Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.3390/separations10120601
Jin Sung Ahn, WanKyunn Whang
Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) is a functional food and traditional medicine that has been widely used for bone and joint disorders for thousands of years. In this study, 14 compounds were isolated from DR, and their structures were identified using UPLC/QTOF–MS, UPLC–ESI/LTQ–Orbitrap–HRMS, and 2D NMR and compared with those obtained in previous studies. An HPLC–PDA multi-component simultaneous quantitative determination method was developed for 12 of the 14 DR-derived compounds, excluding compounds with a content <1.5 mg. The developed HPLC method was validated based on linearity (r2 ≥ 0.999), limit of detection (0.01–0.65 μg/mL), limit of quantification (0.04–1.97 μg/mL), intra-day precision and accuracy ranges (0.06–2.85% and 95.03–104.75%, respectively), and inter-day precision and accuracy ranges (0.24–2.83% and 95.75–105.75%, respectively). The developed analysis method improved the resolution of compounds 4 and 5. In addition, this is the first quantitative analysis of compounds 7, 8, and 11 and the first simultaneous quantitative analysis of 12 compounds, including compounds 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 14. This study developed a rapid, accurate, and economical HPLC method for performing the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 12 secondary metabolites isolated from DR.
{"title":"The Development and Validation of Simultaneous Multi-Component Quantitative Analysis via HPLC–PDA Detection of 12 Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Drynariae Rhizoma","authors":"Jin Sung Ahn, WanKyunn Whang","doi":"10.3390/separations10120601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120601","url":null,"abstract":"Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) is a functional food and traditional medicine that has been widely used for bone and joint disorders for thousands of years. In this study, 14 compounds were isolated from DR, and their structures were identified using UPLC/QTOF–MS, UPLC–ESI/LTQ–Orbitrap–HRMS, and 2D NMR and compared with those obtained in previous studies. An HPLC–PDA multi-component simultaneous quantitative determination method was developed for 12 of the 14 DR-derived compounds, excluding compounds with a content <1.5 mg. The developed HPLC method was validated based on linearity (r2 ≥ 0.999), limit of detection (0.01–0.65 μg/mL), limit of quantification (0.04–1.97 μg/mL), intra-day precision and accuracy ranges (0.06–2.85% and 95.03–104.75%, respectively), and inter-day precision and accuracy ranges (0.24–2.83% and 95.75–105.75%, respectively). The developed analysis method improved the resolution of compounds 4 and 5. In addition, this is the first quantitative analysis of compounds 7, 8, and 11 and the first simultaneous quantitative analysis of 12 compounds, including compounds 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 14. This study developed a rapid, accurate, and economical HPLC method for performing the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 12 secondary metabolites isolated from DR.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.3390/separations10120599
Fatma Zohra Gharbi, Nabil Bougdah, Y. Belhocine, N. Sbei, S. Rahali, Maamar Damous, M. Seydou
Due to their detrimental and carcinogenic effects, synthetic organic dyes pose significant environmental and health risks. Consequently, addressing the bioremediation of industrial wastewater containing these organic dyes has become an urgent environmental concern. The adsorption using low-cost and green materials is one of the best alternative techniques for the removal of dyes. This study aims to investigate the use of chitin to eliminate Congo red (CR), an anionic dye, from wastewater. The chitin was produced from shrimp shell in a quick and environmentally friendly manner by utilizing a co-solvent (glycerol/citric acid (GLC)). The resulting adsorbent was characterized through various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The effectiveness of CR removal with chitin was studied with respect to contact time, adsorbent dose, initial pH, equilibrium isotherms, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. It was observed that variations in the dye concentration and pH significantly influenced the removal of CR with chitin. Under optimal operating conditions (pH = 7, contact time = 130 min, temperature = 50 °C), the adsorption capacity reached 29.69 ± 0.2 mg/g. The experimental data revealed that CR adsorption onto a chitin adsorbent is better represented by a Langmuir isotherm.
{"title":"Green and Fast Extraction of Chitin from Waste Shrimp Shells: Characterization and Application in the Removal of Congo Red Dye","authors":"Fatma Zohra Gharbi, Nabil Bougdah, Y. Belhocine, N. Sbei, S. Rahali, Maamar Damous, M. Seydou","doi":"10.3390/separations10120599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120599","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their detrimental and carcinogenic effects, synthetic organic dyes pose significant environmental and health risks. Consequently, addressing the bioremediation of industrial wastewater containing these organic dyes has become an urgent environmental concern. The adsorption using low-cost and green materials is one of the best alternative techniques for the removal of dyes. This study aims to investigate the use of chitin to eliminate Congo red (CR), an anionic dye, from wastewater. The chitin was produced from shrimp shell in a quick and environmentally friendly manner by utilizing a co-solvent (glycerol/citric acid (GLC)). The resulting adsorbent was characterized through various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The effectiveness of CR removal with chitin was studied with respect to contact time, adsorbent dose, initial pH, equilibrium isotherms, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. It was observed that variations in the dye concentration and pH significantly influenced the removal of CR with chitin. Under optimal operating conditions (pH = 7, contact time = 130 min, temperature = 50 °C), the adsorption capacity reached 29.69 ± 0.2 mg/g. The experimental data revealed that CR adsorption onto a chitin adsorbent is better represented by a Langmuir isotherm.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"30 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-09DOI: 10.3390/separations10120598
Mengjie Zhang, Jinhua Zhao, Xiaofeng Dai, Xiumei Li
There are many types of natural plants in nature that contain a variety of effective and complex chemical components. These constituents can be categorized as organic acids, volatile oils, coumarins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phytochromes, etc., all of which play important roles in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The study of extraction and chemical composition analysis of natural products is important for the discovery of these active ingredients and their precursors. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the status of research on the extraction, separation and purification, and structural identification of natural products, to provide a reference for the study of natural products.
{"title":"Extraction and Analysis of Chemical Compositions of Natural Products and Plants","authors":"Mengjie Zhang, Jinhua Zhao, Xiaofeng Dai, Xiumei Li","doi":"10.3390/separations10120598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120598","url":null,"abstract":"There are many types of natural plants in nature that contain a variety of effective and complex chemical components. These constituents can be categorized as organic acids, volatile oils, coumarins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phytochromes, etc., all of which play important roles in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The study of extraction and chemical composition analysis of natural products is important for the discovery of these active ingredients and their precursors. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the status of research on the extraction, separation and purification, and structural identification of natural products, to provide a reference for the study of natural products.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen pollution in water bodies presents a serious threat to ecosystems due to its role in eutrophication. In this study, the aerobic denitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis was used as a model microorganism to investigate the optimal operating conditions for nitrogen removal from nitrogen-containing wastewater by Alcaligenes faecalis under different aeration modes, microbial dosages and C/N ratios. The results showed that the optimal aeration mode for efficient bacterial denitrification was 10 min of aeration with a 30 min interval, and the total nitrogen removal reached 87.82%. At different bacterial doses, NO3−–N was completely denitrified and NO2−–N accumulation levels were reduced, all of which resulted in significant denitrification, and the final total nitrogen removal efficiencies reached 86.39–98.50%. With an increase in the C/N ratio, the pollutant removal performance of denitrifying bacteria increased. When the C/N ratio was 17, the final rates of NO3−–N, TN and COD removal were 100%, 98.50% and 96.13%, respectively. At lower C/N ratios, the growth and metabolism of microorganisms were inhibited and fewer electron acceptors were available during the denitrification process, which seriously affected denitrification performance. In this study, the denitrification performance of aerobic denitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis was explored in experiments using changes in aeration mode, microbial dosage and C/N ratio, and the optimal operating conditions of Alcaligenes faecalis for treating nitrogenous wastewater were indicated. This provides technical support for Alcaligenes faecalis in improving the remediation effect of nitrogenous wastewater and provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth research on the performance of Alcaligenes faecalis in the future.
{"title":"Study on Enhancement of Denitrification Performance of Alcaligenes faecalis","authors":"Zicheng Luo, Shugen Hu, Yameng Zhang, Guanlong Yu, Yunhe Yang, Qing Li, Peng Duan","doi":"10.3390/separations10120597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120597","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen pollution in water bodies presents a serious threat to ecosystems due to its role in eutrophication. In this study, the aerobic denitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis was used as a model microorganism to investigate the optimal operating conditions for nitrogen removal from nitrogen-containing wastewater by Alcaligenes faecalis under different aeration modes, microbial dosages and C/N ratios. The results showed that the optimal aeration mode for efficient bacterial denitrification was 10 min of aeration with a 30 min interval, and the total nitrogen removal reached 87.82%. At different bacterial doses, NO3−–N was completely denitrified and NO2−–N accumulation levels were reduced, all of which resulted in significant denitrification, and the final total nitrogen removal efficiencies reached 86.39–98.50%. With an increase in the C/N ratio, the pollutant removal performance of denitrifying bacteria increased. When the C/N ratio was 17, the final rates of NO3−–N, TN and COD removal were 100%, 98.50% and 96.13%, respectively. At lower C/N ratios, the growth and metabolism of microorganisms were inhibited and fewer electron acceptors were available during the denitrification process, which seriously affected denitrification performance. In this study, the denitrification performance of aerobic denitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis was explored in experiments using changes in aeration mode, microbial dosage and C/N ratio, and the optimal operating conditions of Alcaligenes faecalis for treating nitrogenous wastewater were indicated. This provides technical support for Alcaligenes faecalis in improving the remediation effect of nitrogenous wastewater and provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth research on the performance of Alcaligenes faecalis in the future.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.3390/separations10120596
Weiwei Zhou, Jun Li, Xuefeng Wang, Ling Liu, Yun Li, Rui Song, Mengxue Zhang, Xiumei Li
Essential oils (EOs), also called liquid gold, are known for their wide range of applications and biological activities. The modern use of EOs has received increasing attention for more than 60 years. The precious EOs have been refined from plant raw materials using a variety of methods. Since the extraction, separation, and purification methods determine the type, quantity, and stereochemical structure of EO molecules as well as the final yield and quality of EOs, the selection of an appropriate method is crucial. The traditional and emerging extraction methods (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, organic solvent extraction, etc.), as well as separation and purification methods (chromatography, macroporous resin, chemical reaction, etc.), of plant EOs and their main volatile compounds were shown. Our review focused on the principles, processes, characteristics, and applications of these methods, so as to better understand the preparation of pure plant EOs and further guide their large-scale use.
{"title":"Research Progress on Extraction, Separation, and Purification Methods of Plant Essential Oils","authors":"Weiwei Zhou, Jun Li, Xuefeng Wang, Ling Liu, Yun Li, Rui Song, Mengxue Zhang, Xiumei Li","doi":"10.3390/separations10120596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120596","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs), also called liquid gold, are known for their wide range of applications and biological activities. The modern use of EOs has received increasing attention for more than 60 years. The precious EOs have been refined from plant raw materials using a variety of methods. Since the extraction, separation, and purification methods determine the type, quantity, and stereochemical structure of EO molecules as well as the final yield and quality of EOs, the selection of an appropriate method is crucial. The traditional and emerging extraction methods (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, organic solvent extraction, etc.), as well as separation and purification methods (chromatography, macroporous resin, chemical reaction, etc.), of plant EOs and their main volatile compounds were shown. Our review focused on the principles, processes, characteristics, and applications of these methods, so as to better understand the preparation of pure plant EOs and further guide their large-scale use.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"27 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater bodies are mainly attributed to the excess loading of nutrients. The microbes in sediments may affect nutrient migration and transformation during the growth of cyanobacteria. This study focused on the role of Paraburkholderia disturbance in affecting the sediment nutrient conditions and further contributing to cyanobacterial community succession in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu. The dissolving phosphorus and fixing nitrogen of Paraburkholderia with different concentration and characteristic capabilities, as well as the impact on nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), etc.) in eutrophic lakes were determined. The results indicated that the various forms of phosphorus in the sediments showed total phosphorus (TP) > inorganic phosphorus (IP) > iron/aluminum-bound phosphate (NaOH-P) > algal-available phosphorus (AAP) > organic phosphorus (OP) > calcium-bound phosphate (HCl-P). Additionally, it was observed that with higher values of Paraburkholderia (OD600), the higher the corresponding risk of endogenous nutrient release from the sediments into the overlying water (but more is not always better), especially for the solubilization of HCl-P. The diffusion fluxes of TP, total nitrogen (TN) and Fe at the sediment–water interface (SWI) were all positive in the bacteria only experiment, with maximum values of 0.64, 15.0 and 5.02 mg/(m2d), respectively. Additionally, it was interesting that Paraburkholderia were able to produce organic acids, causing a decrease in pH. Furthermore, glucose levels can seriously affect water quality, especially the reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) (down to 0.01 mg/L), leading to a series of side effects that have a huge impact on cyanobacterial community succession. These results provide a theoretical basis for the microbial ecological factors in eutrophic lakes.
{"title":"The Effect of Paraburkholderia on the Nutrients in Eutrophic Lakes","authors":"Chengqi Tu, Yongsheng Chang, Xiaoshuang Dong, Wei Huang","doi":"10.3390/separations10120595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120595","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater bodies are mainly attributed to the excess loading of nutrients. The microbes in sediments may affect nutrient migration and transformation during the growth of cyanobacteria. This study focused on the role of Paraburkholderia disturbance in affecting the sediment nutrient conditions and further contributing to cyanobacterial community succession in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu. The dissolving phosphorus and fixing nitrogen of Paraburkholderia with different concentration and characteristic capabilities, as well as the impact on nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), etc.) in eutrophic lakes were determined. The results indicated that the various forms of phosphorus in the sediments showed total phosphorus (TP) > inorganic phosphorus (IP) > iron/aluminum-bound phosphate (NaOH-P) > algal-available phosphorus (AAP) > organic phosphorus (OP) > calcium-bound phosphate (HCl-P). Additionally, it was observed that with higher values of Paraburkholderia (OD600), the higher the corresponding risk of endogenous nutrient release from the sediments into the overlying water (but more is not always better), especially for the solubilization of HCl-P. The diffusion fluxes of TP, total nitrogen (TN) and Fe at the sediment–water interface (SWI) were all positive in the bacteria only experiment, with maximum values of 0.64, 15.0 and 5.02 mg/(m2d), respectively. Additionally, it was interesting that Paraburkholderia were able to produce organic acids, causing a decrease in pH. Furthermore, glucose levels can seriously affect water quality, especially the reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) (down to 0.01 mg/L), leading to a series of side effects that have a huge impact on cyanobacterial community succession. These results provide a theoretical basis for the microbial ecological factors in eutrophic lakes.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"45 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3390/separations10120594
W. Byrdwell, H. K. Kotapati
We analyzed ten pulses (the dried seeds of legumes), i.e., baby lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas, butter beans, cranberry beans, garbanzo beans, green split peas, lentils, navy beans, and pinto beans, using three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) with parallel second dimensions, LC × (LC + LC). We combined non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) chromatography as the first dimension separation, 1D, with argentation UHPLC for separation based on degree and location of unsaturation in the first second dimension, 2D(1), and multi-cycle NARP-UHPLC in the second second dimension, 2D(2). Pulses contained 1.9% to 2.7% lipids, except garbanzo beans, which contained 6.2% lipids. High-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was used to perform lipidomic analysis of the 2D(2) and percent relative quantification, showing that the most abundant average triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species across all pulses were PLL at 10.67% and PLLn at 10.45%. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were clustered together using principal component analysis (PCA), showing the highest levels of linolenic acid, C18:3, in molecular species such as PLnLn, LLnLn, and OLLn, with palmitic (P), C16:0, linoleic (L), 18:2, linolenic (Ln), 18:3, and oleic (O), 18:1, FAs. Calibration curves derived from interweaved sets of regioisomer standards allowed the absolute quantification of 1,2- and 1,3-regioisomers for a subset of TAGs.
{"title":"Multi-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography of Pulse Triacylglycerols with Triple Parallel Mass Spectrometry","authors":"W. Byrdwell, H. K. Kotapati","doi":"10.3390/separations10120594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120594","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed ten pulses (the dried seeds of legumes), i.e., baby lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas, butter beans, cranberry beans, garbanzo beans, green split peas, lentils, navy beans, and pinto beans, using three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) with parallel second dimensions, LC × (LC + LC). We combined non-aqueous reversed-phase (NARP) chromatography as the first dimension separation, 1D, with argentation UHPLC for separation based on degree and location of unsaturation in the first second dimension, 2D(1), and multi-cycle NARP-UHPLC in the second second dimension, 2D(2). Pulses contained 1.9% to 2.7% lipids, except garbanzo beans, which contained 6.2% lipids. High-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was used to perform lipidomic analysis of the 2D(2) and percent relative quantification, showing that the most abundant average triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species across all pulses were PLL at 10.67% and PLLn at 10.45%. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were clustered together using principal component analysis (PCA), showing the highest levels of linolenic acid, C18:3, in molecular species such as PLnLn, LLnLn, and OLLn, with palmitic (P), C16:0, linoleic (L), 18:2, linolenic (Ln), 18:3, and oleic (O), 18:1, FAs. Calibration curves derived from interweaved sets of regioisomer standards allowed the absolute quantification of 1,2- and 1,3-regioisomers for a subset of TAGs.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3390/separations10120592
Leonie Beek, Wilhelm Barthlott, M. Mail, K. Klopp, Thomas Gries
Oil films on water are an increasingly major contamination problem worldwide. In 2020, we published a novel adsorption and transportation technology for oil–water separation based on biological role models like the floating fern Salvinia. This application provides an unexpected ability for the fast and efficient removal of oil films, particularly in ecologically important freshwater biota. A single small Bionic Oil Adsorber (BOA) with 1 m2 functional textile can collect up to 4 L of oil per hour, which equals about 100 m2 of oil film from a water surface into a collecting vessel. This is a safe, fast, and sustainable solution for the ubiquitous contaminations of, e.g., fuel oil in freshwater environments. Here, we present updated, new experimental data, and a review of the literature published since.
{"title":"Self-Driven Sustainable Oil Separation from Water Surfaces by Biomimetic Adsorbing and Transporting Materials","authors":"Leonie Beek, Wilhelm Barthlott, M. Mail, K. Klopp, Thomas Gries","doi":"10.3390/separations10120592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120592","url":null,"abstract":"Oil films on water are an increasingly major contamination problem worldwide. In 2020, we published a novel adsorption and transportation technology for oil–water separation based on biological role models like the floating fern Salvinia. This application provides an unexpected ability for the fast and efficient removal of oil films, particularly in ecologically important freshwater biota. A single small Bionic Oil Adsorber (BOA) with 1 m2 functional textile can collect up to 4 L of oil per hour, which equals about 100 m2 of oil film from a water surface into a collecting vessel. This is a safe, fast, and sustainable solution for the ubiquitous contaminations of, e.g., fuel oil in freshwater environments. Here, we present updated, new experimental data, and a review of the literature published since.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"83 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a kind of green environmental protection technology, which are widely used in sewage treatment. Traditional CWs are faced with the problem of a low treatment effect of high-concentration sewage. In recent years, biochar, as a new type of adsorption material, has been used in CWs because of its advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and wide material sources. This paper systematically summarized the characteristics of biochar and the preparation of biochar by studying the changes in microorganisms added to CWs and compared the effects of different treatment methods coupled with biochar on the treatment performance of CWs. The effects of biochar coupled with CWs on enzyme activity, functional genes, metabolites, and microbial communities were investigated. This review summarizes how different preparation methods affect the properties of biochar and how these biochar properties cause changes in the microorganisms added to CWs. It provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of pollutants in CWs.
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Effects of Biochar on Constructed Wetlands: Treatment Performance and Microorganisms","authors":"Guanlong Yu, Jiajun Huang, Huifang Chen, Jundan Chen, Shiyong Ge, Jiaxin Liu, Dian Zhen","doi":"10.3390/separations10120593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120593","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a kind of green environmental protection technology, which are widely used in sewage treatment. Traditional CWs are faced with the problem of a low treatment effect of high-concentration sewage. In recent years, biochar, as a new type of adsorption material, has been used in CWs because of its advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and wide material sources. This paper systematically summarized the characteristics of biochar and the preparation of biochar by studying the changes in microorganisms added to CWs and compared the effects of different treatment methods coupled with biochar on the treatment performance of CWs. The effects of biochar coupled with CWs on enzyme activity, functional genes, metabolites, and microbial communities were investigated. This review summarizes how different preparation methods affect the properties of biochar and how these biochar properties cause changes in the microorganisms added to CWs. It provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of pollutants in CWs.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"19 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock and poultry farming, as a crucial component of agricultural production, poses a substantial threat to the ecological environment due to the discharge of wastewater. In recent years, researchers have proposed various resource treatment technologies for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. However, a comprehensive discussion regarding the limitations and avenues for optimizing resource utilization technologies for livestock and poultry farming wastewater treatment is notably absent in existing literature. This paper takes swine wastewater as an illustrative case and undertakes a review of the advantages, disadvantages, and optimization directions of resource treatment technologies, including physical and chemical technology, microbial metabolism, microbial electrochemistry, constructed wetlands, and microalgae-based techniques. Based on mass balance, the recovery rates of various treatment technologies are estimated, and it was found that microbial electrochemistry and constructed wetland techniques may become the mainstream for resource utilization in the future. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes that in addition to resource efficiency, the optimization of resource utilization technologies for swine wastewater should also focus on the following aspects: (1) striking a balance between environmental impact and economic benefits; (2) reducing the cost of resource and energy utilization; and (3) safeguarding environmental and ecological security.
{"title":"Resource and Energy Utilization of Swine Wastewater Treatment: Recent Progress and Future Directions","authors":"Xiangwei Meng, Ming Jin, Qianzi Feng, Aiqi Sha, Shunwen Bai, Xinyue Zhao","doi":"10.3390/separations10120591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10120591","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock and poultry farming, as a crucial component of agricultural production, poses a substantial threat to the ecological environment due to the discharge of wastewater. In recent years, researchers have proposed various resource treatment technologies for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. However, a comprehensive discussion regarding the limitations and avenues for optimizing resource utilization technologies for livestock and poultry farming wastewater treatment is notably absent in existing literature. This paper takes swine wastewater as an illustrative case and undertakes a review of the advantages, disadvantages, and optimization directions of resource treatment technologies, including physical and chemical technology, microbial metabolism, microbial electrochemistry, constructed wetlands, and microalgae-based techniques. Based on mass balance, the recovery rates of various treatment technologies are estimated, and it was found that microbial electrochemistry and constructed wetland techniques may become the mainstream for resource utilization in the future. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes that in addition to resource efficiency, the optimization of resource utilization technologies for swine wastewater should also focus on the following aspects: (1) striking a balance between environmental impact and economic benefits; (2) reducing the cost of resource and energy utilization; and (3) safeguarding environmental and ecological security.","PeriodicalId":21833,"journal":{"name":"Separations","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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