Xiao-Yan Shi, Ya-Kun Liu, Yan Chen, Zhi-Ying Jiang, Meng-Xuan Ye, Jian Wang
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a prevalent liver condition in children and teenagers with obesity. Unfortunately, there is no standardized treatment.
Objective
To examine the connection between apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and the apoB/apoA1 ratio with the occurrence of MASLD in this population.
Methods
A retrospective study was made on children and adolescents with obesity in a children's hospital between the period 2020 and 2022. Anthropometric data, ultrasound results, and blood biochemistry were analysed to assess the connection between apoB, apoA1, and the presence of MASLD.
Results
Of the 916 participants included, 313 were diagnosed with MASLD. The level of serum apoB reflected a substantial dose–response correlation with the odds of having MASLD. When apoB levels exceeded the 50th percentile, the risk increased significantly, and at the 95th percentile, the odds were 4.83 times higher than at the 50th percentile (95% CI: 2.02–11.56). The ratio of apoB/apoA1 at the 95th percentile was connected to a 2.41-fold higher prevalence compared to the 50th percentile (95% CI: 1.33–4.37). No significant correlation was found between the levels of apoA1 and MASLD prevalence.
Conclusion
Elevated levels of apoB and the apoB/apoA1 ratio have been strongly connected to increased MASLD prevalence in children and adolescents with obesity; hence, signifying their potential usefulness as biomarkers for early detection and intervention.
{"title":"The correlation of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1 with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children and adolescents with obesity","authors":"Xiao-Yan Shi, Ya-Kun Liu, Yan Chen, Zhi-Ying Jiang, Meng-Xuan Ye, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a prevalent liver condition in children and teenagers with obesity. Unfortunately, there is no standardized treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the connection between apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and the apoB/apoA1 ratio with the occurrence of MASLD in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study was made on children and adolescents with obesity in a children's hospital between the period 2020 and 2022. Anthropometric data, ultrasound results, and blood biochemistry were analysed to assess the connection between apoB, apoA1, and the presence of MASLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 916 participants included, 313 were diagnosed with MASLD. The level of serum apoB reflected a substantial dose–response correlation with the odds of having MASLD. When apoB levels exceeded the 50th percentile, the risk increased significantly, and at the 95th percentile, the odds were 4.83 times higher than at the 50th percentile (95% CI: 2.02–11.56). The ratio of apoB/apoA1 at the 95th percentile was connected to a 2.41-fold higher prevalence compared to the 50th percentile (95% CI: 1.33–4.37). No significant correlation was found between the levels of apoA1 and MASLD prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated levels of apoB and the apoB/apoA1 ratio have been strongly connected to increased MASLD prevalence in children and adolescents with obesity; hence, signifying their potential usefulness as biomarkers for early detection and intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masahiro Noda, Satomi Yoshida, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Masato Takeuchi, Chihiro Kawakami, Koji Kawakami, Shuichi Ito, The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in affluent nations, with parental education as a key factor. However, the meaning of socioeconomic indicators may vary by race and country, and research on this topic in Asian countries is limited.
Objectives
We investigated the association between parents' educational status and childhood obesity in Japan.
Methods
We utilized data from Japan's birth cohort, recruiting participants from 2011 to 2014, and included 49 564 children. Parental educational status was categorized into four groups: both parents with lower education (LM-LF), mothers with higher education and fathers with lower education (HM-LF), mothers with lower education and fathers with higher education (LM-HF), and both parents with higher education (HM-HF). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between parental education and overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children.
Results
Of the participants, 17.9%, 16.9%, 16.2% and 15.4% were overweight/obese; and 5.5%, 4.6%, 4.4% and 3.8% were obese in LM-LF, HM-LF, LM-HF and HM-HF groups, respectively. When the reference group was defined as children born to parents with HM-HF, the adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity in LM-LF, HM-LF and LM-HF were 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.06–1.21), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95–1.12); and those for obesity were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.20–1.50), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.96–1.28), respectively.
Conclusions
Lower educational status in both parents was associated with overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children in Japan. Public policies might target parents with lower education to prevent childhood obesity.
{"title":"Investigating the association between parental educational status and offspring obesity risk using the Japan Environment and Children's Study","authors":"Masahiro Noda, Satomi Yoshida, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Masato Takeuchi, Chihiro Kawakami, Koji Kawakami, Shuichi Ito, The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in affluent nations, with parental education as a key factor. However, the meaning of socioeconomic indicators may vary by race and country, and research on this topic in Asian countries is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the association between parents' educational status and childhood obesity in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilized data from Japan's birth cohort, recruiting participants from 2011 to 2014, and included 49 564 children. Parental educational status was categorized into four groups: both parents with lower education (LM-LF), mothers with higher education and fathers with lower education (HM-LF), mothers with lower education and fathers with higher education (LM-HF), and both parents with higher education (HM-HF). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between parental education and overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the participants, 17.9%, 16.9%, 16.2% and 15.4% were overweight/obese; and 5.5%, 4.6%, 4.4% and 3.8% were obese in LM-LF, HM-LF, LM-HF and HM-HF groups, respectively. When the reference group was defined as children born to parents with HM-HF, the adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity in LM-LF, HM-LF and LM-HF were 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.06–1.21), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95–1.12); and those for obesity were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.20–1.50), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.96–1.28), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower educational status in both parents was associated with overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children in Japan. Public policies might target parents with lower education to prevent childhood obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Álvaro Torres-Martos, Francisco Requena, Guadalupe López-Rodríguez, Jhazmin Hernández-Cabrera, Marcos Galván, Elizabeth Solís-Pérez, Susana Romo-Tello, José Luis Jasso-Medrano, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Gloria Martínez-Andrade, María Elena Acosta Enríquez, Juan Carlos Aristizabal, Alberto Ramírez-Mena, Nikos Stratakis, Mireia Bustos-Aibar, Ángel Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno, Rosaura Leis, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Concepción María Aguilera, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
Objective
To introduce ObMetrics, a free and user-friendly Shiny app that simplifies the calculation, data analysis, and interpretation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) outcomes according to multiple definitions in epidemiological studies of paediatric populations. We illustrate its usefulness using ethnically different populations in a comparative study of prevalence across cohorts and definitions.
Methods
We conducted a case study using data from two ethnically diverse paediatric populations: a Hispanic-American cohort (N = 1759) and a Hispanic-European cohort (N = 2411). Using ObMetrics, we computed MetS classifications (Cook, Zimmet, Ahrens) and component-specific z-scores for each participant to compare prevalences.
Results
The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in MetS prevalence across different definitions and cohorts. According to Cook, Zimmet, and Ahrens's definitions, MetS prevalence in children with obesity was 25%, 12%, and 48%, respectively, in the Hispanic-European cohort, and 38%, 27%, and 66% in the Hispanic-American cohort. Calculating component-specific z-scores in each cohort also highlighted ethnic-specific differences in lipid metabolism and blood pressure. By automating these complex calculations, ObMetrics considerably reduced analysis time and minimised the potential for errors.
Conclusion
ObMetrics proved to be a powerful tool for paediatric research, generating detailed reports on the prevalence of MetS and its components based on various definitions and reference standards. Our case study further provides valuable insights into the challenges of characterising metabolic health in paediatric populations. Future efforts should focus on developing unified consensus guidelines for paediatric MetS. Meanwhile, ObMetrics enables earlier identification and targeted intervention for high-risk children and adolescents.
{"title":"ObMetrics: A Shiny app to assist in metabolic syndrome assessment in paediatric obesity","authors":"Álvaro Torres-Martos, Francisco Requena, Guadalupe López-Rodríguez, Jhazmin Hernández-Cabrera, Marcos Galván, Elizabeth Solís-Pérez, Susana Romo-Tello, José Luis Jasso-Medrano, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Gloria Martínez-Andrade, María Elena Acosta Enríquez, Juan Carlos Aristizabal, Alberto Ramírez-Mena, Nikos Stratakis, Mireia Bustos-Aibar, Ángel Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno, Rosaura Leis, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Concepción María Aguilera, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To introduce ObMetrics, a free and user-friendly Shiny app that simplifies the calculation, data analysis, and interpretation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) outcomes according to multiple definitions in epidemiological studies of paediatric populations. We illustrate its usefulness using ethnically different populations in a comparative study of prevalence across cohorts and definitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a case study using data from two ethnically diverse paediatric populations: a Hispanic-American cohort (<i>N</i> = 1759) and a Hispanic-European cohort (<i>N</i> = 2411). Using ObMetrics, we computed MetS classifications (Cook, Zimmet, Ahrens) and component-specific <i>z</i>-scores for each participant to compare prevalences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in MetS prevalence across different definitions and cohorts. According to Cook, Zimmet, and Ahrens's definitions, MetS prevalence in children with obesity was 25%, 12%, and 48%, respectively, in the Hispanic-European cohort, and 38%, 27%, and 66% in the Hispanic-American cohort. Calculating component-specific <i>z</i>-scores in each cohort also highlighted ethnic-specific differences in lipid metabolism and blood pressure. By automating these complex calculations, ObMetrics considerably reduced analysis time and minimised the potential for errors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ObMetrics proved to be a powerful tool for paediatric research, generating detailed reports on the prevalence of MetS and its components based on various definitions and reference standards. Our case study further provides valuable insights into the challenges of characterising metabolic health in paediatric populations. Future efforts should focus on developing unified consensus guidelines for paediatric MetS. Meanwhile, ObMetrics enables earlier identification and targeted intervention for high-risk children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeran Lee, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert
Introduction
We investigated associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth to adolescence with insulin resistance in late adolescence using data from Project Viva prospective birth cohort (Eastern Massachusetts, 1999-2002).
Methods
We conducted multivariable linear regression models between adiponectin (internal z-scores) at birth, early childhood, mid-childhood, early and late adolescence and insulin resistance in late adolescence with the homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Results
In 468 children (52% female, 59% Non–Hispanic White), we observed inverse associations of adiponectin z-scores in mid–childhood (–0.16, 95% CI: –0.33, 0.01), early adolescence (–0.19, 95% CI: –0.37, –0.01) and late adolescence (–0.40, 95% CI: –0.57, –0.23) with HOMA-IR in late adolescence; these associations were attenuated after accounting for BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, we observed these associations in males, while estimates were more modest in females.
Conclusion
Overall, starting in mid-childhood, lower adiponectin concentrations were linked with higher insulin resistance in late adolescence, with associations apparent mostly in males.
{"title":"Associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth until late adolescence with insulin resistance","authors":"Yeran Lee, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth to adolescence with insulin resistance in late adolescence using data from Project Viva prospective birth cohort (Eastern Massachusetts, 1999-2002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted multivariable linear regression models between adiponectin (internal z-scores) at birth, early childhood, mid-childhood, early and late adolescence and insulin resistance in late adolescence with the homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 468 children (52% female, 59% Non–Hispanic White), we observed inverse associations of adiponectin z-scores in mid–childhood (–0.16, 95% CI: –0.33, 0.01), early adolescence (–0.19, 95% CI: –0.37, –0.01) and late adolescence (–0.40, 95% CI: –0.57, –0.23) with HOMA-IR in late adolescence; these associations were attenuated after accounting for BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, we observed these associations in males, while estimates were more modest in females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, starting in mid-childhood, lower adiponectin concentrations were linked with higher insulin resistance in late adolescence, with associations apparent mostly in males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia Larruy-García, María L Miguel-Berges, Isabel Rueda-De Torre, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Rosaura Leis, Nancy Babio, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Dolores Corella, Alejandra Pérez, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Picáns-Leis, Jesús Garcia-Gavilán, Paloma Flores-Barrante, J. Alfredo Martínez, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Indira Paz-Graniel, Alelí M. Ayala-Marín, José Manuel Jurado-Castro, María José de la Torre-Aguilar, Irina Gheorghita, Luis A. Moreno, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, the CORAL Study group
Background
Overweight and obesity in children are rising globally, and the Mediterranean diet may help reduce obesity and related diseases.
Objective
To assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Spanish preschool children.
Methods
This study included 1218 children aged 3–6 years from the CORALS cohort. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using the validated MED4CHILD and COME-Kids F&B-FQ questionnaires. Body composition measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR). Multivariate regression and ANCOVA were used to examine associations, adjusting for factors like age, physical activity, and energy intake. We also performed a Cohen's d analysis to assess effect size.
Results
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favourable body composition in children. Specifically, both the MED4CHILD score and the COME-Kids-derived score showed significant associations with BMI, FFMI, and Waist-to-Height ratio, showing differences by sex. Children who adhered to the Mediterranean diet exhibited lower BMI and higher fat-free mass, and a more favourable waist-to-height ratio. Additionally, although some measures showed weaker associations, all analyses highlighted a trend towards improved body composition with higher adherence. Cohen's d analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes.
Conclusion
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly linked to favorable body composition indices in Spanish children, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns to prevent overweight and obesity.
{"title":"Cross-sectional associations between Mediterranean diet and body composition in preschool children. CORAL study","authors":"Alicia Larruy-García, María L Miguel-Berges, Isabel Rueda-De Torre, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Rosaura Leis, Nancy Babio, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Dolores Corella, Alejandra Pérez, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Picáns-Leis, Jesús Garcia-Gavilán, Paloma Flores-Barrante, J. Alfredo Martínez, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Indira Paz-Graniel, Alelí M. Ayala-Marín, José Manuel Jurado-Castro, María José de la Torre-Aguilar, Irina Gheorghita, Luis A. Moreno, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, the CORAL Study group","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overweight and obesity in children are rising globally, and the Mediterranean diet may help reduce obesity and related diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Spanish preschool children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 1218 children aged 3–6 years from the CORALS cohort. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using the validated MED4CHILD and COME-Kids F&B-FQ questionnaires. Body composition measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR). Multivariate regression and ANCOVA were used to examine associations, adjusting for factors like age, physical activity, and energy intake. We also performed a Cohen's d analysis to assess effect size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favourable body composition in children. Specifically, both the MED4CHILD score and the COME-Kids-derived score showed significant associations with BMI, FFMI, and Waist-to-Height ratio, showing differences by sex. Children who adhered to the Mediterranean diet exhibited lower BMI and higher fat-free mass, and a more favourable waist-to-height ratio. Additionally, although some measures showed weaker associations, all analyses highlighted a trend towards improved body composition with higher adherence. Cohen's d analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly linked to favorable body composition indices in Spanish children, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns to prevent overweight and obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
Background
Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.
Objective
To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5–12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
Results
OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = −0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = −0.33), carbohydrate (r = −0.35), and lipid (r = −0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
Conclusion
Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
背景：时间营养可能影响儿童心脏代谢健康。了解这种关系可能对控制儿童肥胖至关重要。目的：探讨青春期前儿童时间营养与心脏代谢危险因素的关系。方法：本横断面研究纳入93名参与者（50名男性，5-12岁），分为健康体重（HW, n = 34）、超重（OV, n = 10）、肥胖（OB, n = 23）和严重肥胖（SOB, n = 26）。24小时饮食回顾评估了参与者的热量和能量底物摄入量，分析了早上（直到上午11点）、下午（上午11点至下午6点）、晚上（下午6点01分之后）和每天的总摄入量。通过空腹血糖、胰岛素血症、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）、腹部脂肪（AF）和颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（CIMT）的超声分析来评估心脏代谢风险。结论：青春期前儿童上午和下午碳水化合物摄入量增加，下午热量和脂质摄入量增加，下午和晚上蛋白质摄入量减少与较好的健康状况相关，包括心脏代谢危险因素的改善。
{"title":"Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight","authors":"Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5–12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, <i>n</i> = 34), overweight (OV, <i>n</i> = 10), obese (OB, <i>n</i> = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, <i>n</i> = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05; <i>r</i> = −0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (<i>r</i> = −0.33), carbohydrate (<i>r</i> = −0.35), and lipid (<i>r</i> = −0.23) intake were inversely associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (<i>r</i> = −0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI <i>Z</i>-Score (<i>r</i> = 0.25) and glycemia (<i>r</i> = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with BMI <i>Z</i>-Score (<i>r</i> = 0.24), insulinemia (<i>r</i> = 0.24), HOMA-IR (<i>r</i> = 0.27), TG (<i>r</i> = 0.25), AF (<i>r</i> = 0.25), and CIMT (<i>r</i> = 0.27).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Dolores Salas-González, Viviana Loria-Kohen, Aránzazu Aparicio, Laura M. Bermejo, Esther Cuadrado-Soto, Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, África Peral-Suárez, Adrián Cervera-Muñoz, Rosa M. Ortega, Ana M. López-Sobaler
Introduction
Some studies suggest that meal timing is involved in obesity and metabolic health. However, little is known about children, so the aim was to assess whether meal timing patterns affect nutritional status and diet quality in children.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 880 children (8–13 years). Participants were classified according to the median timing of their first meal, last meal and the length of their eating window (12 h). Adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate associations between first meal timing, last meal timing or eating window and anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables.
Results
A later last meal was associated with lower scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and DASH diet [β (95% CI): −1.139 (−2.258; −0.021), −0.207 (−0.408; −0.007) and − 0.582 (−1.072; −0.092), respectively]. A longer eating window was associated with higher glucose levels, LDL-c, and the ratio LDL-c/HDL-c [β (95% CI): 3.204 (1.876; 4.532), 4.725 (1.109; 8.342), and 0.090 (0.014; 0.166), respectively].
Conclusion
Later meal timing and a prolonged eating window were linked to poorer diet quality and unfavourable metabolic markers. It may be relevant to consider meal timing as a preventive health strategy in the development of future dietary guidelines.
{"title":"Meal timing, nutritional status and diet quality in a group of Spanish children","authors":"María Dolores Salas-González, Viviana Loria-Kohen, Aránzazu Aparicio, Laura M. Bermejo, Esther Cuadrado-Soto, Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, África Peral-Suárez, Adrián Cervera-Muñoz, Rosa M. Ortega, Ana M. López-Sobaler","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some studies suggest that meal timing is involved in obesity and metabolic health. However, little is known about children, so the aim was to assess whether meal timing patterns affect nutritional status and diet quality in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 880 children (8–13 years). Participants were classified according to the median timing of their first meal, last meal and the length of their eating window (12 h). Adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate associations between first meal timing, last meal timing or eating window and anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A later last meal was associated with lower scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and DASH diet [<i>β</i> (95% CI): −1.139 (−2.258; −0.021), −0.207 (−0.408; −0.007) and − 0.582 (−1.072; −0.092), respectively]. A longer eating window was associated with higher glucose levels, LDL-c, and the ratio LDL-c/HDL-c [<i>β</i> (95% CI): 3.204 (1.876; 4.532), 4.725 (1.109; 8.342), and 0.090 (0.014; 0.166), respectively].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Later meal timing and a prolonged eating window were linked to poorer diet quality and unfavourable metabolic markers. It may be relevant to consider meal timing as a preventive health strategy in the development of future dietary guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura M. Kinlin, Natasha R. Saunders, Sarah Carsley, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Karen Tu, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Catherine S. Birken
Background
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at increased risk of both obesity and underweight.
Objective
To examine the association between ASD and weight status in children and adolescents, adjusting for individual- and neighbourhood-level sociodemographic factors.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents ≥2 and ≤18 years old using health administrative and demographic data from Ontario, Canada. Using growth measurements from a large primary care database between 2011 and 2016, we categorized weight status using World Health Organization definitions. We defined ASD based on a previously validated algorithm.
Results
We included 568 children and adolescents with ASD and 32 967 without ASD. Comparing those with ASD to those without ASD, prevalence of underweight was 3.5% versus 1.9%, overweight 19.0% versus 18.2%, obesity 12.9% versus 7.3%, and severe obesity 5.8% versus 2.2%. In the fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, ASD remained associated with underweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–3.20), obesity (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.44–2.43) and severe obesity (aOR 2.62; 95% CI 1.81–3.80).
Conclusion
Children and adolescents with ASD are at increased risk of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity, independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Strategies addressing growth and weight status are warranted in this population.
背景：患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的个体肥胖和体重不足的风险可能会增加。目的：探讨儿童和青少年ASD与体重状况之间的关系，并对个体和社区水平的社会人口因素进行调整。方法：我们使用来自加拿大安大略省的卫生管理和人口统计数据，对≥2岁和≤18岁的儿童和青少年进行了横断面研究。使用2011年至2016年大型初级保健数据库中的增长测量数据，我们使用世界卫生组织的定义对体重状况进行了分类。我们根据先前验证的算法定义了ASD。结果：我们纳入了568名ASD儿童和青少年，32967名非ASD儿童和青少年。与非ASD患者相比，体重不足的患病率为3.5%对1.9%，超重的患病率为19.0%对18.2%，肥胖的患病率为12.9%对7.3%，严重肥胖的患病率为5.8%对2.2%。在完全校正多项logistic回归模型中，ASD仍与体重不足相关(校正优势比[aOR] 2.02；95%可信区间[CI] 1.27-3.20)、肥胖(aOR 1.87；95% CI 1.44-2.43)和重度肥胖(aOR 2.62；95% ci 1.81-3.80)。结论：患有ASD的儿童和青少年体重不足、肥胖和严重肥胖的风险增加，与社会人口学特征无关。在这一人群中，应对生长和体重状况的策略是必要的。
{"title":"Weight status of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional analysis of primary care electronic medical records and linked health administrative datasets in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Laura M. Kinlin, Natasha R. Saunders, Sarah Carsley, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Karen Tu, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Catherine S. Birken","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at increased risk of both obesity and underweight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the association between ASD and weight status in children and adolescents, adjusting for individual- and neighbourhood-level sociodemographic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents ≥2 and ≤18 years old using health administrative and demographic data from Ontario, Canada. Using growth measurements from a large primary care database between 2011 and 2016, we categorized weight status using World Health Organization definitions. We defined ASD based on a previously validated algorithm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 568 children and adolescents with ASD and 32 967 without ASD. Comparing those with ASD to those without ASD, prevalence of underweight was 3.5% versus 1.9%, overweight 19.0% versus 18.2%, obesity 12.9% versus 7.3%, and severe obesity 5.8% versus 2.2%. In the fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, ASD remained associated with underweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–3.20), obesity (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.44–2.43) and severe obesity (aOR 2.62; 95% CI 1.81–3.80).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and adolescents with ASD are at increased risk of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity, independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Strategies addressing growth and weight status are warranted in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tongjun Guo, Yi Zhang, Li Chen, Jieyu Liu, Jianuo Jiang, Wen Yuan, Ruolin Wang, Qi Ma, Manman Chen, Jun Ma, Zhiyong Zou, Yanhui Dong
Background and Objectives
To explore the relationship between constant exposure to phthalates (PAEs) and overweight/obesity and the role of lifestyle in children.
Methods
This study conducted five repeated follow-up visits with 829 children and analysed data from 740 children. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between constant PAE exposure, lifestyle and overweight/obesity.
Results
The study found that constant high levels of PAEs exposure may increase the risk of obesity in girls, and the risk is higher in girls with an unhealthy lifestyle. In the unhealthy lifestyle group of girls, compared with the constant low (CL) exposure group of PAEs, the odds ratios (ORs) for overweight/obesity and obesity in the constant high (CH) exposure group were 2.99 (1.11, 8.05) and 11.58 (1.38, 96.87), respectively. In addition, an interaction effect between constant exposure to PAEs and lifestyle was observed on obesity in girls.
Conclusion
These results suggest the importance of reducing constant exposure to high levels of PAEs to reduce the risk of obesity, especially in individuals with unhealthy lifestyles. The government should strengthen the formulation of regulations and standards for PAEs while guiding parents to use fewer plastic products.
{"title":"The role of lifestyle in the impact of constant phthalate exposure on overweight and obesity: A longitudinal cohort study in China","authors":"Tongjun Guo, Yi Zhang, Li Chen, Jieyu Liu, Jianuo Jiang, Wen Yuan, Ruolin Wang, Qi Ma, Manman Chen, Jun Ma, Zhiyong Zou, Yanhui Dong","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the relationship between constant exposure to phthalates (PAEs) and overweight/obesity and the role of lifestyle in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study conducted five repeated follow-up visits with 829 children and analysed data from 740 children. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between constant PAE exposure, lifestyle and overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that constant high levels of PAEs exposure may increase the risk of obesity in girls, and the risk is higher in girls with an unhealthy lifestyle. In the unhealthy lifestyle group of girls, compared with the constant low (CL) exposure group of PAEs, the odds ratios (ORs) for overweight/obesity and obesity in the constant high (CH) exposure group were 2.99 (1.11, 8.05) and 11.58 (1.38, 96.87), respectively. In addition, an interaction effect between constant exposure to PAEs and lifestyle was observed on obesity in girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest the importance of reducing constant exposure to high levels of PAEs to reduce the risk of obesity, especially in individuals with unhealthy lifestyles. The government should strengthen the formulation of regulations and standards for PAEs while guiding parents to use fewer plastic products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teferi Mekonnen, Mekdes K. Gebremariam, Lene F. Andersen, Nanna Lien, Anne-Lise Brantsæter, Silvia Coutinho, Eleni Papadopoulou, Roch A. Nianogo
Objectives
This study examined the impact of hypothetical interventions on (i) early life factors (prenatal and early postnatal) on rapid weight gain during infancy, and (ii) early life factors and child energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) on children's body mass index (BMI)-for-age at 5 and 8 years.
Methods
Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study included participants aged 2 (n = 48 109), 5 (n = 18 810) and 8 (n = 10 830) years. Early life intervention variables were maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal weight before and during pregnancy, exclusive/partial breastfeeding for 6 months, and introduction of complementary food at 6 months. Child EBRB intervention variables for the 5-year outcome included screen time, fruit and vegetable intake, and sugar-sweetened soft drink intake assessed at 3 years. For the 8-year outcome, interventions included screen time, presence of a television in the child's bedroom, sleep hours and breakfast intake assessed at 5 years. The parametric g-formula was used for analysis.
Results and Conclusions
The average population-level difference in rapid weight gain during infancy at 2 years under the intervention targeting the prenatal, early postnatal factors and these factors combined with 95% confidence intervals were −0.012 (−0.017, −0.007), −0.009 (−0.012, −0.005) and −0.020 (−0.025, −0.015), respectively. The average population-level differences in children's BMI-for-age z-score for interventions targeting early life factors, child EBRB and these factors combined were −0.225 (−0.244, −0.207), 0.02 (−0.021, 0.024) and −0.223 (−0.249, −0.196), respectively among 5-year-olds and −0.265 (−0.295, −0.236), −0.020 (−0.029, −0.011) and −0.285 (−0.315, −0.256), respectively among 8-year-olds. Our results suggested joint interventions on early life factors may reduce childhood BMI-for-age z-scores.
{"title":"The impact of hypothetical early life interventions on rapid weight gain during infancy and body mass index at 5 and 8 years in Norway: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)","authors":"Teferi Mekonnen, Mekdes K. Gebremariam, Lene F. Andersen, Nanna Lien, Anne-Lise Brantsæter, Silvia Coutinho, Eleni Papadopoulou, Roch A. Nianogo","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the impact of hypothetical interventions on (i) early life factors (prenatal and early postnatal) on rapid weight gain during infancy, and (ii) early life factors and child energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) on children's body mass index (BMI)-for-age at 5 and 8 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study included participants aged 2 (<i>n</i> = 48 109), 5 (<i>n</i> = 18 810) and 8 (<i>n</i> = 10 830) years. Early life intervention variables were maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal weight before and during pregnancy, exclusive/partial breastfeeding for 6 months, and introduction of complementary food at 6 months. Child EBRB intervention variables for the 5-year outcome included screen time, fruit and vegetable intake, and sugar-sweetened soft drink intake assessed at 3 years. For the 8-year outcome, interventions included screen time, presence of a television in the child's bedroom, sleep hours and breakfast intake assessed at 5 years. The parametric g-formula was used for analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average population-level difference in rapid weight gain during infancy at 2 years under the intervention targeting the prenatal, early postnatal factors and these factors combined with 95% confidence intervals were −0.012 (−0.017, −0.007), −0.009 (−0.012, −0.005) and −0.020 (−0.025, −0.015), respectively. The average population-level differences in children's BMI-for-age <i>z</i>-score for interventions targeting early life factors, child EBRB and these factors combined were −0.225 (−0.244, −0.207), 0.02 (−0.021, 0.024) and −0.223 (−0.249, −0.196), respectively among 5-year-olds and −0.265 (−0.295, −0.236), −0.020 (−0.029, −0.011) and −0.285 (−0.315, −0.256), respectively among 8-year-olds. Our results suggested joint interventions on early life factors may reduce childhood BMI-for-age <i>z</i>-scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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