Esther M. Leerkes, Cheryl Buehler, Laurie Wideman, Yu Chen, Lenka H. Shriver
Background
Childhood obesity remains a public health crisis and identification of unique prenatal and early infancy predictors of obesity risk are critically needed.
Objectives
We test a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the predictors of rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of life.
Methods
Two hundred and ninety nine pregnant women and their infants participated. Maternal prenatal psychobiological risk (PPBR) was assessed during the third trimester via maternal anthropometrics, serum biomarkers (insulin, leptin, adiponectin), and maternal report of pregnancy complications, substance use, mental health and stress. Infant stress reactivity was measured at 2 months (cortisol output, resting RSA, observed irritability, negative emotionality). At 2 and 6 months, maternal self-report of obesogenic feeding practices and observed maternal sensitivity during three tasks were collected. RWG was classified based on change in weight-for-age z scores from birth to 6 months (>0.67 SD).
Results
Obesogenic feeding practices predicted greater likelihood of RWG, β = 0.30, p = .0.01, independent of other predictors and covariates. Obesogenic feeding practices was the only proposed intervening mechanism that produced a significant indirect effect of PPBR on RWG, b = 0.05, S.E. = 0.04, 95% CI [0.002, 0.15], β = 0.06.
Conclusion
Identifying proclivity towards obesogenic feeding practices and providing support to reduce these behaviours may enhance childhood obesity prevention efforts.
{"title":"Biopsychosocial predictors of rapid weight gain from birth to 6 months","authors":"Esther M. Leerkes, Cheryl Buehler, Laurie Wideman, Yu Chen, Lenka H. Shriver","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity remains a public health crisis and identification of unique prenatal and early infancy predictors of obesity risk are critically needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We test a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the predictors of rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred and ninety nine pregnant women and their infants participated. Maternal prenatal psychobiological risk (PPBR) was assessed during the third trimester via maternal anthropometrics, serum biomarkers (insulin, leptin, adiponectin), and maternal report of pregnancy complications, substance use, mental health and stress. Infant stress reactivity was measured at 2 months (cortisol output, resting RSA, observed irritability, negative emotionality). At 2 and 6 months, maternal self-report of obesogenic feeding practices and observed maternal sensitivity during three tasks were collected. RWG was classified based on change in weight-for-age z scores from birth to 6 months (>0.67 SD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesogenic feeding practices predicted greater likelihood of RWG, <i>β</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> = .0.01, independent of other predictors and covariates. Obesogenic feeding practices was the only proposed intervening mechanism that produced a significant indirect effect of PPBR on RWG, <i>b</i> = 0.05, S.E. = 0.04, 95% CI [0.002, 0.15], <i>β</i> = 0.06.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying proclivity towards obesogenic feeding practices and providing support to reduce these behaviours may enhance childhood obesity prevention efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dabin Yeum, Timothy J Renier, Travis D Masterson, Delaina D Carlson, Grace A Ballarino, Reina K Lansigan, Ruth J F Loos, Jennifer A Emond, Diane Gilbert-Diamond
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate obesity-related genetic factors in relation to excess consumption and assess if food cues modify associations.
Methods: Children (9-12 years) completed a randomized crossover experiment. During two visits, children ate a preload and then snacks ad libitum while watching television, embedded with food or non-food advertisements to assess eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Primary exposures were obesity-associated genotypes, FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs571312, and a paediatric-specific polygenic risk score (PRS). Outcomes included consumption of all snacks (total EAH) and gummy candy only (gummy candy EAH). Linear mixed-effects models tested whether genetic exposures related to EAH outcomes. We tested for effect modification by food cues using multiplicative interaction terms.
Results: Among 177 children, each FTO risk allele was associated with a 30% increase in gummy candy EAH (p = 0.025) in adjusted models. Food cue exposure exacerbated associations between the FTO variant with gummy candy EAH (p = 0.046). No statistically significant associations were found between MC4R and EAH.
Conclusion: The results suggest children with the FTO rs9939609 risk allele may be predisposed to excess consumption of candy and that this association may be exacerbated by food cues.
{"title":"Genetic associations with consumption of palatable foods in the absence of hunger in response to food cues in children.","authors":"Dabin Yeum, Timothy J Renier, Travis D Masterson, Delaina D Carlson, Grace A Ballarino, Reina K Lansigan, Ruth J F Loos, Jennifer A Emond, Diane Gilbert-Diamond","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to evaluate obesity-related genetic factors in relation to excess consumption and assess if food cues modify associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (9-12 years) completed a randomized crossover experiment. During two visits, children ate a preload and then snacks ad libitum while watching television, embedded with food or non-food advertisements to assess eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Primary exposures were obesity-associated genotypes, FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs571312, and a paediatric-specific polygenic risk score (PRS). Outcomes included consumption of all snacks (total EAH) and gummy candy only (gummy candy EAH). Linear mixed-effects models tested whether genetic exposures related to EAH outcomes. We tested for effect modification by food cues using multiplicative interaction terms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 177 children, each FTO risk allele was associated with a 30% increase in gummy candy EAH (p = 0.025) in adjusted models. Food cue exposure exacerbated associations between the FTO variant with gummy candy EAH (p = 0.046). No statistically significant associations were found between MC4R and EAH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest children with the FTO rs9939609 risk allele may be predisposed to excess consumption of candy and that this association may be exacerbated by food cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"e13168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Gabriela Chávez-Vázquez, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, América Liliana Miranda-Lora
Background
Evidence shows that overweight and obesity are associated with advanced bone age (BA).
Objective
To analyse the effect of adiposity on BA among Mexican children.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 902 children (5–18 years old). Anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and automated hand X-ray-based BA measurements were obtained. BA curves of children stratified by sex and age were created based on nutritional status. We also calculated odds ratios for advanced BA associated with the body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio and adiposity estimated using DXA (total and truncal fat mass).
Results
Participants with overweight/obesity by BMI (SDS ≥1) advanced earlier in BA than did normal weight participants (6.0 vs. 12.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 10.3 in girls, p < 0.01); similarly, participants with a greater body fat percentage (SDS ≥1) exhibited earlier advanced BA (7.5 vs. 10.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 9.6 in girls, p < 0.01). Differences were also observed according to the waist/height ratio and truncal fat. Children with a BMI or DXA SDS ≥1 had greater odds of presenting an advanced BA of more than 1 year (OR 1.79–3.55, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Increased adiposity in children, mainly in boys, is associated with advanced BA at earlier ages.
背景：有证据表明，超重和肥胖与骨龄（BA）增大有关：有证据表明，超重和肥胖与骨龄（BA）提前有关：分析肥胖对墨西哥儿童骨龄的影响：这项横断面研究包括 902 名儿童（5-18 岁）。方法：这项横断面研究纳入了 902 名儿童（5-18 岁），对他们进行了人体测量、双能量 X 射线吸收测量（DXA）和基于手部 X 射线的自动 BA 测量。根据营养状况绘制了按性别和年龄分层的儿童 BA 曲线。我们还计算了晚期 BA 与体重指数 (BMI)、腰围/身高比和 DXA 估计的脂肪含量（总脂肪量和躯干脂肪量）相关的几率比：结果：体重指数（BMI）超重/肥胖（SDS ≥1）的参与者比体重正常的参与者更早进入 BA 阶段（男孩为 6.0 岁对 12.0 岁，女孩为 6.0 岁对 10.3 岁，P儿童（主要是男孩）脂肪含量的增加与 BA 早熟有关。
{"title":"Association between bone age maturity and childhood adiposity","authors":"Ana Gabriela Chávez-Vázquez, Miguel Klünder-Klünder, Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez, Jenny Vilchis-Gil, América Liliana Miranda-Lora","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence shows that overweight and obesity are associated with advanced bone age (BA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyse the effect of adiposity on BA among Mexican children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 902 children (5–18 years old). Anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and automated hand X-ray-based BA measurements were obtained. BA curves of children stratified by sex and age were created based on nutritional status. We also calculated odds ratios for advanced BA associated with the body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio and adiposity estimated using DXA (total and truncal fat mass).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants with overweight/obesity by BMI (SDS ≥1) advanced earlier in BA than did normal weight participants (6.0 vs. 12.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 10.3 in girls, <i>p</i> < 0.01); similarly, participants with a greater body fat percentage (SDS ≥1) exhibited earlier advanced BA (7.5 vs. 10.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 9.6 in girls, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Differences were also observed according to the waist/height ratio and truncal fat. Children with a BMI or DXA SDS ≥1 had greater odds of presenting an advanced BA of more than 1 year (OR 1.79–3.55, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased adiposity in children, mainly in boys, is associated with advanced BA at earlier ages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jomanah A. Bakhsh, My H. Vu, Sarah Jeanne Salvy, Michael I. Goran, Alaina P. Vidmar
Background
The precise mechanisms underlying the health benefits of time-restricted eating (TRE) are unclear, particularly in adolescents.
Objectives
This secondary analysis examines the impact of 8-h TRE on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity, using data from a 12-week randomized, controlled pilot trial.
Methods
Participants (14–18 years with BMI >95th percentile) were assigned to either 8-h TRE with real-time or blinded continuous glucose monitoring or a control group with a 12+ h eating window. Dietary intake was analysed using the Nutrient Data System Recall 24-h Dietary Recall and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) for assessing diet quality.
Results
The study included 44 participants (32 TRE, 12 control), predominantly female and Hispanic/Latino. The TRE group showed a significant reduction in mean energy intake (−441 kcal/day), carbohydrates (−65 g/day), added sugar (−19 g/day) and fat (−19 g/day), while the control group had a similar reduction in energy intake (−437 kcal/day) and carbohydrates (−63 g/day), but no significant changes in added sugar or fat. The percent energy intake from protein increased more in the TRE group compared to the control. The TRE group experienced a significant improvement in diet quality, with a 6.3-point increase in HEI-2020 score; however, between-group comparisons were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
There were no significant differences between the TRE and control groups in energy intake, dietary composition or quality. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to further evaluate the potential impact of TRE on dietary behaviours.
{"title":"Effects of 8-h time-restricted eating on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity","authors":"Jomanah A. Bakhsh, My H. Vu, Sarah Jeanne Salvy, Michael I. Goran, Alaina P. Vidmar","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13165","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The precise mechanisms underlying the health benefits of time-restricted eating (TRE) are unclear, particularly in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary analysis examines the impact of 8-h TRE on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity, using data from a 12-week randomized, controlled pilot trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (14–18 years with BMI >95th percentile) were assigned to either 8-h TRE with real-time or blinded continuous glucose monitoring or a control group with a 12+ h eating window. Dietary intake was analysed using the Nutrient Data System Recall 24-h Dietary Recall and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) for assessing diet quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 44 participants (32 TRE, 12 control), predominantly female and Hispanic/Latino. The TRE group showed a significant reduction in mean energy intake (−441 kcal/day), carbohydrates (−65 g/day), added sugar (−19 g/day) and fat (−19 g/day), while the control group had a similar reduction in energy intake (−437 kcal/day) and carbohydrates (−63 g/day), but no significant changes in added sugar or fat. The percent energy intake from protein increased more in the TRE group compared to the control. The TRE group experienced a significant improvement in diet quality, with a 6.3-point increase in HEI-2020 score; however, between-group comparisons were not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no significant differences between the TRE and control groups in energy intake, dietary composition or quality. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to further evaluate the potential impact of TRE on dietary behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diamond L. McGehee, Jessica L. Saben, Clark R. Sims, Donald Turner, Keshari M. Thakali, Eva C. Diaz, Sarah R. Sobik, Timothy Edwards, Rebecca A. Krukowski, D. Keith Williams, Elisabet Børsheim, Aline Andres
Introduction
Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.
Methods
Triads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (n = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum-based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years.
Results
In this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.
Conclusions
Dietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.
{"title":"Childhood cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the perinatal environment of the maternal–paternal–child triad","authors":"Diamond L. McGehee, Jessica L. Saben, Clark R. Sims, Donald Turner, Keshari M. Thakali, Eva C. Diaz, Sarah R. Sobik, Timothy Edwards, Rebecca A. Krukowski, D. Keith Williams, Elisabet Børsheim, Aline Andres","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Identification of modifiable parental factors that contribute to offspring cardiometabolic health is critical for the prevention of disease. The objective was to identify factors associated with child cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Triads from a longitudinal cohort were recalled at 5 years (<i>n</i> = 68). Dietary intake, anthropometrics, physical activity and serum-based risk factors were collected. Best subset selection, linear and logistic regressions were used to identify triad variables associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cohort, best subset modelling revealed that increased paternal fat mass, serum low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, maternal dietary added sugar and being female were associated with increased odds of offspring having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors at age 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dietary and exercise interventions prior to conception targeting paternal adiposity and dyslipidaemia as well as maternal dietary habits could decrease children's cardiometabolic risk in later life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa N. Sidote, Nicole Bornkamp, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Amy R. Nichols, Mingyu Zhang
Introduction
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a biomarker of long-term stress. Higher HCC is associated with higher adiposity in adults; however, associations are not well characterized in adolescents.
Objective
To examine cross-sectional associations of HCC with adiposity in late adolescence.
Methods
Amongst 336 non-Hispanic White participants (48.5% female, mean 17.7 years) in Project Viva, we used multivariable linear regression models, overall and sex-stratified, to estimate associations of HCC with body mass index (BMI), bioelectric impedance (BIA) percent body fat, waist circumference (WC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-measured percent and total fat or trunk fat mass. We adjusted models for age and known predictors of adiposity.
Results
Median (interquartile range) HCC was 2.1 pm/mg (1.0–4.5) and mean (SD) BMI was 23.1 kg/m2 (3.9), BIA %body fat 20.2% (9.9) and WC 80.6 cm (10.9). In adjusted models, higher HCC (per doubling) was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.19 kg/m2; 95%CI 0.00, 0.37) and BIA percent body fat (β = 0.41%; 95%CI 0.04, 0.77). We observed no evidence of effect modification by sex.
Conclusions
Higher HCC was associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence. Further research is needed to disentangle the relationship between HCC and adolescent adiposity, including the temporal direction of the relationship and sex-specific associations.
{"title":"Hair cortisol concentrations are associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence amongst non-Hispanic White individuals","authors":"Melissa N. Sidote, Nicole Bornkamp, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Amy R. Nichols, Mingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a biomarker of long-term stress. Higher HCC is associated with higher adiposity in adults; however, associations are not well characterized in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine cross-sectional associations of HCC with adiposity in late adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amongst 336 non-Hispanic White participants (48.5% female, mean 17.7 years) in Project Viva, we used multivariable linear regression models, overall and sex-stratified, to estimate associations of HCC with body mass index (BMI), bioelectric impedance (BIA) percent body fat, waist circumference (WC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry-measured percent and total fat or trunk fat mass. We adjusted models for age and known predictors of adiposity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (interquartile range) HCC was 2.1 pm/mg (1.0–4.5) and mean (SD) BMI was 23.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (3.9), BIA %body fat 20.2% (9.9) and WC 80.6 cm (10.9). In adjusted models, higher HCC (per doubling) was associated with higher BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.19 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 95%CI 0.00, 0.37) and BIA percent body fat (<i>β</i> = 0.41%; 95%CI 0.04, 0.77). We observed no evidence of effect modification by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher HCC was associated with greater adiposity in late adolescence. Further research is needed to disentangle the relationship between HCC and adolescent adiposity, including the temporal direction of the relationship and sex-specific associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.
Objective
Prospectively estimate the association between dairy and non-dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.
Methods
The sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3-day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (z-score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA-IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.
Results
Calcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), WC (cm) (β = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36; −0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.26; −0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (β = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.48; −0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).
Conclusions
This study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.
{"title":"Association between calcium intake from different food sources during childhood and cardiometabolic risk on adolescence: The Generation XXI birth cohort","authors":"Sara Silva, Milton Severo, Carla Lopes","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospectively estimate the association between dairy and non-dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3-day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (<i>z</i>-score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA-IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (<i>β</i> = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), WC (cm) (<i>β</i> = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36; −0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (<i>β</i> = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.26; −0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (<i>β</i> = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.48; −0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (<i>β</i> = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ophir Borger, Anat Segev-Becker, Liat Perl, Asaf Ben Simon, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, Tamar Sheppes, Avivit Brener, Asaf Oren, Yael Lebenthal
Background
There is a scarcity of published studies evaluating transgender/gender-diverse youth before initiating gender-affirming hormones.
Aim
To study the body composition, metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and lifestyle habits in treatment-naïve transgender youth.
Methods
Cross-sectional study evaluating 153 transgender youth [median age 15.7 years, 94 transgender males] who attended The Israeli Children and Adolescents Gender Clinic between 6/2021–12/2022. Clinical, metabolic data and lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity and sleep patterns) were retrieved from the medical files. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index and muscle-to-fat ratio z-scores were calculated by sex designated at birth.
Results
Weight categories differed between genders, with a greater proportion of subjects classified as underweight among transgender females, and a greater proportion affected by overweight/obese/severe obese among transgender males (p = 0.035). The odds for MetS components were increased by 2.2 for every 1 standard deviation decrease in the muscle-to-fat ratio z-score (95%CI: 1.45 to 3.26, p < 0.001). About one-third of the cohort did not meet any of the three lifestyle recommendations. Transgender males had increased odds for MetS components by 3.49 (95%CI: 1.63 to 7.44, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Treatment-naïve transgender-male adolescents have an imbalance between muscle and adipose tissue, which places them at increased susceptibility for MetS components even prior to hormonal treatment.
{"title":"Body composition, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle in treatment-naïve gender-diverse youth in Israel","authors":"Ophir Borger, Anat Segev-Becker, Liat Perl, Asaf Ben Simon, Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan, Tamar Sheppes, Avivit Brener, Asaf Oren, Yael Lebenthal","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a scarcity of published studies evaluating transgender/gender-diverse youth before initiating gender-affirming hormones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To study the body composition, metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and lifestyle habits in treatment-naïve transgender youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study evaluating 153 transgender youth [median age 15.7 years, 94 transgender males] who attended The Israeli Children and Adolescents Gender Clinic between 6/2021–12/2022. Clinical, metabolic data and lifestyle habits (diet, physical activity and sleep patterns) were retrieved from the medical files. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index and muscle-to-fat ratio z-scores were calculated by sex designated at birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight categories differed between genders, with a greater proportion of subjects classified as underweight among transgender females, and a greater proportion affected by overweight/obese/severe obese among transgender males (<i>p</i> = 0.035). The odds for MetS components were increased by 2.2 for every 1 standard deviation decrease in the muscle-to-fat ratio z-score (95%CI: 1.45 to 3.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001). About one-third of the cohort did not meet any of the three lifestyle recommendations. Transgender males had increased odds for MetS components by 3.49 (95%CI: 1.63 to 7.44, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment-naïve transgender-male adolescents have an imbalance between muscle and adipose tissue, which places them at increased susceptibility for MetS components even prior to hormonal treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Observational studies consistently indicate an association between early-life body mass index (BMI) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the causal relationship between early-life BMI and six types of CVDs using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.
Methods
The dataset for this study was derived from large-scale, summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies. Specifically, the following datasets we used, early-life BMI (n = 61 111, age = 2–10), heart failure (HF) dataset (n = 977 323), atrial fibrillation (AF) dataset (n = 1 030 836), coronary artery disease (CAD) dataset (n = 184 305), peripheral artery disease (PAD) dataset (n = 243 060), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) dataset (n = 1 500 861) and myocardial infarction (MI) dataset (n = 638 000). Multiple MR methods were utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcomes, accompanied by sensitivity analysis.
Results
Early-life BMI positively correlates with the risk of developing the six distinct CVDs included in this study. Specifically, elevated BMI during childhood is associated with a 31.9% risk for HF (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.319, 95% CI [1.160 to 1.499], p = 2.33 × 10−5), an 18.3% risk for AF (R = 1.183, 95% CI [1.088 to 1.287], p = 8.22 × 10−5), an 14.8% risk for CAD (OR = 1.148, 95% CI [1.028 to 1.283], p = 1.47 × 10−2), a 40.5% risk for PAD (OR = 1.405, 95% CI [1.233 to 1.600], p = 3.10 × 10−7) and 12.0% risk for MI (OR = 1.120, 95% CI [1.017 to 1.234], p = 2.18 × 10−2). Interestingly, the risk for deep venous thrombosis only increased by 0.5% (OR = 1.005, 95% CI [1.001 to 1.008], p = 2.13 × 10−3).
Conclusion
Genetically inferred early-life BMI is significantly associated with six distinct CVDs. This indicates that elevated early-life BMI is a significant risk factor for multiple cardiovascular disorders.
{"title":"Early-life body mass index and the risk of six cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian Randomization study","authors":"Bojun Zhou, Lianghao Zhu, Xia Du, Hua Meng","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational studies consistently indicate an association between early-life body mass index (BMI) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to assess the causal relationship between early-life BMI and six types of CVDs using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset for this study was derived from large-scale, summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies. Specifically, the following datasets we used, early-life BMI (<i>n</i> = 61 111, age = 2–10), heart failure (HF) dataset (<i>n</i> = 977 323), atrial fibrillation (AF) dataset (<i>n</i> = 1 030 836), coronary artery disease (CAD) dataset (<i>n</i> = 184 305), peripheral artery disease (PAD) dataset (<i>n</i> = 243 060), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) dataset (<i>n</i> = 1 500 861) and myocardial infarction (MI) dataset (<i>n</i> = 638 000). Multiple MR methods were utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcomes, accompanied by sensitivity analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early-life BMI positively correlates with the risk of developing the six distinct CVDs included in this study. Specifically, elevated BMI during childhood is associated with a 31.9% risk for HF (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.319, 95% CI [1.160 to 1.499], <i>p</i> = 2.33 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), an 18.3% risk for AF (R = 1.183, 95% CI [1.088 to 1.287], <i>p</i> = 8.22 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), an 14.8% risk for CAD (OR = 1.148, 95% CI [1.028 to 1.283], <i>p</i> = 1.47 × 10<sup>−2</sup>), a 40.5% risk for PAD (OR = 1.405, 95% CI [1.233 to 1.600], <i>p</i> = 3.10 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) and 12.0% risk for MI (OR = 1.120, 95% CI [1.017 to 1.234], <i>p</i> = 2.18 × 10<sup>−2</sup>). Interestingly, the risk for deep venous thrombosis only increased by 0.5% (OR = 1.005, 95% CI [1.001 to 1.008], <i>p</i> = 2.13 × 10<sup>−3</sup>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetically inferred early-life BMI is significantly associated with six distinct CVDs. This indicates that elevated early-life BMI is a significant risk factor for multiple cardiovascular disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11–15) from Kraków during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods
Two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs-to-trunk fat ratio and limbs-to-total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution.
Results
Higher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs-to-total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs-to-trunk fat radio.
Conclusions
The introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.
{"title":"The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents from Kraków (Poland)","authors":"Paulina Artymiak, Magdalena Żegleń, Łukasz Kryst","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11–15) from Kraków during the COVID-19 pandemic period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs-to-trunk fat ratio and limbs-to-total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs-to-total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs-to-trunk fat radio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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