Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context.
涂鸦是一种多学科的社会行为。涂鸦被用于标注城市景观，前提是建筑外墙会不断演变并获得经过修饰的表皮。本研究旨在使用 Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0) 模拟建筑外墙与基于人工智能的生成式涂鸦之间的互动。涂鸦生成所使用的环境将涂鸦视为第三层表皮，改造后的外墙视为第二层表皮，原始外墙视为第一层表皮。涂鸦是根据纯文本描述、有代表性的图像、按比例缩放的三维原型模型渲染图以及从各种种子阐述中获得的特征外墙创建的。然后，根据现有涂鸦或上述背景生成涂鸦，将其叠加到校园或城市中，并根据各种标准进行评判：风格、面积、高度、方向、分布和发展。我发现，重新缩放和重新诠释背景能带来最具创造性的结果：通过对背景的详细阐述，并由于第一、第二和第三层涂鸦所使用的不同工具，可以预见城市结构与所创造的动态之间会产生意想不到的互动。有了背景意识或同质集合，图形分区就可以合并成新的拓扑重新排列的多边形，从而实现跨间隙的创意布局。几乎所有的建筑立面都适用。人工智能生成增强了人们对城市结构的认识，有助于对人的尺度和建筑物进行审查。基于人工智能的虚拟治理可以利用生成涂鸦来促进城市预防措施的实施。
{"title":"AI-Generated Graffiti Simulation for Building Façade and City Fabric","authors":"Naai-Jung Shih","doi":"10.3390/soc14080142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080142","url":null,"abstract":"Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaboration is one of the major tenets of Child First justice and yet is proving problematic in its application across the sector, especially where children are compelled through court orders to engage with interventions, creating inevitable power imbalances. In order to facilitate children in genuinely influencing decision-making processes which concern them, their voice needs to be given its proper value. In this article we use the youth justice system of England and Wales to explore the meaning, value and presence of collaboration within youth justice whilst examining the power dynamics at play through the analytical lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological approach and Bourdieu’s analytical tools. This lends itself to a novel conceptualisation of collaboration within the youth justice space, which is applicable to youth justice contexts internationally, distinguishing between different forms of the concept and examining how much opportunity for influence is actually given to children within their own youth justice journeys.
{"title":"Transforming the Balance of Power? Child First Collaboration: A Conceptual Analysis","authors":"Kathy Hampson, Sean Creaney, Samantha Burns","doi":"10.3390/soc14080138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080138","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration is one of the major tenets of Child First justice and yet is proving problematic in its application across the sector, especially where children are compelled through court orders to engage with interventions, creating inevitable power imbalances. In order to facilitate children in genuinely influencing decision-making processes which concern them, their voice needs to be given its proper value. In this article we use the youth justice system of England and Wales to explore the meaning, value and presence of collaboration within youth justice whilst examining the power dynamics at play through the analytical lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological approach and Bourdieu’s analytical tools. This lends itself to a novel conceptualisation of collaboration within the youth justice space, which is applicable to youth justice contexts internationally, distinguishing between different forms of the concept and examining how much opportunity for influence is actually given to children within their own youth justice journeys.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, which dates back to the 1970s. News about the Rohingya refugees has been a major humanitarian topic on the global stage. The findings of this study reveal that Rohingya refugees are predominantly represented negatively in popular media platforms in India. Negative framing, including dehumanization and misrepresentation, is often employed in political discourse and developments. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in Indian media frequently resorts to one-dimensional and stereotypical depictions. The frequent occurrence of dehumanization and misrepresentation, identifiable through the use of language and selective reporting practices, indicates a strong alignment of most Indian mainstream media with the government’s position. However, it is noteworthy that some platforms maintain a critical perspective. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in India’s mainstream news outlet’s online platforms, such as Hindustan Times Online, NDTV Online, The Times of India Online, and India Today Online, reveals a complex landscape with varying narratives and governmental alignments.
{"title":"A Depiction of Rohingya Refugees in India’s Online News Platforms Following the Shift in the Indian Government’s Stance in 2017","authors":"Yasmin Aldamen, Dilana Thasleem Abdul Jaleel","doi":"10.3390/soc14080140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080140","url":null,"abstract":"The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, which dates back to the 1970s. News about the Rohingya refugees has been a major humanitarian topic on the global stage. The findings of this study reveal that Rohingya refugees are predominantly represented negatively in popular media platforms in India. Negative framing, including dehumanization and misrepresentation, is often employed in political discourse and developments. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in Indian media frequently resorts to one-dimensional and stereotypical depictions. The frequent occurrence of dehumanization and misrepresentation, identifiable through the use of language and selective reporting practices, indicates a strong alignment of most Indian mainstream media with the government’s position. However, it is noteworthy that some platforms maintain a critical perspective. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in India’s mainstream news outlet’s online platforms, such as Hindustan Times Online, NDTV Online, The Times of India Online, and India Today Online, reveals a complex landscape with varying narratives and governmental alignments.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban crime prevention remains a critical challenge intertwined with socioeconomic disparities. This study investigates the spatial nexus between urban deprivation and crime decline in Chicago from 2015 to 2022, addressing the question: How do changes in neighborhood deprivation relate to crime reduction patterns? Using comprehensive crime incident and census tract Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data, this study conducted exploratory spatial analysis, regression modeling, and local bivariate relationship analysis. The findings reveal persistent hotspots of concentrated deprivation on Chicago’s south and west sides, alongside a general citywide crime decline. However, the current research uncovered significant spatial heterogeneity in both deprivation patterns and crime reduction, challenging the achievement of equitable public safety outcomes. Surprisingly, while crime incidents in 2015 and 2022 significantly predicted crime change, ADI scores were not statistically significant predictors in our regression model. Local bivariate analysis exposed diverse relationships between ADI changes and crime rate changes across neighborhoods, with 72.2% of census tracts showing no statistically significant relationship. This underscores the complexity of urban crime dynamics and the importance of local context in understanding these patterns. Our research contributes a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between urban deprivation and crime patterns, providing valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and urban planners. These findings highlight the need for integrated, long-term strategies that address both crime prevention and socioeconomic disparities, ultimately fostering safer, more equitable urban environments and informing evidence-based interventions tailored to specific neighborhood contexts.
{"title":"Addressing Urban Management Challenges for Sustainable Development: Analyzing the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Crime Distribution in Chicago","authors":"Omid Mansourihanis, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki, Shiva Sheikhfarshi, Fatemeh Mohseni, Ebrahim Seyedebrahimi","doi":"10.3390/soc14080139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080139","url":null,"abstract":"Urban crime prevention remains a critical challenge intertwined with socioeconomic disparities. This study investigates the spatial nexus between urban deprivation and crime decline in Chicago from 2015 to 2022, addressing the question: How do changes in neighborhood deprivation relate to crime reduction patterns? Using comprehensive crime incident and census tract Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data, this study conducted exploratory spatial analysis, regression modeling, and local bivariate relationship analysis. The findings reveal persistent hotspots of concentrated deprivation on Chicago’s south and west sides, alongside a general citywide crime decline. However, the current research uncovered significant spatial heterogeneity in both deprivation patterns and crime reduction, challenging the achievement of equitable public safety outcomes. Surprisingly, while crime incidents in 2015 and 2022 significantly predicted crime change, ADI scores were not statistically significant predictors in our regression model. Local bivariate analysis exposed diverse relationships between ADI changes and crime rate changes across neighborhoods, with 72.2% of census tracts showing no statistically significant relationship. This underscores the complexity of urban crime dynamics and the importance of local context in understanding these patterns. Our research contributes a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between urban deprivation and crime patterns, providing valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and urban planners. These findings highlight the need for integrated, long-term strategies that address both crime prevention and socioeconomic disparities, ultimately fostering safer, more equitable urban environments and informing evidence-based interventions tailored to specific neighborhood contexts.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyberbullying (CB) is a recurring, long-standing phenomenon that negatively affects people’s lives. Resilience is a personality trait that helps people to react to, cope with, and persist in the presence of obstacles such as cyberbullying. To determine variables and factors affecting coping with cyberbullying incidents, an original research survey was administered to 1317 undergraduate students who attended a large public university in Texas (n = 1086). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four relevant factors: Self-Efficacy, Religiosity, Friend and Social Engagement, and Culture. These findings show that factors supporting resiliency are helpful in achieving a positive behavioral response. The discriminant analysis provided a model verification for the theoretical model for these factors and led to a 79.9% predictability of the function.
{"title":"Cyberbullying and Resilience: Lessons Learned from a Survey","authors":"Juergen Stegmair, Victor Prybutok","doi":"10.3390/soc14080137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080137","url":null,"abstract":"Cyberbullying (CB) is a recurring, long-standing phenomenon that negatively affects people’s lives. Resilience is a personality trait that helps people to react to, cope with, and persist in the presence of obstacles such as cyberbullying. To determine variables and factors affecting coping with cyberbullying incidents, an original research survey was administered to 1317 undergraduate students who attended a large public university in Texas (n = 1086). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four relevant factors: Self-Efficacy, Religiosity, Friend and Social Engagement, and Culture. These findings show that factors supporting resiliency are helpful in achieving a positive behavioral response. The discriminant analysis provided a model verification for the theoretical model for these factors and led to a 79.9% predictability of the function.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
António Oliveira, Henrique Pereira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho
Despite advances in legislation and social attitudes, workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minority populations remains prevalent, posing significant psychosocial risks. This study aims to explore the occupational health challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ populations, examining factors of discrimination, support, and prevention strategies. Methods: A narrative review of articles from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was carried out, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. Results: 359 studies were identified, and 11 articles were selected for analysis. The findings reveal pervasive discrimination experienced by LGBTQIA+ workers in the workplace, impacting their mental health and job satisfaction. Factors influencing disclosure of sexual or gender identity at work were identified, including workplace characteristics and anti-discrimination policies. Conclusions: Promoting inclusive and supportive work environments is crucial to the well-being of LGBTQIA+ employees. Recommendations include strengthening anti-discrimination protections, improving education and training on LGBTQIA+ issues, and promoting explicit communication about support and equality. Despite progress, more research is needed to address gaps in understanding and effectively promote the occupational health of sexual and gender minority populations.
{"title":"Occupational Health, Psychosocial Risks and Prevention Factors in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, and Other Populations: A Narrative Review","authors":"António Oliveira, Henrique Pereira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho","doi":"10.3390/soc14080136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080136","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in legislation and social attitudes, workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minority populations remains prevalent, posing significant psychosocial risks. This study aims to explore the occupational health challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ populations, examining factors of discrimination, support, and prevention strategies. Methods: A narrative review of articles from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was carried out, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. Results: 359 studies were identified, and 11 articles were selected for analysis. The findings reveal pervasive discrimination experienced by LGBTQIA+ workers in the workplace, impacting their mental health and job satisfaction. Factors influencing disclosure of sexual or gender identity at work were identified, including workplace characteristics and anti-discrimination policies. Conclusions: Promoting inclusive and supportive work environments is crucial to the well-being of LGBTQIA+ employees. Recommendations include strengthening anti-discrimination protections, improving education and training on LGBTQIA+ issues, and promoting explicit communication about support and equality. Despite progress, more research is needed to address gaps in understanding and effectively promote the occupational health of sexual and gender minority populations.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographic shifts resulting from population aging are evident globally, including in Southeast Asia, Thailand, and Indonesia. The relevance of advance care plans is becoming increasingly apparent as the worldwide demographic transforms due to aging. This study sought to investigate the factors influencing the use and implementation of advance care plans (ACPs) using the health belief model (HBM) and technology acceptance model (TAM). This study selected a sample of individuals aged 30–60 in Indonesia and Thailand based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study utilized the purposive random sampling method, integrating aspects of purposive and random selection. A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed via an online form, and 472 were obtained after data cleaning. Most respondents to this survey came from Indonesia, comprising 238 out of 472 respondents (50.4%), and from Thailand, comprising 49.5%; most respondents were women who were between 36 and 40 years old, and most reported graduating with a bachelor’s degree. A significant construct influences the use of advance care plans, i.e., perceived barriers. The perceived barrier (PBA) construct included data security, accessibility, and language barriers. In summary, overcoming existing barriers can indirectly increase the benefits of advance care plans. The results show that perceived usefulness (β = 0.189, p < 0.001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.150, p < 0.01), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.153, p < 0.01), perceived severity (β = 0.105, p < 0.05), and perceived benefits (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) all had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. In contrast, health motivation (β = 0.073, p = 0.100) and perceived barriers (β = 0.034, p = 0.134) did not show significant relationships with behavioral intention in Indonesia and Thailand, offering insights into both countries’ development strategies and the promotion of advance care plans with media as the technology.
{"title":"Influential Factors Affecting the Intention to Utilize Advance Care Plans (ACPs) in Thailand and Indonesia","authors":"Irianna Futri, Chavis Ketkaew, Phaninee Naruetharadhol","doi":"10.3390/soc14080134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080134","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic shifts resulting from population aging are evident globally, including in Southeast Asia, Thailand, and Indonesia. The relevance of advance care plans is becoming increasingly apparent as the worldwide demographic transforms due to aging. This study sought to investigate the factors influencing the use and implementation of advance care plans (ACPs) using the health belief model (HBM) and technology acceptance model (TAM). This study selected a sample of individuals aged 30–60 in Indonesia and Thailand based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study utilized the purposive random sampling method, integrating aspects of purposive and random selection. A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed via an online form, and 472 were obtained after data cleaning. Most respondents to this survey came from Indonesia, comprising 238 out of 472 respondents (50.4%), and from Thailand, comprising 49.5%; most respondents were women who were between 36 and 40 years old, and most reported graduating with a bachelor’s degree. A significant construct influences the use of advance care plans, i.e., perceived barriers. The perceived barrier (PBA) construct included data security, accessibility, and language barriers. In summary, overcoming existing barriers can indirectly increase the benefits of advance care plans. The results show that perceived usefulness (β = 0.189, p < 0.001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.150, p < 0.01), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.153, p < 0.01), perceived severity (β = 0.105, p < 0.05), and perceived benefits (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) all had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. In contrast, health motivation (β = 0.073, p = 0.100) and perceived barriers (β = 0.034, p = 0.134) did not show significant relationships with behavioral intention in Indonesia and Thailand, offering insights into both countries’ development strategies and the promotion of advance care plans with media as the technology.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pauline Rebecca Hansen, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek
Thus far, few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors. As longitudinal studies on this topic are mostly lacking, this study aimed to analyze the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation, and life satisfaction) using a longitudinal approach. The data used were taken from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 12,438 observations). Two waves were used (year 2014 and year 2017). Validated multi-item scales were used to measure psychosocial factors. Linear fixed effects (FE) regressions were performed. In summary, only a few significant longitudinal associations were detected in regression analyses. No associations between general pet ownership and psychosocial factors were found. However, cat ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with increases in loneliness levels among the total sample and men. Cat ownership was also significantly longitudinally associated with increases in social isolation levels among men. Among women, dog ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with decreases in life satisfaction. This study reveals some associations between pet ownership and unfavorable psychosocial factors longitudinally. These associations were only significant for subgroups (cat vs. dog ownership and females vs. males).
{"title":"Pet Ownership and Psychosocial Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Results of a Large Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey","authors":"Pauline Rebecca Hansen, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek","doi":"10.3390/soc14080132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080132","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far, few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors. As longitudinal studies on this topic are mostly lacking, this study aimed to analyze the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation, and life satisfaction) using a longitudinal approach. The data used were taken from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 12,438 observations). Two waves were used (year 2014 and year 2017). Validated multi-item scales were used to measure psychosocial factors. Linear fixed effects (FE) regressions were performed. In summary, only a few significant longitudinal associations were detected in regression analyses. No associations between general pet ownership and psychosocial factors were found. However, cat ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with increases in loneliness levels among the total sample and men. Cat ownership was also significantly longitudinally associated with increases in social isolation levels among men. Among women, dog ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with decreases in life satisfaction. This study reveals some associations between pet ownership and unfavorable psychosocial factors longitudinally. These associations were only significant for subgroups (cat vs. dog ownership and females vs. males).","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Naeem Sarwar, Zahida Javed, Muhammad Shahid Farooq, Muhammad Faizan Nazar, Shahbaz Hassan Wasti, Intzar Hussain Butt, Ghulam Jillani Ansari, Rabia Basri, Sumaira Kulsoom, Zaka Ullah
The current study investigates the effects of a digital growth mindset on the motivation and success of chemistry students. The approach involves the use of technological tools that encourage students to face challenges and keep trying even when things become difficult. Students can achieve milestones by following this fruitful methodology. This study utilized a mixed-method design of an ordered–explanatory type, as identified in one of the categories of mixed-method approaches. The quantitative aspects of the research project were conducted using a matching-only pre-test–post-test control-group design. This was conducted because the study was carried out on secondary school students in Lahore, Pakistan, and the population included students up to the tenth grade. Only the experimental group participated in digital growth mindset activities. The control group was taught using traditional methods. The qualitative aspect of the study involved conducting focus group discussions with students in the experimental group. The results showed a significant improvement in motivation and chemistry achievement among the students in the experimental group, as evidenced by the higher mean scores from the pre-tests and the post-tests compared to the control group. The present research findings reveal that digital growth mindset interventions, when appropriately incorporated into chemistry curricula, possess the capacity to not only improve student engagement and subsequent performance but also to provide educators with valuable insights into instructional practices that are worth implementing in the digital era.
{"title":"Impact of a Digital Growth Mindset on Enhancing the Motivation and Performance of Chemistry Students: A Non-Cognitive Approach","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Sarwar, Zahida Javed, Muhammad Shahid Farooq, Muhammad Faizan Nazar, Shahbaz Hassan Wasti, Intzar Hussain Butt, Ghulam Jillani Ansari, Rabia Basri, Sumaira Kulsoom, Zaka Ullah","doi":"10.3390/soc14080133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080133","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigates the effects of a digital growth mindset on the motivation and success of chemistry students. The approach involves the use of technological tools that encourage students to face challenges and keep trying even when things become difficult. Students can achieve milestones by following this fruitful methodology. This study utilized a mixed-method design of an ordered–explanatory type, as identified in one of the categories of mixed-method approaches. The quantitative aspects of the research project were conducted using a matching-only pre-test–post-test control-group design. This was conducted because the study was carried out on secondary school students in Lahore, Pakistan, and the population included students up to the tenth grade. Only the experimental group participated in digital growth mindset activities. The control group was taught using traditional methods. The qualitative aspect of the study involved conducting focus group discussions with students in the experimental group. The results showed a significant improvement in motivation and chemistry achievement among the students in the experimental group, as evidenced by the higher mean scores from the pre-tests and the post-tests compared to the control group. The present research findings reveal that digital growth mindset interventions, when appropriately incorporated into chemistry curricula, possess the capacity to not only improve student engagement and subsequent performance but also to provide educators with valuable insights into instructional practices that are worth implementing in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Latin America has witnessed a significant influx of foreign aid aimed at fostering development, particularly in rural areas, over recent decades. Despite these considerable investments, persistently high levels of poverty endure, and rural communities have not consistently witnessed improvements in livelihoods. Rural development initiatives frequently achieve their inherent objectives at the output level but less frequently attain the intended outcomes and are seldom successful in establishing the prerequisites for enduring impact over the long term. The existing literature on this topic is extensive but often fragmented, with some scholars examining the context through socio-economic and political lenses, others scrutinizing the intrinsic characteristics of projects, and still others emphasizing levels of empowerment and local participation. This paper synthesizes and critically evaluates key aspects that influence the sustained impact of rural development projects across these three analytical streams. Through an integrative compilation of insights from these disparate perspectives, this work lays the foundation for a comprehensive analysis, shedding light on crucial considerations that may have previously “fallen into the cracks” through an examination of the segmented discourse.
{"title":"Rural Development Projects in Latin America: The Need to Integrate Socio-Economic, Political, and Empowerment Lenses for Sustained Impact","authors":"Raphael Leao, Luis F. Goulao","doi":"10.3390/soc14070131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14070131","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America has witnessed a significant influx of foreign aid aimed at fostering development, particularly in rural areas, over recent decades. Despite these considerable investments, persistently high levels of poverty endure, and rural communities have not consistently witnessed improvements in livelihoods. Rural development initiatives frequently achieve their inherent objectives at the output level but less frequently attain the intended outcomes and are seldom successful in establishing the prerequisites for enduring impact over the long term. The existing literature on this topic is extensive but often fragmented, with some scholars examining the context through socio-economic and political lenses, others scrutinizing the intrinsic characteristics of projects, and still others emphasizing levels of empowerment and local participation. This paper synthesizes and critically evaluates key aspects that influence the sustained impact of rural development projects across these three analytical streams. Through an integrative compilation of insights from these disparate perspectives, this work lays the foundation for a comprehensive analysis, shedding light on crucial considerations that may have previously “fallen into the cracks” through an examination of the segmented discourse.","PeriodicalId":21795,"journal":{"name":"Societies","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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