Leticia E. Sewaybricker, Susan J. Melhorn, Sonja Entringer, Claudia Buss, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Ellen A. Schur, Jerod M. Rasmussen
Background
The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key brain area for regulation of energy balance. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that T2-based signal properties indicative of cellular inflammatory response (gliosis) are present in adults and children with obesity, and predicts greater adiposity gain in children at risk of obesity.
Objectives/Methods
The current study aimed to extend this concept to the early life period by considering if, in full-term healthy neonates (up to n = 35), MRI evidence of MBH gliosis is associated with changes in early life (neonatal to six months) body fat percentage measured by DXA.
Results
In this initial study, neonatal T2 signal in the MBH was positively associated with six-month changes in body fat percentage.
Conclusion
This finding supports the notion that underlying processes in the MBH may play a role in early life growth and, by extension, childhood obesity risk.
{"title":"Associations of radiologic characteristics of the neonatal hypothalamus with early life adiposity gain","authors":"Leticia E. Sewaybricker, Susan J. Melhorn, Sonja Entringer, Claudia Buss, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Ellen A. Schur, Jerod M. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13114","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key brain area for regulation of energy balance. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that T2-based signal properties indicative of cellular inflammatory response (gliosis) are present in adults and children with obesity, and predicts greater adiposity gain in children at risk of obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study aimed to extend this concept to the early life period by considering if, in full-term healthy neonates (up to <i>n</i> = 35), MRI evidence of MBH gliosis is associated with changes in early life (neonatal to six months) body fat percentage measured by DXA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this initial study, neonatal T2 signal in the MBH was positively associated with six-month changes in body fat percentage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This finding supports the notion that underlying processes in the MBH may play a role in early life growth and, by extension, childhood obesity risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah L. Maxwell, Jennifer C. Price, Emily R. Perito, Philip Rosenthal, Janet M. Wojcicki
Introduction
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease among US children. Studies have associated food insecurity with MASLD in adults, but there are few studies of pediatric MASLD, particularly in high-risk populations. We assessed the impact of household food insecurity at 4 years of age on MASLD in Latinx children.
Methods
Using a prospective cohort design, Latina mothers were recruited during pregnancy and followed with their children until early to mid-childhood. Our primary exposure was household food insecurity at 4 years of age measured using the validated US Household Food Security Food Module. Our primary outcome, MASLD, was defined as alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥95th% for age/gender plus body mass index (BMI) ≥85% at time of ALT measurement (assessed between ages 5–12). We used multivariable logistic regression models to test for independent associations between household food insecurity and pediatric MASLD.
Results
Among 136 children, 28.7% reported household food insecurity at 4 years of age and 27.2% had MASLD in early to middle childhood. Approximately 49% of children with MASLD and 21% of children without MASLD were food insecure (p < 0.01). Exposure to household food insecurity at age 4 was independently associated with a 3.7-fold higher odds of MASLD later in childhood (95% CI: 1.5–9.0, p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Exposure to household food insecurity at 4 years of age was associated with increased risk for MASLD later in childhood. Further studies are needed to explore mechanism(s) and impact of reducing food insecurity on risk for MASLD.
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Gabriel Torbahn, Andrew Jones, Alex Griffiths, Jamie Matu, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Louisa J. Ells, Gerald Gartlehner, Aaron S. Kelly, Daniel Weghuber, Tamara Brown
Importance
The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear.
Objective
To update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti-obesity medication.
Data Sources
Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP (1/1/16–17/3/23).
Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity.
Data Extraction and Synthesis
Screening, data extraction and quality assessment conducted in duplicate, independently.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Body mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events and quality of life.
Results
Thirty-five trials (N = 4331), follow-up: 6–24 months; age: 8.8–16.3 years; BMI: 26.2–41.7 kg/m2. Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated a −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.27 to −1.14)-unit BMI reduction, ranging from −0.8 to −5.9 units between individual drugs with semaglutide producing the largest reduction of −5.88 kg/m2 (95% CI: −6.99 to −4.77, N = 201). Drug type explained ~44% of heterogeneity. Low certainty evidence demonstrated reduction in 95th percentile BMI: −11.88 percentage points (95% CI: −18.43 to −5.30, N = 668). Serious adverse events and study discontinuation due to adverse events did not differ between medications and comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared to comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26], I2 = 15%), regardless of approval status. There was a trend towards improved quality of life. Evidence gaps exist for children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities and weight loss maintenance.
Conclusions and Relevance
Anti-obesity medications in addition to behaviour change improve BMI but may require dose adjustment, with 1 in 100 adolescents experiencing a serious adverse event.
{"title":"Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity—An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses","authors":"Gabriel Torbahn, Andrew Jones, Alex Griffiths, Jamie Matu, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Louisa J. Ells, Gerald Gartlehner, Aaron S. Kelly, Daniel Weghuber, Tamara Brown","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti-obesity medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP (1/1/16–17/3/23).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Selection</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Randomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening, data extraction and quality assessment conducted in duplicate, independently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Outcomes and Measures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-five trials (<i>N</i> = 4331), follow-up: 6–24 months; age: 8.8–16.3 years; BMI: 26.2–41.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated a −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.27 to −1.14)-unit BMI reduction, ranging from −0.8 to −5.9 units between individual drugs with semaglutide producing the largest reduction of −5.88 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: −6.99 to −4.77, <i>N</i> = 201). Drug type explained ~44% of heterogeneity. Low certainty evidence demonstrated reduction in 95th percentile BMI: −11.88 percentage points (95% CI: −18.43 to −5.30, <i>N</i> = 668). Serious adverse events and study discontinuation due to adverse events did not differ between medications and comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared to comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 15%), regardless of approval status. There was a trend towards improved quality of life. Evidence gaps exist for children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities and weight loss maintenance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Relevance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-obesity medications in addition to behaviour change improve BMI but may require dose adjustment, with 1 in 100 adolescents experiencing a serious adverse event.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine Lee, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Erica P. Gunderson, Nidhi P. Goyal, Jeanne A. Darbinian, Louise C. Greenspan, Joan C. Lo
Background
Limited research on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) children necessitates investigation in this heterogeneous population.
Objective
Examine ALT elevation among Asian/PI children with overweight or obesity.
Methods
Elevated ALT prevalence (clinical threshold) and association with body mass index ≥85th percentile were compared among 18 402 Asian/PI and 25 376 non-Hispanic White (NHW) children aged 9–17 years using logistic regression.
Results
ALT elevation was more prevalent among Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males with overweight (4.0% vs. 2.7%), moderate (7.8% vs. 5.3%) and severe obesity (16.6% vs. 11.5%), and females with moderate (5.1% vs. 3.0%) and severe obesity (10.2% vs. 5.2%). Adjusted odds of elevated ALT were 1.6-fold and ~2-fold higher for Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males and females (with obesity), respectively. Filipino, Chinese and Southeast Asian males had 1.7–2.1-fold higher odds, but Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI) and South Asian males did not significantly differ (vs. NHW). Filipina and Chinese females with obesity had >2-fold higher odds, Southeast and South Asian females did not differ and NHPI findings were mixed (vs. NHW).
Conclusion
High elevated ALT prevalence among Asian/PI children with overweight and obesity emphasizes the need for MASLD risk assessment and examination of ethnic subgroups.
背景：美国亚太裔（PI）儿童丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）筛查代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病（MASLD）的研究有限，因此有必要对这一异质性人群进行调查：研究超重或肥胖的亚裔/太平洋岛民儿童的 ALT 升高情况：采用逻辑回归法比较了 18 402 名 9-17 岁亚裔/PI 儿童和 25 376 名非西班牙裔白人（NHW）儿童的 ALT 升高率（临床阈值）以及与体重指数≥85 百分位数的关系：ALT升高在超重（4.0% vs. 2.7%）、中度肥胖（7.8% vs. 5.3%）和重度肥胖（16.6% vs. 11.5%）的亚裔/PI（vs. NHW）男性以及中度肥胖（5.1% vs. 3.0%）和重度肥胖（10.2% vs. 5.2%）的女性中更为普遍。亚裔/菲律宾裔（与非正常体重者相比）男性和女性（肥胖）ALT 升高的调整几率分别高出 1.6 倍和 2 倍。菲律宾裔、华裔和东南亚裔男性的几率高出 1.7-2.1 倍，但夏威夷原住民/菲律宾裔（NHPI）和南亚裔男性（与 NHW 相比）并无显著差异。菲律宾裔和华裔女性肥胖者的几率高出 2 倍以上，东南亚和南亚女性没有差异，而夏威夷原住民/菲律宾裔（NHPI）和南亚男性的结果不一（与 NHW 相比）：结论：在超重和肥胖的亚裔/菲律宾裔儿童中，谷丙转氨酶升高的发生率很高，这强调了对种族亚群进行 MASLD 风险评估和检查的必要性。
{"title":"Alanine aminotransferase elevation varies by ethnicity among Asian and Pacific Islander children with overweight or obesity","authors":"Catherine Lee, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Erica P. Gunderson, Nidhi P. Goyal, Jeanne A. Darbinian, Louise C. Greenspan, Joan C. Lo","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited research on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) children necessitates investigation in this heterogeneous population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Examine ALT elevation among Asian/PI children with overweight or obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated ALT prevalence (clinical threshold) and association with body mass index ≥85th percentile were compared among 18 402 Asian/PI and 25 376 non-Hispanic White (NHW) children aged 9–17 years using logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ALT elevation was more prevalent among Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males with overweight (4.0% vs. 2.7%), moderate (7.8% vs. 5.3%) and severe obesity (16.6% vs. 11.5%), and females with moderate (5.1% vs. 3.0%) and severe obesity (10.2% vs. 5.2%). Adjusted odds of elevated ALT were 1.6-fold and ~2-fold higher for Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males and females (with obesity), respectively. Filipino, Chinese and Southeast Asian males had 1.7–2.1-fold higher odds, but Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI) and South Asian males did not significantly differ (vs. NHW). Filipina and Chinese females with obesity had >2-fold higher odds, Southeast and South Asian females did not differ and NHPI findings were mixed (vs. NHW).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High elevated ALT prevalence among Asian/PI children with overweight and obesity emphasizes the need for MASLD risk assessment and examination of ethnic subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140038443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allison J. Wu, Marissa Huggins, Hsin-Tao Grace Lin, Arlette Caballero-Gonzalez, Nisha Dalvie, Erica Di Battista, Elsie M. Taveras, Lauren Fiechtner
Background
Food and nutrition security interventions have been demonstrated to optimize health, prevent and treat chronic diseases among adult populations. Despite the increasing prevalence and intersection of food insecurity and childhood obesity in the United States, there are few food and nutrition security interventions targeted to children and families.
Objectives
The primary purpose of this phase I randomized, crossover trial was to assess the safety, acceptability and satisfaction of a meal kit delivery program among children with obesity living in households with food insecurity. Secondarily, we assessed the feasibility of our study design, recruitment and retention to inform future larger scale trials.
Methods
We delivered 6 weeks of healthy meal kits, which included fresh pre-portioned ingredients and simple picture-based recipes (two recipes/week) in English or Spanish to prepare one-pot, under 30-min meals (after preparation ~ 10 servings/week).
Results
Caregivers received and prepared the meal kits and reported overall satisfaction with the meal kit delivery program.
Conclusion
A meal kit delivery intervention for children with obesity and food insecurity is acceptable and a phase I randomized, crossover trial is feasible.
背景：食物和营养安全干预措施已被证明可优化健康、预防和治疗成年人群中的慢性疾病。尽管在美国粮食不安全和儿童肥胖症的发生率和交叉率越来越高，但针对儿童和家庭的粮食和营养安全干预措施却很少：这项 I 期随机交叉试验的主要目的是评估食物无保障家庭中肥胖儿童对送餐计划的安全性、可接受性和满意度。其次，我们还评估了研究设计、招募和保留的可行性，为今后更大规模的试验提供参考：我们提供了为期 6 周的健康餐包，其中包括预先配好的新鲜食材和简单的图片食谱（每周两份食谱），用英语或西班牙语烹制一锅 30 分钟以内的饭菜（准备后~每周 10 份）：结果：护理人员收到并准备了餐包，并对餐包递送计划总体表示满意：结论：针对肥胖和食物无保障儿童的送餐干预措施是可以接受的，第一阶段随机交叉试验也是可行的。
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Courtney C. Choy, William Johnson, Joseph M. Braun, Christina Soti-Ulberg, Muagututia S. Reupena, Take Naseri, Kima Savusa, Vaimoana Filipo Lupematasila, Maria Siulepa Arorae, Faatali Tafunaina, Folla Unasa, Rachel L. Duckham, Dongqing Wang, Stephen T. McGarvey, Nicola L. Hawley
Introduction
Prevalence and risk factors for elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) are poorly understood among Pacific children. We examined associations of HbA1c and BP in 6–9 year-olds with body mass index (BMI) at ages 2, 5, and BMI velocity between 2–9 years in Samoa.
Methods
HbA1c (capillary blood) and BP were measured in n = 410 Samoan children who were part of an ongoing cohort study. Multilevel models predicted BMI trajectory characteristics. Generalized linear regressions assessed associations of childhood characteristics and BMI trajectories with HbA1c and BP treated as both continuous and categorical outcomes. Primary caregiver-reported childhood characteristics were used as covariates.
Results
Overall, 12.90% (n = 53) of children had high HbA1c (≥5.7%) and 33.17% (n = 136) had elevated BP. BMI at 5-years and BMI velocity were positively associated with high HbA1c prevalence in males. A 1 kg/m2 per year higher velocity was associated with a 1.71 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.75) times higher prevalence of high HbA1c. In females, higher BMI at 5-years and greater BMI velocity were associated with higher BP at 6–9 years (95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, and 1.42, 2.74, respectively).
Conclusion
Monitoring childhood BMI trajectories may inform cardiometabolic disease screening and prevention efforts in this at-risk population.
{"title":"Associations of childhood BMI traits with blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin in 6–9-year-old Samoan children","authors":"Courtney C. Choy, William Johnson, Joseph M. Braun, Christina Soti-Ulberg, Muagututia S. Reupena, Take Naseri, Kima Savusa, Vaimoana Filipo Lupematasila, Maria Siulepa Arorae, Faatali Tafunaina, Folla Unasa, Rachel L. Duckham, Dongqing Wang, Stephen T. McGarvey, Nicola L. Hawley","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence and risk factors for elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) are poorly understood among Pacific children. We examined associations of HbA1c and BP in 6–9 year-olds with body mass index (BMI) at ages 2, 5, and BMI velocity between 2–9 years in Samoa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HbA1c (capillary blood) and BP were measured in <i>n</i> = 410 Samoan children who were part of an ongoing cohort study. Multilevel models predicted BMI trajectory characteristics. Generalized linear regressions assessed associations of childhood characteristics and BMI trajectories with HbA1c and BP treated as both continuous and categorical outcomes. Primary caregiver-reported childhood characteristics were used as covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 12.90% (<i>n</i> = 53) of children had high HbA1c (≥5.7%) and 33.17% (<i>n</i> = 136) had elevated BP. BMI at 5-years and BMI velocity were positively associated with high HbA1c prevalence in males. A 1 kg/m<sup>2</sup> per year higher velocity was associated with a 1.71 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.75) times higher prevalence of high HbA1c. In females, higher BMI at 5-years and greater BMI velocity were associated with higher BP at 6–9 years (95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, and 1.42, 2.74, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring childhood BMI trajectories may inform cardiometabolic disease screening and prevention efforts in this at-risk population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadia Radwan, Farah Naja, Nada Abbas, Joelle Abi Kharma, Reyad Shaker Obaid, Hessa Al Ghazal, Dana N. Abdelrahim, Roba Saqan, Mariam Alameddine, Marwa Al Hilali, Hayder Hasan, Mona Hashim
Background
The growth and development of infants during the first 1000 days of life are crucial for their health.
Objectives
This study aims to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth to 18 months.
Methods
Data were derived from the 2-year perspective Mother Infant Study Cohort (MISC) study which included six visits from the third trimester of pregnancy until 18 months postpartum. A convenient sample of 256 pregnant women aged 19–40 years was recruited from Sharjah, Dubai and Ajman in the United Arab Emirates.
Results
Amongst mothers' characteristics, Arab nationality, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, higher gestational weight gain and lower physical activity were found to increase the likelihood of infants being overweight at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 18 months (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.81). Breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the introduction of solid foods after 6 months was associated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 12 months old (aOR = 4, 95% CI: 1.1–14.6; aOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.09–8.08, respectively).
Conclusion
The findings spotlight the influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding on infant growth. This asserts the need for evidence-based programmes targeting mothers to promote optimal feeding practices and foster healthy child growth.
{"title":"Influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth till 18 months: The MISC study","authors":"Hadia Radwan, Farah Naja, Nada Abbas, Joelle Abi Kharma, Reyad Shaker Obaid, Hessa Al Ghazal, Dana N. Abdelrahim, Roba Saqan, Mariam Alameddine, Marwa Al Hilali, Hayder Hasan, Mona Hashim","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13106","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growth and development of infants during the first 1000 days of life are crucial for their health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth to 18 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were derived from the 2-year perspective Mother Infant Study Cohort (MISC) study which included six visits from the third trimester of pregnancy until 18 months postpartum. A convenient sample of 256 pregnant women aged 19–40 years was recruited from Sharjah, Dubai and Ajman in the United Arab Emirates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amongst mothers' characteristics, Arab nationality, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, higher gestational weight gain and lower physical activity were found to increase the likelihood of infants being overweight at 6, 12 and 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 18 months (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.81). Breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the introduction of solid foods after 6 months was associated with reduced odds of the infant being overweight at 12 months old (aOR = 4, 95% CI: 1.1–14.6; aOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.09–8.08, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings spotlight the influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding on infant growth. This asserts the need for evidence-based programmes targeting mothers to promote optimal feeding practices and foster healthy child growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine M. Rancaño, Rebecca Puhl, Margie Skeer, Misha Eliasziw, Aviva Must
Background
Negative familial weight talk may contribute to higher weight bias internalization in pre- and early adolescents (hereafter referred to as children) and may differ by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.
Objective
Examine the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and examine differences by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.
Methods
We cross-sectionally analysed 5th–7th graders (10–15 years old) living in Massachusetts (n = 375, 52.3% girls, 21.3% BMI ≥85th percentile, 54.8% non-Hispanic White). Negative familial weight talk frequency during the past 3 months was self-reported and discretized as ‘never,’ ‘occasionally’ (1–9 times) and ‘often’ (>9 times); the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale assessed weight bias internalization. Generalized linear models estimated the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and sub-analyses estimated the relationship across gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. Results are summarized as ratios of means (RoM).
Results
Children experiencing negative familial weight talk occasionally (RoM = 1.12, p = 0.024) and often (RoM = 1.48, p < 0.001) had significantly higher weight bias internalization than children who never experienced it. In sub-analyses, experiencing negative familial weight talk often was associated with higher weight bias internalization among girls (RoM = 1.66, p < 0.001), boys (RoM = 1.32, p = 0.007), children with BMI <85th percentile (RoM = 1.44, p = 0.007) and BMI ≥85th percentile (RoM = 1.39, p = 0.001), and non-Hispanic White children (RoM = 1.78, p < 0.001), but not Hispanic (RoM = 1.25, p = 0.085) or non-Hispanic Black children (RoM = 1.20; p = 0.31).
Conclusions
Frequent negative familial weight talk was associated with higher weight bias internalization across gender and weight status and in non-Hispanic White children only.
{"title":"Negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization in a US sample of children and adolescents","authors":"Katherine M. Rancaño, Rebecca Puhl, Margie Skeer, Misha Eliasziw, Aviva Must","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Negative familial weight talk may contribute to higher weight bias internalization in pre- and early adolescents (hereafter referred to as children) and may differ by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Examine the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and examine differences by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We cross-sectionally analysed 5th–7th graders (10–15 years old) living in Massachusetts (<i>n</i> = 375, 52.3% girls, 21.3% BMI ≥85th percentile, 54.8% non-Hispanic White). Negative familial weight talk frequency during the past 3 months was self-reported and discretized as ‘never,’ ‘occasionally’ (1–9 times) and ‘often’ (>9 times); the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale assessed weight bias internalization. Generalized linear models estimated the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and sub-analyses estimated the relationship across gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. Results are summarized as ratios of means (RoM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children experiencing negative familial weight talk occasionally (RoM = 1.12, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and often (RoM = 1.48, <i>p</i> < 0.001) had significantly higher weight bias internalization than children who never experienced it. In sub-analyses, experiencing negative familial weight talk often was associated with higher weight bias internalization among girls (RoM = 1.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001), boys (RoM = 1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.007), children with BMI <85th percentile (RoM = 1.44, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and BMI ≥85th percentile (RoM = 1.39, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and non-Hispanic White children (RoM = 1.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001), but not Hispanic (RoM = 1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.085) or non-Hispanic Black children (RoM = 1.20; <i>p</i> = 0.31).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frequent negative familial weight talk was associated with higher weight bias internalization across gender and weight status and in non-Hispanic White children only.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139904635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan O. Bensignor, Aaron S. Kelly, Alicia Kunin-Batson, Claudia K. Fox, Rebecca Freese, Justin Clark, Kyle D. Rudser, Eric M. Bomberg, Justin Ryder, Amy C. Gross
Introduction
Whilst glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1-RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity.
Methods
Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once-weekly exenatide extended release or placebo. In this secondary analysis, eating behaviours and appetite/satiety regulation hormones post-meal replacement therapy (pre-randomization to exenatide or placebo) were evaluated as possible predictors of WLM. Percent change in BMI from randomization to 52 weeks served as the primary measure of WLM.
Results
The analysis included 66 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years; 47% female). Lower leptin response to meal testing was associated with greater WLM in terms of BMI percent change in those receiving exenatide compared to placebo (p = 0.007) after adjusting for sex, age and BMI. There were no other significant predictors of WLM.
Conclusions
Prior to exenatide, lower leptin response to meals was associated with improved WLM with exenatide compared to placebo. The mostly null findings of this study suggest that GLP1-RA treatment may produce similar WLM for adolescents with obesity regardless of age, BMI, sex and eating behaviours.
{"title":"Evaluating appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours as predictors of weight loss maintenance with GLP-1RA therapy in adolescents with severe obesity","authors":"Megan O. Bensignor, Aaron S. Kelly, Alicia Kunin-Batson, Claudia K. Fox, Rebecca Freese, Justin Clark, Kyle D. Rudser, Eric M. Bomberg, Justin Ryder, Amy C. Gross","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whilst glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1-RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once-weekly exenatide extended release or placebo. In this secondary analysis, eating behaviours and appetite/satiety regulation hormones post-meal replacement therapy (pre-randomization to exenatide or placebo) were evaluated as possible predictors of WLM. Percent change in BMI from randomization to 52 weeks served as the primary measure of WLM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis included 66 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years; 47% female). Lower leptin response to meal testing was associated with greater WLM in terms of BMI percent change in those receiving exenatide compared to placebo (<i>p</i> = 0.007) after adjusting for sex, age and BMI. There were no other significant predictors of WLM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior to exenatide, lower leptin response to meals was associated with improved WLM with exenatide compared to placebo. The mostly null findings of this study suggest that GLP1-RA treatment may produce similar WLM for adolescents with obesity regardless of age, BMI, sex and eating behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vani Sethi, Shalini Bassi, Deepika Bahl, Abhishek Kumar, Tashi Choedon, Neena Bhatia, Arjan de Wagt, William Joe, Monika Arora
Background
Childhood obesity (5–9 years) in India is likely to contribute 11% to the global burden by 2030.
Methods
Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–2018) was used to assess the prevalence and key associated factors of overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify potential determinants associated with being overweight and obese.
Results
Overweight prevalence (including obesity) varied from 1.6% (0–4 years) to 4.8% (10–19 years). The majority of states reported a higher proportion of adolescents overweight and obese, than younger age group 5–9 years. A significantly higher prevalence of children and adolescents with obesity was reported in higher wealth quintiles and residents of urban areas. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India included: the presence of NCD risk factor (adolescents: 1.68, 95% CI [1.31–2.14]), micronutrient deficiency (5–9 years children: 1.72, 95% CI [1.30–2.28]), mother's education (5–9 years children: 4.84, 95% CI [2.92–8.03]; adolescents: 2.17, 95% CI [1.42–3.32]), wealth (adolescents: 1.92, 95% CI [1.16–3.19]), place of residence (5–9 years children: 1.68, 95% CI [1.39–2.03]; adolescents: 1.39, 95% CI [1.16–1.66]), child age (5–9 years children: 1.64, 95% CI [1.40–1.93], and screen-time (adolescents: 1.63, 95% CI [1.22–2.19].
Conclusion
The findings set out policy and research recommendations to pave the path for curtailing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and achieving the World Health Assembly's Global Nutrition target of ‘no increase in childhood overweight (Target 4) by 2025’.
背景：到 2030 年，印度儿童肥胖症（5-9 岁）可能占全球负担的 11%：方法：利用印度全国营养综合调查（CNNS，2016-2018 年）的数据来评估超重和肥胖的发生率及主要相关因素。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与超重和肥胖相关的潜在决定因素：超重率（包括肥胖）从 1.6%（0-4 岁）到 4.8%（10-19 岁）不等。大多数州报告的青少年超重和肥胖比例高于 5-9 岁年龄组。据报告，在财富五分位数较高的地区和城市居民中，儿童和青少年的肥胖率明显较高。印度超重和肥胖的发生率以及相关的人口和健康因素包括：存在非传染性疾病风险因素（青少年：1.68，95% CI [1.31-2.14]）、微量营养素缺乏（5-9 岁儿童：1.72，95% CI [1.30-2.28]）、母亲受教育程度（5-9 岁儿童：4.84，95% CI [1.30-2.28]）：4.84，95% CI [2.92-8.03]；青少年：2.17，95% CI [1.42-3.32]）、财富（青少年：1.92，95% CI [1.16-3.19]）、居住地（5-9 岁儿童：1.68，95% CI [1.39-2.03]；青少年：1.39，95% CI [1.39-2.03]）：1.39，95% CI [1.16-1.66]）、儿童年龄（5-9 岁儿童：1.64，95% CI [1.40-1.93]）和屏幕时间（青少年：1.63，95% CI [1.16-3.19]）：1.63, 95% CI [1.22-2.19]：研究结果提出了政策和研究建议，为遏制超重和肥胖症的日益普遍以及实现世界卫生大会提出的 "到 2025 年儿童超重不再增加（目标 4）"的全球营养目标铺平了道路。
{"title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India: Findings from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS)","authors":"Vani Sethi, Shalini Bassi, Deepika Bahl, Abhishek Kumar, Tashi Choedon, Neena Bhatia, Arjan de Wagt, William Joe, Monika Arora","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity (5–9 years) in India is likely to contribute 11% to the global burden by 2030.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–2018) was used to assess the prevalence and key associated factors of overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify potential determinants associated with being overweight and obese.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overweight prevalence (including obesity) varied from 1.6% (0–4 years) to 4.8% (10–19 years). The majority of states reported a higher proportion of adolescents overweight and obese, than younger age group 5–9 years. A significantly higher prevalence of children and adolescents with obesity was reported in higher wealth quintiles and residents of urban areas. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India included: the presence of NCD risk factor (adolescents: 1.68, 95% CI [1.31–2.14]), micronutrient deficiency (5–9 years children: 1.72, 95% CI [1.30–2.28]), mother's education (5–9 years children: 4.84, 95% CI [2.92–8.03]; adolescents: 2.17, 95% CI [1.42–3.32]), wealth (adolescents: 1.92, 95% CI [1.16–3.19]), place of residence (5–9 years children: 1.68, 95% CI [1.39–2.03]; adolescents: 1.39, 95% CI [1.16–1.66]), child age (5–9 years children: 1.64, 95% CI [1.40–1.93], and screen-time (adolescents: 1.63, 95% CI [1.22–2.19].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings set out policy and research recommendations to pave the path for curtailing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and achieving the World Health Assembly's Global Nutrition target of ‘no increase in childhood overweight (Target 4) by 2025’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139701348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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