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Use of AI to Help Researchers Improve their Research Funding Capacities, Relevance, and Performance 利用人工智能帮助研究人员提高其研究资助能力、相关性和绩效
Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x22400050
Odysseas Spyroglou, Cagri Uluc Yildirimoglu, A. Koumpis
Researchers and scientists face globally, and parallel to their core research activities, increased pressure to successfully lead or participate in fundraising activities. The field has been experiencing fierce competition with success rates of proposals falling dramatically down, while the complexity of the funding instruments and the need for acquiring a wide understanding of issues related to impacts, research priorities in connection to wider national and transnational (e.g. EU-wide) policy aspects, increase discomfort levels for the individual researchers and scientists. In this paper, we suggest the use of transdisciplinary AI tools to support (semi-)- automation of several steps of the application and proposal preparation processes.
研究人员和科学家在全球范围内面临着与他们的核心研究活动并行的越来越大的压力,需要成功地领导或参与筹款活动。该领域一直在经历激烈的竞争,提案的成功率急剧下降,而资助工具的复杂性和对与影响有关的问题的广泛理解的需要,与更广泛的国家和跨国(例如欧盟范围内)政策方面相关的研究优先事项,增加了个体研究人员和科学家的不适程度。在本文中,我们建议使用跨学科的人工智能工具来支持申请和提案准备过程中几个步骤的(半)自动化。
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引用次数: 0
A Hybrid Approach to Analyze Cybersecurity News Articles by Utilizing Information Extraction & Sentiment Analysis Methods 基于信息抽取和情感分析的网络安全新闻文章混合分析方法
Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x22500015
Piyush Ghasiya, K. Okamura
Cybersecurity is becoming indispensable for everyone and everything in the times of the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. Every aspect of human society — be it political, financial, technological, or cultural — is affected by cyber-attacks or incidents in one way or another. Newspapers are an excellent source that perfectly captures this web of cybersecurity. By implementing various NLP techniques such as tf-idf, word embedding and sentiment analysis (SA) (machine learning method), this research will examine the cybersecurity-related articles from 18 major newspapers (English language online version) from six countries (three newspapers from each country) collected within one year from April 2018 till March 2019. The first objective is to extract the crucial events from each country, which we will achieve by our first step — ‘information extraction.’ The next objective is to find out what kind of sentiments those crucial issues garnered, which we will accomplish from our second step — ‘SA.’ SA of news articles would also help in understanding each ‘nation’s mood’ on critical cybersecurity issues, which can aid decision-makers in charting new policies.
在物联网(IoT)革命时代,网络安全对每个人和每件事都变得不可或缺。人类社会的方方面面——无论是政治、金融、技术还是文化——都以这样或那样的方式受到网络攻击或事件的影响。报纸是完美捕捉网络安全网络的绝佳来源。本次研究将利用tf-idf、词嵌入、情感分析(SA)(机器学习方法)等多种NLP技术,对从2018年4月到2019年3月的一年内收集的6个国家(每个国家3份报纸)的18家主要报纸(英语在线版)的网络安全相关文章进行分析。第一个目标是提取每个国家的关键事件,这将通过我们的第一步——“信息提取”来实现。下一个目标是找出这些关键问题引发了什么样的情绪,我们将在第二步中完成这一目标。对新闻文章的分析也有助于了解每个国家在关键网络安全问题上的情绪,这有助于决策者制定新政策。
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引用次数: 0
US2RO: Union of Superpoints to Recognize Objects US2RO: Superpoints Union to recognition Objects
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400146
Marcel Tiator, Anna Maria Kerkmann, C. Geiger, P. Grimm
The creation of interactive virtual reality (VR) applications from 3D scanned content usually includes a lot of manual and repetitive work. Our research aim is to develop agents that recognize objects to enhance the creation of interactive VR applications. We trained partition agents in our superpoint growing environment that we extended with an expert function. This expert function solves the sparse reward signal problem of the previous approaches and enables to use a variant of imitation learning and deep reinforcement learning with dense feedback. Additionally, the function allows to calculate a performance metric for the degree of imitation for different partitions. Furthermore, we introduce an environment to optimize the superpoint generation. We trained our agents with 1182 scenes of the ScanNet data set. More specifically, we trained different neural network architectures with 1170 scenes and tested their performance with 12 scenes. Our intermediate results are promising such that our partition system might be able to assist the VR application development from 3D scanned content in near future.
从3D扫描内容创建交互式虚拟现实(VR)应用程序通常包括大量的手工和重复工作。我们的研究目标是开发识别物体的代理,以增强交互式VR应用程序的创建。我们在用专家函数扩展的superpoint生长环境中训练分区代理。该专家函数解决了先前方法的稀疏奖励信号问题,并能够使用具有密集反馈的模仿学习和深度强化学习的变体。此外,该函数允许计算不同分区的模仿程度的性能度量。此外,我们还引入了一个环境来优化叠加点的生成。我们使用ScanNet数据集的1182个场景来训练代理。更具体地说,我们用1170个场景训练了不同的神经网络架构,并用12个场景测试了它们的性能。我们的中间结果是有希望的,这样我们的分区系统可能能够在不久的将来从3D扫描内容中辅助VR应用程序的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editors' Introduction 特邀编辑介绍
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21020049
M. Hu, Wolfgang Hürst
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引用次数: 0
Learning a Generalizable Model of Team Conflict from Multiparty Dialogues 从多方对话中学习团队冲突的可推广模型
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400110
A. Enayet, G. Sukthankar
Good communication is indubitably the foundation of effective teamwork. Over time teams develop their own communication styles and often exhibit entrainment, a conversational phenomena in which humans synchronize their linguistic choices. Conversely, teams may experience conflict due to either personal incompatibility or differing viewpoints. We tackle the problem of predicting team conflict from embeddings learned from multiparty dialogues such that teams with similar post-task conflict scores lie close to one another in vector space. Embeddings were extracted from three types of features: (1) dialogue acts, (2) sentiment polarity, and (3) syntactic entrainment. Machine learning models often suffer domain shift; one advantage of encoding the semantic features is their adaptability across multiple domains. To provide intuition on the generalizability of different embeddings to other goal-oriented teamwork dialogues, we test the effectiveness of learned models trained on the Teams corpus on two other datasets. Unlike syntactic entrainment, both dialogue act and sentiment embeddings are effective for identifying team conflict. Our results show that dialogue act-based embeddings have the potential to generalize better than sentiment and entrainment-based embeddings. These findings have potential ramifications for the development of conversational agents that facilitate teaming.
良好的沟通无疑是有效团队合作的基础。随着时间的推移,团队形成了自己的沟通风格,并经常表现出娱乐,这是一种人们同步语言选择的会话现象。相反,团队可能会因为个人不相容或不同的观点而经历冲突。我们解决了从多方对话中学习的嵌入来预测团队冲突的问题,这样具有相似任务后冲突得分的团队在向量空间中彼此靠近。从三种类型的特征中提取嵌入:(1)对话行为,(2)情感极性,(3)句法夹带。机器学习模型经常遭受域转移;对语义特征进行编码的一个优点是其跨多个领域的适应性。为了直观地了解不同嵌入对其他面向目标的团队对话的可泛化性,我们在另外两个数据集上测试了在Teams语料库上训练的学习模型的有效性。与句法卷入不同,对话行为和情感嵌入对于识别团队冲突都是有效的。我们的研究结果表明,基于对话行为的嵌入比基于情感和娱乐的嵌入具有更好的泛化潜力。这些发现对促进团队合作的对话代理的发展具有潜在的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic Title Generation for Learning Resources and Pathways with Pre-trained Transformer Models 使用预训练变压器模型的学习资源和路径的自动标题生成
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400134
Prakhar Mishra, Chaitali Diwan, S. Srinivasa, G. Srinivasaraghavan
To create curiosity and interest for a topic in online learning is a challenging task. A good preview that outlines the contents of a learning pathway could help learners know the topic and get interested in it. Towards this end, we propose a hierarchical title generation approach to generate semantically relevant titles for the learning resources in a learning pathway and a title for the pathway itself. Our approach to Automatic Title Generation for a given text is based on pre-trained Transformer Language Model GPT-2. A pool of candidate titles are generated and an appropriate title is selected among them which is then refined or de-noised to get the final title. The model is trained on research paper abstracts from arXiv and evaluated on three different test sets. We show that it generates semantically and syntactically relevant titles as reflected in ROUGE, BLEU scores and human evaluations. We propose an optional abstractive Summarizer module based on pre-trained Transformer model T5 to shorten medium length documents. This module is also trained and evaluated on research papers from arXiv dataset. Finally, we show that the proposed model of hierarchical title generation for learning pathways has promising results.
在在线学习中,对一个话题产生好奇心和兴趣是一项具有挑战性的任务。一个好的预览,勾勒出学习路径的内容,可以帮助学习者了解主题,并对其产生兴趣。为此,我们提出了一种分层标题生成方法,为学习路径中的学习资源和路径本身生成语义相关的标题。我们为给定文本自动生成标题的方法是基于预训练的转换语言模型GPT-2。生成候选标题池,并从中选择合适的标题,然后对其进行细化或去噪以获得最终标题。该模型在arXiv的研究论文摘要上进行训练,并在三个不同的测试集上进行评估。我们表明,它生成语义和语法相关的标题,反映在ROUGE, BLEU分数和人类评价。我们提出了一个基于预训练的Transformer模型T5的可选抽象Summarizer模块来缩短中等长度的文档。该模块还对来自arXiv数据集的研究论文进行了训练和评估。最后,我们证明了所提出的学习路径分层标题生成模型具有良好的效果。
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引用次数: 2
Inspiring Movement - Physical Activity in a Virtual Sea as a Driver for Ecological Awareness 鼓舞人心的运动-虚拟海洋中的体育活动作为生态意识的驱动力
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400158
Carolin Straßmann, Alexander Arntz, S. Eimler
As environmental pollution continues to expand, new ways for raising awareness for the consequences need to be explored. Virtual reality has emerged as an effective tool for behavioral change. This paper investigates if virtual reality applications controlled through physical activity can support an even stronger effect, because they enhance attention and recall performance by stimulating working memory through motor functions. This was tested in an experimental study ([Formula: see text]) using a virtual reality head-mounted display in combination with the ICAROS fitness device enabling participants to explore either a plastic-polluted or a non-polluted sea. Results indicated that using a regular controller elicits more presence and a more intense Flow experience than the ICAROS condition, which people controlled via their physical activity. Moreover, the plastic-polluted stimulus was more effective in inducing people’s stated tendency to change their attitude than a non-polluted sea.
随着环境污染的不断扩大,需要探索提高人们对其后果认识的新方法。虚拟现实已经成为改变行为的有效工具。本文研究了通过身体活动控制的虚拟现实应用是否可以支持更强的效果,因为它们通过运动功能刺激工作记忆来增强注意力和回忆表现。这在一项实验研究中进行了测试([公式:见文本]),使用虚拟现实头戴式显示器与ICAROS健身设备相结合,使参与者能够探索被塑料污染或未被污染的海洋。结果表明,与ICAROS条件相比,使用常规控制器可以引发更多的存在感和更强烈的心流体验,而ICAROS条件是人们通过身体活动来控制的。此外,受塑料污染的刺激比未受污染的海洋更能有效地诱导人们改变态度。
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引用次数: 1
Generating Predictable and Adaptive Dialog Policies in Single- and Multi-domain Goal-oriented Dialog Systems 在单域和多域目标导向对话系统中生成可预测和自适应的对话策略
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400109
Nhat X. T. Le, A.B. Siddique, Fuad Jamour, Samet Oymak, Vagelis Hristidis
Most existing commercial goal-oriented chatbots are diagram-based; i.e. they follow a rigid dialog flow to fill the slot values needed to achieve a user’s goal. Diagram-based chatbots are predictable, thus their adoption in commercial settings; however, their lack of flexibility may cause many users to leave the conversation before achieving their goal. On the other hand, state-of-the-art research chatbots use Reinforcement Learning (RL) to generate flexible dialog policies. However, such chatbots can be unpredictable, may violate the intended business constraints, and require large training datasets to produce a mature policy. We propose a framework that achieves a middle ground between the diagram-based and RL-based chatbots: we constrain the space of possible chatbot responses using a novel structure, the chatbot dependency graph, and use RL to dynamically select the best valid responses. Dependency graphs are directed graphs that conveniently express a chatbot’s logic by defining the dependencies among slots: all valid dialog flows are encapsulated in one dependency graph. Our experiments in both single-domain and multi-domain settings show that our framework quickly adapts to user characteristics and achieves up to 23.77% improved success rate compared to a state-of-the-art RL model.
大多数现有的商业目标导向聊天机器人都是基于图表的;也就是说,它们遵循严格的对话流程来填充实现用户目标所需的槽值。基于图表的聊天机器人是可预测的,因此它们在商业环境中的采用;然而,它们缺乏灵活性可能会导致许多用户在实现目标之前离开对话。另一方面,最先进的研究聊天机器人使用强化学习(RL)来生成灵活的对话策略。然而,这种聊天机器人可能是不可预测的,可能违反预期的业务约束,并且需要大量的训练数据集来生成成熟的策略。我们提出了一个介于基于图的聊天机器人和基于强化学习的聊天机器人之间的框架:我们使用一种新的结构,即聊天机器人依赖图来约束可能的聊天机器人响应的空间,并使用强化学习来动态选择最佳有效响应。依赖图是有向图,它通过定义插槽之间的依赖关系来方便地表达聊天机器人的逻辑:所有有效的对话流都封装在一个依赖图中。我们在单域和多域设置下的实验表明,我们的框架可以快速适应用户特征,与最先进的强化学习模型相比,成功率提高了23.77%。
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引用次数: 3
Identifying and Translating Subjective Content Descriptions Among Texts 文本中主观内容描述的识别与翻译
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400122
Magnus Bender, Tanya Braun, M. Gehrke, Felix Kuhr, Ralf Möller, Simon Schiff
An agent pursuing a task may work with a corpus of documents as a reference library. Subjective content descriptions (SCDs) provide additional data that add value in the context of the agent’s task. In the pursuit of documents to add to the corpus, an agent may come across new documents where content text and SCDs from another agent are interleaved and no distinction can be made unless the agent knows the content from somewhere else. Therefore, this paper presents a hidden Markov model-based approach to identify SCDs in a new document where SCDs occur inline among content text. Additionally, we present a dictionary selection approach to identify suitable translations for content text and SCDs based on [Formula: see text]-grams. We end with a case study evaluating both approaches based on simulated and real-world data.
执行任务的代理可以使用文档语料库作为参考库。主观内容描述(scd)提供在代理任务上下文中增加价值的附加数据。在寻找要添加到语料库的文档时,代理可能会遇到新文档,其中内容文本和来自另一个代理的scd交织在一起,除非代理知道来自其他地方的内容,否则无法区分。因此,本文提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型的方法来识别新文档中的scd,其中scd在内容文本中内联出现。此外,我们提出了一种基于[公式:见文本]-grams的字典选择方法来识别内容文本和scd的合适翻译。最后,我们以一个基于模拟和真实数据的案例研究来评估这两种方法。
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引用次数: 2
Decoupled Iterative Deep Sensor Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentation 解耦迭代深度传感器融合三维语义分割
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x21400067
Fabian Duerr, H. Weigel, J. Beyerer
One of the key tasks for autonomous vehicles or robots is a robust perception of their 3D environment, which is why autonomous vehicles or robots are equipped with a wide range of different sensors. Building upon a robust sensor setup, understanding and interpreting their 3D environment is the next important step. Semantic segmentation of 3D sensor data, e.g. point clouds, provides valuable information for this task and is often seen as key enabler for 3D scene understanding. This work presents an iterative deep fusion architecture for semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds, which builds upon a range image representation of the point clouds and additionally exploits camera features to increase accuracy and robustness. In contrast to other approaches, which fuse lidar and camera features once, the proposed fusion strategy iteratively combines and refines lidar and camera features at different scales inside the network architecture. Additionally, the proposed approach can deal with camera failure as well as jointly predict lidar and camera segmentation. We demonstrate the benefits of the presented iterative deep fusion approach on two challenging datasets, outperforming all range image-based lidar and fusion approaches. An in-depth evaluation underlines the effectiveness of the proposed fusion strategy and the potential of camera features for 3D semantic segmentation.
自动驾驶汽车或机器人的关键任务之一是对其3D环境的强大感知,这就是为什么自动驾驶汽车或机器人配备了各种不同的传感器。建立在一个强大的传感器设置,理解和解释他们的3D环境是下一个重要步骤。3D传感器数据的语义分割,例如点云,为这项任务提供了有价值的信息,通常被视为3D场景理解的关键促成因素。这项工作提出了一种用于3D点云语义分割的迭代深度融合架构,该架构建立在点云的范围图像表示的基础上,并利用相机特性来提高准确性和鲁棒性。与其他方法一次融合激光雷达和摄像机特征不同,本文提出的融合策略在网络架构内迭代地结合和细化不同尺度的激光雷达和摄像机特征。此外,该方法可以处理相机故障,并可以联合预测激光雷达和相机分割。我们在两个具有挑战性的数据集上展示了所提出的迭代深度融合方法的优点,优于所有基于距离图像的激光雷达和融合方法。深入的评估强调了所提出的融合策略的有效性和相机特征在3D语义分割方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Int. J. Semantic Comput.
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