Jonatan Ottino González, Miguel Angel Rivas Fernández, Sevan Esaian, Michael I. Goran, Shana Adise
Background
The association between breastfeeding and adolescent obesity remains unclear because most previous studies included youth with obesity. We explored these associations from ages 9 to 12 amongst initially healthy weight youth.
Methods
The analytic sample included 4161 youth (10 586 observations across three assessments; all healthy weight at baseline; 50.7% female; 52% breastfed more than 6 months) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Linear mixed-effects models examined breastfeeding × age × sex and breastfeeding × puberty × sex interactions on BMI trajectories (kg/m2). Logistic regression estimated the risk of unhealthy weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) by ages 11–12. All analyses were stratified by sex.
Results
Three-way interactions were not significant. Significant breastfeeding × age interactions (β = −0.005, p < 0.001) indicated that breastfed youth exhibited lower BMI trajectories, particularly when breastfed for more than 6 months (β = −0.006, p < 0.001). Significant breastfeeding × puberty interactions showed lower BMI trajectories across pubertal stages amongst breastfed youth (β = −0.06, p = 0.017), observed only in boys and especially in those breastfed beyond 6 months (β = −0.11, p = 0.005). Breastfeeding was associated with a reduced unhealthy weight risk at ages 11–12 (RR = 0.78, p = 0.002), exclusively in boys and amongst those breastfed more than 6 months (RR = 0.52, p < 0.001). No associations were found in girls.
Conclusion
Amongst initially healthy weight youth, breastfeeding, especially beyond 6 months, was associated with healthier BMI trajectories and lower unhealthy weight risk in boys. Although these sex-specific patterns warrant further research, our findings suggest that the associations between breastfeeding and body weight development extend into adolescence.
{"title":"Longer Breastfeeding Is Associated With Healthier Body Mass Index Trajectories and Lower Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Youth Aged 9–12 Years","authors":"Jonatan Ottino González, Miguel Angel Rivas Fernández, Sevan Esaian, Michael I. Goran, Shana Adise","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between breastfeeding and adolescent obesity remains unclear because most previous studies included youth with obesity. We explored these associations from ages 9 to 12 amongst initially healthy weight youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analytic sample included 4161 youth (10 586 observations across three assessments; all healthy weight at baseline; 50.7% female; 52% breastfed more than 6 months) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Linear mixed-effects models examined breastfeeding × age × sex and breastfeeding × puberty × sex interactions on BMI trajectories (kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Logistic regression estimated the risk of unhealthy weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) by ages 11–12. All analyses were stratified by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three-way interactions were not significant. Significant breastfeeding × age interactions (<i>β</i> = −0.005, <i>p</i> < 0.001) indicated that breastfed youth exhibited lower BMI trajectories, particularly when breastfed for more than 6 months (<i>β</i> = −0.006, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant breastfeeding × puberty interactions showed lower BMI trajectories across pubertal stages amongst breastfed youth (<i>β</i> = −0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.017), observed only in boys and especially in those breastfed beyond 6 months (<i>β</i> = −0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Breastfeeding was associated with a reduced unhealthy weight risk at ages 11–12 (RR = 0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.002), exclusively in boys and amongst those breastfed more than 6 months (RR = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No associations were found in girls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amongst initially healthy weight youth, breastfeeding, especially beyond 6 months, was associated with healthier BMI trajectories and lower unhealthy weight risk in boys. Although these sex-specific patterns warrant further research, our findings suggest that the associations between breastfeeding and body weight development extend into adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12779591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Ghamdi, H. Moore, J. Siroux, et al., “The Appetitive Responses to a Meal Are Not Affected by Its Carbohydrate Content in Adolescents With Obesity: A Pilot Study,” Pediatric Obesity 21, no. 1 (2026): e70077, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70077.
In the author list, the first names and family names of the authors were inadvertently reversed. The correct author list is provided below:
‘Zainab Ghamdi, Halim Moore, Julie Siroux, Duane Beraud, Shaea Alkahtani, Abdullah F. Alghannam, Bruno Pereira, Julie Masurier, Graham Finlayson, Valérie Julian, Laurie Isacco, David Thivel’
The online version of the article has also been updated.
We apologise for this error.
Z. Ghamdi， H. Moore， J. Siroux等，“肥胖青少年对一餐的食欲反应不受其碳水化合物含量的影响：一项初步研究”，《儿童肥胖》21期，第2期。1 (2026): e70077, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70077.In作者名单中，作者的名字和姓氏被无意中颠倒了。正确的作者名单如下：“Zainab Ghamdi, Halim Moore, Julie Siroux, Duane Beraud, Shaea Alkahtani, Abdullah F. Alghannam, Bruno Pereira, Julie Masurier, Graham Finlayson, valsamrie Julian, Laurie Isacco, David Thivel”文章的在线版本也已更新。我们为这个错误道歉。
{"title":"Correction to ‘The Appetitive Responses to a Meal Are Not Affected by Its Carbohydrate Content in Adolescents With Obesity: A Pilot Study’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Z. Ghamdi, H. Moore, J. Siroux, et al., “The Appetitive Responses to a Meal Are Not Affected by Its Carbohydrate Content in Adolescents With Obesity: A Pilot Study,” <i>Pediatric Obesity</i> 21, no. 1 (2026): e70077, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70077.</p><p>In the author list, the first names and family names of the authors were inadvertently reversed. The correct author list is provided below:</p><p>‘Zainab Ghamdi, Halim Moore, Julie Siroux, Duane Beraud, Shaea Alkahtani, Abdullah F. Alghannam, Bruno Pereira, Julie Masurier, Graham Finlayson, Valérie Julian, Laurie Isacco, David Thivel’</p><p>The online version of the article has also been updated.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rising sedentary behaviour and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods have increased the risk and earlier onset of obesity in children.
Objectives
To define controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) cut-off values in healthy children, assess the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children with overweight and obesity, and establish an appropriate starting age for MASLD screening in our population.
Methods
Healthy primary school children were recruited. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using CAP, and body composition data were collected during two periods: August 2020–March 2021 and February 2023–May 2024.
Results
Of 1653 participants (mean age 9.5 ± 1.7 years), 976 children with normal weight were used to establish reference intervals. Hepatic steatosis was defined as a CAP above 247 dB/m (97.5th percentile). The prevalences of MASLD in children with overweight and obesity were 0% and 16%, respectively, in school grade 1, which increased to 19% and 75% in school grade 6 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Screening for hepatic steatosis associated with obesity should begin as early as school grade 1, while screening for children with overweight may be more appropriate by school grade 6. These findings emphasise the need for age- and weight-specific screening strategies for children with overweight and obesity.
{"title":"Starting Age for Screening Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Children Using Controlled Attenuation Parameter on Transient Elastography","authors":"Li-Wen Lee, Jrhau Lung, Ju-Bei Yen, Chao-Yu Chen, Yu-San Liao","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising sedentary behaviour and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods have increased the risk and earlier onset of obesity in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To define controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) cut-off values in healthy children, assess the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children with overweight and obesity, and establish an appropriate starting age for MASLD screening in our population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy primary school children were recruited. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using CAP, and body composition data were collected during two periods: August 2020–March 2021 and February 2023–May 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 1653 participants (mean age 9.5 ± 1.7 years), 976 children with normal weight were used to establish reference intervals. Hepatic steatosis was defined as a CAP above 247 dB/m (97.5th percentile). The prevalences of MASLD in children with overweight and obesity were 0% and 16%, respectively, in school grade 1, which increased to 19% and 75% in school grade 6 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening for hepatic steatosis associated with obesity should begin as early as school grade 1, while screening for children with overweight may be more appropriate by school grade 6. These findings emphasise the need for age- and weight-specific screening strategies for children with overweight and obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Thivel, Duane Beraud, Julie Siroux, Halim Moore, Camille Marcantei, Baptiste Tarrit, Graham Finlayson, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Masashi Miyashita, Valérie Julian, Martine Duclos, Yves Boirie, Bruno Pereira, Laurie Isacco
Background
While acute exercise has been shown to alter subsequent energy intake in adolescents with obesity, the role of the exercise-induced energy expenditure and substrate oxidation remains unknown. The present study investigates the effect of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates during an acute walking exercise on subsequent appetitive responses in adolescents with obesity.
Methods
Body composition and maximal aerobic capacities were assessed in 25 adolescents [8 males, 12–16 years] with obesity. They then realized a control condition without exercise [CON] and an exercise session [EX, 40-min walking at 4 km h−1] in a randomized order. Energy expenditure and substrate use were assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Subsequent ad libitum energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward were assessed.
Results
Post-exercise energy intake was reduced on EX compared with CON [1083 ± 253 vs. 950 ± 226 kcal; p = 0.041], with reduced absolute protein intake [p = 0.011]. None of the appetite sensations differed between conditions. Pre-lunch explicit liking for fat decreased on EX compared with CON [p = 0.045], the implicit and explicit wanting for fat [p = 0.047 and p = 0.025 respectively] and explicit wanting for taste [p = 0.012] decreased from pre to post lunch after exercise. Energy Expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise were not associated with subsequent appetitive measurements.
Conclusion
Exercise-induced energy expenditure and substrate might not be associated with the short-term control of appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity, which remains to be confirmed by further studies evaluating the effect of various exercises inducing specific predominant fuel sources.
{"title":"Acute Exercise-Induced Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation Rates Might Not Be Associated With Subsequent Appetitive Responses in Adolescents Living With Obesity","authors":"David Thivel, Duane Beraud, Julie Siroux, Halim Moore, Camille Marcantei, Baptiste Tarrit, Graham Finlayson, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Masashi Miyashita, Valérie Julian, Martine Duclos, Yves Boirie, Bruno Pereira, Laurie Isacco","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While acute exercise has been shown to alter subsequent energy intake in adolescents with obesity, the role of the exercise-induced energy expenditure and substrate oxidation remains unknown. The present study investigates the effect of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates during an acute walking exercise on subsequent appetitive responses in adolescents with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body composition and maximal aerobic capacities were assessed in 25 adolescents [8 males, 12–16 years] with obesity. They then realized a control condition without exercise [CON] and an exercise session [EX, 40-min walking at 4 km h<sup>−1</sup>] in a randomized order. Energy expenditure and substrate use were assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Subsequent ad libitum energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-exercise energy intake was reduced on EX compared with CON [1083 ± 253 vs. 950 ± 226 kcal; <i>p</i> = 0.041], with reduced absolute protein intake [<i>p</i> = 0.011]. None of the appetite sensations differed between conditions. Pre-lunch explicit liking for fat decreased on EX compared with CON [<i>p</i> = 0.045], the implicit and explicit wanting for fat [<i>p</i> = 0.047 and <i>p</i> = 0.025 respectively] and explicit wanting for taste [<i>p</i> = 0.012] decreased from pre to post lunch after exercise. Energy Expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise were not associated with subsequent appetitive measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exercise-induced energy expenditure and substrate might not be associated with the short-term control of appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity, which remains to be confirmed by further studies evaluating the effect of various exercises inducing specific predominant fuel sources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145739838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie B. Lister, Rabia Khalid, Isabelle R. Jardine, Samantha Pryde, Hannah Melville, Anna L. Seidler, Kylie E. Hunter, Amy L. Ahern, Louise A. Baur, Caroline Braet, Sarah P. Garnett, Andrew J. Hill, Sarah Maguire, Dasha Nicholls, Susan J. Paxton, Milan K. Piya, Amanda Sainsbury, Katharine Steinbeck, Denise E. Wilfley, Kelly Cooper, Genevieve Dammery, Alicia M. Grunseit, Faith Anne N. Heeren, Rebecca A. Jones, Theodore K. Kyle, Fiona Quigley, Molly Robbins, Jacqlyn Yourell, Melanie K. Bean, Maxine P. Bonham, Kerri N. Boutelle, Michelle I. Cardel, Katherine E. Darling, Aimee L. Dordevic, Dawn M. Eichen, Leonard H. Epstein, Andrea B. Goldschmidt, Elissa Jelalian, Mara Cristina Lofrano-Prado, Tiffany Naets, Wagner L. Prado, Hanna F. Skjåkødegård, Yngvild Sørebø Danielsen, Richard I. Stein, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Annelies Van Eyck, Alaina P. Vidmar, Jack A. Yanovski, Brittany J. Johnson, Hiba Jebeile, the EDIT Collaboration
Objective
To understand delivery features and intervention strategies of adolescent weight management interventions which may influence eating disorder risk.
Methods
Systematic searches in four databases and two trial registries to identify randomised controlled trials in adolescents with overweight/obesity measuring eating disorder risk pre- and post-intervention. Delivery features and intervention strategies were coded from published descriptions using a project-specific codebook, validated by trial investigators and narratively synthesised.
Results
Of 11 860 records screened, 23 trials, with 54 intervention arms, were included in the analysis. Most interventions focused on weight loss and maintenance (54%) and were informed by a cognitive behavioural framework (43%). Interventions commonly targeted an individual with a support person (70%). Median intervention duration was 26 weeks, with weekly (35%) or staged (e.g., weekly, then monthly) visit (41%) frequency. Interventions had a mean (SD) of 30 (16.1) intervention strategies. Most included healthy eating education (89%), physical activity education (89%) and problem-solving barriers to dietary change (80%). Few included mental health strategies (17%). Interventions included ‘dietary prescription’ (65%), and 78% promoted ‘healthful/helpful eating behaviours’.
Conclusion
Weight management interventions are complex and vary in delivery approach and strategies used to change behaviors. Characterising interventions is a critical first step to understanding how weight management interventions' influence eating disorder risk.
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Claire Singleton, Danqi Zhuang, Kimberley Kavanagh, Kathyrn V. Dalrymple, Angela C. Flynn, Lucilla Poston, Claire L. Meek, Sara L. White
Background
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased future obesity risk in affected mothers and children.
Objective
We assessed if dietary behaviours learnt during a GDM pregnancy positively impact maternal and child health 3 years postpartum.
Method
In a secondary analysis, we included women with obesity recruited to the UPBEAT randomised controlled trial with 3-year follow-up postnatally (n = 441). Maternal and offspring anthropometry and dietary data were recorded antenatally and at follow-up. Data were assessed using linear/logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.
Results
Women with GDM (22%) had higher BMI (median 35.6 vs. 34.2 kg/m2; p = 0.049) and energy intake (1738.2 vs. 1551.6 kcal/day; p = 0.005) at ~16 weeks' gestation compared to unaffected women, but lower gestational weight gain (4.5 kg vs. 6.6 kg; p < 0.001). However, at 3 years postpartum BMI was similar between groups (35.8 vs. 35.2 kg/m2; p > 0.5). GDM-exposed infants had a higher birthweight (55.4 vs. 45.9th centile; p = 0.008) than unexposed infants and at 3 years of age were more likely to be overweight/obese (International Obesity Task Force, IOTF, standards; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.38, 3.91) but with similar skinfold thicknesses and dietary patterns.
Conclusion
Women with GDM demonstrated reduced gestational weight gain, and despite a higher BMI than women without GDM in early pregnancy, this difference was not evident at 3 years postpartum. However, while maternal and offspring dietary behaviours were comparable between groups, exposed offspring were at increased risk of overweight/obesity at 3 years of age.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）与受影响的母亲和儿童未来肥胖风险增加有关。目的评估妊娠期GDM患者饮食行为对产后3年母婴健康的积极影响。方法在二次分析中，我们将肥胖妇女纳入了乐观随机对照试验，产后随访3年（n = 441）。在产前和随访时记录母体和后代的人体测量和饮食数据。使用线性/逻辑回归评估数据，调整混杂因素。结果：妊娠16周时，GDM患者（22%）的BMI（中位数35.6 vs 34.2 kg/m2, p = 0.049）和能量摄入（1738.2 vs 1551.6 kcal/day, p = 0.005）高于未受影响的女性，但妊娠体重增加较低（4.5 kg vs 6.6 kg, p < 0.001）。然而，在产后3年，两组之间的BMI相似（35.8 vs. 35.2 kg/m2; p > 0.5）。gdm暴露的婴儿比未暴露的婴儿出生体重更高（55.4比45.9,p = 0.008），并且在3岁时更容易超重/肥胖（国际肥胖工作组，IOTF，标准；OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.38, 3.91），但皮肤折叠厚度和饮食模式相似。结论GDM妇女妊娠期体重增加减少，尽管妊娠早期BMI高于非GDM妇女，但产后3年差异不明显。然而，虽然两组之间的母亲和后代的饮食行为是相似的，但暴露的后代在3岁时超重/肥胖的风险增加。
{"title":"Beyond Gestational Diabetes: Maternal and Offspring Health and Lifestyle 3 Years Postnatally in a Secondary Analysis of the UPBEAT Trial Cohort","authors":"Claire Singleton, Danqi Zhuang, Kimberley Kavanagh, Kathyrn V. Dalrymple, Angela C. Flynn, Lucilla Poston, Claire L. Meek, Sara L. White","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased future obesity risk in affected mothers and children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed if dietary behaviours learnt during a GDM pregnancy positively impact maternal and child health 3 years postpartum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a secondary analysis, we included women with obesity recruited to the UPBEAT randomised controlled trial with 3-year follow-up postnatally (<i>n</i> = 441). Maternal and offspring anthropometry and dietary data were recorded antenatally and at follow-up. Data were assessed using linear/logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women with GDM (22%) had higher BMI (median 35.6 vs. 34.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.049) and energy intake (1738.2 vs. 1551.6 kcal/day; <i>p</i> = 0.005) at ~16 weeks' gestation compared to unaffected women, but lower gestational weight gain (4.5 kg vs. 6.6 kg; <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, at 3 years postpartum BMI was similar between groups (35.8 vs. 35.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> > 0.5). GDM-exposed infants had a higher birthweight (55.4 vs. 45.9th centile; <i>p</i> = 0.008) than unexposed infants and at 3 years of age were more likely to be overweight/obese (International Obesity Task Force, IOTF, standards; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.38, 3.91) but with similar skinfold thicknesses and dietary patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women with GDM demonstrated reduced gestational weight gain, and despite a higher BMI than women without GDM in early pregnancy, this difference was not evident at 3 years postpartum. However, while maternal and offspring dietary behaviours were comparable between groups, exposed offspring were at increased risk of overweight/obesity at 3 years of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luana S. Blaudt, Taís de S. Lopes, Amanda de M. Souza, Geisa Gabriela B. Rodrigues, Iuna A. Alves, Rosangela A. Pereira
Background
Diet may influence the subclinical inflammatory responses related to metabolic disorders.
Objective
To identify a dietary pattern associated with inflammatory biomarkers and to evaluate its association with metabolic, clinical and anthropometric indicators in Brazilian adolescents.
Methods
Data from Brazilian adolescents aged 12–17 years participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA, 2013–2014) were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. A dietary pattern was derived using the Partial Least Squares regression in a subset (n = 3703) with C-reactive protein and adiponectin as intermediate variables and retaining food groups with factor loadings ≥ |0.15|. Associations between the pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and anthropometric indicators and metabolic biomarkers were examined in a subsample of adolescents (n = 36 956) using crude and adjusted multiple linear regression models.
Results
The pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was characterised by positive loadings for soft drinks, cakes, cheese, fats, pasta, snacks, sweets and bread, and with negative loadings for rice, milk-based dishes, poultry, fish and beans. The mean inflammatory dietary pattern score was 0.05 overall, and higher for girls (0.08) than boys (0.03). Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between the pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and increased BMI (β = 0.07 kg/m2), fasting blood glucose (β = 0.20 mg/dL) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.03), after adjusting for sex, age, school type, diet report quality and daily energy intake.
Conclusions
Among Brazilian adolescents, a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was associated with higher body weight, fasting glucose and insulin resistance.
{"title":"Inflammatory Dietary Pattern Associated With Metabolic Biomarkers, Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Indicators in Brazilian Adolescents","authors":"Luana S. Blaudt, Taís de S. Lopes, Amanda de M. Souza, Geisa Gabriela B. Rodrigues, Iuna A. Alves, Rosangela A. Pereira","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diet may influence the subclinical inflammatory responses related to metabolic disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify a dietary pattern associated with inflammatory biomarkers and to evaluate its association with metabolic, clinical and anthropometric indicators in Brazilian adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from Brazilian adolescents aged 12–17 years participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA, 2013–2014) were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. A dietary pattern was derived using the Partial Least Squares regression in a subset (<i>n</i> = 3703) with C-reactive protein and adiponectin as intermediate variables and retaining food groups with factor loadings ≥ |0.15|. Associations between the pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and anthropometric indicators and metabolic biomarkers were examined in a subsample of adolescents (<i>n</i> = 36 956) using crude and adjusted multiple linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was characterised by positive loadings for soft drinks, cakes, cheese, fats, pasta, snacks, sweets and bread, and with negative loadings for rice, milk-based dishes, poultry, fish and beans. The mean inflammatory dietary pattern score was 0.05 overall, and higher for girls (0.08) than boys (0.03). Significant associations (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found between the pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and increased BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.07 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), fasting blood glucose (<i>β</i> = 0.20 mg/dL) and HOMA-IR (<i>β</i> = 0.03), after adjusting for sex, age, school type, diet report quality and daily energy intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among Brazilian adolescents, a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was associated with higher body weight, fasting glucose and insulin resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghamdi Zainab, Moore Halim, Siroux Julie, Beraud Duane, Shaea Alkahtani, Abdullah F. Alghannam, Pereira Bruno, Masurier Julie, Finlayson Graham, Julian Valérie, Isacco Laurie, Thivel David
Background
Low-carbohydrate (CHO) or ketogenic diets have been proposed as alternative interventions to caloric restriction to address the childhood obesity epidemic. However, empirical support for this dietary strategy has remained inconclusive in youth. The objective was to test the hypothesis that consumption of a meal lower in the proportion of CHO relative to fat acutely elicits greater satiety, and lower preference for sweet and high-fat foods and energy intake at the subsequent meal in adolescents with obesity.
Methods
In a randomised crossover trial, 15 adolescents with obesity (7 females; 13.2 ± 1.8 years) consumed 3 isocaloric lunch meals on 3 different occasions: (i) moderate (52%), (ii) low (24%) or (iii) very low (7%) in CHO with commensurately adjusted fat content and matched for protein. Adolescents rated their appetite sensations at regular intervals throughout each test day (visual analogue scales). Food reward was recorded before and after the lunch meal, and prior to an ad libitum dinner (French version of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire [LFPQ-fr]), from which energy and macronutrient intake was quantified.
Results
No significant differences in energy or macronutrient intake at dinner or daily appetite sensations were found between conditions. Similarly, the proportions of CHO and fat had no effect on liking or wanting for high-fat or sweet foods. Rather, choice frequency for sweet foods appeared to increase after consumption of each meal (p = 0.048).
Conclusion
In the context of isocaloric meals, lowering the CHO content with a commensurate increase in fat, does not significantly alter satiety, food reward or subsequent energy intake during a test meal in adolescents with obesity.
{"title":"The Appetitive Responses to a Meal Are Not Affected by Its Carbohydrate Content in Adolescents With Obesity: A Pilot Study","authors":"Ghamdi Zainab, Moore Halim, Siroux Julie, Beraud Duane, Shaea Alkahtani, Abdullah F. Alghannam, Pereira Bruno, Masurier Julie, Finlayson Graham, Julian Valérie, Isacco Laurie, Thivel David","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low-carbohydrate (CHO) or ketogenic diets have been proposed as alternative interventions to caloric restriction to address the childhood obesity epidemic. However, empirical support for this dietary strategy has remained inconclusive in youth. The objective was to test the hypothesis that consumption of a meal lower in the proportion of CHO relative to fat acutely elicits greater satiety, and lower preference for sweet and high-fat foods and energy intake at the subsequent meal in adolescents with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a randomised crossover trial, 15 adolescents with obesity (7 females; 13.2 ± 1.8 years) consumed 3 isocaloric lunch meals on 3 different occasions: (i) moderate (52%), (ii) low (24%) or (iii) very low (7%) in CHO with commensurately adjusted fat content and matched for protein. Adolescents rated their appetite sensations at regular intervals throughout each test day (visual analogue scales). Food reward was recorded before and after the lunch meal, and prior to an ad libitum dinner (French version of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire [LFPQ-fr]), from which energy and macronutrient intake was quantified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant differences in energy or macronutrient intake at dinner or daily appetite sensations were found between conditions. Similarly, the proportions of CHO and fat had no effect on liking or wanting for high-fat or sweet foods. Rather, choice frequency for sweet foods appeared to increase after consumption of each meal (<i>p</i> = 0.048).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the context of isocaloric meals, lowering the CHO content with a commensurate increase in fat, does not significantly alter satiety, food reward or subsequent energy intake during a test meal in adolescents with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian adults develop metabolic complications at lower body mass indices (BMIs) compared with other ethnic groups, leading to lower BMI cutoffs for overweight and obesity. However, it remains unclear whether such adjustments are warranted in Asian children and adolescents. We aimed to determine whether lower BMI percentile cutoffs should be considered for overweight and obesity among Asian children and adolescents in the United States.
Methods
We analysed nationally representative data from U.S. children and adolescents from NHANES, 2012–2020. Metabolic parameters—including truncal fat percentage, glycemic markers, lipid profiles and liver disease markers—were compared between Asian and non-Asian participants within the 85–95th percentile and ≥ 95th percentile ranges. Metabolic parameter-based matching analyses identified corresponding BMI percentiles between groups.
Results
Asian children had more pronounced metabolic abnormalities than non-Asians in the overweight and obesity groups. After matching for metabolic parameters, Asians had the same levels of metabolic dysfunction at lower BMI percentiles than non-Asians, with averaged differences of approximately 3–9 BMI percentiles across various BMI percentile ranges.
Conclusions
Asian children and adolescents experience elevated metabolic risks at currently defined BMI percentiles. Lower BMI cutoffs targeting the 80th percentile for overweight and 90th percentile for obesity may improve early detection of metabolic risks in the Asian paediatric population.
{"title":"BMI Percentile Cutoffs for Overweight and Obesity Are Set Too High in Terms of Adiposity and Metabolic Markers for Asian Children and Adolescents","authors":"Suk-Jin Hong, Xinlian Zhang, Phillipp Hartmann","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asian adults develop metabolic complications at lower body mass indices (BMIs) compared with other ethnic groups, leading to lower BMI cutoffs for overweight and obesity. However, it remains unclear whether such adjustments are warranted in Asian children and adolescents. We aimed to determine whether lower BMI percentile cutoffs should be considered for overweight and obesity among Asian children and adolescents in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed nationally representative data from U.S. children and adolescents from NHANES, 2012–2020. Metabolic parameters—including truncal fat percentage, glycemic markers, lipid profiles and liver disease markers—were compared between Asian and non-Asian participants within the 85–95th percentile and ≥ 95th percentile ranges. Metabolic parameter-based matching analyses identified corresponding BMI percentiles between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asian children had more pronounced metabolic abnormalities than non-Asians in the overweight and obesity groups. After matching for metabolic parameters, Asians had the same levels of metabolic dysfunction at lower BMI percentiles than non-Asians, with averaged differences of approximately 3–9 BMI percentiles across various BMI percentile ranges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asian children and adolescents experience elevated metabolic risks at currently defined BMI percentiles. Lower BMI cutoffs targeting the 80th percentile for overweight and 90th percentile for obesity may improve early detection of metabolic risks in the Asian paediatric population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel O. Mensah, Alysha B. Everett, Amelia E. Fouts, Gretchen L. Hoelscher, Samantha L. Martin, Jessica S. Bahorski, Priscilla H. Mensah, Makenzie L. Callahan, W. Timothy Garvey, Paula C. Chandler-Laney
Background
Children born to mothers with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face elevated risks of central adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether these risks are primarily driven by current adiposity or by in utero exposure. This study investigated associations between waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and continuous MetS (cMetS) scores in children, and evaluated whether in utero exposure to maternal obesity or GDM moderated these relationships. Associations between cMetS and cardiometabolic biomarkers were also examined.
Methods
Children were grouped by maternal early-pregnancy weight status and GDM diagnosis: (1) normal weight without GDM, (2) overweight/obesity without GDM, and (3) overweight/obesity with GDM. WC was classified as < 85th or ≥ 85th percentile; WHtR as < 0.5 or ≥ 0.5. cMetS scores were computed with and without the WC component. Group differences and associations were assessed using ANCOVA and correlation analyses.
Results
WC and WHtR were strong predictors of cMetS, independent of in utero exposure group. Children with WC ≥ 85th percentile or WHtR ≥ 0.5 had significantly higher cMetS scores (p < 0.0001), even when WC was excluded from the cMetS calculation. cMetS was inversely correlated with adiponectin and positively correlated with leptin, the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, HOMA-IR, CRP, and IL-6 (all p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Central adiposity—indexed by WC or WHtR—rather than in utero exposure, is the primary driver of cardiometabolic risk. Associations between cMetS and cardiometabolic biomarkers underscore insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction as key mechanisms underlying MetS in children.
{"title":"Central Adiposity, Rather Than in Utero Exposure to Maternal Obesity or Gestational Diabetes, Predicts Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children Aged 4–10 Years","authors":"Daniel O. Mensah, Alysha B. Everett, Amelia E. Fouts, Gretchen L. Hoelscher, Samantha L. Martin, Jessica S. Bahorski, Priscilla H. Mensah, Makenzie L. Callahan, W. Timothy Garvey, Paula C. Chandler-Laney","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children born to mothers with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face elevated risks of central adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether these risks are primarily driven by current adiposity or by in utero exposure. This study investigated associations between waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and continuous MetS (cMetS) scores in children, and evaluated whether in utero exposure to maternal obesity or GDM moderated these relationships. Associations between cMetS and cardiometabolic biomarkers were also examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children were grouped by maternal early-pregnancy weight status and GDM diagnosis: (1) normal weight without GDM, (2) overweight/obesity without GDM, and (3) overweight/obesity with GDM. WC was classified as < 85th or ≥ 85th percentile; WHtR as < 0.5 or ≥ 0.5. cMetS scores were computed with and without the WC component. Group differences and associations were assessed using ANCOVA and correlation analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WC and WHtR were strong predictors of cMetS, independent of in utero exposure group. Children with WC ≥ 85th percentile or WHtR ≥ 0.5 had significantly higher cMetS scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), even when WC was excluded from the cMetS calculation. cMetS was inversely correlated with adiponectin and positively correlated with leptin, the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, HOMA-IR, CRP, and IL-6 (all <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central adiposity—indexed by WC or WHtR—rather than in utero exposure, is the primary driver of cardiometabolic risk. Associations between cMetS and cardiometabolic biomarkers underscore insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction as key mechanisms underlying MetS in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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