Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.2022965
Mai Furuya, Myra Shin, Hiroyuki Masumoto, Shiho Takata, Junpei Takano, A. Matsumura
ABSTRACT Due to the rapid exhaustion of global phosphorus (P) resources, P-efficient crops are required. In this study, we used various soybean genotypes collected from around the world and investigated the morphophysiological responses of their roots to low-P conditions at the cotyledon emergence (VE), unifoliate leaves emergence (VC), and fourth trifoliate leaflet emergence (V4) growth stages. First, we compared the growth of 81 soybean genotypes under different P conditions at the VC stage. The root morphology of most genotypes did not differ according to P conditions. However, GmWMC138 showed increased root weight under low-P conditions at the VC stage, and was therefore selected for further comparative analysis with genotypes with similar seed weights. Four selected genotypes were compared in terms of their seed storage P content and responses of plant growth and phytase and acid phosphatase activities to low-P conditions at the VE and VC stages. The inorganic-P (Pi) levels and shoot growth at the VE and VC stages of GmWMC138 were less affected by low-P conditions compared to the other genotypes. In this genotype, root fresh weight at the VC stage, phytase activity in roots at the VE stage, and acid phosphatase activity in roots at the VC stage increased under low-P conditions. The differences in these enzyme activities may have led to the maintenance of root Pi content and subsequent increase in the root fresh weight at the VC stage under low-P conditions. In addition, the low-P responses of growth and P content at the V4 stage were compared among the selected genotypes. In GmWMC138, fine-root length increased and total P content was maintained under low-P conditions compared to normal-P conditions. These results imply that in soybeans morphological changes in roots in response to low-P conditions at juvenile growth stages, such as the VE and VC stages, may contribute to P-deficiency tolerance in subsequent growth stages, such as the V4 stage.
{"title":"Root response of soybean genotypes to low phosphorus availability from juvenile to adult vegetative stages","authors":"Mai Furuya, Myra Shin, Hiroyuki Masumoto, Shiho Takata, Junpei Takano, A. Matsumura","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2021.2022965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2022965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to the rapid exhaustion of global phosphorus (P) resources, P-efficient crops are required. In this study, we used various soybean genotypes collected from around the world and investigated the morphophysiological responses of their roots to low-P conditions at the cotyledon emergence (VE), unifoliate leaves emergence (VC), and fourth trifoliate leaflet emergence (V4) growth stages. First, we compared the growth of 81 soybean genotypes under different P conditions at the VC stage. The root morphology of most genotypes did not differ according to P conditions. However, GmWMC138 showed increased root weight under low-P conditions at the VC stage, and was therefore selected for further comparative analysis with genotypes with similar seed weights. Four selected genotypes were compared in terms of their seed storage P content and responses of plant growth and phytase and acid phosphatase activities to low-P conditions at the VE and VC stages. The inorganic-P (Pi) levels and shoot growth at the VE and VC stages of GmWMC138 were less affected by low-P conditions compared to the other genotypes. In this genotype, root fresh weight at the VC stage, phytase activity in roots at the VE stage, and acid phosphatase activity in roots at the VC stage increased under low-P conditions. The differences in these enzyme activities may have led to the maintenance of root Pi content and subsequent increase in the root fresh weight at the VC stage under low-P conditions. In addition, the low-P responses of growth and P content at the V4 stage were compared among the selected genotypes. In GmWMC138, fine-root length increased and total P content was maintained under low-P conditions compared to normal-P conditions. These results imply that in soybeans morphological changes in roots in response to low-P conditions at juvenile growth stages, such as the VE and VC stages, may contribute to P-deficiency tolerance in subsequent growth stages, such as the V4 stage.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"361 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85333495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.2023826
Y. Zha, J. Tang, Yang Pan
ABSTRACT Acid rain (AR) and atmospheric particulate matter (APM) are important environmental issues that often occur simultaneously in agricultural regions, the combined pollution of AR and atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) containing heavy metals has negatively affected the growth of seedlings and has become a hot research topic. In this paper, we established exposure scenarios to simulate the AR and the cadmium-containing PM2.5 (PM2.5-Cd) pollutions. Under the scenarios, hazardous impacts of AR and PM2.5-Cd on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of pakchoi were evaluated. After being exposed simulated AR and PM2.5-Cd for 21 days, our results indicate that: single treatment with either AR (pH 5.5) or PM2.5-Cd, or a combined treatment of AR (pH 5.5) and PM2.5-Cd (150, 300 μg·m−3) increased the growth of pack hoi seedlings. Combined treatments with low-acidity AR (pH 3.5) and PM2.5-Cd (500 μg·m−3), significantly decreased the growth and the Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) of pakchoi, and it also induced a significantly increase in foliar MDA content and catalase (CAT) activity, while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The Cd concentration of leaves increased with an increasing PM2.5-Cd concentration. Correlation analysis indicated that the growth and SPAD of pakchoi were highly correlated with the foliar MDA content and enzyme activities under the combined treatments with AR and PM2.5-Cd treatment. Our results might serve as a guide to increase agricultural production and food crop safety in areas with high levels of AR and PM2.5 pollution.
{"title":"The effects of simulated acid rain and cadmium-containing atmospheric fine particulate matter on the pakchoi (Brassica campestris. L) seedlings growth and physiology","authors":"Y. Zha, J. Tang, Yang Pan","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2021.2023826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2023826","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Acid rain (AR) and atmospheric particulate matter (APM) are important environmental issues that often occur simultaneously in agricultural regions, the combined pollution of AR and atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) containing heavy metals has negatively affected the growth of seedlings and has become a hot research topic. In this paper, we established exposure scenarios to simulate the AR and the cadmium-containing PM2.5 (PM2.5-Cd) pollutions. Under the scenarios, hazardous impacts of AR and PM2.5-Cd on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of pakchoi were evaluated. After being exposed simulated AR and PM2.5-Cd for 21 days, our results indicate that: single treatment with either AR (pH 5.5) or PM2.5-Cd, or a combined treatment of AR (pH 5.5) and PM2.5-Cd (150, 300 μg·m−3) increased the growth of pack hoi seedlings. Combined treatments with low-acidity AR (pH 3.5) and PM2.5-Cd (500 μg·m−3), significantly decreased the growth and the Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) of pakchoi, and it also induced a significantly increase in foliar MDA content and catalase (CAT) activity, while decreasing peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The Cd concentration of leaves increased with an increasing PM2.5-Cd concentration. Correlation analysis indicated that the growth and SPAD of pakchoi were highly correlated with the foliar MDA content and enzyme activities under the combined treatments with AR and PM2.5-Cd treatment. Our results might serve as a guide to increase agricultural production and food crop safety in areas with high levels of AR and PM2.5 pollution.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"48 1","pages":"317 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86713576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.2017235
P. N. Kusumawardani, P. Bimantara, J. Guigue, Chihiro Haga, Yuta Sasaki, V. Kautsar, S. Kimani, Toan Nguyen-Sy, Shuirong Tang, B. Purwanto, S. Utami, K. Tawaraya, Kazuaki Sugawara, W. Cheng
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of land-use and management change (LUMC) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics after 15–40 years. LUMC constituted change from rice paddies to chestnut orchard, wetland, and buckwheat upland fields in Shonai region, Yamagata Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Soil samples were collected from the top – (0–15 cm) and sub-layers (15–30 cm) for analysis of soil organic C (SOC) and its δ13C value, total N (TN), and their stocks. C decomposition (Dec-C) and net N mineralization (Net Min-N) were determined according to the production of CO2 and NH4 + + NO3 – by aerobic incubation and CO2 + CH4 and NH4 + by anaerobic incubation, respectively. The results reveal that 40 years after change from rice paddy to orchard and wetland, the SOC and TN contents in the top-layer were not significantly altered. However, in buckwheat upland fields and in the parking area where vegetation was absent, the SOC content decreased significantly. Conversion of rice paddies to amur silver grass wetland altered the soil δ13C the most, leading to an increase of 5.1‰ and 2.9‰ for the top – and sub-layers, respectively. In general, the incubation experiment results revealed that a change to orchard and wetland did not significantly decrease the Dec-C and Net Min-N. Whereas, the change from rice paddies to parking area significantly decreased the Dec-C and Net Min-N in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We conclude that LUMC over decades had various effects on the SOC and TN contents and stocks as well as their mineralization potentials.
{"title":"Carbon and nitrogen dynamics as affected by land-use and management change from original rice paddies to orchard, wetland, parking area and uplands in a mountain village located in Shonai region, Northeast Japan","authors":"P. N. Kusumawardani, P. Bimantara, J. Guigue, Chihiro Haga, Yuta Sasaki, V. Kautsar, S. Kimani, Toan Nguyen-Sy, Shuirong Tang, B. Purwanto, S. Utami, K. Tawaraya, Kazuaki Sugawara, W. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2021.2017235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2017235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of land-use and management change (LUMC) on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics after 15–40 years. LUMC constituted change from rice paddies to chestnut orchard, wetland, and buckwheat upland fields in Shonai region, Yamagata Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Soil samples were collected from the top – (0–15 cm) and sub-layers (15–30 cm) for analysis of soil organic C (SOC) and its δ13C value, total N (TN), and their stocks. C decomposition (Dec-C) and net N mineralization (Net Min-N) were determined according to the production of CO2 and NH4 + + NO3 – by aerobic incubation and CO2 + CH4 and NH4 + by anaerobic incubation, respectively. The results reveal that 40 years after change from rice paddy to orchard and wetland, the SOC and TN contents in the top-layer were not significantly altered. However, in buckwheat upland fields and in the parking area where vegetation was absent, the SOC content decreased significantly. Conversion of rice paddies to amur silver grass wetland altered the soil δ13C the most, leading to an increase of 5.1‰ and 2.9‰ for the top – and sub-layers, respectively. In general, the incubation experiment results revealed that a change to orchard and wetland did not significantly decrease the Dec-C and Net Min-N. Whereas, the change from rice paddies to parking area significantly decreased the Dec-C and Net Min-N in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We conclude that LUMC over decades had various effects on the SOC and TN contents and stocks as well as their mineralization potentials.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"2013 1","pages":"114 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72768644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.2022436
Hideo Azuma, S. Takahashi, N. Kato, K. Inubushi
ABSTRACT Paddy soils are the dominant source of nitrogen for rice via mineralization, and knowledge about the available nitrogen (AN) in paddy soil is important for rice cultivation. Although the relationship between AN and soil physicochemical parameters has been studied, no systematic studies of the relationships between AN and the soil moisture content of various soil types in Japan have been studied. Therefore, we examined the impacts of soil types and treatment of organic matter application or paddy–upland rotation on these relationships. We sampled topsoils from 30 paddy fields throughout Japan. We compared the relationships between AN and soil physicochemical properties, such as total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity, soil water-holding capacity (WHC), mass water content after harvest (MWH), and water content after harvest (WCH). The scatter diagram revealed that AN and either MWH or WCH (p < 0.01) had the highest positive linear correlation coefficient; the pattern became clearer after separating Andosols and non-Andosols. We analyzed the relationship between AN and either TN or MWH in 100 topsoils, including soils from treatment plots with successive organic matter application or paddy-upland rotation. A significantly positive correlation between AN and TN was observed, although the regression slopes for volcanic or non-volcanic soils differed. The decrease in AN due to frequent paddy–upland rotation was greater than that for TN. On the other hand, a highly positive correlation between AN and MWH was observed, and the coefficient of determination was higher than that for AN and TN. TN and the WHC increased when the accumulation of organic matter in paddy soil was greater. As there was a positive correlation between WHC and MWH, a positive correlation was also observed between AN and MWH. Additionally, we investigated year-to-year variation in MWH using topsoil samples collected before autumn tillage, for 3–5 consecutive years in 24 plots, for various soil types throughout Japan. In order to eliminate the effects of precipitation and to minimize the fluctuation of MWH in paddy topsoil, it was desirable to collect topsoil samples within 24–96 hours of the last precipitation of 1 mm h−1 or more, for the measurement of moisture content.
水稻土是水稻矿化氮的主要来源，了解水稻土有效氮(AN)对水稻种植具有重要意义。虽然对氮素与土壤理化参数的关系进行了研究，但对日本不同土壤类型的氮素与土壤含水量的关系还没有系统的研究。因此，我们研究了土壤类型和有机质施用或水旱轮作处理对这些关系的影响。我们从日本各地的30块稻田取样表层土壤。比较了硝态氮与土壤理化性质如总氮(TN)、阳离子交换量、土壤持水量(WHC)、收获后质量含水量(MWH)和收获后含水量(WCH)之间的关系。散点图显示，AN与MWH和WCH的线性正相关系数最高(p < 0.01);将安妥沙和非安妥沙分开后，这种模式更加清晰。我们分析了100种表层土壤的氮化氮与全氮或MWH的关系，包括连续施用有机质或水旱轮作处理地块的土壤。尽管火山土与非火山土的回归斜率不同，但氮化钾与全氮呈显著正相关。频繁水旱轮作对氮化钾的影响大于对全氮的影响。另一方面，氮化钾与MWH呈高度正相关，且决定系数高于全氮和全氮。随着水稻土有机质积累量的增加，全氮和总含水量也随之增加。由于WHC与MWH呈正相关，因此AN与MWH也呈正相关。此外，我们利用秋耕前收集的表层土壤样品，连续3-5年调查了日本各地不同土壤类型的24个地块的MWH的年变化。为了消除降水的影响，并尽量减少水稻表土中MWH的波动，最好在最后一次1 mm h−1或以上的降水后24-96小时内收集表土样品，用于测量水分含量。
{"title":"The mass water content of paddy soil after harvest is strongly associated with the accumulation of organic matter as the source of available nitrogen","authors":"Hideo Azuma, S. Takahashi, N. Kato, K. Inubushi","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2021.2022436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2022436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Paddy soils are the dominant source of nitrogen for rice via mineralization, and knowledge about the available nitrogen (AN) in paddy soil is important for rice cultivation. Although the relationship between AN and soil physicochemical parameters has been studied, no systematic studies of the relationships between AN and the soil moisture content of various soil types in Japan have been studied. Therefore, we examined the impacts of soil types and treatment of organic matter application or paddy–upland rotation on these relationships. We sampled topsoils from 30 paddy fields throughout Japan. We compared the relationships between AN and soil physicochemical properties, such as total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity, soil water-holding capacity (WHC), mass water content after harvest (MWH), and water content after harvest (WCH). The scatter diagram revealed that AN and either MWH or WCH (p < 0.01) had the highest positive linear correlation coefficient; the pattern became clearer after separating Andosols and non-Andosols. We analyzed the relationship between AN and either TN or MWH in 100 topsoils, including soils from treatment plots with successive organic matter application or paddy-upland rotation. A significantly positive correlation between AN and TN was observed, although the regression slopes for volcanic or non-volcanic soils differed. The decrease in AN due to frequent paddy–upland rotation was greater than that for TN. On the other hand, a highly positive correlation between AN and MWH was observed, and the coefficient of determination was higher than that for AN and TN. TN and the WHC increased when the accumulation of organic matter in paddy soil was greater. As there was a positive correlation between WHC and MWH, a positive correlation was also observed between AN and MWH. Additionally, we investigated year-to-year variation in MWH using topsoil samples collected before autumn tillage, for 3–5 consecutive years in 24 plots, for various soil types throughout Japan. In order to eliminate the effects of precipitation and to minimize the fluctuation of MWH in paddy topsoil, it was desirable to collect topsoil samples within 24–96 hours of the last precipitation of 1 mm h−1 or more, for the measurement of moisture content.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"66 1","pages":"215 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77330236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2039985
W. Cheng
Rockstrom et al. (2009) proposed ‘Planetary Boundaries’ which is a concept involving Earth system processes that contain environmental boundaries. In the framework, nitrogen (N) cycle, rate of biodiversity loss and climate change have been transgressed by humanity already. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) established the global agenda for sustainable development until 2030 and defined it as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including 17 specified goals with 169 targets. Many goals were related to land use and management changes (LUMC) with carbon (C) and N dynamics among atmospherebiosphere-pedosphere systems with agricultural activities, such as Zero Hunger (Goal 2), Climate Action (Goal 13), Life on Land (Goal 13) and so on (https://www.undp.org/sustainabledevelopment-goals). Soils could be C sinks or sources depending on climate, land use and management changes (CLUMC) in different plant-soil ecosystems. Soil N and its dynamics not only affect plant growth and crop production but also control soil C sequestration. Thus, C and N dynamics affected by CLUMC in terrestrial ecosystems contribute not only to global and local environmental problems, including global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain, and eutrophication, but also to changes in soil fertility and crop production related to human sustainable development (Cheng 2020). Many of our colleagues around the world are studying the C and N dynamics by CLUMC in different regions and countries with various ecosystems. We need to share our knowledge and learn from each other researches and discuss how to do the next studies for the UN-SDGs. Therefore, we have held the ‘International Symposium on C and N Dynamics by Land Use and Management Changes in East and Southeast Asian Countries’ on September 10–12, 2018 in Tsuruoka campus, Yamagata University, Japan, and published a special section in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (SSPN) titled as ‘Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics by land use and management changes in East and Southeast Asian countries (Soil C and N by LUMC).’ There were 20 papers in the special section, including 4 review papers and 16 original articles (Cheng 2020). Many papers in the special section have been cited many times during the last 2 years. Two years late, we planed the second international symposium for similar topics on September 28–30, 2020 in Tsuruoka, Japan again. Since the outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic around the world from January 2020, we could not invite and receive guests from foreign countries. Therefore, we decided to hold an International Online Symposium (IOS) on Soil C and N Dynamics by Land Use, Management, and Climate Changes. In this virtual symposium, a total 56 of our colleagues in 14 countries around the world participated and presented their newest research results in this IOS (Figure 1). More than 80 young students in many universities have joined the IOS to learn the front knowledge in the world (Figure 2). The IOS also celebrated
Rockstrom等人(2009)提出了“行星边界”，这是一个涉及包含环境边界的地球系统过程的概念。在该框架下，氮循环、生物多样性丧失速度和气候变化已经被人类超越。2015年，联合国制定了至2030年全球可持续发展议程，并将其定义为可持续发展目标(sdg)，其中包括17个具体目标和169个具体目标。许多目标与土地利用和管理变化(LUMC)以及大气-生物圈-土壤系统与农业活动之间的碳(C)和氮动态有关，例如零饥饿(目标2)、气候行动(目标13)、陆地生命(目标13)等(https://www.undp.org/sustainabledevelopment-goals)。在不同的植物-土壤生态系统中，土壤可以是碳汇或碳源，这取决于气候、土地利用和管理变化。土壤氮及其动态不仅影响植物生长和作物生产，还控制着土壤碳的固存。因此，陆地生态系统中受clocl影响的C和N动态不仅会导致全球变暖、臭氧层破坏、酸雨和富营养化等全球和局部环境问题，还会影响与人类可持续发展相关的土壤肥力和作物生产的变化(Cheng 2020)。我们在世界各地的许多同事都在研究不同地区和国家不同生态系统的碳氮动态。我们需要分享我们的知识，相互学习研究，并讨论如何为联合国可持续发展目标做下一步的研究。因此，我们于2018年9月10日至12日在日本山形大学Tsuruoka校区举办了“东亚和东南亚国家土地利用和管理变化引起的碳氮动态国际研讨会”，并在土壤科学与植物营养学(SSPN)上发表了题为“东亚和东南亚国家土地利用和管理变化引起的土壤碳氮动态(Soil C and N by LUMC)”的专题文章。专区共收录论文20篇，其中综述文章4篇，原创文章16篇(Cheng 2020)。在过去的两年中，该专区的许多论文被多次引用。两年后，我们计划于2020年9月28日至30日再次在日本鹤冈举办第二届类似主题的国际研讨会。自2020年1月起，新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内爆发，我们无法邀请和接待外国客人。因此，我们决定召开“土地利用、管理和气候变化对土壤C和N动态的影响”国际在线研讨会(IOS)。在这个虚拟研讨会上，总共56个同事在全球14个国家参与和展示了他们最新的研究成果IOS(图1)。超过80名年轻学生在许多大学也加入了IOS学习前面的知识世界上(图2)。IOS还庆祝教授滨INUBUSHI将正式退出千叶大学在2021年3月自世界各地的许多他以前的学生加入IOS在一起甚至COVID-19大流行期间。由于IOS中提出的许多研究都是有价值的、原创的，但尚未发表，因此我们在SSPN中专门组织了一个章节“土壤C和N对气候、土地利用和管理变化的响应(Soil C, N and clocl)”。此外，我们还收集了来自世界各地未参加研讨会的同事的相关原创论文。最终，我们接受了20篇论文，其中综述论文2篇，原创论文18篇，发表在Soil C, N and clocl专区。人类活动产生的温室气体(GHG)排放正在导致包括全球变暖在内的气候变化。减缓气候变化需要减少这些排放。许多国家的政府宣称他们将在2050年左右实现碳中和(净零碳排放)。当人类活动释放的所有温室气体(二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、一氧化二氮(N2O)等)排放通过从大气中去除温室气体(称为碳去除过程)得到平衡时，将实现净零排放。由于森林是大气中温室气体的一个非常重要的汇，我们需要了解森林减缓气候变化的真正潜力。在本专题中，Sase等人(2022)回顾了日本中部地区长期调查的国内和跨界空气污染对大气中活性氮(Nr)的影响及其动态。目前大气中溶解的无机氮仍然很高，超过10 kg ha /年，这意味着碳的固存、CH4的吸收和N2O的排放可能受到Nr沉降的影响。Xu(2022)通过室内和野外测量回顾了冻融扰动对东亚森林土壤C、N动态和温室气体通量的影响。 他的回顾表明，冻融干扰主要是增加的浓度和淋溶通量
{"title":"Preface to the special section ‘Soil C and N response to climate, land-use and management changes (Soil C, N and CLUMC)’","authors":"W. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2039985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2039985","url":null,"abstract":"Rockstrom et al. (2009) proposed ‘Planetary Boundaries’ which is a concept involving Earth system processes that contain environmental boundaries. In the framework, nitrogen (N) cycle, rate of biodiversity loss and climate change have been transgressed by humanity already. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) established the global agenda for sustainable development until 2030 and defined it as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including 17 specified goals with 169 targets. Many goals were related to land use and management changes (LUMC) with carbon (C) and N dynamics among atmospherebiosphere-pedosphere systems with agricultural activities, such as Zero Hunger (Goal 2), Climate Action (Goal 13), Life on Land (Goal 13) and so on (https://www.undp.org/sustainabledevelopment-goals). Soils could be C sinks or sources depending on climate, land use and management changes (CLUMC) in different plant-soil ecosystems. Soil N and its dynamics not only affect plant growth and crop production but also control soil C sequestration. Thus, C and N dynamics affected by CLUMC in terrestrial ecosystems contribute not only to global and local environmental problems, including global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, acid rain, and eutrophication, but also to changes in soil fertility and crop production related to human sustainable development (Cheng 2020). Many of our colleagues around the world are studying the C and N dynamics by CLUMC in different regions and countries with various ecosystems. We need to share our knowledge and learn from each other researches and discuss how to do the next studies for the UN-SDGs. Therefore, we have held the ‘International Symposium on C and N Dynamics by Land Use and Management Changes in East and Southeast Asian Countries’ on September 10–12, 2018 in Tsuruoka campus, Yamagata University, Japan, and published a special section in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (SSPN) titled as ‘Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics by land use and management changes in East and Southeast Asian countries (Soil C and N by LUMC).’ There were 20 papers in the special section, including 4 review papers and 16 original articles (Cheng 2020). Many papers in the special section have been cited many times during the last 2 years. Two years late, we planed the second international symposium for similar topics on September 28–30, 2020 in Tsuruoka, Japan again. Since the outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic around the world from January 2020, we could not invite and receive guests from foreign countries. Therefore, we decided to hold an International Online Symposium (IOS) on Soil C and N Dynamics by Land Use, Management, and Climate Changes. In this virtual symposium, a total 56 of our colleagues in 14 countries around the world participated and presented their newest research results in this IOS (Figure 1). More than 80 young students in many universities have joined the IOS to learn the front knowledge in the world (Figure 2). The IOS also celebrated","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89193582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2021.2022437
K. Inubushi, Yutaro Kakiuchi, Chiaki Suzuki, M. Sato, S. Ushiwata, M. Matsushima
ABSTRACT Microplastics cause environmental problems. Biodegradable plastics have become popular because they aim to avoid such problems. However, their decomposition in the soil may have an impact. This study aims to investigate the effects of biodegradable plastics on the physicochemical properties of soil, specifically the production of CO2 and N2O in the soil and plant growth. Three kinds of biodegradable plastics in the forms of 1) nonwoven fabric sheets made of poly-lactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene-succinate (referred to hereafter as fabric), 2) laminate sheets made of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and pulp (hereafter laminate), and 3) drinking cups made of PLA (hereafter cup), were cut into small pieces (<5 mm), added to soil, then water-holding capacity was determined and incubated aerobically for 4 weeks at 30°C in the dark. Soil and gas samples were collected weekly to measure soil pH, nitrate-nitrogen content, CO2, and N2O productions. These plastics were also tested in a pot experiment with Komatsuna (Brassica napa var. perviridis). We tested for seed germination, plant growth, leaf color, and fresh weight at harvest. Results showed that the water retention capacity was higher in the fabric plastics as compared to the cup plastics and the control. Soil pH with the fabric plastics dropped during the initial 2 weeks of incubation, then recovered to a similar pH to the control (without plastic). Nitrate contents in the soil with laminate plastics were lower than those in the control, while CO2 production in the soil with the laminate plastics was higher than that in the control and the other plastics during the incubation period, and even higher than the one of added plastic-C. N2O was produced rapidly within 1 week of incubation in the soil with the laminate plastics, and cumulative N2O production from incubation was more than that of the control. The seed germination and plant growth tended to be suppressed in the pot experiment with the fabric and laminate plastics. The results indicate that the influence of these biodegradable plastics on soil properties, greenhouse gas production, and plant growth on the kind of plastic and the timing.
{"title":"Effects of biodegradable plastics on soil properties and greenhouse gas production","authors":"K. Inubushi, Yutaro Kakiuchi, Chiaki Suzuki, M. Sato, S. Ushiwata, M. Matsushima","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2021.2022437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2022437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microplastics cause environmental problems. Biodegradable plastics have become popular because they aim to avoid such problems. However, their decomposition in the soil may have an impact. This study aims to investigate the effects of biodegradable plastics on the physicochemical properties of soil, specifically the production of CO2 and N2O in the soil and plant growth. Three kinds of biodegradable plastics in the forms of 1) nonwoven fabric sheets made of poly-lactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene-succinate (referred to hereafter as fabric), 2) laminate sheets made of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and pulp (hereafter laminate), and 3) drinking cups made of PLA (hereafter cup), were cut into small pieces (<5 mm), added to soil, then water-holding capacity was determined and incubated aerobically for 4 weeks at 30°C in the dark. Soil and gas samples were collected weekly to measure soil pH, nitrate-nitrogen content, CO2, and N2O productions. These plastics were also tested in a pot experiment with Komatsuna (Brassica napa var. perviridis). We tested for seed germination, plant growth, leaf color, and fresh weight at harvest. Results showed that the water retention capacity was higher in the fabric plastics as compared to the cup plastics and the control. Soil pH with the fabric plastics dropped during the initial 2 weeks of incubation, then recovered to a similar pH to the control (without plastic). Nitrate contents in the soil with laminate plastics were lower than those in the control, while CO2 production in the soil with the laminate plastics was higher than that in the control and the other plastics during the incubation period, and even higher than the one of added plastic-C. N2O was produced rapidly within 1 week of incubation in the soil with the laminate plastics, and cumulative N2O production from incubation was more than that of the control. The seed germination and plant growth tended to be suppressed in the pot experiment with the fabric and laminate plastics. The results indicate that the influence of these biodegradable plastics on soil properties, greenhouse gas production, and plant growth on the kind of plastic and the timing.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"106 1","pages":"183 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85994401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2029219
A. Arthur, S. Acquaye, W. Cheng, J. A. Dogbatse, Sampson Konlan, O. Domfeh, A. Quaye
ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon and main nutrient stocks play key roles in maintaining soil fertility and yields of agricultural crops including cocoa (Theobroma cacao). The amount of nutrients removed from the soil by the cocoa trees could be influenced by its physiological growth stage. A study was carried out to examine the changes in some soil physical and chemical properties with main nutrients availabilities under cocoa plantations at the Cocoa Research Institute in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Cocoa plantations of different ages (5, 10, 14, 18 and 23 years) were chosen based on similar land history. Soils at the study sites are classified as Xanthic Ferralsol (WRB series). On each plantation, one acre (0.4ha) plot was demarcated and divided into three blocks for soil sampling. Five core samples were taken at 0–15 cm depth per block, bulked together and subsample taken to the laboratory for analyses. Particle size analyses showed that all soils were of sandy loam texture. All soils were acidic with pH below 5.5, relatively low exchangeable K and Ca. Bulk density values varied with ages at highest in 18 years. Soils under 23 years old plantations had relatively lower bulk density than those of the other ages. Total nitrogen content under the 5, 10, and 18 years of cocoa plantations was below the critical values considered adequate for good cocoa growth. Soil carbon stock and available phosphorus content of the soil generally tend to increase with age of the cocoa plantations. These differential variations in the soil nutrients, namely, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg among five different cocoa plantation ages suggest that total nitrogen, available P, and exchangeable Mg were higher than the critical levels for good cocoa growth under 23 years of cocoa plantations only, but exchangeable K and Ca were lower the critical levels for all ages of cocoa plantations.
{"title":"Soil carbon stocks and main nutrients under cocoa plantations of different ages","authors":"A. Arthur, S. Acquaye, W. Cheng, J. A. Dogbatse, Sampson Konlan, O. Domfeh, A. Quaye","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2029219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2029219","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon and main nutrient stocks play key roles in maintaining soil fertility and yields of agricultural crops including cocoa (Theobroma cacao). The amount of nutrients removed from the soil by the cocoa trees could be influenced by its physiological growth stage. A study was carried out to examine the changes in some soil physical and chemical properties with main nutrients availabilities under cocoa plantations at the Cocoa Research Institute in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Cocoa plantations of different ages (5, 10, 14, 18 and 23 years) were chosen based on similar land history. Soils at the study sites are classified as Xanthic Ferralsol (WRB series). On each plantation, one acre (0.4ha) plot was demarcated and divided into three blocks for soil sampling. Five core samples were taken at 0–15 cm depth per block, bulked together and subsample taken to the laboratory for analyses. Particle size analyses showed that all soils were of sandy loam texture. All soils were acidic with pH below 5.5, relatively low exchangeable K and Ca. Bulk density values varied with ages at highest in 18 years. Soils under 23 years old plantations had relatively lower bulk density than those of the other ages. Total nitrogen content under the 5, 10, and 18 years of cocoa plantations was below the critical values considered adequate for good cocoa growth. Soil carbon stock and available phosphorus content of the soil generally tend to increase with age of the cocoa plantations. These differential variations in the soil nutrients, namely, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg among five different cocoa plantation ages suggest that total nitrogen, available P, and exchangeable Mg were higher than the critical levels for good cocoa growth under 23 years of cocoa plantations only, but exchangeable K and Ca were lower the critical levels for all ages of cocoa plantations.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"61 1","pages":"99 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84558801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2032334
Yahya Mohammed Aljerib, M. Geng, Peidong Xu, Donghui Li, M. S. Rana, Qiang Zhu
ABSTRACT Incorporation of crop residues into the soil provides essential nutrients and increases carbon stocks, which also increases greenhouse gas emissions from the soil. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) at different mixing rations on the dynamics of nutrient mineralization and the emissions of CO2 and CH4. The Fluvo-aquic paddy soil was collected and mixed with crop residues at 20 g kg−1 soil and incubated for 187 days. The CMV and RS were incorporated with the ratios of 100%:0% (M100), 75%:25% (M75S25), 50%:50% (M50S50), 25%:75% (M25S75), and 0%:100% (S100), respectively. Results showed soil total nitrogen (N) concentrations were higher with the higher proportion of CMV in the mixing residues. At 8 days of incubation (DOI), both soil available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were greater in treatments with the higher ratio of RS, but there were no significant differences among M75S25, M50S50, M25S75, and S100 at and after 37 DOI. The CO2 emission rate of M100 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 8 and 12 DOI. Even though the CH4 emission rate of M50S50 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 8 DOI, S100 resulted in the significantly higher cumulative production of CH4 after 22 DOI. Predicted from the exponential regression models, S100 had the highest CO2-C and CH4-C mineralization potentials. Additionally, the M50S50 treatment resulted in 3.7%-54.7% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration than other treatments at the end of the incubation. In summary, the mixing ratio of 1:1 was recommended for the co-incorporation of CMV and RS by considering both the nutrients availability and the greenhouse gas emissions.
作物秸秆进入土壤提供必需的养分，增加碳储量，这也增加了土壤的温室气体排放。本试验旨在研究紫云英(CMV)与水稻秸秆(RS)在不同配比下混施对土壤养分矿化动态及CO2和CH4排放的影响。收集潮水水稻土，以20 g kg - 1土壤与作物残茬混合，孵育187天。CMV和RS分别以100%:0% (M100)、75%:25% (M75S25)、50%:50% (M50S50)、25%:75% (M25S75)和0%:100% (S100)的比例掺入。结果表明:土壤全氮(N)浓度随着CMV在混合残留物中所占比例的增加而增加。在培养8 d (DOI)时，土壤速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)浓度在RS比较高的处理中均较高，但在37 DOI时和之后，M75S25、M50S50、M25S75和S100之间差异不显著。在DOI 8和12时，M100处理的CO2排放率显著高于其他处理。尽管在8个DOI时，M50S50处理的CH4排放速率显著高于其他处理，但在22个DOI后，S100处理的CH4累积产量显著高于其他处理。指数回归模型预测，S100区CO2-C和CH4-C矿化电位最高。此外，在培养结束时，M50S50处理的微生物生物量碳(MBC)浓度比其他处理高3.7% ~ 54.7%。综上所述，综合考虑养分利用率和温室气体排放，推荐CMV和RS共掺入比例为1:1。
{"title":"Equivalent incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw enhanced nutrient mineralization and reduced greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Yahya Mohammed Aljerib, M. Geng, Peidong Xu, Donghui Li, M. S. Rana, Qiang Zhu","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2032334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2032334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Incorporation of crop residues into the soil provides essential nutrients and increases carbon stocks, which also increases greenhouse gas emissions from the soil. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) at different mixing rations on the dynamics of nutrient mineralization and the emissions of CO2 and CH4. The Fluvo-aquic paddy soil was collected and mixed with crop residues at 20 g kg−1 soil and incubated for 187 days. The CMV and RS were incorporated with the ratios of 100%:0% (M100), 75%:25% (M75S25), 50%:50% (M50S50), 25%:75% (M25S75), and 0%:100% (S100), respectively. Results showed soil total nitrogen (N) concentrations were higher with the higher proportion of CMV in the mixing residues. At 8 days of incubation (DOI), both soil available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were greater in treatments with the higher ratio of RS, but there were no significant differences among M75S25, M50S50, M25S75, and S100 at and after 37 DOI. The CO2 emission rate of M100 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 8 and 12 DOI. Even though the CH4 emission rate of M50S50 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 8 DOI, S100 resulted in the significantly higher cumulative production of CH4 after 22 DOI. Predicted from the exponential regression models, S100 had the highest CO2-C and CH4-C mineralization potentials. Additionally, the M50S50 treatment resulted in 3.7%-54.7% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration than other treatments at the end of the incubation. In summary, the mixing ratio of 1:1 was recommended for the co-incorporation of CMV and RS by considering both the nutrients availability and the greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"167 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80326391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2031285
S. Mardegan, A. D. de Castro, S. S. F. Chaves, Richardson Sandro dos Santos Freitas, Manoela Sena Avelar, F. S. O. Filho
ABSTRACT The expansion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq, Arecaceae) crops threatens tropical rainforests. It negatively impacts a series of ecosystem services and functions, including carbon (C) sequestration and dynamics, as well as nutrient cycling. Such negative impacts have pressured companies to adopt conservationist practices in palm oil production. And yet the conversion from conventional to organic farming has gained space in the last decade, studies assessing the effects of organic oil palm crops on ecosystem functioning are still scarce. Here, we assessed how alternative farming practices affect organic matter dynamics in oil palm crops. We compared oil palm crops under conventional (CP) and organic (OP) farming in Southeast Amazon. We also sampled lowland dense ombrophilous forest (floresta densa de terra firme, FT) as reference. Soils were sampled at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depth intervals to determine soil physical–chemical properties and C and nitrogen (N) concentrations and stocks. The highest soil C and N concentrations were found at 0–10 cm interval in CP and OP. We detected no variation in soil C and N stocks within depth intervals in FT and CP, while OP had higher soil C and N stocks at the 0–10 cm interval. When comparing OP and CP crops, soil C concentrations and stocks did not vary within zones or depth intervals. All OP zones had higher soil N concentrations and stocks than their conventional counterparts, and we found a variation within depth intervals. Our results show that organic farming has positively influenced organic matter dynamics. Organic oil palm crops preserved and even increased C and N sequestration.
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