Diamond L. McGehee, Jessica L. Saben, Clark R. Sims, Donald Turner, Keshari M. Thakali, Eva C. Diaz, Sarah R. Sobik, Timothy Edwards, Rebecca A. Krukowski, D. Keith Williams, Elisabet Børsheim, Aline Andres
Introduction
Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.
Methods
Triads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (n = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum-based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years.
Results
In this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.
Conclusions
Dietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.
{"title":"Childhood cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the perinatal environment of the maternal–paternal–child triad","authors":"Diamond L. McGehee, Jessica L. Saben, Clark R. Sims, Donald Turner, Keshari M. Thakali, Eva C. Diaz, Sarah R. Sobik, Timothy Edwards, Rebecca A. Krukowski, D. Keith Williams, Elisabet Børsheim, Aline Andres","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Triads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (<i>n</i> = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum-based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa N. Sidote, Nicole Bornkamp, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Amy R. Nichols, Mingyu Zhang
Introduction
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a biomarker of long-term stress. Higher HCC is associated with higher adiposity in adults; however, associations are not well characterized in adolescents.
Objective
To examine cross-sectional associations of HCC with adiposity in late adolescence.
Methods
Amongst 336 non-Hispanic White participants (48.5% female, mean 17.7 years) in Project Viva, we used multivariable linear regression models, overall and sex-stratified, to estimate associations of HCC with body mass index (BMI), bioelectric impedance (BIA) percent body fat, waist circumference (WC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-measured percent and total fat or trunk fat mass. We adjusted models for age and known predictors of adiposity.
Results
Median (interquartile range) HCC was 2.1 pm/mg (1.0–4.5) and mean (SD) BMI was 23.1 kg/m2 (3.9), BIA %body fat 20.2% (9.9) and WC 80.6 cm (10.9). In adjusted models, higher HCC (per doubling) was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.19 kg/m2; 95%CI 0.00, 0.37) and BIA percent body fat (β = 0.41%; 95%CI 0.04, 0.77). We observed no evidence of effect modification by sex.
Conclusions
Higher HCC was associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence. Further research is needed to disentangle the relationship between HCC and adolescent adiposity, including the temporal direction of the relationship and sex-specific associations.
{"title":"Hair cortisol concentrations are associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence amongst non-Hispanic White individuals","authors":"Melissa N. Sidote, Nicole Bornkamp, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Amy R. Nichols, Mingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a biomarker of long-term stress. Higher HCC is associated with higher adiposity in adults; however, associations are not well characterized in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine cross-sectional associations of HCC with adiposity in late adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amongst 336 non-Hispanic White participants (48.5% female, mean 17.7 years) in Project Viva, we used multivariable linear regression models, overall and sex-stratified, to estimate associations of HCC with body mass index (BMI), bioelectric impedance (BIA) percent body fat, waist circumference (WC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-measured percent and total fat or trunk fat mass. We adjusted models for age and known predictors of adiposity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (interquartile range) HCC was 2.1 pm/mg (1.0–4.5) and mean (SD) BMI was 23.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (3.9), BIA %body fat 20.2% (9.9) and WC 80.6 cm (10.9). In adjusted models, higher HCC (per doubling) was associated with higher BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.19 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 95%CI 0.00, 0.37) and BIA percent body fat (<i>β</i> = 0.41%; 95%CI 0.04, 0.77). We observed no evidence of effect modification by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher HCC was associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence. Further research is needed to disentangle the relationship between HCC and adolescent adiposity, including the temporal direction of the relationship and sex-specific associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.
Objective
Prospectively estimate the association between dairy and non-dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.
Methods
The sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3-day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (z-score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA-IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.
Results
Calcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), WC (cm) (β = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36; −0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.26; −0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (β = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.48; −0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).
Conclusions
This study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.
{"title":"Association between calcium intake from different food sources during childhood and cardiometabolic risk on adolescence: The Generation XXI birth cohort","authors":"Sara Silva, Milton Severo, Carla Lopes","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospectively estimate the association between dairy and non-dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3-day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (<i>z</i>-score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA-IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (<i>β</i> = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), WC (cm) (<i>β</i> = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36; −0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (<i>β</i> = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.26; −0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (<i>β</i> = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.48; −0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (<i>β</i> = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ophir Borger, Anat Segev-Becker, Liat Perl, Asaf Ben Simon, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, Tamar Sheppes, Avivit Brener, Asaf Oren, Yael Lebenthal
Background
There is a scarcity of published studies evaluating transgender/gender-diverse youth before initiating gender-affirming hormones.
Aim
To study the body composition, metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and lifestyle habits in treatment-naïve transgender youth.
Methods
Cross-sectional study evaluating 153 transgender youth [median age 15.7 years, 94 transgender males] who attended The Israeli Children and Adolescents Gender Clinic between 6/2021–12/2022. Clinical, metabolic data and lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity and sleep patterns) were retrieved from the medical files. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index and muscle-to-fat ratio z-scores were calculated by sex designated at birth.
Results
Weight categories differed between genders, with a greater proportion of subjects classified as underweight among transgender females, and a greater proportion affected by overweight/obese/severe obese among transgender males (p = 0.035). The odds for MetS components were increased by 2.2 for every 1 standard deviation decrease in the muscle-to-fat ratio z-score (95%CI: 1.45 to 3.26, p < 0.001). About one-third of the cohort did not meet any of the three lifestyle recommendations. Transgender males had increased odds for MetS components by 3.49 (95%CI: 1.63 to 7.44, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Treatment-naïve transgender-male adolescents have an imbalance between muscle and adipose tissue, which places them at increased susceptibility for MetS components even prior to hormonal treatment.
{"title":"Body composition, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle in treatment-naïve gender-diverse youth in Israel","authors":"Ophir Borger, Anat Segev-Becker, Liat Perl, Asaf Ben Simon, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, Tamar Sheppes, Avivit Brener, Asaf Oren, Yael Lebenthal","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a scarcity of published studies evaluating transgender/gender-diverse youth before initiating gender-affirming hormones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To study the body composition, metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and lifestyle habits in treatment-naïve transgender youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study evaluating 153 transgender youth [median age 15.7 years, 94 transgender males] who attended The Israeli Children and Adolescents Gender Clinic between 6/2021–12/2022. Clinical, metabolic data and lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity and sleep patterns) were retrieved from the medical files. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index and muscle-to-fat ratio z-scores were calculated by sex designated at birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight categories differed between genders, with a greater proportion of subjects classified as underweight among transgender females, and a greater proportion affected by overweight/obese/severe obese among transgender males (<i>p</i> = 0.035). The odds for MetS components were increased by 2.2 for every 1 standard deviation decrease in the muscle-to-fat ratio z-score (95%CI: 1.45 to 3.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001). About one-third of the cohort did not meet any of the three lifestyle recommendations. Transgender males had increased odds for MetS components by 3.49 (95%CI: 1.63 to 7.44, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment-naïve transgender-male adolescents have an imbalance between muscle and adipose tissue, which places them at increased susceptibility for MetS components even prior to hormonal treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Observational studies consistently indicate an association between early-life body mass index (BMI) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the causal relationship between early-life BMI and six types of CVDs using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.
Methods
The dataset for this study was derived from large-scale, summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies. Specifically, the following datasets we used, early-life BMI (n = 61 111, age = 2–10), heart failure (HF) dataset (n = 977 323), atrial fibrillation (AF) dataset (n = 1 030 836), coronary artery disease (CAD) dataset (n = 184 305), peripheral artery disease (PAD) dataset (n = 243 060), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) dataset (n = 1 500 861) and myocardial infarction (MI) dataset (n = 638 000). Multiple MR methods were utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcomes, accompanied by sensitivity analysis.
Results
Early-life BMI positively correlates with the risk of developing the six distinct CVDs included in this study. Specifically, elevated BMI during childhood is associated with a 31.9% risk for HF (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.319, 95% CI [1.160 to 1.499], p = 2.33 × 10−5), an 18.3% risk for AF (R = 1.183, 95% CI [1.088 to 1.287], p = 8.22 × 10−5), an 14.8% risk for CAD (OR = 1.148, 95% CI [1.028 to 1.283], p = 1.47 × 10−2), a 40.5% risk for PAD (OR = 1.405, 95% CI [1.233 to 1.600], p = 3.10 × 10−7) and 12.0% risk for MI (OR = 1.120, 95% CI [1.017 to 1.234], p = 2.18 × 10−2). Interestingly, the risk for deep venous thrombosis only increased by 0.5% (OR = 1.005, 95% CI [1.001 to 1.008], p = 2.13 × 10−3).
Conclusion
Genetically inferred early-life BMI is significantly associated with six distinct CVDs. This indicates that elevated early-life BMI is a significant risk factor for multiple cardiovascular disorders.
{"title":"Early-life body mass index and the risk of six cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian Randomization study","authors":"Bojun Zhou, Lianghao Zhu, Xia Du, Hua Meng","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational studies consistently indicate an association between early-life body mass index (BMI) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the causal relationship between early-life BMI and six types of CVDs using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset for this study was derived from large-scale, summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies. Specifically, the following datasets we used, early-life BMI (<i>n</i> = 61 111, age = 2–10), heart failure (HF) dataset (<i>n</i> = 977 323), atrial fibrillation (AF) dataset (<i>n</i> = 1 030 836), coronary artery disease (CAD) dataset (<i>n</i> = 184 305), peripheral artery disease (PAD) dataset (<i>n</i> = 243 060), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) dataset (<i>n</i> = 1 500 861) and myocardial infarction (MI) dataset (<i>n</i> = 638 000). Multiple MR methods were utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcomes, accompanied by sensitivity analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early-life BMI positively correlates with the risk of developing the six distinct CVDs included in this study. Specifically, elevated BMI during childhood is associated with a 31.9% risk for HF (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.319, 95% CI [1.160 to 1.499], <i>p</i> = 2.33 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), an 18.3% risk for AF (R = 1.183, 95% CI [1.088 to 1.287], <i>p</i> = 8.22 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), an 14.8% risk for CAD (OR = 1.148, 95% CI [1.028 to 1.283], <i>p</i> = 1.47 × 10<sup>−2</sup>), a 40.5% risk for PAD (OR = 1.405, 95% CI [1.233 to 1.600], <i>p</i> = 3.10 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) and 12.0% risk for MI (OR = 1.120, 95% CI [1.017 to 1.234], <i>p</i> = 2.18 × 10<sup>−2</sup>). Interestingly, the risk for deep venous thrombosis only increased by 0.5% (OR = 1.005, 95% CI [1.001 to 1.008], <i>p</i> = 2.13 × 10<sup>−3</sup>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetically inferred early-life BMI is significantly associated with six distinct CVDs. This indicates that elevated early-life BMI is a significant risk factor for multiple cardiovascular disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11–15) from Kraków during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods
Two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs-to-trunk fat ratio and limbs-to-total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution.
Results
Higher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs-to-total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs-to-trunk fat radio.
Conclusions
The introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.
{"title":"The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents from Kraków (Poland)","authors":"Paulina Artymiak, Magdalena Żegleń, Łukasz Kryst","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11–15) from Kraków during the COVID-19 pandemic period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs-to-trunk fat ratio and limbs-to-total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs-to-total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs-to-trunk fat radio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Zenno, Ejike E. Nwosu, Syeda Z. Fatima, Evan P. Nadler, Nazrat M. Mirza, Sheila M. Brady, Sara A. Turner, Shanna B. Yang, Julia Lazareva, Jennifer A. Te-Vasquez, Kong Y. Chen, Stephanie T. Chung, Jack A. Yanovski
Background
Up to 50% of adolescents who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) have obesity 3 years post-MBS, placing them at continued risk for the consequences of obesity.
Objectives
We conducted an open-label, 16-week pilot study of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to investigate liraglutide effects on weight and body mass index (BMI) post-SG.
Methods
Adolescents aged 12–20.99 years with obesity and a history of SG ≥1 year prior were enrolled. Liraglutide was initiated at 0.6 mg/day, escalated weekly to a maximum of 3 mg/day, with treatment duration 16 weeks. Fasting laboratory assessments and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed at baseline and end-treatment.
Results
A total of 43 participants were screened, 34 initiated liraglutide (baseline BMI 41.2 ± 7.7 kg/m2), and 31 (91%) attended the end-treatment visit. BMI decreased by 4.3% (p < 0.001) with liraglutide. Adolescents who had poor initial response to SG (<20% BMI reduction at BMI nadir) had less weight loss with liraglutide. Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1C concentrations significantly decreased. There were no serious treatment-emergent adverse events reported.
Conclusions
Liraglutide treatment was feasible and associated with a BMI reduction of 4.3% in adolescents who had previously undergone SG, quantitatively similar to results obtained in adolescents with obesity who have not undergone MBS.
{"title":"An open-label 16-week study of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity post-sleeve gastrectomy","authors":"Anna Zenno, Ejike E. Nwosu, Syeda Z. Fatima, Evan P. Nadler, Nazrat M. Mirza, Sheila M. Brady, Sara A. Turner, Shanna B. Yang, Julia Lazareva, Jennifer A. Te-Vasquez, Kong Y. Chen, Stephanie T. Chung, Jack A. Yanovski","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Up to 50% of adolescents who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) have obesity 3 years post-MBS, placing them at continued risk for the consequences of obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an open-label, 16-week pilot study of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to investigate liraglutide effects on weight and body mass index (BMI) post-SG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents aged 12–20.99 years with obesity and a history of SG ≥1 year prior were enrolled. Liraglutide was initiated at 0.6 mg/day, escalated weekly to a maximum of 3 mg/day, with treatment duration 16 weeks. Fasting laboratory assessments and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed at baseline and end-treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 43 participants were screened, 34 initiated liraglutide (baseline BMI 41.2 ± 7.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and 31 (91%) attended the end-treatment visit. BMI decreased by 4.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with liraglutide. Adolescents who had poor initial response to SG (<20% BMI reduction at BMI nadir) had less weight loss with liraglutide. Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1C concentrations significantly decreased. There were no serious treatment-emergent adverse events reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liraglutide treatment was feasible and associated with a BMI reduction of 4.3% in adolescents who had previously undergone SG, quantitatively similar to results obtained in adolescents with obesity who have not undergone MBS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parents play a substantial role in improving adolescent dietary behaviours.
Objectives
To examine the interdependent relationships between motivations (autonomous and emotional motivation) and dietary behaviours (fruit and vegetable [F/V] and junk food and sugar-sweetened beverage [JF/SSB] intake) within parent–adolescent dyads.
Methods
This secondary data analysis was conducted on 1522 parent–adolescent dyads using a cross-sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. The ratio of boys to girls among the adolescents was approximately equal, and 74% of the parents were mothers. The adolescents were between 12 and 17 years old, and 85.5% of the parents were between 35 and 59 years old. Parents and adolescents completed an online survey on dietary motivations and behaviours. Actor–partner interdependence models were performed within parent–adolescent dyads.
Results
F/V and JF/SSB intake was influenced by parents' or adolescents' autonomous motivation (actor-only pattern), except among adolescents with obesity. A dyadic pattern was found in the relationship between autonomous motivation and F/V and JF/SSB intake, but only among adolescents with normal weight. No relationship was found between F/V and JF/SSB controlled motivation and F/V or JF/SSB intake among adolescents with overweight or obesity.
Conclusions
Autonomous motivation had a significant relationship with F/V and JF/SSB intake for both parents and adolescents, but the association varied depending on the adolescents' weight. Personalized programmes that foster autonomous motivation to change dietary behaviours should be provided based on the adolescents' weight status.
{"title":"Relationship between motivations and dietary behaviours within parent–adolescent dyads: Application of actor–partner interdependence models","authors":"So Hyun Park, Hanjong Park","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents play a substantial role in improving adolescent dietary behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the interdependent relationships between motivations (autonomous and emotional motivation) and dietary behaviours (fruit and vegetable [F/V] and junk food and sugar-sweetened beverage [JF/SSB] intake) within parent–adolescent dyads.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary data analysis was conducted on 1522 parent–adolescent dyads using a cross-sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. The ratio of boys to girls among the adolescents was approximately equal, and 74% of the parents were mothers. The adolescents were between 12 and 17 years old, and 85.5% of the parents were between 35 and 59 years old. Parents and adolescents completed an online survey on dietary motivations and behaviours. Actor–partner interdependence models were performed within parent–adolescent dyads.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>F/V and JF/SSB intake was influenced by parents' or adolescents' autonomous motivation (actor-only pattern), except among adolescents with obesity. A dyadic pattern was found in the relationship between autonomous motivation and F/V and JF/SSB intake, but only among adolescents with normal weight. No relationship was found between F/V and JF/SSB controlled motivation and F/V or JF/SSB intake among adolescents with overweight or obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autonomous motivation had a significant relationship with F/V and JF/SSB intake for both parents and adolescents, but the association varied depending on the adolescents' weight. Personalized programmes that foster autonomous motivation to change dietary behaviours should be provided based on the adolescents' weight status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unai Miguel Andres, Beau L. Mansker, Shellye Suttles, Sara K. Naramore
Background
Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide epidemic that requires a biopsychosocial treatment approach to achieve a healthy lifestyle. This study on children in a weight management program examines the relationship between obesity, disease complications, and social determinants of health. We expect that children with higher degrees of obesity are more likely to live in areas lacking access to healthy food and have similar behavioural and socioeconomic characteristics.
Methods
Program participants were identified by neighbourhood food access status based on their home address. The prevalence of comorbidities in the participants was analyzed according to neighbourhood food accessibility. Multivariate regressions evaluated the association between participants' health outcomes and their sociodemographic and geographical characteristics.
Results
A total of 283 (98.3%) participants had a BMI ≥95th percentile for their age and sex and 68 (23.6%) lived in neighbourhoods with limited food access. Almost a third (Adj. R2 = 0.3302; p < 0.01) of the variability in study population's BMI was driven by sociodemographic factors, self-reported eating and physical activity behaviours, and had a positive relationship with access to healthy food. Nonetheless, HbA1c had a negative relationship with access to healthy food given the limited variation in the sample of participants with HbA1c levels indicating diabetes.
Conclusion
Children living in neighbourhoods with limited food access had higher BMIs than other program participants. Thus, it is critical to identify children with limited neighbourhood food accessibility and promote societal and legislative change to improve access to healthy food.
{"title":"Understanding the relationship between limited neighbourhood food access and health outcomes of children with obesity","authors":"Unai Miguel Andres, Beau L. Mansker, Shellye Suttles, Sara K. Naramore","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13151","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide epidemic that requires a biopsychosocial treatment approach to achieve a healthy lifestyle. This study on children in a weight management program examines the relationship between obesity, disease complications, and social determinants of health. We expect that children with higher degrees of obesity are more likely to live in areas lacking access to healthy food and have similar behavioural and socioeconomic characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Program participants were identified by neighbourhood food access status based on their home address. The prevalence of comorbidities in the participants was analyzed according to neighbourhood food accessibility. Multivariate regressions evaluated the association between participants' health outcomes and their sociodemographic and geographical characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 283 (98.3%) participants had a BMI ≥95th percentile for their age and sex and 68 (23.6%) lived in neighbourhoods with limited food access. Almost a third (Adj. <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.3302; <i>p</i> < 0.01) of the variability in study population's BMI was driven by sociodemographic factors, self-reported eating and physical activity behaviours, and had a positive relationship with access to healthy food. Nonetheless, HbA1c had a negative relationship with access to healthy food given the limited variation in the sample of participants with HbA1c levels indicating diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children living in neighbourhoods with limited food access had higher BMIs than other program participants. Thus, it is critical to identify children with limited neighbourhood food accessibility and promote societal and legislative change to improve access to healthy food.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose J. Gil-Cosano, Abel Plaza-Florido, Luis Gracia-Marco, Jairo H. Migueles, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Marcos Olvera-Rojas, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Idoia Labayen, Alejandro Lucia, Francisco B. Ortega
Background
We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity.
Methods
Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined.
Results
No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all p ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL-1β (p = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL-1β levels (mean Z-score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32–1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL-1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, p = 0.01).
Conclusions
This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.
{"title":"Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory profile of children with overweight/obesity: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Jose J. Gil-Cosano, Abel Plaza-Florido, Luis Gracia-Marco, Jairo H. Migueles, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Marcos Olvera-Rojas, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Idoia Labayen, Alejandro Lucia, Francisco B. Ortega","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13152","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all <i>p</i> ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL-1β (<i>p</i> = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL-1β levels (mean <i>Z</i>-score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32–1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL-1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号