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A Systematic Review of Economic and Concrete Support to Prevent Child Maltreatment 预防虐待儿童的经济和具体支持系统回顾
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090173
Gretchen Cusick, Jennifer Gaul-Stout, Reiko Kakuyama-Villaber, Olivia Wilks, Yasmin Grewal-Kök, Clare Anderson
The association between poverty and maltreatment is well established, and numerous studies show the detrimental effects of economic and material hardship on maltreatment, child welfare involvement, and family well-being. In turn, an increasing body of literature suggests the value of programs and services that provide economic and concrete support in stabilizing and supporting families and, ultimately, reducing occurrences of maltreatment. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of economic and concrete support in reducing primary outcomes of child maltreatment and child welfare involvement and in improving secondary outcomes of child and adult well-being through a systematic review of the literature. We review studies published between 1990 and 2023 through searches of scholarly databases, child welfare websites, and evidence-based clearinghouses. We used a two-stage review process to identify a final sample of articles for data extraction. Twenty-four studies with low risk of bias were included in the synthesis. Regardless of delivery mechanism, we found consistent, favorable evidence of the impact of economic and concrete support as a prevention strategy to reduce child maltreatment and child welfare entry and to a lesser extent, improvements in child and adult well-being across these studies. Implications for policy, practice, and racial equity are discussed.
贫困与虐待之间的关系已得到公认,大量研究表明,经济和物质困难对虐待、儿童福利参与和家庭福祉具有不利影响。反过来,越来越多的文献表明,提供经济和具体支持的计划和服务对于稳定和支持家庭,并最终减少虐待事件的发生具有重要价值。在本文中,我们通过对文献的系统回顾,研究了经济和具体支持在减少儿童虐待和儿童福利介入的主要结果以及改善儿童和成人福祉的次要结果方面的有效性。我们通过检索学术数据库、儿童福利网站和循证信息交流中心,对 1990 年至 2023 年间发表的研究进行了回顾。我们采用了两阶段的审查流程来确定最终的文章样本,以便进行数据提取。24 项偏倚风险较低的研究被纳入综合研究。无论采用哪种提供机制,我们都发现了一致、有利的证据,证明经济和具体支持作为一种预防策略,对减少儿童虐待和儿童福利的进入,以及在较小程度上改善儿童和成人福祉的影响。本文讨论了对政策、实践和种族公平的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Research Duos: Unveiling the Collaborative Essence of Research 研究二重奏:揭开研究的合作本质
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090175
Ekaterina Glebova
Through an integrative literature review and theory adaption approach, this research aims to shed light on the efficacy of research partnerships and their implications for academic scholarship and knowledge production. Adapting the concept of creative duos to research activities presents a promising avenue for interdisciplinary collaboration and enhanced productivity. This review explores the application of research partnerships, akin to creative duos, in academic contexts. Research duos involve pairs of scholars who collaborate closely to investigate specific topics, address complex problems, or advance knowledge within their respective fields. This paper delineates the characteristics and potential benefits of research duos, drawing parallels to creative partnerships in various artistic domains. Additionally, it examines the advantages and disadvantages of researching in duos, roles within partnerships, the possible role of artificial intelligence as a partner within a duo, and factors contributing to successful research collaborations and identifies best practices for forming and sustaining effective research duos. By recognizing duos as the fundamental unit of collaborative research, we can understand how their inherent strengths contribute to the effectiveness of larger groups, supporting efficient communication, strong interpersonal bonds, and clear organizational structures.
通过文献综述和理论调整方法,本研究旨在阐明研究伙伴关系的功效及其对学术研究和知识生产的影响。将创意双人组的概念应用到研究活动中,为跨学科合作和提高生产力提供了一条大有可为的途径。本综述探讨了研究伙伴关系(类似于创意二人组)在学术环境中的应用。研究双人组包括一对学者,他们密切合作研究特定课题,解决复杂问题,或在各自领域内推动知识进步。本文阐述了双人研究计划的特点和潜在益处,并将其与各种艺术领域的创造性合作伙伴关系相提并论。此外,本文还探讨了双人研究的优缺点、伙伴关系中的角色、人工智能作为双人研究中的合作伙伴可能发挥的作用,以及有助于成功开展研究合作的因素,并确定了形成和维持有效的双人研究的最佳实践。通过认识到二人研究是合作研究的基本单位,我们可以了解二人研究的固有优势如何有助于提高更大群体的效率,支持高效沟通、强大的人际纽带和清晰的组织结构。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Racial and Class Bias in Child Welfare: Development and Piloting of the Race and Class Bias in Child Welfare Scale 评估儿童福利中的种族和阶级偏见:儿童福利中的种族和阶级偏见量表的开发与试用
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090172
Monica Faulkner, Catherine A. LaBrenz, Anna Wasim, Laura Marra
Research has highlighted racial and socioeconomic disparities for families in child welfare, with calls to address inequities through trainings and structural change. However, few measures have been developed to assess the recognition of racial and class biases among child welfare practitioners, one key step in addressing implicit biases and reducing racial disparities. While the Families First Prevention Services Act has prioritized evidence-based practices, it is crucial to ensure that practitioners are culturally responsive. This study developed and piloted the Race and Class Bias in Child Welfare Scale to measure the awareness of implicit and structural biases among child welfare practitioners. The development and validation of the Race and Class Bias in Child Welfare Scale included three parts: (1) scale development; (2) scale piloting using exploratory factor analysis; and (3) scale validation using confirmatory factor analysis. Two main factors were identified that explained 68.05% of the total variance; eight of the nine items loaded onto the two factors. Items on the first factor reflected implicit bias recognition, and items on the second factor reflected structural bias. Preliminary findings suggest that a two-factor scale presents good internal reliability and validity. As the Family First Preservation Services Act continues to prioritize evidence-based practices, it is important to consider the cultural sensitivity and responsiveness of providers administering them.
研究强调了儿童福利家庭在种族和社会经济方面的差异,呼吁通过培训和结构改革来解决不平等问题。然而,目前还很少有措施来评估儿童福利从业人员对种族和阶级偏见的认识,而这正是解决隐性偏见和减少种族差异的关键一步。虽然《家庭第一预防服务法案》已将循证实践列为优先事项,但确保从业人员对文化有敏感认识也至关重要。本研究开发并试用了儿童福利中的种族和阶级偏见量表,以衡量儿童福利从业人员对隐性和结构性偏见的认识。儿童福利中的种族和阶级偏见量表的开发和验证包括三个部分:(1)量表开发;(2)使用探索性因素分析进行量表试用;(3)使用确认性因素分析进行量表验证。确定了两个主要因子,它们解释了总方差的 68.05%;9 个项目中有 8 个被加载到这两个因子上。第一个因子上的项目反映了内隐偏差识别,第二个因子上的项目反映了结构性偏差。初步研究结果表明,双因子量表具有良好的内部信度和效度。随着《家庭第一保护服务法》继续优先考虑循证实践,考虑实施这些实践的服务提供者的文化敏感性和反应能力也非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Theorising Pandemic Necropolitics as Evil: Thinking Inequalities, Suffering, and Vulnerabilities with Arendt 将大流行病的亡灵政治学理论化为邪恶:与阿伦特一起思考不平等、苦难和脆弱性
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090171
Anastasia Christou
A conceptualisation of the COVID-19 pandemic through the analytic lens of a ‘necropolitics as evil’ brings to the fore Hannah Arendt’s theorisation that evil is both an expression of, and a threat to, humanity and its plurality as an intersectional assemblage, and by extension as freedom in political action. Arendt accepts that while evil—as an expression of our humanity—can never be eradicated, it must—as a threat to our common humanity—be confronted. From this perspective, the functioning of race, gender, and wider structural inequalities as operational hinges of COVID-19 capitalism required spaces for resistance and change within the political economy of global inequalities during the recent pandemic. This (concept) paper explores such a conceptualisation through stories of the pandemic and with a particular focus on Indigenous people, marginalised groups such as migrants and asylum seekers, as well as the homeless. It is through the viral logics of cytopathic COVID-19 capitalisms that we confront and resist theoretical pathologies by re-theorising evil as conceptual currency to confront this conjuncture, critique limitations, and meaningfully translate the current societal landscape through this lens. This allows for engaging in a particular kind of reading of Arendt that is contextualised in terms of the stakes of the paper: the importance of thinking about convivialising solidarities in the ongoing pandemic that has been perpetuated by ‘evil political formations/evil governance’ under capitalism, and as such, the structural pathologies that exacerbate COVID-19’s deathly effects.
汉娜-阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)的理论认为,邪恶既是人性的一种表现形式,也是对人性及其多元性的一种威胁。阿伦特认为,虽然邪恶作为我们人性的一种表现形式永远无法根除,但作为对我们共同人性的一种威胁,我们必须正视它。从这个角度看,种族、性别和更广泛的结构性不平等作为 COVID-19 资本主义的运作铰链,在最近的大流行病期间,需要在全球不平等的政治经济中提供抵抗和变革的空间。这篇(概念)论文通过大流行病的故事探讨了这一概念,并特别关注土著人、边缘化群体(如移民和寻求庇护者)以及无家可归者。正是通过细胞病理 COVID-19 资本主义的病毒逻辑,我们对抗并抵制理论上的病态,将邪恶重新理论化,将其作为概念货币,以面对这一关头,批判局限性,并通过这一视角对当前的社会景观进行有意义的诠释。这样,我们就可以对阿伦特进行一种特殊的解读,这种解读是以本文的利害关系为背景的:在资本主义 "邪恶的政治形式/邪恶的治理 "所延续的持续大流行中,思考团结互助的重要性,因此,思考加剧 COVID-19 死亡效应的结构性病理现象的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Echoes of Madness: Exploring Disability and Mental Illness in Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice 疯狂的回声:探索《地狱之刃:塞努亚的献祭》中的残疾与精神疾病
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090170
Sina Torabi, Jeff Preston
Video games are known for many things, but nuanced portrayals of characters with mental illness might not be one of them. This trend, however, has gradually started to shift with games like Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice, which aim to convey a genuine experience of mental illness to the player. Through a close reading of different instances in the game, this paper shows how Hellblade complicates the usual sanist ideas seen in most other games by taking an ambiguous stance, using mental illness as a representational tool. Furthermore, it avoids some of the more sensationalist and problematic tropes often employed in such representations, like the supercrip and the Cartesian divide of the body and mind. In order to show this, we have employed Mitchel and Snyder’s concept of narrative prosthesis to demonstrate how the game does not in fact rely on Senua’s disability as an exotic feature of the narrative to hook players in. By combining insights from disability and mad studies, we show how this game is a step in the right direction when it comes to challenging the perceptions of mental illness prevalent in pop culture.
电子游戏以很多方面著称,但对患有精神疾病的角色进行细致入微的刻画可能并不是其中之一。然而,随着《地狱之刃:塞努亚的献祭》等旨在向玩家传达真实的精神病体验的游戏的出现,这一趋势逐渐开始转变。本文通过对《地狱之刃:塞努亚的献祭》游戏中不同场景的细读,展示了《地狱之刃》是如何采取一种模棱两可的立场,将精神疾病作为一种表现工具,从而使大多数其他游戏中常见的理智主义观念复杂化的。此外,《地狱之刃》还避免了此类表述中经常使用的一些煽情和有问题的套路,如 "超级警察 "和笛卡尔式的身心分裂。为了说明这一点,我们采用了米切尔和斯奈德的 "叙事假体"(narrative prosthesis)概念,以证明游戏实际上并没有依赖塞努阿的残疾作为叙事的奇特特征来吸引玩家。通过结合残疾研究和疯狂研究的见解,我们展示了这款游戏在挑战流行文化中对精神疾病的普遍看法方面是如何朝着正确的方向迈进的。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding University Students’ Foreign Language Learning Attitudes: An Analysis Based on Stereotypes 了解大学生的外语学习态度:基于刻板印象的分析
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090169
Selime Güntaş Işık, Fatma Aslantürk Altıntuğ, Sibel Süzek Birkollu, Ahmet Güneyli
The study aims to understand university students’ perceptions of stereotypes in foreign language learning in Cyprus, a multilingual and multicultural island. The goal is to comprehend how stereotypes impact foreign language education, enabling educators to tailor teaching environments and methodologies accordingly. The research question probes the extent and the influencing variables of stereotypes held by students in Cyprus during their language learning journey. This quantitative descriptive study involved 832 students from various faculties of a private North Cyprus university during the 2021–2022 academic year. A sample of 550 students, comprising 269 males and 281 females, was randomly selected. The stereotyped thought scale for a foreign language, a tool developed by Ünal in 2015 with 42 items across 8 sub-dimensions, was employed to gauge students’ stereotypical thoughts. The study’s results revealed an average score of 2.99 out of 5 on the scale, indicating that students’ stereotyped thinking falls within the average range. Notably, several variables, including gender, age, education, family, and language proficiency, significantly influence the stereotypes students hold during their language learning process.
塞浦路斯是一个多语言、多文化的岛国,本研究旨在了解大学生对外语学习中的陈规定型观念的看法。目的是了解定型观念如何影响外语教育,使教育工作者能够相应地调整教学环境和方法。研究问题探究了塞浦路斯学生在语言学习过程中所持有的刻板印象的程度和影响变量。这项定量描述性研究涉及 2021-2022 学年北塞浦路斯一所私立大学不同院系的 832 名学生。随机抽取了 550 名学生样本,其中包括 269 名男生和 281 名女生。研究采用了Ünal于2015年开发的外语刻板印象量表来衡量学生的刻板印象,该量表包含8个子维度的42个项目。研究结果显示,该量表的平均分为 2.99 分(满分 5 分),表明学生的刻板思维处于平均水平。值得注意的是,性别、年龄、教育程度、家庭和语言水平等几个变量对学生在语言学习过程中所持的定型观念有重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
New Globalization and Energy Transition: Insights from Recent Global Developments 新全球化与能源转型:近期全球发展的启示
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090166
Dimos Chatzinikolaou, Charis Michael Vlados
This paper explores the combined impacts of certain geopolitical and geoeconomic shifts on the global energy transition, focusing on developments related to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreements. The New Globalization Scenario Matrix (NGSM) and a correlative SWOT analysis in transnational terms are utilized to understand and conceptualize potential future global trends in the emerging new globalization. Findings suggest that the examined contemporary global events may enhance the overall performance of the global system, thereby accelerating energy transitions. Consequently, a re-envisioned approach to the International Political Economy (IPE) of energy is proposed, blending repositioned realism and liberalism to foster a realistic and innovative new global liberalism.
本文探讨了某些地缘政治和地缘经济变化对全球能源转型的综合影响,重点关注《跨太平洋伙伴关系全面进步协定》(CPTPP)和《区域全面经济伙伴关系》(RCEP)协定的相关发展。新全球化情景矩阵(NGSM)和相关的跨国 SWOT 分析被用来理解和构思新兴新全球化中潜在的未来全球趋势。研究结果表明,所考察的当代全球事件可能会提高全球系统的整体性能,从而加速能源转型。因此,提出了一种重新认识能源国际政治经济学(IPE)的方法,将重新定位的现实主义和自由主义融合在一起,以促进现实和创新的新全球自由主义。
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引用次数: 0
Initiatives of Female Empowerment in Computing Implemented at the High School Level: A Systematic Mapping 在高中阶段实施的计算机领域女性赋权计划:系统制图
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090167
Ramayane Bonacin Braga, Mirelle Amaral de São Bernardo, Sara Luiz de Farias, Thalia Santos de Santana, Marcos de Moraes Sousa
Gender disparities in technology are evident, and affirmative actions are necessary to increase female representation. This article is part of an umbrella project that systematically maps related studies and aims to understand the current literature on initiatives to attract girls to high school through female empowerment projects in computing. Through a systematic literature mapping (SLM), we identified studies published between 2017 and 2022 that were available in databases and search engines, namely ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Library, Scopus, and SBC Open Lib. Only primary studies returned in an automated search process were considered, without combining them with other search strategies. A priori, 264 articles were returned with the application of a search string and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 articles were selected. Of this number, 41 projects were named in the articles that describe activities involving high school. To answer the established research questions, it was found that the studies discussed projects implemented in secondary education in the Americas, Europe and Africa, indicating the importance of expanding these initiatives to other territories, increasing female participation in information technology and promoting gender equality, which is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda.
技术领域的性别差异显而易见,有必要采取平权行动来提高女性的代表性。本文是一个伞式项目的一部分,该项目系统地映射了相关研究,旨在了解当前有关通过计算机领域的女性赋权项目吸引女孩上高中的举措的文献。通过系统性文献图谱(SLM),我们确定了 2017 年至 2022 年间发表的研究,这些研究可在数据库和搜索引擎(即 ACM 数字图书馆、IEEE Xplore 图书馆、Scopus 和 SBC Open Lib)中找到。只考虑了自动搜索过程中返回的主要研究,而没有将其与其他搜索策略相结合。通过使用搜索字符串,事先返回了 264 篇文章,在应用纳入和排除标准后,选出了 61 篇文章。在这些文章中,有 41 个项目涉及到高中的活动。为了回答既定的研究问题,我们发现这些研究讨论了在美洲、欧洲和非洲的中学教育中实施的项目,这表明将这些举措推广到其他地区、增加女性对信息技术的参与以及促进性别平等的重要性,这与联合国 2030 年议程的可持续发展目标(SDG 5)是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Accepting Different Faiths: Insights from Religious Narratives of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Poland 接受不同的信仰:从波兰智障人士的宗教叙述中获得的启示
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090165
Monika Parchomiuk, Katarzyna Ćwirynkało, Agnieszka Beata Żyta
There is a dearth of research on how people with intellectual disabilities perceive different faiths, both their own and other people’s. The aim of this study was to explore certain aspects of religious identification among adults with intellectual disabilities: their declared affiliation with a specific denomination, their perceptions and subjective knowledge constituting the image of a “good follower”, their self-assessment, and their attitudes toward representatives of other denominations. In 2023, interviews were conducted with 34 adults with intellectual disabilities in three Polish cities to achieve this aim. The study was of an inclusive character and involved co-researchers with intellectual disabilities who participated in designing the research, conducting the interviews and the analysis. We found that people with intellectual disabilities do not always know how to define their religious affiliation and have limited knowledge and experience in relationships with individuals of different faiths, and their attitudes toward such individuals are varied. Nonetheless, they engage in various forms of religious activity.
有关智障人士如何看待自己和他人的不同信仰的研究十分匮乏。本研究旨在探讨智障成年人对宗教认同的某些方面:他们宣称的特定教派归属、他们对 "好信徒 "形象的看法和主观认识、他们的自我评价以及他们对其他教派代表的态度。为此,我们于 2023 年在波兰的三个城市对 34 名智障成年人进行了访谈。这项研究具有包容性,智障共同研究者参与了研究设计、访谈和分析。我们发现,智障人士并不总是知道如何界定自己的宗教归属,在与不同信仰的人交往方面的知识和经验也很有限,他们对这些人的态度也各不相同。尽管如此,他们还是参与了各种形式的宗教活动。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Laughter: Emotional and Ideological Gratification in Media 笑的力量媒体中的情感和意识形态满足
IF 2.1 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/soc14090164
Abilio Almeida, Helena Sousa
This study examines the role of laughter in media content, focusing on traditional non-humorous entertainment talk shows with hosts, guests and a studio audience. The analysis, which documents over 20,000 instances of laughter in just 60 episodes (one laugh every 20 s), highlights the central role of laughter in this reality. The study concludes that: (1) hosts laughed more than guests and studio audiences; (2) in the programmes analysed, female hosts generated almost twice as much laughter as male hosts; (3) laughter followed a recognisable ‘U-shaped’ pattern, peaking at the beginning and end of the programme; (4) jokes with sexual connotations elicited the highest levels of laughter; (5) public service episodes had fewer instances of laughter; and (6) the programme with the host who laughed the most had the largest audience. In conclusion, laughter provides not only emotional, but also ideological gratification, based on the (post)modern concept of happiness.
本研究以有主持人、嘉宾和演播室观众的传统非幽默娱乐脱口秀节目为重点,探讨了笑声在媒体内容中的作用。分析记录了短短 60 集节目中的 20,000 多次笑声(每 20 秒一次笑声),凸显了笑声在这一现实中的核心作用。研究得出以下结论(1)主持人比嘉宾和演播室观众笑得更多;(2)在分析的节目中,女主持人产生的笑声几乎是男主持人的两倍;(3)笑声呈明显的 "U "型,在节目开始和结束时达到顶峰;(4)带有性意味的笑话引起的笑声最多;(5)公共服务类节目的笑声较少;(6)主持人笑得最多的节目拥有最多的观众。总之,根据(后)现代幸福观,笑声不仅能带来情感上的满足,还能带来意识形态上的满足。
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引用次数: 0
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