Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jorge R. Fernández-Santos, Mairena Sánchez-López, Natalia García-Corada, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, Nuria Romero-Parra, Manuel A. Rodriguez Perez, Pere Palou, Cecilia Dorado-García, German Vicente-Rodríguez, Francisco B. Ortega, David Jiménez-Pavón
Background and objectives
Obesity and physical fitness are known to be influenced by various geographic factors and ethnicity in children. However, there is limited evidence on the level to which these factors can influence very early in life, at preschool age. This study aimed to describe and compare total and central obesity and physical fitness according to geographic factors and ethnicity in preschoolers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 3179 preschoolers (4.6 ± 0.9y, 52.8% boys). Geographic factors (location and type of area: rural/urban) were assessed based on the school setting, while ethnicity was determined through parental self-report. Total and central obesity and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed-agility, balance) were assessed using the PREFIT battery.
Results
Preschoolers from southern regions of Spain presented higher total obesity along with lower performance in cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscular strength compared to their northern peers (p ≤ 0.017). However, they demonstrated greater levels of upper-limb muscular strength and balance (p < 0.001). Preschoolers from rural areas of Spain showed higher central obesity but better fitness performance compared to those from urban areas (p ≤ 0.004). White and African preschoolers showed lower levels of total and central obesity than Latin preschoolers (p ≤ 0.003) and performed better in upper-limb muscular strength and speed–agility compared to Asian or Latin preschoolers (p ≤ 0.037).
Conclusion
This study highlights significant physical health inequalities among preschoolers based on geographical factors and ethnic backgrounds. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies to address socioeconomic and environmental determinants of early-life health disparities.
{"title":"Geographic and ethnic inequalities in total and central obesity, and physical fitness among preschool children: Insights from the PREFIT project","authors":"Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jorge R. Fernández-Santos, Mairena Sánchez-López, Natalia García-Corada, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, Nuria Romero-Parra, Manuel A. Rodriguez Perez, Pere Palou, Cecilia Dorado-García, German Vicente-Rodríguez, Francisco B. Ortega, David Jiménez-Pavón","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity and physical fitness are known to be influenced by various geographic factors and ethnicity in children. However, there is limited evidence on the level to which these factors can influence very early in life, at preschool age. This study aimed to describe and compare total and central obesity and physical fitness according to geographic factors and ethnicity in preschoolers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 3179 preschoolers (4.6 ± 0.9y, 52.8% boys). Geographic factors (location and type of area: rural/urban) were assessed based on the school setting, while ethnicity was determined through parental self-report. Total and central obesity and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed-agility, balance) were assessed using the PREFIT battery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preschoolers from southern regions of Spain presented higher total obesity along with lower performance in cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscular strength compared to their northern peers (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.017). However, they demonstrated greater levels of upper-limb muscular strength and balance (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Preschoolers from rural areas of Spain showed higher central obesity but better fitness performance compared to those from urban areas (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.004). White and African preschoolers showed lower levels of total and central obesity than Latin preschoolers (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.003) and performed better in upper-limb muscular strength and speed–agility compared to Asian or Latin preschoolers (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.037).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights significant physical health inequalities among preschoolers based on geographical factors and ethnic backgrounds. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies to address socioeconomic and environmental determinants of early-life health disparities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Costa, Sílvia Fraga, Marion M. Hetherington, Andreia Oliveira
Objective
To explore the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and appetitive traits in adolescence.
Methods
Participants were 4118 children from the Generation XXI cohort. ACEs were assessed at age 10 with a self-administered questionnaire covering 15 different experiences and analysed by exposure categories (0, 1–3, 4–5 and ≥6) and dimensions identified through component analysis. Appetitive traits at age 13 were measured with the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, completed by parents. Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, was used.
Results
Ninety-six percent reported at least one ACE, with 26% reporting ≥6. Those who reported at least one ACE had higher scores on food approach traits, indicative of an avid appetite. A dose–response relationship was observed between the number of ACEs and Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating and Desire to Drink. Participants with ≥6 ACEs scored higher on Enjoyment of Food (= 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06, 0.31]) and Emotional Undereating (= 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]), and lower on Slowness in Eating ( = −0.19, 95%CI [−0.32, −0.06]). Analysis by ACEs dimensions revealed more consistent associations with food approach traits.
Conclusion
Greater ACE exposure was associated with appetitive traits that increase obesity risk, suggesting that these traits may contribute to explaining the association between ACEs and obesity.
目的：探讨不良童年经历与青少年食欲特征的关系。方法：研究对象为来自21代队列的4118名儿童。在10岁时通过一份涵盖15种不同经历的自填问卷对ace进行评估，并根据暴露类别（0、1-3、4-5和≥6）和成分分析确定的维度进行分析。13岁时的食欲特征由父母填写的儿童饮食行为问卷进行测量。采用多变量线性回归分析，调整社会人口因素。结果：96％的患者报告至少一次ACE， 26％的患者报告至少一次ACE% reporting ≥6. Those who reported at least one ACE had higher scores on food approach traits, indicative of an avid appetite. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of ACEs and Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating and Desire to Drink. Participants with ≥6 ACEs scored higher on Enjoyment of Food ( β ̂ $$ hat{beta } $$ = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06, 0.31]) and Emotional Undereating ( β ̂ $$ hat{beta} $$ = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]), and lower on Slowness in Eating ( β ̂ $$ hat{beta} $$ = -0.19, 95%CI [-0.32, -0.06]). Analysis by ACEs dimensions revealed more consistent associations with food approach traits.Conclusion: Greater ACE exposure was associated with appetitive traits that increase obesity risk, suggesting that these traits may contribute to explaining the association between ACEs and obesity.
{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and appetitive traits in adolescence: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Alexandra Costa, Sílvia Fraga, Marion M. Hetherington, Andreia Oliveira","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and appetitive traits in adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 4118 children from the Generation XXI cohort. ACEs were assessed at age 10 with a self-administered questionnaire covering 15 different experiences and analysed by exposure categories (0, 1–3, 4–5 and ≥6) and dimensions identified through component analysis. Appetitive traits at age 13 were measured with the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, completed by parents. Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, was used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-six percent reported at least one ACE, with 26% reporting ≥6. Those who reported at least one ACE had higher scores on food approach traits, indicative of an avid appetite. A dose–response relationship was observed between the number of ACEs and Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating and Desire to Drink. Participants with ≥6 ACEs scored higher on Enjoyment of Food (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>̂</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow></math>= 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06, 0.31]) and Emotional Undereating (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mo>̂</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow></math>= 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25]), and lower on Slowness in Eating (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mo>̂</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow></math> = −0.19, 95%CI [−0.32, −0.06]). Analysis by ACEs dimensions revealed more consistent associations with food approach traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greater ACE exposure was associated with appetitive traits that increase obesity risk, suggesting that these traits may contribute to explaining the association between ACEs and obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda M. Jústiz, Matthew J. Landry, Jaimie N. Davis
Introduction
High adiposity in children can predict cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. This study investigated if changes in dietary quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), are associated with changes in anthropometric measurements in children.
Methods
This secondary analysis used data from TX Sprouts, a cluster randomized controlled trial that investigated the effects of a 1-year school nutrition program on child diet and obesity. 24-hour dietary recalls were used to measure HEI-2020 at baseline and post-intervention. Anthropometric outcomes were BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Linear regression models assessed associations between changes in HEI-2020 total and component scores and anthropometrics.
Results
Participants (n = 424) were 53% male, 56% Hispanic, and the average age was 9.3 years. A 10-point increase in total HEI-2020 score was associated with a 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–0.6%) decrease in body fat percentage. Increases in whole grain and decreases in refined grain component scores were associated with decreases in body fat percentage. Changes in total or component scores were not associated with changes in BMI, BMI-Z, or waist circumference.
Conclusion
This study found associations between increased diet quality and decreased body fat percentage in a primarily low-income, multi-ethnic population of children.
{"title":"Associations between healthy eating index and anthropometric outcomes in multiethnic elementary-aged children","authors":"Amanda M. Jústiz, Matthew J. Landry, Jaimie N. Davis","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High adiposity in children can predict cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. This study investigated if changes in dietary quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), are associated with changes in anthropometric measurements in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary analysis used data from TX Sprouts, a cluster randomized controlled trial that investigated the effects of a 1-year school nutrition program on child diet and obesity. 24-hour dietary recalls were used to measure HEI-2020 at baseline and post-intervention. Anthropometric outcomes were BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Linear regression models assessed associations between changes in HEI-2020 total and component scores and anthropometrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>n</i> = 424) were 53% male, 56% Hispanic, and the average age was 9.3 years. A 10-point increase in total HEI-2020 score was associated with a 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–0.6%) decrease in body fat percentage. Increases in whole grain and decreases in refined grain component scores were associated with decreases in body fat percentage. Changes in total or component scores were not associated with changes in BMI, BMI-Z, or waist circumference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found associations between increased diet quality and decreased body fat percentage in a primarily low-income, multi-ethnic population of children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Yan Shi, Ya-Kun Liu, Yan Chen, Zhi-Ying Jiang, Meng-Xuan Ye, Jian Wang
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a prevalent liver condition in children and teenagers with obesity. Unfortunately, there is no standardized treatment.
Objective
To examine the connection between apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and the apoB/apoA1 ratio with the occurrence of MASLD in this population.
Methods
A retrospective study was made on children and adolescents with obesity in a children's hospital between the period 2020 and 2022. Anthropometric data, ultrasound results, and blood biochemistry were analysed to assess the connection between apoB, apoA1, and the presence of MASLD.
Results
Of the 916 participants included, 313 were diagnosed with MASLD. The level of serum apoB reflected a substantial dose–response correlation with the odds of having MASLD. When apoB levels exceeded the 50th percentile, the risk increased significantly, and at the 95th percentile, the odds were 4.83 times higher than at the 50th percentile (95% CI: 2.02–11.56). The ratio of apoB/apoA1 at the 95th percentile was connected to a 2.41-fold higher prevalence compared to the 50th percentile (95% CI: 1.33–4.37). No significant correlation was found between the levels of apoA1 and MASLD prevalence.
Conclusion
Elevated levels of apoB and the apoB/apoA1 ratio have been strongly connected to increased MASLD prevalence in children and adolescents with obesity; hence, signifying their potential usefulness as biomarkers for early detection and intervention.
{"title":"The correlation of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1 with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children and adolescents with obesity","authors":"Xiao-Yan Shi, Ya-Kun Liu, Yan Chen, Zhi-Ying Jiang, Meng-Xuan Ye, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a prevalent liver condition in children and teenagers with obesity. Unfortunately, there is no standardized treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the connection between apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and the apoB/apoA1 ratio with the occurrence of MASLD in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study was made on children and adolescents with obesity in a children's hospital between the period 2020 and 2022. Anthropometric data, ultrasound results, and blood biochemistry were analysed to assess the connection between apoB, apoA1, and the presence of MASLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 916 participants included, 313 were diagnosed with MASLD. The level of serum apoB reflected a substantial dose–response correlation with the odds of having MASLD. When apoB levels exceeded the 50th percentile, the risk increased significantly, and at the 95th percentile, the odds were 4.83 times higher than at the 50th percentile (95% CI: 2.02–11.56). The ratio of apoB/apoA1 at the 95th percentile was connected to a 2.41-fold higher prevalence compared to the 50th percentile (95% CI: 1.33–4.37). No significant correlation was found between the levels of apoA1 and MASLD prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated levels of apoB and the apoB/apoA1 ratio have been strongly connected to increased MASLD prevalence in children and adolescents with obesity; hence, signifying their potential usefulness as biomarkers for early detection and intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masahiro Noda, Satomi Yoshida, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Masato Takeuchi, Chihiro Kawakami, Koji Kawakami, Shuichi Ito, The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in affluent nations, with parental education as a key factor. However, the meaning of socioeconomic indicators may vary by race and country, and research on this topic in Asian countries is limited.
Objectives
We investigated the association between parents' educational status and childhood obesity in Japan.
Methods
We utilized data from Japan's birth cohort, recruiting participants from 2011 to 2014, and included 49 564 children. Parental educational status was categorized into four groups: both parents with lower education (LM-LF), mothers with higher education and fathers with lower education (HM-LF), mothers with lower education and fathers with higher education (LM-HF), and both parents with higher education (HM-HF). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between parental education and overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children.
Results
Of the participants, 17.9%, 16.9%, 16.2% and 15.4% were overweight/obese; and 5.5%, 4.6%, 4.4% and 3.8% were obese in LM-LF, HM-LF, LM-HF and HM-HF groups, respectively. When the reference group was defined as children born to parents with HM-HF, the adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity in LM-LF, HM-LF and LM-HF were 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.06–1.21), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95–1.12); and those for obesity were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.20–1.50), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.96–1.28), respectively.
Conclusions
Lower educational status in both parents was associated with overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children in Japan. Public policies might target parents with lower education to prevent childhood obesity.
{"title":"Investigating the association between parental educational status and offspring obesity risk using the Japan Environment and Children's Study","authors":"Masahiro Noda, Satomi Yoshida, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Masato Takeuchi, Chihiro Kawakami, Koji Kawakami, Shuichi Ito, The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in affluent nations, with parental education as a key factor. However, the meaning of socioeconomic indicators may vary by race and country, and research on this topic in Asian countries is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the association between parents' educational status and childhood obesity in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilized data from Japan's birth cohort, recruiting participants from 2011 to 2014, and included 49 564 children. Parental educational status was categorized into four groups: both parents with lower education (LM-LF), mothers with higher education and fathers with lower education (HM-LF), mothers with lower education and fathers with higher education (LM-HF), and both parents with higher education (HM-HF). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between parental education and overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the participants, 17.9%, 16.9%, 16.2% and 15.4% were overweight/obese; and 5.5%, 4.6%, 4.4% and 3.8% were obese in LM-LF, HM-LF, LM-HF and HM-HF groups, respectively. When the reference group was defined as children born to parents with HM-HF, the adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity in LM-LF, HM-LF and LM-HF were 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.06–1.21), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95–1.12); and those for obesity were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.20–1.50), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.96–1.28), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower educational status in both parents was associated with overweight/obesity among 4-year-old children in Japan. Public policies might target parents with lower education to prevent childhood obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Álvaro Torres-Martos, Francisco Requena, Guadalupe López-Rodríguez, Jhazmin Hernández-Cabrera, Marcos Galván, Elizabeth Solís-Pérez, Susana Romo-Tello, José Luis Jasso-Medrano, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Gloria Martínez-Andrade, María Elena Acosta Enríquez, Juan Carlos Aristizabal, Alberto Ramírez-Mena, Nikos Stratakis, Mireia Bustos-Aibar, Ángel Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno, Rosaura Leis, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Concepción María Aguilera, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
Objective
To introduce ObMetrics, a free and user-friendly Shiny app that simplifies the calculation, data analysis, and interpretation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) outcomes according to multiple definitions in epidemiological studies of paediatric populations. We illustrate its usefulness using ethnically different populations in a comparative study of prevalence across cohorts and definitions.
Methods
We conducted a case study using data from two ethnically diverse paediatric populations: a Hispanic-American cohort (N = 1759) and a Hispanic-European cohort (N = 2411). Using ObMetrics, we computed MetS classifications (Cook, Zimmet, Ahrens) and component-specific z-scores for each participant to compare prevalences.
Results
The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in MetS prevalence across different definitions and cohorts. According to Cook, Zimmet, and Ahrens's definitions, MetS prevalence in children with obesity was 25%, 12%, and 48%, respectively, in the Hispanic-European cohort, and 38%, 27%, and 66% in the Hispanic-American cohort. Calculating component-specific z-scores in each cohort also highlighted ethnic-specific differences in lipid metabolism and blood pressure. By automating these complex calculations, ObMetrics considerably reduced analysis time and minimised the potential for errors.
Conclusion
ObMetrics proved to be a powerful tool for paediatric research, generating detailed reports on the prevalence of MetS and its components based on various definitions and reference standards. Our case study further provides valuable insights into the challenges of characterising metabolic health in paediatric populations. Future efforts should focus on developing unified consensus guidelines for paediatric MetS. Meanwhile, ObMetrics enables earlier identification and targeted intervention for high-risk children and adolescents.
{"title":"ObMetrics: A Shiny app to assist in metabolic syndrome assessment in paediatric obesity","authors":"Álvaro Torres-Martos, Francisco Requena, Guadalupe López-Rodríguez, Jhazmin Hernández-Cabrera, Marcos Galván, Elizabeth Solís-Pérez, Susana Romo-Tello, José Luis Jasso-Medrano, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Gloria Martínez-Andrade, María Elena Acosta Enríquez, Juan Carlos Aristizabal, Alberto Ramírez-Mena, Nikos Stratakis, Mireia Bustos-Aibar, Ángel Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno, Rosaura Leis, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Concepción María Aguilera, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To introduce ObMetrics, a free and user-friendly Shiny app that simplifies the calculation, data analysis, and interpretation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) outcomes according to multiple definitions in epidemiological studies of paediatric populations. We illustrate its usefulness using ethnically different populations in a comparative study of prevalence across cohorts and definitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a case study using data from two ethnically diverse paediatric populations: a Hispanic-American cohort (<i>N</i> = 1759) and a Hispanic-European cohort (<i>N</i> = 2411). Using ObMetrics, we computed MetS classifications (Cook, Zimmet, Ahrens) and component-specific <i>z</i>-scores for each participant to compare prevalences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in MetS prevalence across different definitions and cohorts. According to Cook, Zimmet, and Ahrens's definitions, MetS prevalence in children with obesity was 25%, 12%, and 48%, respectively, in the Hispanic-European cohort, and 38%, 27%, and 66% in the Hispanic-American cohort. Calculating component-specific <i>z</i>-scores in each cohort also highlighted ethnic-specific differences in lipid metabolism and blood pressure. By automating these complex calculations, ObMetrics considerably reduced analysis time and minimised the potential for errors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ObMetrics proved to be a powerful tool for paediatric research, generating detailed reports on the prevalence of MetS and its components based on various definitions and reference standards. Our case study further provides valuable insights into the challenges of characterising metabolic health in paediatric populations. Future efforts should focus on developing unified consensus guidelines for paediatric MetS. Meanwhile, ObMetrics enables earlier identification and targeted intervention for high-risk children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeran Lee, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert
Introduction
We investigated associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth to adolescence with insulin resistance in late adolescence using data from Project Viva prospective birth cohort (Eastern Massachusetts, 1999-2002).
Methods
We conducted multivariable linear regression models between adiponectin (internal z-scores) at birth, early childhood, mid-childhood, early and late adolescence and insulin resistance in late adolescence with the homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Results
In 468 children (52% female, 59% Non–Hispanic White), we observed inverse associations of adiponectin z-scores in mid–childhood (–0.16, 95% CI: –0.33, 0.01), early adolescence (–0.19, 95% CI: –0.37, –0.01) and late adolescence (–0.40, 95% CI: –0.57, –0.23) with HOMA-IR in late adolescence; these associations were attenuated after accounting for BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, we observed these associations in males, while estimates were more modest in females.
Conclusion
Overall, starting in mid-childhood, lower adiponectin concentrations were linked with higher insulin resistance in late adolescence, with associations apparent mostly in males.
{"title":"Associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth until late adolescence with insulin resistance","authors":"Yeran Lee, Soren Harnois-Leblanc, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated associations of adiponectin concentrations from birth to adolescence with insulin resistance in late adolescence using data from Project Viva prospective birth cohort (Eastern Massachusetts, 1999-2002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted multivariable linear regression models between adiponectin (internal z-scores) at birth, early childhood, mid-childhood, early and late adolescence and insulin resistance in late adolescence with the homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 468 children (52% female, 59% Non–Hispanic White), we observed inverse associations of adiponectin z-scores in mid–childhood (–0.16, 95% CI: –0.33, 0.01), early adolescence (–0.19, 95% CI: –0.37, –0.01) and late adolescence (–0.40, 95% CI: –0.57, –0.23) with HOMA-IR in late adolescence; these associations were attenuated after accounting for BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, we observed these associations in males, while estimates were more modest in females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, starting in mid-childhood, lower adiponectin concentrations were linked with higher insulin resistance in late adolescence, with associations apparent mostly in males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia Larruy-García, María L Miguel-Berges, Isabel Rueda-De Torre, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Rosaura Leis, Nancy Babio, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Dolores Corella, Alejandra Pérez, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Picáns-Leis, Jesús Garcia-Gavilán, Paloma Flores-Barrante, J. Alfredo Martínez, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Indira Paz-Graniel, Alelí M. Ayala-Marín, José Manuel Jurado-Castro, María José de la Torre-Aguilar, Irina Gheorghita, Luis A. Moreno, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, the CORAL Study group
Background
Overweight and obesity in children are rising globally, and the Mediterranean diet may help reduce obesity and related diseases.
Objective
To assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Spanish preschool children.
Methods
This study included 1218 children aged 3–6 years from the CORALS cohort. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using the validated MED4CHILD and COME-Kids F&B-FQ questionnaires. Body composition measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR). Multivariate regression and ANCOVA were used to examine associations, adjusting for factors like age, physical activity, and energy intake. We also performed a Cohen's d analysis to assess effect size.
Results
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favourable body composition in children. Specifically, both the MED4CHILD score and the COME-Kids-derived score showed significant associations with BMI, FFMI, and Waist-to-Height ratio, showing differences by sex. Children who adhered to the Mediterranean diet exhibited lower BMI and higher fat-free mass, and a more favourable waist-to-height ratio. Additionally, although some measures showed weaker associations, all analyses highlighted a trend towards improved body composition with higher adherence. Cohen's d analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes.
Conclusion
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly linked to favorable body composition indices in Spanish children, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns to prevent overweight and obesity.
{"title":"Cross-sectional associations between Mediterranean diet and body composition in preschool children. CORAL study","authors":"Alicia Larruy-García, María L Miguel-Berges, Isabel Rueda-De Torre, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Rosaura Leis, Nancy Babio, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Dolores Corella, Alejandra Pérez, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Picáns-Leis, Jesús Garcia-Gavilán, Paloma Flores-Barrante, J. Alfredo Martínez, Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Indira Paz-Graniel, Alelí M. Ayala-Marín, José Manuel Jurado-Castro, María José de la Torre-Aguilar, Irina Gheorghita, Luis A. Moreno, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, the CORAL Study group","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overweight and obesity in children are rising globally, and the Mediterranean diet may help reduce obesity and related diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Spanish preschool children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 1218 children aged 3–6 years from the CORALS cohort. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using the validated MED4CHILD and COME-Kids F&B-FQ questionnaires. Body composition measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR). Multivariate regression and ANCOVA were used to examine associations, adjusting for factors like age, physical activity, and energy intake. We also performed a Cohen's d analysis to assess effect size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favourable body composition in children. Specifically, both the MED4CHILD score and the COME-Kids-derived score showed significant associations with BMI, FFMI, and Waist-to-Height ratio, showing differences by sex. Children who adhered to the Mediterranean diet exhibited lower BMI and higher fat-free mass, and a more favourable waist-to-height ratio. Additionally, although some measures showed weaker associations, all analyses highlighted a trend towards improved body composition with higher adherence. Cohen's d analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly linked to favorable body composition indices in Spanish children, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns to prevent overweight and obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
Background
Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.
Objective
To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5–12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
Results
OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = −0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = −0.33), carbohydrate (r = −0.35), and lipid (r = −0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
Conclusion
Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
背景：时间营养可能影响儿童心脏代谢健康。了解这种关系可能对控制儿童肥胖至关重要。目的：探讨青春期前儿童时间营养与心脏代谢危险因素的关系。方法：本横断面研究纳入93名参与者（50名男性，5-12岁），分为健康体重（HW, n = 34）、超重（OV, n = 10）、肥胖（OB, n = 23）和严重肥胖（SOB, n = 26）。24小时饮食回顾评估了参与者的热量和能量底物摄入量，分析了早上（直到上午11点）、下午（上午11点至下午6点）、晚上（下午6点01分之后）和每天的总摄入量。通过空腹血糖、胰岛素血症、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）、腹部脂肪（AF）和颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（CIMT）的超声分析来评估心脏代谢风险。结论：青春期前儿童上午和下午碳水化合物摄入量增加，下午热量和脂质摄入量增加，下午和晚上蛋白质摄入量减少与较好的健康状况相关，包括心脏代谢危险因素的改善。
{"title":"Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight","authors":"Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5–12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, <i>n</i> = 34), overweight (OV, <i>n</i> = 10), obese (OB, <i>n</i> = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, <i>n</i> = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05; <i>r</i> = −0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (<i>r</i> = −0.33), carbohydrate (<i>r</i> = −0.35), and lipid (<i>r</i> = −0.23) intake were inversely associated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (<i>r</i> = −0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI <i>Z</i>-Score (<i>r</i> = 0.25) and glycemia (<i>r</i> = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with BMI <i>Z</i>-Score (<i>r</i> = 0.24), insulinemia (<i>r</i> = 0.24), HOMA-IR (<i>r</i> = 0.27), TG (<i>r</i> = 0.25), AF (<i>r</i> = 0.25), and CIMT (<i>r</i> = 0.27).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Dolores Salas-González, Viviana Loria-Kohen, Aránzazu Aparicio, Laura M. Bermejo, Esther Cuadrado-Soto, Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, África Peral-Suárez, Adrián Cervera-Muñoz, Rosa M. Ortega, Ana M. López-Sobaler
Introduction
Some studies suggest that meal timing is involved in obesity and metabolic health. However, little is known about children, so the aim was to assess whether meal timing patterns affect nutritional status and diet quality in children.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 880 children (8–13 years). Participants were classified according to the median timing of their first meal, last meal and the length of their eating window (12 h). Adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate associations between first meal timing, last meal timing or eating window and anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables.
Results
A later last meal was associated with lower scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and DASH diet [β (95% CI): −1.139 (−2.258; −0.021), −0.207 (−0.408; −0.007) and − 0.582 (−1.072; −0.092), respectively]. A longer eating window was associated with higher glucose levels, LDL-c, and the ratio LDL-c/HDL-c [β (95% CI): 3.204 (1.876; 4.532), 4.725 (1.109; 8.342), and 0.090 (0.014; 0.166), respectively].
Conclusion
Later meal timing and a prolonged eating window were linked to poorer diet quality and unfavourable metabolic markers. It may be relevant to consider meal timing as a preventive health strategy in the development of future dietary guidelines.
{"title":"Meal timing, nutritional status and diet quality in a group of Spanish children","authors":"María Dolores Salas-González, Viviana Loria-Kohen, Aránzazu Aparicio, Laura M. Bermejo, Esther Cuadrado-Soto, Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, África Peral-Suárez, Adrián Cervera-Muñoz, Rosa M. Ortega, Ana M. López-Sobaler","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some studies suggest that meal timing is involved in obesity and metabolic health. However, little is known about children, so the aim was to assess whether meal timing patterns affect nutritional status and diet quality in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 880 children (8–13 years). Participants were classified according to the median timing of their first meal, last meal and the length of their eating window (12 h). Adjusted linear regression was used to evaluate associations between first meal timing, last meal timing or eating window and anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A later last meal was associated with lower scores on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and DASH diet [<i>β</i> (95% CI): −1.139 (−2.258; −0.021), −0.207 (−0.408; −0.007) and − 0.582 (−1.072; −0.092), respectively]. A longer eating window was associated with higher glucose levels, LDL-c, and the ratio LDL-c/HDL-c [<i>β</i> (95% CI): 3.204 (1.876; 4.532), 4.725 (1.109; 8.342), and 0.090 (0.014; 0.166), respectively].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Later meal timing and a prolonged eating window were linked to poorer diet quality and unfavourable metabolic markers. It may be relevant to consider meal timing as a preventive health strategy in the development of future dietary guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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