Cody D. Neshteruk, Shivani Chandrashekaran, Sarah C. Armstrong, Asheley C. Skinner, Jesse Delarosa, Emily M. D'Agostino
Background
Neighbourhood factors are associated with cardiovascular health in adults, but these relationships are under-explored in youth.
Objectives
To characterize the associations between neighbourhood factors and child and adolescent health among youth with obesity.
Methods
Data were drawn from patient health records at a pediatric weight management clinic (n = 2838) and the Child Opportunity Index (COI). Exposures were area-level neighbourhood factors (commute duration, walkability, greenspace and industrial pollutants). Outcomes included BMI relative to the 95th percentile (BMIp95) and blood pressure (continuous variables). Longitudinal models examined associations between COI indicators and outcomes.
Results
Shorter commute duration (β = −4.31, 95% CI: −5.92, −2.71) and greater walkability (β = −4.40, 95% CI: −5.98, −2.82) were negatively associated with BMIp95. Increased greenspace availability was positively associated with BMIp95 (β = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.19, 3.67). None of the COI indicators were associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the full sample. Analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity showed similar patterns for BMIp95. For commute duration, there was a negative association with blood pressure for female, non-Hispanic White and other race/ethnicity youth.
Conclusions
Neighbourhood factors should be considered as contextual factors when treating youth with obesity. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between neighbourhood factors and cardiovascular outcomes.
{"title":"The longitudinal association between neighbourhood quality and cardiovascular risk factors among youth receiving obesity treatment","authors":"Cody D. Neshteruk, Shivani Chandrashekaran, Sarah C. Armstrong, Asheley C. Skinner, Jesse Delarosa, Emily M. D'Agostino","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neighbourhood factors are associated with cardiovascular health in adults, but these relationships are under-explored in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize the associations between neighbourhood factors and child and adolescent health among youth with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from patient health records at a pediatric weight management clinic (<i>n</i> = 2838) and the Child Opportunity Index (COI). Exposures were area-level neighbourhood factors (commute duration, walkability, greenspace and industrial pollutants). Outcomes included BMI relative to the 95th percentile (BMIp95) and blood pressure (continuous variables). Longitudinal models examined associations between COI indicators and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shorter commute duration (<i>β</i> = −4.31, 95% CI: −5.92, −2.71) and greater walkability (<i>β</i> = −4.40, 95% CI: −5.98, −2.82) were negatively associated with BMIp95. Increased greenspace availability was positively associated with BMIp95 (<i>β</i> = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.19, 3.67). None of the COI indicators were associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the full sample. Analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity showed similar patterns for BMIp95. For commute duration, there was a negative association with blood pressure for female, non-Hispanic White and other race/ethnicity youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neighbourhood factors should be considered as contextual factors when treating youth with obesity. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between neighbourhood factors and cardiovascular outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71409979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David H. Rehkopf, Janet M. Wojcicki, K. Farish Haydel, Jue Lin, Dana L. Smith, Kristopher I. Kapphahn, Thomas N. Robinson
Objective
To examine changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioural weight control program for children with obesity.
Methods
We measured LTL among a cohort of 158 children 8–12 years of age with a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex. Children were 55% female, 29% white, 52% Latinx, 8% Asian and 11% Pacific Islander, other or multiethnic. All children participated in a 6-month, family-based, group behavioural weight control program and were assessed before treatment, after treatment and 1 year after the end of treatment. To test the sample population slope of LTL over the intervention and maintenance time periods, we fit spline mixed-effect regression models.
Results
LTL increased an average of 0.09 T/S units per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.13; p = 0.0001) during the weight control program intervention period, followed by an average decline of −0.05 T/S units per year (95% CI −0.08 to −0.03; p < 0.0001) during the 1 year of follow-up after the completion of the intervention. Among 26 social, psychological, behavioural and physiological factors we examined, we did not find any predictors of these changes.
Conclusions
LTL increased in response to a behavioural weight control program among children with obesity, suggesting an impact on biological health and cellular aging from participation in a behavioural weight control intervention. LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioural interventions.
{"title":"Changes in leukocyte telomere length among children with obesity participating in a behavioural weight control program","authors":"David H. Rehkopf, Janet M. Wojcicki, K. Farish Haydel, Jue Lin, Dana L. Smith, Kristopher I. Kapphahn, Thomas N. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioural weight control program for children with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured LTL among a cohort of 158 children 8–12 years of age with a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex. Children were 55% female, 29% white, 52% Latinx, 8% Asian and 11% Pacific Islander, other or multiethnic. All children participated in a 6-month, family-based, group behavioural weight control program and were assessed before treatment, after treatment and 1 year after the end of treatment. To test the sample population slope of LTL over the intervention and maintenance time periods, we fit spline mixed-effect regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LTL increased an average of 0.09 T/S units per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.13; <i>p</i> = 0.0001) during the weight control program intervention period, followed by an average decline of −0.05 T/S units per year (95% CI −0.08 to −0.03; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) during the 1 year of follow-up after the completion of the intervention. Among 26 social, psychological, behavioural and physiological factors we examined, we did not find any predictors of these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LTL increased in response to a behavioural weight control program among children with obesity, suggesting an impact on biological health and cellular aging from participation in a behavioural weight control intervention. LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioural interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alysha B. Everett, W. Timothy Garvey, Jose R. Fernandez, Kirk Habegger, Lorie M. Harper, Ashley N. Battarbee, Samantha L. Martin, Bethany A. Moore, Amelia E. Fouts, Jessica Bahorski, Paula C. Chandler-Laney
Background
Leptin resistance occurs with obesity, but it is unknown if individuals at risk for obesity develop leptin resistance prior to obesity.
Objective
Investigate whether leptin resistance is independent of weight status in children at risk for obesity due to intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods
Mother–child dyads (N = 179) were grouped by maternal pregnancy weight and GDM status: (1) normal weight, no GDM; (2) overweight/obesity, no GDM; (3) overweight/obesity with GDM. Children (4–10 years) were further stratified by current body mass index (BMI) <85th or ≥85th percentile. Leptin resistance of children and mothers was calculated as fasting leptin/fat mass index. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess whether leptin concentrations and leptin resistance differed by current weight status or in utero exposure group, after adjusting for race, sex and Tanner stage.
Results
Children with a BMI ≥85th percentile had more leptin resistance than those with a BMI <85th percentile (p < 0.001), but leptin resistance did not differ by in utero exposure. Similarly, leptin resistance in women was associated with weight status and not prior GDM.
Conclusions
Results suggest that leptin concentrations are associated with obesity but not risk for obesity based on in utero exposure to maternal obesity or GDM.
{"title":"Leptin resistance in children with in utero exposure to maternal obesity and gestational diabetes","authors":"Alysha B. Everett, W. Timothy Garvey, Jose R. Fernandez, Kirk Habegger, Lorie M. Harper, Ashley N. Battarbee, Samantha L. Martin, Bethany A. Moore, Amelia E. Fouts, Jessica Bahorski, Paula C. Chandler-Laney","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leptin resistance occurs with obesity, but it is unknown if individuals at risk for obesity develop leptin resistance prior to obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>I</b>nvestigate whether leptin resistance is independent of weight status in children at risk for obesity due to intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mother–child dyads (<i>N</i> = 179) were grouped by maternal pregnancy weight and GDM status: (1) normal weight, no GDM; (2) overweight/obesity, no GDM; (3) overweight/obesity with GDM. Children (4–10 years) were further stratified by current body mass index (BMI) <85th or ≥85th percentile. Leptin resistance of children and mothers was calculated as fasting leptin/fat mass index. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess whether leptin concentrations and leptin resistance differed by current weight status or in utero exposure group, after adjusting for race, sex and Tanner stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with a BMI ≥85th percentile had more leptin resistance than those with a BMI <85th percentile (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but leptin resistance did not differ by in utero exposure. Similarly, leptin resistance in women was associated with weight status and not prior GDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggest that leptin concentrations are associated with obesity but not risk for obesity based on in utero exposure to maternal obesity or GDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49672129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feixiang Zhou, Gang Tian, Yiran Cui, Simin He, Yan Yan
Background
The progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in childhood obesity and its indicators is challenging and there are differences in genetic studies in children and adults.
Objective
To illustrate the history of the development of GWAS in childhood obesity and its indicators and summarize the GWAS loci.
Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2005 to 19 October 2022 for literature related to GWAS of childhood BMI, body fatness and obesity. The nearest genes were used as positional genes to perform gene set analyses including the enrichment of pathways, tissues and diseases.
Results
Twenty articles published between 2007 and 2021 were included in this scoping review, which identified 116 SNPs reaching genome-wide significance with childhood BMI (n = 50), body fatness (n = 31) and obesity (n = 35). The study populations were European in 16 studies, non-European in three studies (1 East Asian; 1 American; 1 Mexican) and trans-ancestry in one study. Several enriched pathways, tissues and diseases were identified through enrichment analysis of genes associated with childhood obesity and its indicators.
Conclusions
The innovations in tools and methods enable GWAS to better explore the genetic characteristics of obesity in children and adolescents. However, the number of GWAS in American, Asian and African populations is limited compared to the European population.
背景：儿童肥胖及其指标的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）进展具有挑战性，儿童和成人的遗传研究存在差异。目的：阐明儿童肥胖GWAS的发展史及其指标，总结GWAS基因座。方法：从2005年1月1日至2022年10月19日，系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和GWAS目录数据库中与儿童BMI、体脂和肥胖的GWAS相关的文献。最近的基因被用作定位基因，以进行基因集分析，包括途径、组织和疾病的富集。结果：2007年至2021年间发表的20篇文章被纳入这一范围界定综述，其中确定了116个SNPs与儿童BMI（n = 50），体脂（n = 31）和肥胖（n = 35）。在16项研究中，研究人群为欧洲人，在3项研究中为非欧洲人（1项东亚人；1项美国人；1项墨西哥人），在一项研究中有跨性别血统。通过对儿童肥胖相关基因及其指标的富集分析，确定了几种富集途径、组织和疾病。结论：工具和方法的创新使GWAS能够更好地探索儿童和青少年肥胖的遗传特征。然而，与欧洲人口相比，美国、亚洲和非洲人口中的GWAS数量有限。
{"title":"Development of genome-wide association studies on childhood obesity and its indicators: A scoping review and enrichment analysis","authors":"Feixiang Zhou, Gang Tian, Yiran Cui, Simin He, Yan Yan","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in childhood obesity and its indicators is challenging and there are differences in genetic studies in children and adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To illustrate the history of the development of GWAS in childhood obesity and its indicators and summarize the GWAS loci.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2005 to 19 October 2022 for literature related to GWAS of childhood BMI, body fatness and obesity. The nearest genes were used as positional genes to perform gene set analyses including the enrichment of pathways, tissues and diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty articles published between 2007 and 2021 were included in this scoping review, which identified 116 SNPs reaching genome-wide significance with childhood BMI (<i>n</i> = 50), body fatness (<i>n</i> = 31) and obesity (<i>n</i> = 35). The study populations were European in 16 studies, non-European in three studies (1 East Asian; 1 American; 1 Mexican) and trans-ancestry in one study. Several enriched pathways, tissues and diseases were identified through enrichment analysis of genes associated with childhood obesity and its indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The innovations in tools and methods enable GWAS to better explore the genetic characteristics of obesity in children and adolescents. However, the number of GWAS in American, Asian and African populations is limited compared to the European population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41145455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Descarpentrie, Lucinda Calas, Maxime Cornet, Barbara Heude, Marie-Aline Charles, Demetris Avraam, Sonia Brescianini, Tim Cadman, Ahmed Elhakeem, Sílvia Fernández-Barrés, Jennifer R. Harris, Hazel Inskip, Jordi Julvez, Sabrina Llop, Katerina Margetaki, Silvia Maritano, Johanna Lucia Thorbjornsrud Nader, Theano Roumeliotaki, Theodosia Salika, Mikel Subiza-Pérez, Marina Vafeiadi, Martine Vrijheid, John Wright, Tiffany Yang, Patricia Dargent-Molina, Sandrine Lioret
Background
Energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs), that is, dietary intake, screen, outdoor play and sleep, tend to combine into ‘lifestyle patterns’, with potential synergistic influences on health. To date, studies addressing this theme mainly focused on school children and rarely accounted for sleep, with a cross-country perspective.
Objectives
We aimed at comparing lifestyle patterns among preschool-aged children across Europe, their associations with socio-demographic factors and their links with body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Harmonized data on 2–5-year-olds participating in nine European birth cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network were used (EBRBs, socio-demographics and anthropometrics). Principal component analysis and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed.
Results
The most consistent pattern identified across cohorts was defined by at least three of the following EBRBs: discretionary consumption, high screen time, low outdoor play time and low sleep duration. Consistently, children from low-income households and born to mothers with low education level had higher scores on this pattern compared to their socioeconomically advantaged counterparts. Furthermore, it was associated with higher BMI z-scores in the Spanish and Italian cohorts (β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.02; 0.10], both studies).
Conclusion
These findings may be valuable in informing early multi-behavioural interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in health at a European scale.
{"title":"Lifestyle patterns in European preschoolers: Associations with socio-demographic factors and body mass index","authors":"Alexandra Descarpentrie, Lucinda Calas, Maxime Cornet, Barbara Heude, Marie-Aline Charles, Demetris Avraam, Sonia Brescianini, Tim Cadman, Ahmed Elhakeem, Sílvia Fernández-Barrés, Jennifer R. Harris, Hazel Inskip, Jordi Julvez, Sabrina Llop, Katerina Margetaki, Silvia Maritano, Johanna Lucia Thorbjornsrud Nader, Theano Roumeliotaki, Theodosia Salika, Mikel Subiza-Pérez, Marina Vafeiadi, Martine Vrijheid, John Wright, Tiffany Yang, Patricia Dargent-Molina, Sandrine Lioret","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs), that is, dietary intake, screen, outdoor play and sleep, tend to combine into ‘lifestyle patterns’, with potential synergistic influences on health. To date, studies addressing this theme mainly focused on school children and rarely accounted for sleep, with a cross-country perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed at comparing lifestyle patterns among preschool-aged children across Europe, their associations with socio-demographic factors and their links with body mass index (BMI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Harmonized data on 2–5-year-olds participating in nine European birth cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network were used (EBRBs, socio-demographics and anthropometrics). Principal component analysis and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most consistent pattern identified across cohorts was defined by at least three of the following EBRBs: discretionary consumption, high screen time, low outdoor play time and low sleep duration. Consistently, children from low-income households and born to mothers with low education level had higher scores on this pattern compared to their socioeconomically advantaged counterparts. Furthermore, it was associated with higher BMI z-scores in the Spanish and Italian cohorts (β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.02; 0.10], both studies).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings may be valuable in informing early multi-behavioural interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in health at a European scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Reichenbach, Wade O'Brien, Sarai Duran, Kayla J. Authelet, Robert J. Freishtat, Evan P. Nadler, Deepa Rastogi
Background
Obesity is a risk factor for paediatric asthma. Obesity-mediated systemic inflammation correlates with metabolic dysregulation; both are associated with asthma burden. However, adipose tissue inflammation is not defined in obesity-related asthma.
Objective
Define adipose tissue inflammation and its association with metabolic measures in paediatric obesity-related asthma.
Methods
Cellular profile of stromal vascular fraction from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from youth with obesity-related asthma (n = 14) and obesity without asthma (n = 23) was analyzed using flow cytometry and correlated with metabolic measures.
Results
Compared to youth without asthma, VAT from youth with obesity-related asthma was enriched for leukocytes and macrophages, including M1 and dual M1M2 cells, but did not differ for CD4+ lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, their progenitors, and preadipocytes. M1 macrophage counts positively correlated with glucose, while M1M2 cells, CD4+ lymphocytes, and their subsets negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein, in youth with obesity without asthma, but not among those with obesity-related asthma.
Conclusions
Enrichment of macrophage-mediated inflammation in VAT from youth with obesity-related asthma supports its role in systemic inflammation linked with asthma morbidity. Lack of correlation of VAT cells with metabolic dysregulation in youth with obesity-related asthma identifies a need to define distinguishing factors associated with VAT inflammation in obesity-related asthma.
{"title":"Immune profile of adipose tissue from youth with obesity and asthma","authors":"Anna Reichenbach, Wade O'Brien, Sarai Duran, Kayla J. Authelet, Robert J. Freishtat, Evan P. Nadler, Deepa Rastogi","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is a risk factor for paediatric asthma. Obesity-mediated systemic inflammation correlates with metabolic dysregulation; both are associated with asthma burden. However, adipose tissue inflammation is not defined in obesity-related asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Define adipose tissue inflammation and its association with metabolic measures in paediatric obesity-related asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cellular profile of stromal vascular fraction from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from youth with obesity-related asthma (<i>n</i> = 14) and obesity without asthma (<i>n</i> = 23) was analyzed using flow cytometry and correlated with metabolic measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to youth without asthma, VAT from youth with obesity-related asthma was enriched for leukocytes and macrophages, including M1 and dual M1M2 cells, but did not differ for CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, their progenitors, and preadipocytes. M1 macrophage counts positively correlated with glucose, while M1M2 cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes, and their subsets negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein, in youth with obesity without asthma, but not among those with obesity-related asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enrichment of macrophage-mediated inflammation in VAT from youth with obesity-related asthma supports its role in systemic inflammation linked with asthma morbidity. Lack of correlation of VAT cells with metabolic dysregulation in youth with obesity-related asthma identifies a need to define distinguishing factors associated with VAT inflammation in obesity-related asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tong Wu, Junwen Yang-Huang, Meike W. Vernooij, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Hein Raat, Stefan Klein, Edwin H. G. Oei
Background
Body composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and screen time with overall and specific fat depots in the general adolescent population.
Methods
In a population-based prospective cohort study, among 3258 adolescents aged 13 years, physical activity and screen time were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Body mass index, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based measures (i.e. fat mass and lean body mass) and magnetic resonance imaging–based measures (i.e. abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass) were obtained.
Results
After adjusting for social-demographic and growth-related factors, each additional hour of daily physical activity was associated with lower fat mass, abdominal visceral fat mass and higher lean body mass (all p < 0.05). However, these associations were not observed in the longitudinal analyses. Each additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher body mass index, fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (all p < 0.05), which were consistent with the longitudinal analyses.
Conclusion
Adolescents with higher physical activity and lower screen time had lower levels of adiposity both at the general and visceral levels.
{"title":"Physical activity, screen time and body composition in 13-year-old adolescents: The Generation R Study","authors":"Tong Wu, Junwen Yang-Huang, Meike W. Vernooij, María Rodriguez-Ayllon, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Hein Raat, Stefan Klein, Edwin H. G. Oei","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and screen time with overall and specific fat depots in the general adolescent population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a population-based prospective cohort study, among 3258 adolescents aged 13 years, physical activity and screen time were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Body mass index, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based measures (i.e. fat mass and lean body mass) and magnetic resonance imaging–based measures (i.e. abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass) were obtained.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjusting for social-demographic and growth-related factors, each additional hour of daily physical activity was associated with lower fat mass, abdominal visceral fat mass and higher lean body mass (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, these associations were not observed in the longitudinal analyses. Each additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher body mass index, fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), which were consistent with the longitudinal analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents with higher physical activity and lower screen time had lower levels of adiposity both at the general and visceral levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Safo Oduro, Daniel Katey, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Prince Peprah
Background
The relationship between adolescent problematic social media use (PSMU) and overweight/obesity and the potential explanatory pathways for this association are unclear. This study (1) examined the relationship between PSMU and overweight/obesity and (2) evaluated potential explanatory pathways for this association.
Methods
The data used in this study came from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. A sample of 124 667 in-school adolescents from 39 high-income countries was analysed. Sequential logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between PSMU and overweight/obesity. Pathway analysis using a non-parametric bootstrapping technique tested the hypothesized mediating roles.
Results
The multivariable logistic regressions indicated that higher problematic social media users were 1.11 times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who reported low PSMU (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.05–1.18). Our bootstrapping mediation analyses showed that PSMU indirectly influenced overweight/obesity through breakfast skipping, life satisfaction, family communication, self-rated health, and physical activity, accounting for 19.8% (β = 0.0068, Boots 95% CI = 0.0056–0.0074), 15.1% (β = 0.0050, Boots 95% CI = 0.0046–0.0056), 9.2% (β = 0.0031, Boots 95% CI = 0.0024–0.0038), 7.8% (β = 0.0024, Boots 95% CI = 0.001–0.004), and 5.2% (β = 0.0017, Boots 95% CI = 0.0014–0.0023), respectively, of the total effect.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that used nationally representative data from multiple countries in high-income countries to examine the association between PSMU and overweight/obesity and potential explanatory pathways among school-going adolescents. This finding has important implications for public health interventions to reduce overweight/obesity rates among young people.
{"title":"Problematic social media use and overweight/obesity: explanatory pathway analysis of 124 667 in-school adolescents in 39 high-income countries","authors":"Michael Safo Oduro, Daniel Katey, Anthony Kwame Morgan, Prince Peprah","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between adolescent problematic social media use (PSMU) and overweight/obesity and the potential explanatory pathways for this association are unclear. This study (1) examined the relationship between PSMU and overweight/obesity and (2) evaluated potential explanatory pathways for this association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data used in this study came from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. A sample of 124 667 in-school adolescents from 39 high-income countries was analysed. Sequential logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between PSMU and overweight/obesity. Pathway analysis using a non-parametric bootstrapping technique tested the hypothesized mediating roles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The multivariable logistic regressions indicated that higher problematic social media users were 1.11 times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who reported low PSMU (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.05–1.18). Our bootstrapping mediation analyses showed that PSMU indirectly influenced overweight/obesity through breakfast skipping, life satisfaction, family communication, self-rated health, and physical activity, accounting for 19.8% (<i>β</i> = 0.0068, Boots 95% CI = 0.0056–0.0074), 15.1% (<i>β</i> = 0.0050, Boots 95% CI = 0.0046–0.0056), 9.2% (<i>β</i> = 0.0031, Boots 95% CI = 0.0024–0.0038), 7.8% (<i>β</i> = 0.0024, Boots 95% CI = 0.001–0.004), and 5.2% (<i>β</i> = 0.0017, Boots 95% CI = 0.0014–0.0023), respectively, of the total effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that used nationally representative data from multiple countries in high-income countries to examine the association between PSMU and overweight/obesity and potential explanatory pathways among school-going adolescents. This finding has important implications for public health interventions to reduce overweight/obesity rates among young people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maurane Desmet, Alicia Fillon, David Thivel, Ann Tanghe, Caroline Braet
Background
Integrating mobile health (mHealth) into paediatric obesity treatment can provide opportunities for more personalized and lifetime treatment. However, high attrition rates pose a significant challenge. The current study attempts to better understand attrition by exploring (1) attrition rates of a monitoring mHealth application for usage over 14 days and (2) testing predictors of attrition in adolescents with obesity.
Methods
Participants were 69 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who engaged in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment centre (either outpatient or inpatient) in two countries (Belgium and France). To assess the attrition rates, frequency distributions were used. To test the predictors of attrition, zero-inflated negative binomial regression was performed.
Results
Attrition rates were high, in the outpatient group, more than half of the participants (53.3%) used the app for only 0–7 days. In the inpatient group, this percentage was 24.1%. Only deficits in initiating (a component of executive functions) were a negative predictor of attrition, indicating that deficits in initiating lead to lower attrition rates.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence for high attrition rates in mHealth interventions for adolescents with obesity and was the first to investigate psychological predictors of attrition to an mHealth monitoring tool in adolescents with obesity in treatment. Findings regarding predictors of attrition should be approached with caution due to the small sample size.
{"title":"Attrition rate and predictors of a monitoring mHealth application in adolescents with obesity","authors":"Maurane Desmet, Alicia Fillon, David Thivel, Ann Tanghe, Caroline Braet","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Integrating mobile health (mHealth) into paediatric obesity treatment can provide opportunities for more personalized and lifetime treatment. However, high attrition rates pose a significant challenge. The current study attempts to better understand attrition by exploring (1) attrition rates of a monitoring mHealth application for usage over 14 days and (2) testing predictors of attrition in adolescents with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 69 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who engaged in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment centre (either outpatient or inpatient) in two countries (Belgium and France). To assess the attrition rates, frequency distributions were used. To test the predictors of attrition, zero-inflated negative binomial regression was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attrition rates were high, in the outpatient group, more than half of the participants (53.3%) used the app for only 0–7 days. In the inpatient group, this percentage was 24.1%. Only deficits in initiating (a component of executive functions) were a negative predictor of attrition, indicating that deficits in initiating lead to lower attrition rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides evidence for high attrition rates in mHealth interventions for adolescents with obesity and was the first to investigate psychological predictors of attrition to an mHealth monitoring tool in adolescents with obesity in treatment. Findings regarding predictors of attrition should be approached with caution due to the small sample size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia Persaud, E. Whitney Evans, Meghan Perkins, Meg Simione, Erika R. Cheng, Mandy Luo, Rachel Burgun, Elsie M. Taveras, Lauren Fiechtner
Background
Childhood obesity is a critical public health concern. One potential determinant to obesity that is less understood is food insecurity.
Objective
To examine the association of food security status on body mass index (BMI) change in a Pediatric Weight Management Intervention (PWMI) consistent with national treatment recommendations.
Methods
This analysis included 201 participants from the Healthy Weight Clinic (HWC). Using linear mixed models, we compared BMI and %BMIp95 change per year between the food insecure group and food secure group, adjusting for baseline BMI, age and sex, and SNAP enrolment.
Results
In fully adjusted models, children in households with food insecurity had a 0.50 (0.26–0.74) kg/m2 BMI increase per year and a 2.10 (1.02–3.19) %BMIp95 increase per year compared to households that were food secure.
Conclusions
When comparing the BMI effect of the HWC between the food insecure group and food secure group, those experiencing food insecurity in the HWC had an increase in BMI compared to those with food security. These findings suggest that food insecurity may reduce the effectiveness of PWMIs consistent with national recommendations; however, more studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship.
{"title":"The association of food insecurity on body mass index change in a pediatric weight management intervention","authors":"Alicia Persaud, E. Whitney Evans, Meghan Perkins, Meg Simione, Erika R. Cheng, Mandy Luo, Rachel Burgun, Elsie M. Taveras, Lauren Fiechtner","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity is a critical public health concern. One potential determinant to obesity that is less understood is food insecurity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the association of food security status on body mass index (BMI) change in a Pediatric Weight Management Intervention (PWMI) consistent with national treatment recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis included 201 participants from the Healthy Weight Clinic (HWC). Using linear mixed models, we compared BMI and %BMIp<sub>95</sub> change per year between the food insecure group and food secure group, adjusting for baseline BMI, age and sex, and SNAP enrolment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In fully adjusted models, children in households with food insecurity had a 0.50 (0.26–0.74) kg/m<sup>2</sup> BMI increase per year and a 2.10 (1.02–3.19) %BMIp<sub>95</sub> increase per year compared to households that were food secure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When comparing the BMI effect of the HWC between the food insecure group and food secure group, those experiencing food insecurity in the HWC had an increase in BMI compared to those with food security. These findings suggest that food insecurity may reduce the effectiveness of PWMIs consistent with national recommendations; however, more studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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