Many high-altitude plants, such as Hedyotis aspera, need to be explored for their possible medicinal value. The current study explored the protective effect of Hedyotis aspera methanolic extract whole plant (HAME) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It profiled their phytocontents using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analytic methods. The LC-MS analysis of HAME revealed 27 compounds. Eight compounds followed Lipinski’s rule of five and were found to be potential TNF-α inhibitors with binding affinities of −6.9, −6.3, −6.3, and −6.3 Kcal/mol, such as 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycocernuine and muzanzagenin. All potential compounds were found to be safe according to the ADMET analysis. The in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH) assay assessed the antioxidant activity. The nephroprotective activity was assessed in rats using a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model. The in vivo analysis involved histological examination, tissue biochemical evaluation, including a kidney function test, catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the inflammatory mediator TNF-α. Based on DPPH activity, HAME showed a scavenging activity IC50 of 264.8 ± 1.2 µg/mL, while results were compared with a standard vitamin C IC50 of 45 ± 0.45 µg/mL. Nephrotoxicity was successfully induced, as shown by elevated creatinine and uric acid levels, decreased kidney antioxidant levels, and increased TNF-α in gentamicin-treated rats. The HAME treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine and uric acid levels, increased GSH (p < 0.01 **), CAT (p < 0.01 **), and SOD (p < 0.001 ***), and decreased TNF-α (p < 0.001 ***) in nephrotoxic rats. The histopathological examination of the groups treated with HAME revealed a notable enhancement in the structural integrity of the kidneys as compared to the group exposed to gentamicin. Biochemical, histopathological, and phytochemical screening of HAME suggests that it has nephroprotective potential, owing to the presence of 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycopene, and muzanzagenin.
{"title":"LC/MS-Based Profiling of Hedyotis aspera Whole-Plant Methanolic Extract and Evaluation of Its Nephroprotective Potential against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Supported by In Silico Studies","authors":"Dsnbk Prasanth, Lingala Siva Sankar Reddy, Tharani Dasari, Pamula Reddy Bhavanam, Sheikh F. Ahmad, Rahul Nalluri, Praveen Kumar Pasala","doi":"10.3390/separations10110552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110552","url":null,"abstract":"Many high-altitude plants, such as Hedyotis aspera, need to be explored for their possible medicinal value. The current study explored the protective effect of Hedyotis aspera methanolic extract whole plant (HAME) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It profiled their phytocontents using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analytic methods. The LC-MS analysis of HAME revealed 27 compounds. Eight compounds followed Lipinski’s rule of five and were found to be potential TNF-α inhibitors with binding affinities of −6.9, −6.3, −6.3, and −6.3 Kcal/mol, such as 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycocernuine and muzanzagenin. All potential compounds were found to be safe according to the ADMET analysis. The in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH) assay assessed the antioxidant activity. The nephroprotective activity was assessed in rats using a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model. The in vivo analysis involved histological examination, tissue biochemical evaluation, including a kidney function test, catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the inflammatory mediator TNF-α. Based on DPPH activity, HAME showed a scavenging activity IC50 of 264.8 ± 1.2 µg/mL, while results were compared with a standard vitamin C IC50 of 45 ± 0.45 µg/mL. Nephrotoxicity was successfully induced, as shown by elevated creatinine and uric acid levels, decreased kidney antioxidant levels, and increased TNF-α in gentamicin-treated rats. The HAME treatment significantly reduced serum creatinine and uric acid levels, increased GSH (p < 0.01 **), CAT (p < 0.01 **), and SOD (p < 0.001 ***), and decreased TNF-α (p < 0.001 ***) in nephrotoxic rats. The histopathological examination of the groups treated with HAME revealed a notable enhancement in the structural integrity of the kidneys as compared to the group exposed to gentamicin. Biochemical, histopathological, and phytochemical screening of HAME suggests that it has nephroprotective potential, owing to the presence of 14,19-Dihydroaspidospermatine, coumeroic acid, lycopene, and muzanzagenin.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"51 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.3390/separations10110551
Valentina Bušić, Sunčica Roca, Dajana Gašo-Sokač
The synthesis of 14 hydrazone compounds derived from pyridoxal, pyridine-4-carbaldehyde, and quinoline-2-carbaldehyde using two methods, conventional method in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and effective combination of ultrasound and DESs, is presented in this paper. In addition, the possibility of using 12 choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs as an alternative to organic solvents was investigated. The results show that the application of ultrasound not only improves the reaction yield but also shortens the reaction time. The prepared compounds synthesized at room temperature were analyzed via NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. The studies confirmed that the DESs ChCl:malonic, oxalic, levulinic, and trans-cinnamic acid can be excellent alternatives to classical organic solvents. By the combined use of DESs and the ultrasonic method, compound 11 was obtained in a nearly quantitative yield of 98% in DES ChCl:oxalic acid. The advantages of using DESs as reaction media are that they are biodegradable, nontoxic, recyclable, and can be easily prepared with inexpensive starting materials. The results of recycling DESs show that they can be used up to the fourth recycling cycle without significantly changing the reaction yield.
{"title":"Application of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Synthesis of Hydrazones","authors":"Valentina Bušić, Sunčica Roca, Dajana Gašo-Sokač","doi":"10.3390/separations10110551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110551","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of 14 hydrazone compounds derived from pyridoxal, pyridine-4-carbaldehyde, and quinoline-2-carbaldehyde using two methods, conventional method in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and effective combination of ultrasound and DESs, is presented in this paper. In addition, the possibility of using 12 choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs as an alternative to organic solvents was investigated. The results show that the application of ultrasound not only improves the reaction yield but also shortens the reaction time. The prepared compounds synthesized at room temperature were analyzed via NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. The studies confirmed that the DESs ChCl:malonic, oxalic, levulinic, and trans-cinnamic acid can be excellent alternatives to classical organic solvents. By the combined use of DESs and the ultrasonic method, compound 11 was obtained in a nearly quantitative yield of 98% in DES ChCl:oxalic acid. The advantages of using DESs as reaction media are that they are biodegradable, nontoxic, recyclable, and can be easily prepared with inexpensive starting materials. The results of recycling DESs show that they can be used up to the fourth recycling cycle without significantly changing the reaction yield.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.3390/separations10110550
Zheng Si, Yipeng Ji, Jiaqing Chen, Xiujun Wang, Hong Du, Jian Zhang, Hai Yu, Qiang Ren, Zhao Hua
The tubular dynamic hydrocyclone (TDH) holds great potential for the pre-deoiling of offshore oil platforms. However, the shear and turbulence in the flow field can cause the oil droplets, the dispersed phase in water, to break up when the swirling flow is produced by the swirler. A design method is proposed for the low-shear rotary swirler (LSRS) of TDH, the aim of which is to reduce the shear force and local turbulence during the fluid forming swirling flow. The blade setting angle of the LSRS is calculated based on the relative velocity vector between the fluid and the swirler. The distribution characteristics of the tangential velocity and turbulence in the TDH with LSRS are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The maximum stable droplet diameter is analyzed. The results show that the shear stress and turbulence energy dissipation rates are reduced by 74.6% and 68.5%, respectively, and that the stable droplet diameter is increased by more than 60%, compared to the conventional rotating swirler. In addition, a TDH prototype with LSRS was tested in an offshore oil field by continuous operation for more than 36 h. The average separation efficiency was 83%, and the average underflow oil concentration was 27 mg/L. The research also found that the drastic changes in the tangential velocity along the axial direction were critical to shear. Moreover, the results make up for the deficiency of the spatial variation of the tangential velocity in the dynamic cyclone separator.
{"title":"Design Methodology for a Low-Shear Rotating Swirler","authors":"Zheng Si, Yipeng Ji, Jiaqing Chen, Xiujun Wang, Hong Du, Jian Zhang, Hai Yu, Qiang Ren, Zhao Hua","doi":"10.3390/separations10110550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110550","url":null,"abstract":"The tubular dynamic hydrocyclone (TDH) holds great potential for the pre-deoiling of offshore oil platforms. However, the shear and turbulence in the flow field can cause the oil droplets, the dispersed phase in water, to break up when the swirling flow is produced by the swirler. A design method is proposed for the low-shear rotary swirler (LSRS) of TDH, the aim of which is to reduce the shear force and local turbulence during the fluid forming swirling flow. The blade setting angle of the LSRS is calculated based on the relative velocity vector between the fluid and the swirler. The distribution characteristics of the tangential velocity and turbulence in the TDH with LSRS are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The maximum stable droplet diameter is analyzed. The results show that the shear stress and turbulence energy dissipation rates are reduced by 74.6% and 68.5%, respectively, and that the stable droplet diameter is increased by more than 60%, compared to the conventional rotating swirler. In addition, a TDH prototype with LSRS was tested in an offshore oil field by continuous operation for more than 36 h. The average separation efficiency was 83%, and the average underflow oil concentration was 27 mg/L. The research also found that the drastic changes in the tangential velocity along the axial direction were critical to shear. Moreover, the results make up for the deficiency of the spatial variation of the tangential velocity in the dynamic cyclone separator.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"32 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.3390/separations10110549
Zongwu Wang, Wantao Tian, Siyuan Sun, Xing Chen, Haifeng Wang
Industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants, and many microorganisms. However, the types of microorganism present in industrial wastewater are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate compounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from industrial wastewater from industrial produce with high concentrations of sulfate and phosphate, and mass spectrometry identification, gene identification, biochemical analysis and genomic and proteomic property identification were carried out. According to the results of matrix-assisted flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolated bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was positive for reactions of ONPG, ACE, GLU, MNE, etc. Through growth experiments, it can be seen that Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a significant growth rate in the LB medium. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to most antibiotics and moderately resistant to Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E. The drug resistance gene experiment showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the gyrB gene related to antibiotic resistance. Proteomic analysis revealed that six proteins were involved in antibiotic resistance. This experiment isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa from industrial produce wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate and phosphate ions, providing a new perspective for further research on the characteristics and drug resistance of microorganisms in industrial wastewater and their potential functions when using them to deal with environmental pollution.
{"title":"Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Industrial Wastewater to Assess Its Resistance to Antibiotics","authors":"Zongwu Wang, Wantao Tian, Siyuan Sun, Xing Chen, Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.3390/separations10110549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110549","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants, and many microorganisms. However, the types of microorganism present in industrial wastewater are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate compounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from industrial wastewater from industrial produce with high concentrations of sulfate and phosphate, and mass spectrometry identification, gene identification, biochemical analysis and genomic and proteomic property identification were carried out. According to the results of matrix-assisted flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolated bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was positive for reactions of ONPG, ACE, GLU, MNE, etc. Through growth experiments, it can be seen that Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a significant growth rate in the LB medium. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to most antibiotics and moderately resistant to Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E. The drug resistance gene experiment showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the gyrB gene related to antibiotic resistance. Proteomic analysis revealed that six proteins were involved in antibiotic resistance. This experiment isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa from industrial produce wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate and phosphate ions, providing a new perspective for further research on the characteristics and drug resistance of microorganisms in industrial wastewater and their potential functions when using them to deal with environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.3390/separations10110548
Stefano Di Bona, Emanuele Artino, Francesca Buiarelli, Patrizia Di Filippo, Roberta Galarini, Stefano Lorenzetti, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Cruciani, Laura Goracci
The waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is generally considered a secondary raw material for the recovery of valuable components. However, emerging issues regarding the impact of suspended particles arising from WEEE recycling operations are a concern. It was recently demonstrated that samples from three different WEEE plants were rich in organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Since exposure to a xenobiotic can lead to its biotransformation through human metabolism routes, in the present study, the metabolism of eight OPFRs of interest in our sampling campaign (triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri-m-tolyl phosphate (TMTP), ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPhP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOEP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate (TDClPP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)) was investigated. Their metabolism was studied at different time points in three matrices: human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes and human skin microsomes. This study, which was run using a common experimental setting, allowed easy comparison of results for each OPFR of interest, and a comparison with other data in the literature was performed. In particular, a number of metabolites not previously described were detected, and for the first time, it was shown that TPhP could be metabolized in human skin microsomes.
{"title":"Metabolic Stability of Eight Airborne OrganoPhosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs) in Human Liver, Skin Microsomes and Human Hepatocytes","authors":"Stefano Di Bona, Emanuele Artino, Francesca Buiarelli, Patrizia Di Filippo, Roberta Galarini, Stefano Lorenzetti, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Cruciani, Laura Goracci","doi":"10.3390/separations10110548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110548","url":null,"abstract":"The waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is generally considered a secondary raw material for the recovery of valuable components. However, emerging issues regarding the impact of suspended particles arising from WEEE recycling operations are a concern. It was recently demonstrated that samples from three different WEEE plants were rich in organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Since exposure to a xenobiotic can lead to its biotransformation through human metabolism routes, in the present study, the metabolism of eight OPFRs of interest in our sampling campaign (triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri-m-tolyl phosphate (TMTP), ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPhP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOEP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate (TDClPP) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)) was investigated. Their metabolism was studied at different time points in three matrices: human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes and human skin microsomes. This study, which was run using a common experimental setting, allowed easy comparison of results for each OPFR of interest, and a comparison with other data in the literature was performed. In particular, a number of metabolites not previously described were detected, and for the first time, it was shown that TPhP could be metabolized in human skin microsomes.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135170780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.3390/separations10110547
Carolina Barola, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Simone Moretti, Francesca Buiarelli, Giulia Simonetti, Franco Lucarelli, Laura Goracci, Stefano Lorenzetti, Patrizia Di Filippo, Donatella Pomata, Carmela Riccardi, Roberta Galarini
Poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in the electrical and electronic appliance industry to the point that waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also known as e-waste, creates significant potential for PFAS exposure (by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure) for people handling and recycling e-waste. The aim of this work was the development of an untargeted analytical approach in order to detect the presence of possible unknown PFASs in particulate matter collected in three Italian e-waste facilities through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS/MS) in negative ionization mode. By means of three acquisition experiments, nine compounds were detected as candidate PFASs, and three were definitively confirmed by comparison with their authentic standards. Among these, bistriflimide (bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide), an ionic liquid with several promising technological applications, was the most abundant compound detected in all three recycling plants. This is the first study associating the presence of fluorinated ionic liquids with e-waste, and as these chemicals are not only toxic and persistent but also highly mobile, our results indicate the need to include them in future PFAS research. Only further data on their actual environmental diffusion will determine whether they are emerging pollutants or not.
{"title":"Untargeted Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Airborne Particulate of Three Italian E-Waste Recycling Facilities","authors":"Carolina Barola, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Simone Moretti, Francesca Buiarelli, Giulia Simonetti, Franco Lucarelli, Laura Goracci, Stefano Lorenzetti, Patrizia Di Filippo, Donatella Pomata, Carmela Riccardi, Roberta Galarini","doi":"10.3390/separations10110547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10110547","url":null,"abstract":"Poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used in the electrical and electronic appliance industry to the point that waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also known as e-waste, creates significant potential for PFAS exposure (by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure) for people handling and recycling e-waste. The aim of this work was the development of an untargeted analytical approach in order to detect the presence of possible unknown PFASs in particulate matter collected in three Italian e-waste facilities through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS/MS) in negative ionization mode. By means of three acquisition experiments, nine compounds were detected as candidate PFASs, and three were definitively confirmed by comparison with their authentic standards. Among these, bistriflimide (bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide), an ionic liquid with several promising technological applications, was the most abundant compound detected in all three recycling plants. This is the first study associating the presence of fluorinated ionic liquids with e-waste, and as these chemicals are not only toxic and persistent but also highly mobile, our results indicate the need to include them in future PFAS research. Only further data on their actual environmental diffusion will determine whether they are emerging pollutants or not.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.3390/separations10100546
Olivera Politeo, Ivana Cajic, Anja Simic, Mirko Ruscic, Mejra Bektasevic
The essential oil (EO) of Artemisia plants contains a large number of bioactive compounds that are widely used. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of EOs of six Artemisia plants collected in Croatia and to test their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. GC–MS analysis of the EO of A. absinthium showed that the dominant compounds are cis-sabinyl acetate and cis-epoxy-ocimene; in EO of A. abrotanum, it is borneol; in the EO of A. annua, they are artemisia ketone, camphor and 1,8-cineole; in the EO of A. arborescens, they are camphor and chamazulene; in the EO of A. verlotiorum, they are cis-thujone, 1,8-cineole and trans-thujone; and in the EO of A. vulgaris, they are trans-thujone and trans-epoxy-ocimene. The EO of the five studied Artemisia species from Croatia is rich in monoterpenoid compounds (1,8-cineole, artemisia ketone, cis-thujone, trans-thujone, cis-epoxy-ocimene, camphor, borneol and cis-sabinyl acetate). The EO of A. arborescens is also rich in chamazulene. The results also showed that the tested EOs have moderate cholinesterase inhibition potential, especially the EOs of A. annua, A. vulgaris and A. abrotanum. This is the first analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs of four Artemisia plants and the first analysis of cholinesterase potential for plants collected in Croatia.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Cholinesterase Inhibition Potential of Essential Oils Isolated from Artemisia Plants from Croatia","authors":"Olivera Politeo, Ivana Cajic, Anja Simic, Mirko Ruscic, Mejra Bektasevic","doi":"10.3390/separations10100546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10100546","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil (EO) of Artemisia plants contains a large number of bioactive compounds that are widely used. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of EOs of six Artemisia plants collected in Croatia and to test their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. GC–MS analysis of the EO of A. absinthium showed that the dominant compounds are cis-sabinyl acetate and cis-epoxy-ocimene; in EO of A. abrotanum, it is borneol; in the EO of A. annua, they are artemisia ketone, camphor and 1,8-cineole; in the EO of A. arborescens, they are camphor and chamazulene; in the EO of A. verlotiorum, they are cis-thujone, 1,8-cineole and trans-thujone; and in the EO of A. vulgaris, they are trans-thujone and trans-epoxy-ocimene. The EO of the five studied Artemisia species from Croatia is rich in monoterpenoid compounds (1,8-cineole, artemisia ketone, cis-thujone, trans-thujone, cis-epoxy-ocimene, camphor, borneol and cis-sabinyl acetate). The EO of A. arborescens is also rich in chamazulene. The results also showed that the tested EOs have moderate cholinesterase inhibition potential, especially the EOs of A. annua, A. vulgaris and A. abrotanum. This is the first analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs of four Artemisia plants and the first analysis of cholinesterase potential for plants collected in Croatia.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.3390/separations10100545
Sandra Saunoriūtė, Ona Ragažinskienė, Liudas Ivanauskas, Mindaugas Marksa, Kristina Laužikė, Lina Raudonė
Over the past ten years, particular attention has been paid to Artemisia L. genus plants and their chemical composition. Artemisia abrotanum L. and Artemisia absinthium L., which are traditional medicinal, aromatic plants with a strong digestive activity that is determined by the various phytochemicals. The research aim was to determine the variation in polyphenols in the samples of different vegetation stages of two Artemisia species and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of the Artemisia samples was carried out using spectrophotometric methods and HPLC-PDA techniques, while antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Significant differences in the diversity of phenolic compounds were found among Artemisia species during vegetation stages. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and rutin were predominant among the phenolic compounds. The study provides valuable insights into the composition of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Artemisia plants at different growth stages, shedding light on their potential pharmacological effects and antioxidant activities. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the quality and safety of herbal materials derived from Artemisia species.
{"title":"Phenolic Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Artemisia abrotanum L. and Artemisia absinthium L. during Vegetation Stages","authors":"Sandra Saunoriūtė, Ona Ragažinskienė, Liudas Ivanauskas, Mindaugas Marksa, Kristina Laužikė, Lina Raudonė","doi":"10.3390/separations10100545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10100545","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past ten years, particular attention has been paid to Artemisia L. genus plants and their chemical composition. Artemisia abrotanum L. and Artemisia absinthium L., which are traditional medicinal, aromatic plants with a strong digestive activity that is determined by the various phytochemicals. The research aim was to determine the variation in polyphenols in the samples of different vegetation stages of two Artemisia species and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of the Artemisia samples was carried out using spectrophotometric methods and HPLC-PDA techniques, while antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Significant differences in the diversity of phenolic compounds were found among Artemisia species during vegetation stages. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and rutin were predominant among the phenolic compounds. The study provides valuable insights into the composition of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Artemisia plants at different growth stages, shedding light on their potential pharmacological effects and antioxidant activities. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the quality and safety of herbal materials derived from Artemisia species.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"17 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.3390/separations10100543
Yousheng Zhou, Peicheng Li, Yifan Wang, Qiyue Zhao, Hui Sun
Carbon hydrocarbon compounds, especially low-carbon hydrocarbons (C1–C3), are vital raw materials in the petrochemical industry, but their efficient separation has great challenges due to their similar molecular structures and properties. In contrast to traditional low-temperature distillation and absorption separation technologies, selective adsorption employing porous materials as adsorbent has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, and high selectivity, indicating broad application possibilities in the field of low-carbon hydrocarbon separation. In this paper, the recent progress in the separation and purification of hydrocarbon mixtures by means of the two kinds of porous materials (metal–organic frameworks and molecular sieves) that have been widely used in recent years is reviewed, including purification of methane and separation of ethylene/ethane, propylene/propane, and some high-carbon hydrocarbon isomers. The structure–activity relationships between their chemical composition, structural characteristics, and separation performance are discussed to understand the separation mechanism. In conclusion, the issues encountered in the application of metal–organic frameworks and molecular sieves in the separation of low-carbon hydrocarbons are discussed in light of the current context of “carbon neutrality”.
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Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.3390/separations10100544
Sana M. Alahmadi, Salwa S. Aljuhani
Silica gel chemically functionalized with alizarin (Si-AZ) and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (Si-NN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and elemental analysis. The two chelators show adequate sorption properties for Pb (II) and are hence used as SPE sorbents prior to their determination with ICP-MS. Both chelators showed high sorption efficiency for the Pb (II) ion at pH 8. Batch experiments demonstrate that the synthesized resins could remove more than 95% Pb (II) out of solutions containing 100 μg/mL of the ion. At optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities for S-TDI-AZ and S-TDI-NN for Pb (II) were 9.56 and 9.43 mg/g, respectively. Method development was performed to investigate the applicability of the chelating resins as packing materials for SPE using model solutions and real groundwater samples. The method detection limits of SPE were 0.0025 and 0.0026 μg/L with high precision (R.S.D. < 3%). The recoveries of spiked Pb (II) with ground water were 104.70 and 102.62%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb (II) in the groundwater by ICP-MS.
{"title":"Synthesis of Silica Gel Chelated with Alizarin and 1-Nitroso-2-Naphthol for Solid Phase Extraction of Lead in Ground Water Samples","authors":"Sana M. Alahmadi, Salwa S. Aljuhani","doi":"10.3390/separations10100544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10100544","url":null,"abstract":"Silica gel chemically functionalized with alizarin (Si-AZ) and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (Si-NN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and elemental analysis. The two chelators show adequate sorption properties for Pb (II) and are hence used as SPE sorbents prior to their determination with ICP-MS. Both chelators showed high sorption efficiency for the Pb (II) ion at pH 8. Batch experiments demonstrate that the synthesized resins could remove more than 95% Pb (II) out of solutions containing 100 μg/mL of the ion. At optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities for S-TDI-AZ and S-TDI-NN for Pb (II) were 9.56 and 9.43 mg/g, respectively. Method development was performed to investigate the applicability of the chelating resins as packing materials for SPE using model solutions and real groundwater samples. The method detection limits of SPE were 0.0025 and 0.0026 μg/L with high precision (R.S.D. < 3%). The recoveries of spiked Pb (II) with ground water were 104.70 and 102.62%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb (II) in the groundwater by ICP-MS.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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