促进健康行为知识方面的基线平均得分,结果显示没有显著差异。然而,实验结束后,除社交健康(t = 0.07,p = 0.94)外,身体健康(t = -2.81,p = 0.01)和心理健康(t = -10.30,p < 0.001)的平均得分明显高于实验前水平。此外,实验组与促进身体健康、心理健康和社会健康相关的平均知识得分在实验后也有显著提高(t = -4.53,p < 0.001)。研究结果表明,医务人员应倡导每年进行一次 CRC 筛查,并实施健康促进计划,尤其要关注高危人群的身体、心理和社交方面。这项研究强调了长期健康促进模式的必要性,以实现这些人群健康状况的持续改善。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-State Validation of a Tool Supporting Implementation of Rural Kinship Navigator Programs 跨州验证支持实施农村亲情导航计划的工具
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090178
Brianna Routh, Christine McKibbin, David Wihry, Jennifer A. Crittenden, Ayomide Foluso, Jennifer Jain
While kinship care is prevalent and preferred over out-of-family care, there are relatively few measurement tools validated for use with this audience. The Title IV-E Clearinghouse, used to rate Families First Prevention Services such as Kinship Navigator Programs, requires valid tools. Such families face a myriad of needs in supporting children in their care. Previous research has established the significant challenges faced by rural families. Accurate assessment of these needs, particularly for rural families, is an essential component of kinship navigation services. In this study, we examined the face validity of the Family Needs Scale for use with kinship caregivers in rural programs. Methods: The evaluation teams with each respective kinship program conducted four virtual focus groups comprising kinship caregivers (n = 18) in three rural states. Participants were recruited from outside an ongoing Kinship Navigator Program Evaluation sample but had previously received program support as kinship caregivers. All states received IRB approval from their respective universities. Verbal consent was obtained at the time of the focus group. Focus groups lasted approximately 60–90 min and participants received a gift card incentive. Data were transcribed and qualitatively coded by question set and individual questions to identify phenomenological trends. Findings: Across four focus groups, we found four themes: (1) Broad agreement regarding the face validity of most assessment items; (2) Lack of clarity and shared understanding of several terms used within the tool, (3) Responses change with Ages and Stages of kinship family, and (4) Perspective considerations varying when completing the assessment. Discussion: Findings indicate that most assessment items had strong face validity, where there are a few opportunities to clarify key concepts relevant to rural kinship families and assess additional needs to understand the situational scope of the kinship experience. Overall, the needs assessment tool appears to have validity in assessing current kinship needs and outcomes within Kinship Navigator program evaluation.
雖然親屬照護很普遍,而且比家庭外照護更受歡迎,但用於這類受眾的有效測量工具相對較少。用于评定家庭第一预防服务(如亲属领航计划)的 Title IV-E Clearinghouse 需要有效的工具。这类家庭在支持其照看的儿童时面临着大量需求。先前的研究已经确定了农村家庭面临的重大挑战。准确评估这些需求,尤其是农村家庭的需求,是亲情导航服务的重要组成部分。在本研究中,我们检验了 "家庭需求量表 "在农村项目中用于亲属照顾者时的表面效度。方法:每个亲属项目的评估小组都在三个农村州开展了四个由亲属照顾者(n = 18)组成的虚拟焦点小组。参与者是从正在进行的亲属领航员项目评估样本之外招募的,但他们之前作为亲属照顾者接受过项目支持。所有州都获得了各自大学的 IRB 批准。焦点小组讨论时获得了口头同意。焦点小组持续约 60-90 分钟,参与者可获得礼品卡奖励。对数据进行了转录,并按照问题集和单个问题进行了定性编码,以确定现象学趋势。研究结果在四个焦点小组中,我们发现了四个主题:(1)对大多数评估项目的表面有效性达成了广泛共识;(2)对工具中使用的几个术语缺乏清晰度和共同理解;(3)随着亲属家庭年龄和阶段的变化,回答也会发生变化;以及(4)在完成评估时,考虑问题的角度各不相同。讨论:研究结果表明,大多数评估项目都具有很强的表面效度,但仍有一些机会可以澄清与农村亲属家庭相关的关键概念,并评估其他需求,以了解亲属经历的情景范围。总体而言,在 "亲属领航员 "计划评估中,需求评估工具在评估当前亲属需求和结果方面似乎是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the Living Conditions of the Immigrant Population in Major European Countries 欧洲主要国家移民人口生活条件比较
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090179
Roberto Robutti
Specific aspects and territorial characteristics of migration have been extensively studied, while the primary living conditions of foreigners have been less compared in-depth. Using data from the Labor Force Surveys and EU-Silc for the year 2019, relating to six key aspects of daily life, in this study, foreign-born people living in the five main European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and the European Union were compared for the frequency of costs (e.g., for welfare services) and benefits (e.g., for employment) for the host society. Subsequently, the comparison of them, made by juxtaposing natives and non-natives, allowed for a definition of the level of primary integration (distance of immigrants from natives on the same aspects). The results show that the degree of congruence between the frequency of costs and that of benefits in the immigrant population is strongly influenced by the economic situation, favorable for Germany and the United Kingdom in 2019, with a lower recurrence of hardship cases among immigrants, but high wealth did not automatically reduce their differences. Instead, a small gap between immigrants and natives may also be due to the progressive impoverishment of the latter (Italian case). Therefore, especially in periods of economic stagnation, the different impact of it and of welfare measures on the immigrant population compared to natives requires the analysis of their actual living conditions, as the traditionally used economic aggregates (especially GDP) do not reveal the disparities in the distribution of resources between the various social and ethnic groups.
人们对移民的具体方面和地域特征进行了广泛研究,但对外国人的主要生活条件却较少进行深入比较。本研究利用劳动力调查和欧盟调查(EU-Silc)提供的 2019 年与日常生活六个主要方面相关的数据,比较了生活在欧洲五个主要国家(法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国)和欧盟的外国出生者为东道国社会带来的成本(如福利服务)和收益(如就业)的频率。随后,通过将本地人和非本地人并列进行比较,确定了基本融合程度(移民与本地人在相同方面的距离)。结果表明,移民人口的成本频率和收益频率之间的一致程度受经济形势的影响很大,2019 年德国和英国的经济形势良好,移民的困难情况发生率较低,但高财富并不会自动缩小他们之间的差距。相反,移民与本地人之间的微小差距也可能是由于后者的逐步贫困化造成的(意大利案例)。因此,特别是在经济停滞时期,要分析经济停滞和福利措施对移民与本地人的不同影响,就必须分析他们的实际生活条件,因为传统上使用的经济总量(特别是国内生产总值)并不能揭示不同社会和种族群体之间的资源分配差距。
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引用次数: 0
Intersectionality of Disabled People through a Disability Studies, Ability-Based Studies, and Intersectional Pedagogy Lens: A Survey and a Scoping Review 从残疾研究、基于能力的研究和交叉教学法的角度看残疾人的交叉性:一项调查和范围审查
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090176
Gregor Wolbring, Laiba Nasir
Disabled people face many social problems in their lives, as outlined by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. These problems often increase when disabled people also belong to another marginalized identity. The first aim of this study was to report on the extent and what intersectionalities are mentioned in academic abstracts in conjunction with disabled people. Various intersectional concepts are used to discuss intersectionality-related issues. The second aim was to ascertain the use of intersectionality-based concepts to discuss the intersectionality of disabled people. The field of intersectional pedagogy emerged to discuss the teaching of intersectionality linked to various marginalized identities. The third aim was to ascertain the coverage of how to teach about the intersectionality of disabled people in the intersectional pedagogy-focused academic literature we covered. Ability judgments are a general cultural reality. Many ability judgment-based concepts have been developed within the disability rights movement, disability studies, and ability-based studies that could be used to discuss the impact of ability judgments on the intersectionality of disabled people and enrich the area of intersectional pedagogy. The fourth aim was to ascertain the use of ability judgment-based concepts to analyze the intersectionality of disabled people. To obtain data for the four aims, we performed a manifest coding and qualitative content analysis of abstracts obtained from SCOPUS, the 70 databases of EBSCO-HOST and Web of Science, and an online survey in which we ascertained the views of undergraduate students on social groups experiencing negative ability-based judgments. As to the 34,830 abstracts that contained the term “intersectionality”; the 259,501 abstracts that contained the phrase “intersection of”; and the 11,653 abstracts that contained the 35 intersectionality-based concepts, the numbers for these abstracts that also contained the disability terms we used for our analysis were 753, 2058, and 274 abstracts, respectively, so 2.16%, 0.79%, and 2.35%, indicating a low academic engagement with the intersectionality of disabled people. We found many different intersectionalities mentioned in conjunction with disabled people, but most were mentioned only once or twice, with the main ones mentioned being race and gender. The literature covered made little use of most of the 52 intersectionality-based concepts we looked at (35 identified before the study and 17 more identified during the analysis). The literature covered also did not link to the area of intersectional pedagogy. Of the 25 ability judgment-based concepts, only the term ableism was used. As to the surveys, most students saw many of the social groups experiencing negative ability judgments, suggesting that the ability judgment-based concepts might be a useful tool to discuss intersectional consequences of ability judgments, such as intersectional conflict. Our da
正如联合国《残疾人权利公约》所述,残疾人在生活中面临许多社会问题。当残疾人也属于另一种边缘化身份时,这些问题往往会加剧。本研究的第一个目的是报告学术论文摘要中在多大程度上提到了与残疾人相关的交叉性问题。各种交叉性概念被用来讨论与交叉性相关的问题。第二个目的是确定基于交叉性的概念在讨论残疾人的交叉性时的使用情况。交叉性教学法领域的出现是为了讨论与各种边缘化身份相关的交叉性教学。第三个目的是确定在我们所涉及的以交叉教学法为重点的学术文献中,如何教授残疾人的交叉性。能力判断是一种普遍的文化现实。在残疾人权利运动、残疾人研究和基于能力的研究中,已经形成了许多基于能力判断的概念,这些概念可以用来讨论能力判断对残疾人交叉性的影响,并丰富交叉教学法领域。第四个目的是确定使用基于能力判断的概念来分析残疾人的交叉性。为了获得上述四个目的所需的数据,我们对从 SCOPUS、EBSCO-HOST 和 Web of Science 的 70 个数据库中获得的摘要进行了显性编码和定性内容分析,并通过在线调查了解了本科生对遭受负面能力判断的社会群体的看法。在包含 "交叉性 "一词的 34830 篇摘要、包含 "交叉 "一词的 259501 篇摘要和包含 35 个交叉性概念的 11653 篇摘要中,同时包含我们用于分析的残疾术语的摘要分别为 753 篇、2058 篇和 274 篇,占比分别为 2.16%、0.79% 和 2.35%,这表明学术界对残疾人交叉性的关注度较低。我们发现许多不同的交叉性都与残疾人有关,但大多数只被提及一两次,其中主要提及的是种族和性别。在我们研究的 52 个基于交叉性的概念中(35 个是在研究之前确定的,另外 17 个是在分析过程中确定的),所涉及的文献很少使用其中的大部分概念。所涉及的文献也没有与交叉教学法领域相联系。在 25 个基于能力判断的概念中,只使用了能力主义一词。至于调查,大多数学生认为许多社会群体都经历过负面的能力判断,这表明基于能力判断的概念可能是讨论能力判断的交叉后果(如交叉冲突)的有用工具。我们的数据可能对交叉性研究、交叉教学法、残疾研究、基于能力的研究以及其他涉及交叉性或残疾问题的学术领域有用。我们的研究还可能有助于涉及各种主题的学者将残疾人的交叉性作为其研究的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of Economic and Concrete Support to Prevent Child Maltreatment 预防虐待儿童的经济和具体支持系统回顾
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090173
Gretchen Cusick, Jennifer Gaul-Stout, Reiko Kakuyama-Villaber, Olivia Wilks, Yasmin Grewal-Kök, Clare Anderson
The association between poverty and maltreatment is well established, and numerous studies show the detrimental effects of economic and material hardship on maltreatment, child welfare involvement, and family well-being. In turn, an increasing body of literature suggests the value of programs and services that provide economic and concrete support in stabilizing and supporting families and, ultimately, reducing occurrences of maltreatment. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of economic and concrete support in reducing primary outcomes of child maltreatment and child welfare involvement and in improving secondary outcomes of child and adult well-being through a systematic review of the literature. We review studies published between 1990 and 2023 through searches of scholarly databases, child welfare websites, and evidence-based clearinghouses. We used a two-stage review process to identify a final sample of articles for data extraction. Twenty-four studies with low risk of bias were included in the synthesis. Regardless of delivery mechanism, we found consistent, favorable evidence of the impact of economic and concrete support as a prevention strategy to reduce child maltreatment and child welfare entry and to a lesser extent, improvements in child and adult well-being across these studies. Implications for policy, practice, and racial equity are discussed.
贫困与虐待之间的关系已得到公认,大量研究表明,经济和物质困难对虐待、儿童福利参与和家庭福祉具有不利影响。反过来,越来越多的文献表明,提供经济和具体支持的计划和服务对于稳定和支持家庭,并最终减少虐待事件的发生具有重要价值。在本文中,我们通过对文献的系统回顾,研究了经济和具体支持在减少儿童虐待和儿童福利介入的主要结果以及改善儿童和成人福祉的次要结果方面的有效性。我们通过检索学术数据库、儿童福利网站和循证信息交流中心,对 1990 年至 2023 年间发表的研究进行了回顾。我们采用了两阶段的审查流程来确定最终的文章样本,以便进行数据提取。24 项偏倚风险较低的研究被纳入综合研究。无论采用哪种提供机制,我们都发现了一致、有利的证据,证明经济和具体支持作为一种预防策略,对减少儿童虐待和儿童福利的进入,以及在较小程度上改善儿童和成人福祉的影响。本文讨论了对政策、实践和种族公平的影响。
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