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Importance of University Students’ Perception of Adoption and Training in Artificial Intelligence Tools 大学生对人工智能工具采用和培训重要性的认识
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080141
José Carlos Vázquez-Parra, Carolina Henao-Rodríguez, Jenny Paola Lis-Gutiérrez, Sergio Palomino-Gámez
Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are becoming increasingly common in people’s lives. The educational field is one of the most reflective on the importance of its adoption. Universities have made great efforts to integrate these new technologies into their classrooms, considering that every future professional will need AI skills and competencies. This article examines the importance of student perception and acceptance in adopting AI tools in higher education effectively. It highlights how students’ positive perceptions can significantly influence their motivation and commitment to learning. This research emphasizes that to integrate AI into university curricula successfully, it is essential to include its technologies in all areas of study and foster positivity among students regarding their use and training. This study’s methodology applied the validated instrument “Perception of Adoption and Training in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Profession” to a sample of Mexican students. This exploratory analysis highlights the need for educational institutions to understand and address student perceptions of AI to design educational strategies that incorporate technological advances, are pedagogically relevant, and align with the students’ aspirations and needs.
毫无疑问,人工智能(AI)工具在人们的生活中越来越常见。教育领域是最能体现采用人工智能重要性的领域之一。考虑到每一位未来的专业人士都需要人工智能技能和能力,各大学都为将这些新技术融入课堂做出了巨大努力。本文探讨了学生的认知和接受程度对于在高等教育中有效采用人工智能工具的重要性。文章强调了学生的积极认知如何极大地影响他们的学习动机和学习投入。本研究强调,要将人工智能成功融入大学课程,必须将其技术纳入所有学习领域,并培养学生对其使用和培训的积极性。本研究的方法是在墨西哥学生样本中使用经过验证的工具 "对人工智能工具在专业中的应用和培训的看法"。这项探索性分析强调,教育机构需要了解并解决学生对人工智能的看法,以设计出结合技术进步、与教学相关并符合学生愿望和需求的教育战略。
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引用次数: 0
AI-Generated Graffiti Simulation for Building Façade and City Fabric 人工智能生成的建筑外墙和城市肌理涂鸦模拟
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080142
Naai-Jung Shih
Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context.
涂鸦是一种多学科的社会行为。涂鸦被用于标注城市景观,前提是建筑外墙会不断演变并获得经过修饰的表皮。本研究旨在使用 Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0) 模拟建筑外墙与基于人工智能的生成式涂鸦之间的互动。涂鸦生成所使用的环境将涂鸦视为第三层表皮,改造后的外墙视为第二层表皮,原始外墙视为第一层表皮。涂鸦是根据纯文本描述、有代表性的图像、按比例缩放的三维原型模型渲染图以及从各种种子阐述中获得的特征外墙创建的。然后,根据现有涂鸦或上述背景生成涂鸦,将其叠加到校园或城市中,并根据各种标准进行评判:风格、面积、高度、方向、分布和发展。我发现,重新缩放和重新诠释背景能带来最具创造性的结果:通过对背景的详细阐述,并由于第一、第二和第三层涂鸦所使用的不同工具,可以预见城市结构与所创造的动态之间会产生意想不到的互动。有了背景意识或同质集合,图形分区就可以合并成新的拓扑重新排列的多边形,从而实现跨间隙的创意布局。几乎所有的建筑立面都适用。人工智能生成增强了人们对城市结构的认识,有助于对人的尺度和建筑物进行审查。基于人工智能的虚拟治理可以利用生成涂鸦来促进城市预防措施的实施。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming the Balance of Power? Child First Collaboration: A Conceptual Analysis 改变权力平衡?儿童第一合作:概念分析
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080138
Kathy Hampson, Sean Creaney, Samantha Burns
Collaboration is one of the major tenets of Child First justice and yet is proving problematic in its application across the sector, especially where children are compelled through court orders to engage with interventions, creating inevitable power imbalances. In order to facilitate children in genuinely influencing decision-making processes which concern them, their voice needs to be given its proper value. In this article we use the youth justice system of England and Wales to explore the meaning, value and presence of collaboration within youth justice whilst examining the power dynamics at play through the analytical lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological approach and Bourdieu’s analytical tools. This lends itself to a novel conceptualisation of collaboration within the youth justice space, which is applicable to youth justice contexts internationally, distinguishing between different forms of the concept and examining how much opportunity for influence is actually given to children within their own youth justice journeys.
合作是 "儿童优先 "司法的主要原则之一,但事实证明在整个部门的应用中存在问题,特别是在通过法院命令强迫儿童参与干预的情况下,不可避免地造成了权力不平衡。为了帮助儿童真正影响与他们相关的决策过程,他们的声音需要得到应有的重视。在本文中,我们利用英格兰和威尔士的青少年司法系统来探讨青少年司法中合作的意义、价值和存在,同时通过布朗芬布伦纳(Bronfenbrenner)的生态学方法和布迪厄(Bourdieu)的分析工具来研究权力动态。这为青少年司法领域的合作提供了一种新的概念,适用于国际青少年司法环境,区分了这一概念的不同形式,并研究了儿童在自己的青少年司法历程中实际获得了多少影响机会。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Urban Management Challenges for Sustainable Development: Analyzing the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Crime Distribution in Chicago 应对城市管理挑战,实现可持续发展:分析芝加哥贫困社区对犯罪分布的影响
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080139
Omid Mansourihanis, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki, Shiva Sheikhfarshi, Fatemeh Mohseni, Ebrahim Seyedebrahimi
Urban crime prevention remains a critical challenge intertwined with socioeconomic disparities. This study investigates the spatial nexus between urban deprivation and crime decline in Chicago from 2015 to 2022, addressing the question: How do changes in neighborhood deprivation relate to crime reduction patterns? Using comprehensive crime incident and census tract Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data, this study conducted exploratory spatial analysis, regression modeling, and local bivariate relationship analysis. The findings reveal persistent hotspots of concentrated deprivation on Chicago’s south and west sides, alongside a general citywide crime decline. However, the current research uncovered significant spatial heterogeneity in both deprivation patterns and crime reduction, challenging the achievement of equitable public safety outcomes. Surprisingly, while crime incidents in 2015 and 2022 significantly predicted crime change, ADI scores were not statistically significant predictors in our regression model. Local bivariate analysis exposed diverse relationships between ADI changes and crime rate changes across neighborhoods, with 72.2% of census tracts showing no statistically significant relationship. This underscores the complexity of urban crime dynamics and the importance of local context in understanding these patterns. Our research contributes a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between urban deprivation and crime patterns, providing valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and urban planners. These findings highlight the need for integrated, long-term strategies that address both crime prevention and socioeconomic disparities, ultimately fostering safer, more equitable urban environments and informing evidence-based interventions tailored to specific neighborhood contexts.
城市犯罪预防仍然是一个与社会经济差距交织在一起的严峻挑战。本研究调查了 2015 年至 2022 年芝加哥城市贫困化与犯罪率下降之间的空间联系,以解决以下问题:社区贫困程度的变化与犯罪率下降模式有何关系?本研究利用综合犯罪事件和人口普查区地区贫困指数(ADI)数据,进行了探索性空间分析、回归建模和本地二元关系分析。研究结果显示,在全市犯罪率普遍下降的同时,芝加哥南区和西区仍存在集中贫困的热点地区。然而,当前的研究发现,在贫困模式和犯罪率下降方面都存在显著的空间异质性,这对实现公平的公共安全成果提出了挑战。令人惊讶的是,虽然 2015 年和 2022 年的犯罪事件能显著预测犯罪率的变化,但在我们的回归模型中,ADI 分数在统计上并不是重要的预测因素。当地的二元分析表明,ADI 变化与各社区犯罪率变化之间存在不同的关系,72.2% 的人口普查区在统计上没有显着关系。这凸显了城市犯罪动态的复杂性以及地方背景对理解这些模式的重要性。我们的研究有助于深入理解城市贫困与犯罪模式之间错综复杂的关系,为政策制定者、执法机构和城市规划者提供有价值的见解。这些研究结果突出表明,有必要采取综合、长期的战略,同时解决犯罪预防和社会经济差异问题,最终营造更安全、更公平的城市环境,并为针对特定社区背景的循证干预措施提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
A Depiction of Rohingya Refugees in India’s Online News Platforms Following the Shift in the Indian Government’s Stance in 2017 2017 年印度政府立场转变后印度网络新闻平台对罗兴亚难民的描述
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080140
Yasmin Aldamen, Dilana Thasleem Abdul Jaleel
The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, which dates back to the 1970s. News about the Rohingya refugees has been a major humanitarian topic on the global stage. The findings of this study reveal that Rohingya refugees are predominantly represented negatively in popular media platforms in India. Negative framing, including dehumanization and misrepresentation, is often employed in political discourse and developments. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in Indian media frequently resorts to one-dimensional and stereotypical depictions. The frequent occurrence of dehumanization and misrepresentation, identifiable through the use of language and selective reporting practices, indicates a strong alignment of most Indian mainstream media with the government’s position. However, it is noteworthy that some platforms maintain a critical perspective. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in India’s mainstream news outlet’s online platforms, such as Hindustan Times Online, NDTV Online, The Times of India Online, and India Today Online, reveals a complex landscape with varying narratives and governmental alignments.
媒体在塑造和表现人道主义危机方面发挥着至关重要的作用,对公众舆论产生着重大影响。媒体对这些危机的表述直接影响到向全球公众传播信息。一个突出的国际危机是缅甸罗辛亚穆斯林的困境,这一问题可追溯到 20 世纪 70 年代。有关罗兴亚难民的新闻一直是全球舞台上的一个重要人道主义话题。本研究的结果表明,在印度的大众媒体平台上,罗兴亚难民主要以负面形象出现。包括非人化和歪曲在内的负面描述经常被用于政治言论和事态发展中。印度媒体对罗辛亚难民的描述经常是一板一眼、刻板刻板。通过语言的使用和选择性的报道手法,非人化和歪曲事实的现象频繁出现,这表明大多数印度主流媒体与政府的立场非常一致。然而,值得注意的是,一些平台保持了批判性的视角。印度斯坦时报》在线、NDTV 在线、《印度时报》在线和《今日印度》在线等印度主流新闻媒体的在线平台对罗兴亚难民的描述揭示了一个叙事和政府立场各不相同的复杂局面。
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引用次数: 0
Cyberbullying and Resilience: Lessons Learned from a Survey 网络欺凌与复原力:从一项调查中汲取的经验教训
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080137
Juergen Stegmair, Victor Prybutok
Cyberbullying (CB) is a recurring, long-standing phenomenon that negatively affects people’s lives. Resilience is a personality trait that helps people to react to, cope with, and persist in the presence of obstacles such as cyberbullying. To determine variables and factors affecting coping with cyberbullying incidents, an original research survey was administered to 1317 undergraduate students who attended a large public university in Texas (n = 1086). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four relevant factors: Self-Efficacy, Religiosity, Friend and Social Engagement, and Culture. These findings show that factors supporting resiliency are helpful in achieving a positive behavioral response. The discriminant analysis provided a model verification for the theoretical model for these factors and led to a 79.9% predictability of the function.
网络欺凌(CB)是一种反复出现、长期存在的现象,对人们的生活造成了负面影响。抗逆力是一种人格特质,有助于人们对网络欺凌等障碍做出反应、应对和坚持。为了确定影响应对网络欺凌事件的变量和因素,我们对德克萨斯州一所大型公立大学的 1317 名本科生(n = 1086)进行了一项原创研究调查。探索性因素分析揭示了四个相关因素:自我效能感、宗教信仰、朋友和社会参与以及文化。这些研究结果表明,支持复原力的因素有助于实现积极的行为反应。判别分析为这些因素的理论模型提供了模型验证,并使功能的可预测性达到 79.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Occupational Health, Psychosocial Risks and Prevention Factors in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, and Other Populations: A Narrative Review 女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人、同性恋者、双性人、无性人及其他人群的职业健康、社会心理风险和预防因素:叙述性综述
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080136
António Oliveira, Henrique Pereira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho
Despite advances in legislation and social attitudes, workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minority populations remains prevalent, posing significant psychosocial risks. This study aims to explore the occupational health challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ populations, examining factors of discrimination, support, and prevention strategies. Methods: A narrative review of articles from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was carried out, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. Results: 359 studies were identified, and 11 articles were selected for analysis. The findings reveal pervasive discrimination experienced by LGBTQIA+ workers in the workplace, impacting their mental health and job satisfaction. Factors influencing disclosure of sexual or gender identity at work were identified, including workplace characteristics and anti-discrimination policies. Conclusions: Promoting inclusive and supportive work environments is crucial to the well-being of LGBTQIA+ employees. Recommendations include strengthening anti-discrimination protections, improving education and training on LGBTQIA+ issues, and promoting explicit communication about support and equality. Despite progress, more research is needed to address gaps in understanding and effectively promote the occupational health of sexual and gender minority populations.
尽管在立法和社会态度方面取得了进步,但工作场所对性少数群体和性别少数群体的歧视仍然普遍存在,造成了巨大的社会心理风险。本研究旨在探讨 LGBTQIA+ 群体面临的职业健康挑战,研究歧视因素、支持和预防策略。研究方法对 Scopus、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中的文章进行了叙述性综述,重点关注 2011 年至 2024 年间发表的研究。文章语言包括英语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语。结果确定了 359 项研究,并选择了 11 篇文章进行分析。研究结果表明,LGBTQIA+工作者在工作场所普遍遭受歧视,影响了他们的心理健康和工作满意度。研究还发现了影响在工作中披露性取向或性别认同的因素,包括工作场所特征和反歧视政策。结论促进包容性和支持性的工作环境对 LGBTQIA+ 员工的福祉至关重要。建议包括加强反歧视保护、改善有关 LGBTQIA+ 问题的教育和培训,以及促进有关支持和平等的明确沟通。尽管取得了一些进展,但仍需开展更多的研究,以弥补认识上的差距,并有效促进性少数群体和性别少数群体的职业健康。
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引用次数: 0
The Current Evolution of International Political Economy: Exploring the New Theoretical Divide between New Globalization and Anti-Globalization 当前国际政治经济学的演变:探索新全球化与反全球化之间的新理论分歧
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080135
Charis Vlados
This study explores the evolving theoretical divide within the field of International Political Economy (IPE), focusing on the debate between the advocates of new globalization and critics from the anti-globalization perspective. By conducting an integrative review of the contemporary literature, we explore the foundational theories, core components, and primary theorists of both perspectives, aiming to understand their predictions for future global dynamics. The investigation reveals a polarization in theoretical orientation, reflecting divergent views on the implications of globalization. Through a critical analysis, the paper identifies the liberal international order and the respective contemporary neo-Marxist viewpoints as central to the debate, evaluating their critiques and contributions to understanding the new globalization’s trajectory. We suggest a synthesis of these perspectives, positing that the future of globalization—or “new globalization”—will be influenced by structural changes in global power dynamics, ongoing crises, and technological progress. This is encapsulated in the “evolutionary structural triptych” (EST) approach, which perceives the world economy as an evolutionary result of political, economic, and technological structures, which correspondingly reposition the objectives of stability, growth, and innovation in the new emerging era. In conclusion, we advocate for a balanced approach to globalization, emphasizing the need for policies that promote fairness, sustainability, and cooperation in the changing global environment. This leads to the re-introduction of an appealing concept for globalization’s future: a new, realistic, open, and innovative global liberalism.
本研究探讨了国际政治经济学(IPE)领域内不断演变的理论分歧,重点关注新全球化倡导者与反全球化批评者之间的争论。通过对当代文献进行综合回顾,我们探讨了两种观点的基础理论、核心内容和主要理论家,旨在了解他们对未来全球动态的预测。调查揭示了理论取向的两极分化,反映了对全球化影响的不同看法。通过批判性分析,本文指出自由主义国际秩序和当代新马克思主义观点是这场辩论的核心,并评估了它们对理解新全球化轨迹的批判和贡献。我们建议对这些观点进行综合,认为全球化或 "新全球化 "的未来将受到全球权力动态的结构性变化、持续危机和技术进步的影响。演化结构三要素"(EST)方法概括了这一点,认为世界经济是政治、经济和技术结构演化的结果,在新的新兴时代,这些结构相应地重新定位了稳定、增长和创新的目标。总之,我们主张以一种平衡的方式对待全球化,强调在不断变化的全球环境中需要有促进公平、可持续性和合作的政策。这就为全球化的未来重新提出了一个有吸引力的概念:一种新的、现实的、开放的和创新的全球自由主义。
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引用次数: 0
Influential Factors Affecting the Intention to Utilize Advance Care Plans (ACPs) in Thailand and Indonesia 泰国和印度尼西亚影响使用预先护理计划(ACP)意愿的影响因素
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080134
Irianna Futri, Chavis Ketkaew, Phaninee Naruetharadhol
Demographic shifts resulting from population aging are evident globally, including in Southeast Asia, Thailand, and Indonesia. The relevance of advance care plans is becoming increasingly apparent as the worldwide demographic transforms due to aging. This study sought to investigate the factors influencing the use and implementation of advance care plans (ACPs) using the health belief model (HBM) and technology acceptance model (TAM). This study selected a sample of individuals aged 30–60 in Indonesia and Thailand based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study utilized the purposive random sampling method, integrating aspects of purposive and random selection. A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed via an online form, and 472 were obtained after data cleaning. Most respondents to this survey came from Indonesia, comprising 238 out of 472 respondents (50.4%), and from Thailand, comprising 49.5%; most respondents were women who were between 36 and 40 years old, and most reported graduating with a bachelor’s degree. A significant construct influences the use of advance care plans, i.e., perceived barriers. The perceived barrier (PBA) construct included data security, accessibility, and language barriers. In summary, overcoming existing barriers can indirectly increase the benefits of advance care plans. The results show that perceived usefulness (β = 0.189, p < 0.001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.150, p < 0.01), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.153, p < 0.01), perceived severity (β = 0.105, p < 0.05), and perceived benefits (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) all had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. In contrast, health motivation (β = 0.073, p = 0.100) and perceived barriers (β = 0.034, p = 0.134) did not show significant relationships with behavioral intention in Indonesia and Thailand, offering insights into both countries’ development strategies and the promotion of advance care plans with media as the technology.
人口老龄化导致的人口结构变化在全球范围内都很明显,包括东南亚、泰国和印度尼西亚。随着老龄化导致的全球人口结构转变,预先护理计划的相关性正变得越来越明显。本研究试图利用健康信念模型(HBM)和技术接受模型(TAM)调查影响使用和实施预先护理计划(ACP)的因素。本研究根据既定的纳入和排除标准,在印度尼西亚和泰国选择了 30-60 岁的个人作为样本。研究采用了目的性随机抽样方法,综合了目的性抽样和随机抽样的优点。通过在线表格共发放了 532 份问卷,经过数据清理后获得了 472 份问卷。本次调查的大多数受访者来自印度尼西亚,在 472 位受访者中占 238 位(50.4%),来自泰国的受访者占 49.5%;大多数受访者为 36 至 40 岁之间的女性,大多数受访者表示毕业于大学本科。影响预先护理计划使用的一个重要因素是感知障碍。感知障碍(PBA)结构包括数据安全性、可及性和语言障碍。总之,克服现有障碍可以间接增加预先护理计划的益处。结果显示,感知有用性(β = 0.189,p < 0.001)、感知易用性(β = 0.150,p < 0.01)、感知易感性(β = 0.153,p < 0.01)、感知严重性(β = 0.105,p < 0.05)和感知益处(β = 0.241,p < 0.001)都对行为意向有显著的正向影响。相比之下,印尼和泰国的健康动机(β = 0.073,p = 0.100)和感知障碍(β = 0.034,p = 0.134)与行为意向无明显关系,这为两国的发展战略以及以媒体为技术推广预先护理计划提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Pet Ownership and Psychosocial Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Results of a Large Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey 40 岁及以上成年人的宠物拥有率和社会心理因素:具有全国代表性的大型纵向调查结果
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/soc14080132
Pauline Rebecca Hansen, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek
Thus far, few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors. As longitudinal studies on this topic are mostly lacking, this study aimed to analyze the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation, and life satisfaction) using a longitudinal approach. The data used were taken from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 12,438 observations). Two waves were used (year 2014 and year 2017). Validated multi-item scales were used to measure psychosocial factors. Linear fixed effects (FE) regressions were performed. In summary, only a few significant longitudinal associations were detected in regression analyses. No associations between general pet ownership and psychosocial factors were found. However, cat ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with increases in loneliness levels among the total sample and men. Cat ownership was also significantly longitudinally associated with increases in social isolation levels among men. Among women, dog ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with decreases in life satisfaction. This study reveals some associations between pet ownership and unfavorable psychosocial factors longitudinally. These associations were only significant for subgroups (cat vs. dog ownership and females vs. males).
迄今为止,很少有横断面研究调查过拥有宠物与社会心理因素之间的关系。由于这方面的纵向研究十分缺乏,本研究旨在采用纵向方法分析拥有宠物与社会心理因素(抑郁症状、孤独感、社会隔离和生活满意度)之间的关系。所使用的数据来自德国老龄化调查(DEAS),这是一项针对居住在社区的中老年人的具有全国代表性的抽样调查(n = 12,438)。共进行了两次调查(2014 年和 2017 年)。采用经过验证的多项目量表来测量社会心理因素。进行了线性固定效应(FE)回归。总之,在回归分析中仅发现了一些显著的纵向关联。一般宠物拥有率与社会心理因素之间没有关联。然而,在所有样本和男性中,养猫与孤独感的增加有明显的纵向关系。在男性中,养猫与社会孤立程度的增加也有明显的纵向关系。在女性中,养狗与生活满意度的下降有显著的纵向相关性。这项研究揭示了拥有宠物与不利的社会心理因素之间的一些纵向联系。这些关联仅在分组(养猫与养狗、女性与男性)中具有显著性。
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