Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2141052
Thanh Tung Nguyen, Y. Sasaki, Misa Aizawa, K. Kakuda, Hiroshi Fujii
ABSTRACT Potassium (K) fertilizer consumption in rice production has increased in developing countries where negative K balance was observed, but it has recently decreased in Japan. This situation raises a question of how K fertilization is managed in Japanese paddy fields and how it affects soil K balance and soil K status. Rice straw (RS) is a good source of K, and RS recycling after harvesting is a common practice in Japan. However, in mixed crop–livestock systems, RS is taken at harvesting time to use as the feed for cows and substituted with the application of cow dung compost (CDC) to the fields. We investigated soil K balance and soil K status in 8 (2017) and 10 (2018) pairs of adjacent RS- and CDC-treated fields in Mamurogawa, Yamagata, Japan. The K balance was calculated from K inputs (RS or CDC, fertilizer, and irrigation water) and K outputs (plant uptake and leaching). K fertilizer application varied widely in both treatments, with no significant difference between RS and CDC fields. K fertilizer was applied in amounts lower than those recommended for paddy rice in the study area in 56% of the fields in both treatments. The K balance was positive in most fields with RS recycling even if K fertilizer application was lower than recommended, but it was negative in half of the fields where RS was substituted with CDC. Most fields in the RS treatment had higher soil exchangeable K than the standard value for fertile soil. Therefore, K input through RS is sufficient for maintaining positive K balance, whereas K input in the CDC treatment from CDC or fertilizer may need to be increased to ensure positive K balance.
{"title":"Potassium balance in paddy fields under conventional rice straw recycling versus cow dung compost application in mixed crop–livestock systems in Japan","authors":"Thanh Tung Nguyen, Y. Sasaki, Misa Aizawa, K. Kakuda, Hiroshi Fujii","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2141052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2141052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Potassium (K) fertilizer consumption in rice production has increased in developing countries where negative K balance was observed, but it has recently decreased in Japan. This situation raises a question of how K fertilization is managed in Japanese paddy fields and how it affects soil K balance and soil K status. Rice straw (RS) is a good source of K, and RS recycling after harvesting is a common practice in Japan. However, in mixed crop–livestock systems, RS is taken at harvesting time to use as the feed for cows and substituted with the application of cow dung compost (CDC) to the fields. We investigated soil K balance and soil K status in 8 (2017) and 10 (2018) pairs of adjacent RS- and CDC-treated fields in Mamurogawa, Yamagata, Japan. The K balance was calculated from K inputs (RS or CDC, fertilizer, and irrigation water) and K outputs (plant uptake and leaching). K fertilizer application varied widely in both treatments, with no significant difference between RS and CDC fields. K fertilizer was applied in amounts lower than those recommended for paddy rice in the study area in 56% of the fields in both treatments. The K balance was positive in most fields with RS recycling even if K fertilizer application was lower than recommended, but it was negative in half of the fields where RS was substituted with CDC. Most fields in the RS treatment had higher soil exchangeable K than the standard value for fertile soil. Therefore, K input through RS is sufficient for maintaining positive K balance, whereas K input in the CDC treatment from CDC or fertilizer may need to be increased to ensure positive K balance.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"36 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2136929
Hobimiarantsoa Rakotonindrina, N. Moritsuka, K. Kawamura, Y. Tsujimoto, T. Nishigaki, Haja Bruce Andrianary, T. Razafimbelo, H. Razakamanarivo, A. Andriamananjara
ABSTRACT Accurate assessments of soil properties are required to improve fertilizer management practices for crop production. Conventional chemical analysis in the laboratory is costly and time-consuming. Soil color is related to different soil compositions, while soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) has been found to reflect the abundance of magnetic minerals relevant to soil properties. Improving proximal sensing techniques for the analysis of soil color and MS provides opportunities for affordable and rapid assessments of soil properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of soil color parameters and MS values to predict soil properties using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest (RF), and nonlinear regression approaches in lowland and upland fields in the central highlands of Madagascar. The target properties included the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), oxalate-extractable phosphorus and iron (Feox), and the soil texture. The model prediction accuracy was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ). The use of soil color parameters yielded an acceptable prediction accuracy of the Feox content (loge Feox) for all rice fields (R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 0.55, RPIQ = 1.70) using the RF algorithm, while the SMLR approach gave the most accurate prediction for upland fields with acceptable reliabilities for SOC, Feox, and clay and sand content prediction, with R2 ranging from 0.43 to 0.67 and RPIQ from 1.63 to 1.77. In lowland fields, TN content was predicted with acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.34, RMSE = 0.49, RPIQ = 1.71) using SMLR with the color parameter. The combination of the soil color parameters with the MS value as predictor variables increased SOC prediction for lowland fields using the RF approach (R2 = 0.57, RMSE = 6.37, RPIQ = 1.96). Use of the soil color and MS parameters was revealed to be a promising way to simplify the assessment of soil properties in upland and lowland ecosystems by using RF and SMLR approaches. A combined use of the soil color and MS parameters improved the prediction accuracy for the SOC content.
{"title":"Prediction of the soil properties of Malagasy rice soils based on the soil color and magnetic susceptibility","authors":"Hobimiarantsoa Rakotonindrina, N. Moritsuka, K. Kawamura, Y. Tsujimoto, T. Nishigaki, Haja Bruce Andrianary, T. Razafimbelo, H. Razakamanarivo, A. Andriamananjara","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2136929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2136929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accurate assessments of soil properties are required to improve fertilizer management practices for crop production. Conventional chemical analysis in the laboratory is costly and time-consuming. Soil color is related to different soil compositions, while soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) has been found to reflect the abundance of magnetic minerals relevant to soil properties. Improving proximal sensing techniques for the analysis of soil color and MS provides opportunities for affordable and rapid assessments of soil properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of soil color parameters and MS values to predict soil properties using stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest (RF), and nonlinear regression approaches in lowland and upland fields in the central highlands of Madagascar. The target properties included the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), oxalate-extractable phosphorus and iron (Feox), and the soil texture. The model prediction accuracy was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ). The use of soil color parameters yielded an acceptable prediction accuracy of the Feox content (loge Feox) for all rice fields (R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 0.55, RPIQ = 1.70) using the RF algorithm, while the SMLR approach gave the most accurate prediction for upland fields with acceptable reliabilities for SOC, Feox, and clay and sand content prediction, with R2 ranging from 0.43 to 0.67 and RPIQ from 1.63 to 1.77. In lowland fields, TN content was predicted with acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.34, RMSE = 0.49, RPIQ = 1.71) using SMLR with the color parameter. The combination of the soil color parameters with the MS value as predictor variables increased SOC prediction for lowland fields using the RF approach (R2 = 0.57, RMSE = 6.37, RPIQ = 1.96). Use of the soil color and MS parameters was revealed to be a promising way to simplify the assessment of soil properties in upland and lowland ecosystems by using RF and SMLR approaches. A combined use of the soil color and MS parameters improved the prediction accuracy for the SOC content.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"24 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86857376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2137694
M. Tani, Rintaro Kinoshita, D. Aiuchi, J. Palta
ABSTRACT In Japan, little has been reported on cadmium (Cd) concentration in upland soils, and its relation to Cd concentration in crops and vegetables other than rice. Cd concentration in the surface soils and potato tubers of growers’ fields in two main potato production areas in Japan with contrasting soil types (Andisols and Inceptisols) was investigated. Soil and tuber samples were obtained from 90 growers’ fields with variable management histories. Total and Mehlich-3 soil Cd concentration were determined, and Cd concentration in the peeled potato tubers was also measured. A significant positive correlation was found between total Cd and phosphorous concentration in the soils reflecting the historical heavy application of phosphate fertilizer in both soil types. Although the total Cd concentration was much higher in Andisols, the Mehlich-3 Cd as well as tuber Cd concentration was lower in Andisols than in the Inceptisols, suggesting that Cd in Andisols may be specifically adsorbed by humic substances and amorphous clay minerals. The Cd concentration of the peeled potatoes in all samples was less than 100 μg kg−1 fresh weight below the threshold set by the Codex Alimentarius guidelines. The Cd concentration in the tubers tended to be higher when the soil phosphate retention index and base saturation were lower, and this tendency was stronger when both conditions are satisfied. Differences in soil properties and not the total soil Cd concentration were the dominant factor affecting potato tuber Cd accumulation. It is quite possible to reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizer appropriately to minimize the accumulation of Cd in both soil types as well as by increasing the soil base saturation to suppress the transfer of Cd from the soils to the potato tubers is especially important in the Inceptisols.
在日本，关于旱地土壤镉(Cd)浓度及其与水稻以外作物和蔬菜镉浓度的关系的报道很少。研究了日本两个马铃薯主产区不同土壤类型(andiols和Inceptisols)的土壤表层土壤和马铃薯块茎中镉的含量。土壤和块茎样本来自90个不同管理历史的种植者的田地。测定了土壤总镉和Mehlich-3镉含量，并测定了马铃薯去皮块茎中镉含量。土壤中总Cd与磷浓度呈显著正相关，反映了两种土壤类型历史上大量施用磷肥。虽然土壤中Cd的总浓度要高得多，但土壤中mehlich - 3cd和块茎Cd的浓度却比土壤中低，说明土壤中的Cd可能被腐殖质和无定形粘土矿物特异性吸附。所有样品中去皮马铃薯的Cd浓度均低于100 μg kg - 1鲜重，低于食品法典准则规定的阈值。土壤磷保持指数和碱饱和度越低，块茎中Cd浓度越高，两者同时满足时这种趋势更强。影响马铃薯块茎Cd积累的主要因素不是土壤总镉浓度，而是土壤性质的差异。适当减少磷肥的用量，以尽量减少两种土壤类型中镉的积累，以及通过增加土壤基饱和度来抑制镉从土壤向马铃薯块茎的转移，这在初期土壤中是非常重要的。
{"title":"Cadmium in soils and potato tubers under grower management in two contrasting soil types of Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"M. Tani, Rintaro Kinoshita, D. Aiuchi, J. Palta","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2137694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2137694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Japan, little has been reported on cadmium (Cd) concentration in upland soils, and its relation to Cd concentration in crops and vegetables other than rice. Cd concentration in the surface soils and potato tubers of growers’ fields in two main potato production areas in Japan with contrasting soil types (Andisols and Inceptisols) was investigated. Soil and tuber samples were obtained from 90 growers’ fields with variable management histories. Total and Mehlich-3 soil Cd concentration were determined, and Cd concentration in the peeled potato tubers was also measured. A significant positive correlation was found between total Cd and phosphorous concentration in the soils reflecting the historical heavy application of phosphate fertilizer in both soil types. Although the total Cd concentration was much higher in Andisols, the Mehlich-3 Cd as well as tuber Cd concentration was lower in Andisols than in the Inceptisols, suggesting that Cd in Andisols may be specifically adsorbed by humic substances and amorphous clay minerals. The Cd concentration of the peeled potatoes in all samples was less than 100 μg kg−1 fresh weight below the threshold set by the Codex Alimentarius guidelines. The Cd concentration in the tubers tended to be higher when the soil phosphate retention index and base saturation were lower, and this tendency was stronger when both conditions are satisfied. Differences in soil properties and not the total soil Cd concentration were the dominant factor affecting potato tuber Cd accumulation. It is quite possible to reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizer appropriately to minimize the accumulation of Cd in both soil types as well as by increasing the soil base saturation to suppress the transfer of Cd from the soils to the potato tubers is especially important in the Inceptisols.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86600778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2132454
Yoshinori, Takahashic
572, 850, and 518 kg-CO 2 eq with high, medium, and low moisture content, respectively. Thus, with low moisture content, emissions were reduced by 9.4% and 39.1% compared with those when moisture content was high and medium, respectively. These results indicate that composting by actively mixing wheat straw into dairy manure to adjust moisture content can lead to swollen and softened compost and accelerated fermentation, which could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms. paddy sites. Comparison by landform revealed a wide variety of trends in soil-type differences, but specific trends, similar to those detected for land use, were not found. Thus, the nation-wide reformation into well-drained paddy fields has apparently lowered the position of the groundwater gley horizon, chan-ging Gley Lowland soils into other soil types, such as Gray Lowland soils. We propose that the present land-use type is an important factor for determining the degree of soil-type change from Gley Lowland soils to other soil types in paddy fields. of increased nitrogen supply and improved soil physical properties, such as air permeability, water retention, and water permeability, in the main root zone (0–40 cm) of onion plants. Onion yields were increased when the soil frost depth in the study fields was 23–37 cm. Considering a possible error of several centimeters in soil frost depth control, we recommend a target frost depth of 30 cm to improve the productivity of onion fields. However, in fields with high nitrogen fertility, soil frost depth control may result in excessive nitrogen supply. In such cases, growth suppression due to salt injury and damage from diseases, such as dry and soft rot, may occur, leading to lower onion yield. Therefore, proper nitrogen management might be required in fields in which soil frost depth is controlled. variables. Furthermore, nitrogen uptake from the panicle formation to full heading stages could be predicted using a multiple regression equation in which the amount of nitrogen in topdressing fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen applied to the surface soil were explanatory variables. These multiple regression equa-tions were adapted to calculate the optimum amounts of basic and topdressing fertilizer nitrogen. According to verifica-tion analysis conducted in a local producer’s field, the more that the amount of applied fertilizer deviated from the calculated amounts of basic and topdressing fertilizer estimated using our formula, the more that the nitrogen uptake from the transplantation to the panicle formation stage and the spikelet number deviated from the target ranges. Thus, the optimum spikelet number of Datemasayume can be obtained if the optimum nitrogen richness, calculated according to our formula, is provided using basic and topdressing fertilizers. significantly higher than that of Akitakomachi, and the rice root activity of Fusaotome was higher. At high temperature, the panicle temperature of Fusaotome was
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 93 - 3","authors":"Yoshinori, Takahashic","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2132454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2132454","url":null,"abstract":"572, 850, and 518 kg-CO 2 eq with high, medium, and low moisture content, respectively. Thus, with low moisture content, emissions were reduced by 9.4% and 39.1% compared with those when moisture content was high and medium, respectively. These results indicate that composting by actively mixing wheat straw into dairy manure to adjust moisture content can lead to swollen and softened compost and accelerated fermentation, which could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms. paddy sites. Comparison by landform revealed a wide variety of trends in soil-type differences, but specific trends, similar to those detected for land use, were not found. Thus, the nation-wide reformation into well-drained paddy fields has apparently lowered the position of the groundwater gley horizon, chan-ging Gley Lowland soils into other soil types, such as Gray Lowland soils. We propose that the present land-use type is an important factor for determining the degree of soil-type change from Gley Lowland soils to other soil types in paddy fields. of increased nitrogen supply and improved soil physical properties, such as air permeability, water retention, and water permeability, in the main root zone (0–40 cm) of onion plants. Onion yields were increased when the soil frost depth in the study fields was 23–37 cm. Considering a possible error of several centimeters in soil frost depth control, we recommend a target frost depth of 30 cm to improve the productivity of onion fields. However, in fields with high nitrogen fertility, soil frost depth control may result in excessive nitrogen supply. In such cases, growth suppression due to salt injury and damage from diseases, such as dry and soft rot, may occur, leading to lower onion yield. Therefore, proper nitrogen management might be required in fields in which soil frost depth is controlled. variables. Furthermore, nitrogen uptake from the panicle formation to full heading stages could be predicted using a multiple regression equation in which the amount of nitrogen in topdressing fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen applied to the surface soil were explanatory variables. These multiple regression equa-tions were adapted to calculate the optimum amounts of basic and topdressing fertilizer nitrogen. According to verifica-tion analysis conducted in a local producer’s field, the more that the amount of applied fertilizer deviated from the calculated amounts of basic and topdressing fertilizer estimated using our formula, the more that the nitrogen uptake from the transplantation to the panicle formation stage and the spikelet number deviated from the target ranges. Thus, the optimum spikelet number of Datemasayume can be obtained if the optimum nitrogen richness, calculated according to our formula, is provided using basic and topdressing fertilizers. significantly higher than that of Akitakomachi, and the rice root activity of Fusaotome was higher. At high temperature, the panicle temperature of Fusaotome was ","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"4 1","pages":"589 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2132453
Kazuki Togami, A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, S. Kumagai, T. Igarashi, H. Nakamoto, I. Goto, T. Yanagihara, K. Okazaki, Yuzo Manpuku, M. Hachinohe, Ryota Koyama, Yo Toma, T. Shinano
Based on the fact that humus is dark and stable against micro-bial degradation, we hypothesized that stable humus content can be estimated by the soil carbon content predicted from spectral reflectance. Furthermore, the difference between the total carbon content and the predicted value can be attributed to easily-decomposable organic matter, representing available nitrogen. Thus, we suggest a new method to estimate available nitrogen based on total carbon content and spectral reflectance. To test this method, we conducted drone-based remote sensing using a four-wavelength multispectral camera at paddies, where livestock man-ure compost and rice straw has been continuously applied, and paddies where no organic matter has been added after puddling. Using spectral reflectance, the model tended to underestimate the predicted carbon content in such paddies. Coefficients of determination were higher in paddies without added organic matter, suggesting that the value predicted via spectral reflectance may measure stable humus. We found a significant correlation between the available nitrogen and the difference between the predicted value from the spectral reflectance and the total carbon content. This finding indicates that total carbon content and spectral reflectance can be used to estimate available nitrogen. Using both the spectral reflectance and the total carbon content in the predictive formula, the coefficient of determination increased from 0.70 to 0.90 in air-dried soil incubated for 4 weeks and from 0.45 to 0.74 in wet soil incubated for 10 weeks. The applicability of this method should be verified in different soil and humus types.
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 93 - 2","authors":"Kazuki Togami, A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, S. Kumagai, T. Igarashi, H. Nakamoto, I. Goto, T. Yanagihara, K. Okazaki, Yuzo Manpuku, M. Hachinohe, Ryota Koyama, Yo Toma, T. Shinano","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2132453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2132453","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the fact that humus is dark and stable against micro-bial degradation, we hypothesized that stable humus content can be estimated by the soil carbon content predicted from spectral reflectance. Furthermore, the difference between the total carbon content and the predicted value can be attributed to easily-decomposable organic matter, representing available nitrogen. Thus, we suggest a new method to estimate available nitrogen based on total carbon content and spectral reflectance. To test this method, we conducted drone-based remote sensing using a four-wavelength multispectral camera at paddies, where livestock man-ure compost and rice straw has been continuously applied, and paddies where no organic matter has been added after puddling. Using spectral reflectance, the model tended to underestimate the predicted carbon content in such paddies. Coefficients of determination were higher in paddies without added organic matter, suggesting that the value predicted via spectral reflectance may measure stable humus. We found a significant correlation between the available nitrogen and the difference between the predicted value from the spectral reflectance and the total carbon content. This finding indicates that total carbon content and spectral reflectance can be used to estimate available nitrogen. Using both the spectral reflectance and the total carbon content in the predictive formula, the coefficient of determination increased from 0.70 to 0.90 in air-dried soil incubated for 4 weeks and from 0.45 to 0.74 in wet soil incubated for 10 weeks. The applicability of this method should be verified in different soil and humus types.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"588 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90156759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2132455
M. Yoshimura, N. Oka, Kouichi Nagasawa, Kenji Maezuka, S. Morimoto, T. Tanahashi
All farmers must understand quantitative productivity and the factors that are important to their farm fields for optimum crop management. This study attempted to esti-mate the soil quality index (SQI) of 61 winter wheat fields in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, over three years. It also examined the relationship between SQI and yield. SQI was estimated as a sum of weighted scores calculated from the value of each soil parameter (surface soil proper-ties), which were adopted as soil diagnostic criteria by the Hokkaido government. A lower score was given when the parameter values deviated from the criteria. The principal component analysis parameters selected for SQI estimation were exchangeable calcium, solid ratio, exchangeable potassium, macropore, and hot-water extractable boron in descending order of spatial variation. Among them, exchangeable calcium and macropore had the greatest impact on low SQI. A significant positive correlation was detected between SQI and yield in 2018, when productivity was low due to heavy rain in May and July, especially in Brown Lowland soils and Andosols with alluvial subsoil. In contrast, a weaker correlation between SQI and yield was detected in Andosols with a thick effective soil layer. This implies that soil should be sampled on an effective soil layer to calculate the SQI. Additionally, in a case where the field contains much gravel in the surface layer, gravel content should be considered because of yield overestima-tion by SQI. Conclusively, this study implied that yield decreased as SQI decreased in a low yield environment with heavy rain only if the field has a thin effective soil layer and less gravel on the surface layer. However, soil quality improvement might stabilize the annual yield var-iation. Moreover, the consideration of meteorological and crop managemental conditions is required to better understand the relationship between SQI and productivity.
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 93 - 4","authors":"M. Yoshimura, N. Oka, Kouichi Nagasawa, Kenji Maezuka, S. Morimoto, T. Tanahashi","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2132455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2132455","url":null,"abstract":"All farmers must understand quantitative productivity and the factors that are important to their farm fields for optimum crop management. This study attempted to esti-mate the soil quality index (SQI) of 61 winter wheat fields in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, over three years. It also examined the relationship between SQI and yield. SQI was estimated as a sum of weighted scores calculated from the value of each soil parameter (surface soil proper-ties), which were adopted as soil diagnostic criteria by the Hokkaido government. A lower score was given when the parameter values deviated from the criteria. The principal component analysis parameters selected for SQI estimation were exchangeable calcium, solid ratio, exchangeable potassium, macropore, and hot-water extractable boron in descending order of spatial variation. Among them, exchangeable calcium and macropore had the greatest impact on low SQI. A significant positive correlation was detected between SQI and yield in 2018, when productivity was low due to heavy rain in May and July, especially in Brown Lowland soils and Andosols with alluvial subsoil. In contrast, a weaker correlation between SQI and yield was detected in Andosols with a thick effective soil layer. This implies that soil should be sampled on an effective soil layer to calculate the SQI. Additionally, in a case where the field contains much gravel in the surface layer, gravel content should be considered because of yield overestima-tion by SQI. Conclusively, this study implied that yield decreased as SQI decreased in a low yield environment with heavy rain only if the field has a thin effective soil layer and less gravel on the surface layer. However, soil quality improvement might stabilize the annual yield var-iation. Moreover, the consideration of meteorological and crop managemental conditions is required to better understand the relationship between SQI and productivity.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"133 1","pages":"592 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86241613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2129443
Qinghai Chen, Baoxian Tao, Y. Jiang, Jingdong Wang, Baohua Zhang
ABSTRACT The particle size of biochar is a vital parameter adjusting the soil CO2 production, whereas the effect of biochar addition with different particle sizeon soil CO2 production is still largely unclear. Furthermore, combined effects of biochar addition and temperature on CO2 production are still unknown. To address this gap, a series of incubation experiments were conducted to examine the single and interactive effects of biochar addition with three particle sizes (1–0.5 mm, 0.5–0.1 mm, and <0.1 mm) and temperature on CO2 production in a temperate forest, China. The soil samples were collected from a poplar (Populus nigra) forest in the sandy area of the ancient Yellow River in western Shandong Province, China. Cumulative CO2 production of fine-grained biochar addition (<0.1 mm) was 88.13–92.67% of that of coarse-grained biochar (1–0.5 mm). The addition of fine-grained biochar decreased CO2 production by reducing soil nitrogen availability (i.e., nitrate and ammonium) and increasing soil pH compared to the coarse-grained biochar. Biochar addition promoted the temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of CO2 production by increasing the relative abundance of recalcitrant carbon fractions. Interactive effects of biochar addition and increasing temperature was synergistic due to the raising Q 10 value of CO2 production. Our results highlight the importance of particle size of biochar on CO2 production, less particle size of biochar, the less CO2 production. We suggest that the simultaneous effect of biochar addition and temperature on CO2 production may be underestimated basing on their single effects. Our results suggest that <0.1 mm is a threshold value of biochar particle size that is helpful to soil carbon sequestration.
{"title":"Combined effects of biochar addition with varied particle size and temperature on the decomposition of soil organic carbon in a temperate forest, China","authors":"Qinghai Chen, Baoxian Tao, Y. Jiang, Jingdong Wang, Baohua Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2129443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2129443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The particle size of biochar is a vital parameter adjusting the soil CO2 production, whereas the effect of biochar addition with different particle sizeon soil CO2 production is still largely unclear. Furthermore, combined effects of biochar addition and temperature on CO2 production are still unknown. To address this gap, a series of incubation experiments were conducted to examine the single and interactive effects of biochar addition with three particle sizes (1–0.5 mm, 0.5–0.1 mm, and <0.1 mm) and temperature on CO2 production in a temperate forest, China. The soil samples were collected from a poplar (Populus nigra) forest in the sandy area of the ancient Yellow River in western Shandong Province, China. Cumulative CO2 production of fine-grained biochar addition (<0.1 mm) was 88.13–92.67% of that of coarse-grained biochar (1–0.5 mm). The addition of fine-grained biochar decreased CO2 production by reducing soil nitrogen availability (i.e., nitrate and ammonium) and increasing soil pH compared to the coarse-grained biochar. Biochar addition promoted the temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of CO2 production by increasing the relative abundance of recalcitrant carbon fractions. Interactive effects of biochar addition and increasing temperature was synergistic due to the raising Q 10 value of CO2 production. Our results highlight the importance of particle size of biochar on CO2 production, less particle size of biochar, the less CO2 production. We suggest that the simultaneous effect of biochar addition and temperature on CO2 production may be underestimated basing on their single effects. Our results suggest that <0.1 mm is a threshold value of biochar particle size that is helpful to soil carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"38 1","pages":"45 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81243560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land, but the rice yield is not high due to the saline sodic stress that affects rice growth. Straw return can improve soil fertility, but it is unknown whether the physicochemical properties of saline sodic soil can be improved by straw return and whether straw return can improve the productivity of saline sodic land. Therefore, we conducted a 4-year field trial to assess the effects of adding straw at 0, 2800, 4200, 5600, and 7000 kg ha−1 (CK, S1, S2, S3, and S4) on the soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil nutrients, and rice yield in saline sodic lands from 2017 to 2020. Our results show that a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and a decrease in the percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregates after straw incorporation depend on the straw incorporation rate. Soil exchangeable Na+ (ENa+) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the CK treatment, and straw incorporation also had a positive effect on the reduction of soil pH and EC. Straw incorporation had a positive effect on the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN). SOM and TN gradually increased with the increase of straw incorporation rate. Rice yield showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increasing straw incorporation rate, with the highest yield under the S3 treatment at a four-year average yield of 8.57 t ha−1. There was no significant difference between the S3 and S4 treatments in soil physical structure, chemical properties, or nutrients during the experiment. Therefore, we conclude that a reasonable amount of straw incorporation for improving saline sodic soil properties as well as for increasing rice yield in the first four years is 5600 kg ha−1 (S3 treatment).
种植水稻是有效利用盐碱地的一种方法，但由于盐碱地胁迫影响水稻生长，导致水稻产量不高。秸秆还田可以提高土壤肥力，但秸秆还田是否能改善盐碱地的理化性质，秸秆还田是否能提高盐碱地的生产力，目前尚不清楚。因此，我们在2017 - 2020年进行了为期4年的田间试验，评估了0、2800、4200、5600和7000 kg ha - 1 (CK、S1、S2、S3和S4)施用秸秆对盐碱地土壤物理性质、土壤化学性质、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响。结果表明，秸秆掺入后土壤容重(BD)和< 0.053 mm粒径团聚体百分比的降低与秸秆掺入率有关。秸秆处理土壤交换性Na+ (ENa+)和交换性钠百分比(ESP)显著低于对照处理，秸秆还田对降低土壤pH和EC也有积极作用。秸秆还田对土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)的积累有正向影响。随着秸秆掺入率的增加，土壤有机质和全氮逐渐升高。随着秸秆还田率的增加，水稻产量呈现先增后降的趋势，其中S3处理产量最高，4年平均产量为8.57 t ha - 1。试验期间，S3和S4处理在土壤物理结构、化学性质和养分方面均无显著差异。因此，我们得出结论，为了改善盐碱地性质和提高水稻产量，头4年合理的秸秆还田量为5600 kg ha - 1 (S3处理)。
{"title":"Changes in soil characteristics and rice yield under straw returning in saline sodic soils","authors":"Xudong Yuan, Cheng Ran, D. Gao, Zhexuan Zhao, X. Meng, Yanqiu Geng, Xiwen Shao, Guang Chen","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2124097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2124097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Planting rice is one method to effectively utilize saline sodic land, but the rice yield is not high due to the saline sodic stress that affects rice growth. Straw return can improve soil fertility, but it is unknown whether the physicochemical properties of saline sodic soil can be improved by straw return and whether straw return can improve the productivity of saline sodic land. Therefore, we conducted a 4-year field trial to assess the effects of adding straw at 0, 2800, 4200, 5600, and 7000 kg ha−1 (CK, S1, S2, S3, and S4) on the soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil nutrients, and rice yield in saline sodic lands from 2017 to 2020. Our results show that a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and a decrease in the percentage of < 0.053 mm particle size aggregates after straw incorporation depend on the straw incorporation rate. Soil exchangeable Na+ (ENa+) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were significantly lower in the straw treatments than in the CK treatment, and straw incorporation also had a positive effect on the reduction of soil pH and EC. Straw incorporation had a positive effect on the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN). SOM and TN gradually increased with the increase of straw incorporation rate. Rice yield showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increasing straw incorporation rate, with the highest yield under the S3 treatment at a four-year average yield of 8.57 t ha−1. There was no significant difference between the S3 and S4 treatments in soil physical structure, chemical properties, or nutrients during the experiment. Therefore, we conclude that a reasonable amount of straw incorporation for improving saline sodic soil properties as well as for increasing rice yield in the first four years is 5600 kg ha−1 (S3 treatment).","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"41 1","pages":"563 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77578068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2125789
Kentaro Hayashi
ABSTRACT Soil is a hotspot of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling. Nitrogen is an indispensable component of fertilizers for producing crops in agricultural soils and is a macronutrient for natural soils driving the food chain, including microbial activities in terrestrial ecosystems. Humans acquired the technology of artificial N fixation during the early 20th century and used the fixed N for fertilizer and industrial materials. Artificial N fixations have amounted to ca. 150 Tg N yr–1 in recent years, surpassing terrestrial biological N fixation. Consequently, a large amount of reactive N (N compounds other than dinitrogen) is lost to the environment, inducing various forms of N pollution and threatening human and environmental health. This review aims to highlight future research on N cycling and management from the soil science perspective based on the author’s experience. The review covers the following themes: N processes to be elucidated preferentially in agricultural soils, interactions between soil and N cycling in the polar regions storing a large amount of organic matter and susceptible to climate change, and N management at national and international scales focusing on how soils are treated.
土壤是陆地氮素循环的热点。氮是农业土壤中生产作物必不可少的肥料成分，也是自然土壤中驱动食物链(包括陆地生态系统中的微生物活动)的大量营养素。人类在20世纪初获得了人工固氮技术，并将固氮用于肥料和工业原料。近年来，人工固氮量约为150 Tg N - 1，超过了陆地生物固氮量。因此，大量活性氮(除二氮外的N化合物)流失到环境中，引起各种形式的氮污染，威胁人类和环境健康。本文结合作者的经验，从土壤科学的角度对今后的研究方向进行了展望。这篇综述涵盖了以下主题:农业土壤中优先阐明的氮过程，储存大量有机质且易受气候变化影响的极地地区土壤与氮循环之间的相互作用，以及国家和国际尺度上的氮管理，重点是如何处理土壤。
{"title":"Nitrogen cycling and management focusing on the central role of soils: a review","authors":"Kentaro Hayashi","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2125789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2125789","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil is a hotspot of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling. Nitrogen is an indispensable component of fertilizers for producing crops in agricultural soils and is a macronutrient for natural soils driving the food chain, including microbial activities in terrestrial ecosystems. Humans acquired the technology of artificial N fixation during the early 20th century and used the fixed N for fertilizer and industrial materials. Artificial N fixations have amounted to ca. 150 Tg N yr–1 in recent years, surpassing terrestrial biological N fixation. Consequently, a large amount of reactive N (N compounds other than dinitrogen) is lost to the environment, inducing various forms of N pollution and threatening human and environmental health. This review aims to highlight future research on N cycling and management from the soil science perspective based on the author’s experience. The review covers the following themes: N processes to be elucidated preferentially in agricultural soils, interactions between soil and N cycling in the polar regions storing a large amount of organic matter and susceptible to climate change, and N management at national and international scales focusing on how soils are treated.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"4 1","pages":"514 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-14DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2111191
D. Qin, S. Nishida, R. Tominaga, A. Ueda, V. Raboy, H. Saneoka
ABSTRACT Most phosphorus is stored as phytic acid in plant seed, although it is considered an anti-nutrient compound that reduces the bioavailability of minerals in monogastric animals. Low-phytic acid (LP) crops improve mineral bioavailability in monogastric animals, which can decrease environmental pollution due to phosphorus. Recently, we reported a newly developed LP soybean line by crossing the LP line CX1834 and Japanese normal phytic acid cultivar Natto-kotsubu (Natto), which showed superior traits in seedling emergence, growth, and yield compared with CX1834. The molecular mechanism underlying the LP trait in the LP line remains unclear. The LP line was used for a de novo RNA-Seq analysis, and we illustrated the aberrant RNA splicing of the phytic acid synthase gene inositol-1,3,4 trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 3 (GmITPK3) in the LP line. The expression level of phytic acid biosynthesis-related genes and inositol phosphate isomer concentrations were investigated. A de novo RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the intron retention (IR) transcript of GmITPK3 is highly expressed in the leaves of the LP line. Although expressed in both, the relative abundances of multiple IR transcripts were significantly higher in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar. The IR transcripts of GmITPK3 encoding truncated proteins were missing an essential domain for their activity, while one possibly contained an abnormal ligand binding site. The relative abundance of IR transcripts was 1.9- to 5.4-times higher in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar during seed development; accordingly, the production of phytic acid and its precursors in the developing seeds was lower in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar. No mutation was detected at the exon–intron junction, where a splicing error occurs in GmITPK3 of the LP line, implying that a splicing error is attributed to unknown splicing factor genes involved in the splicing regulation of GmITPK3. Our results provide insights into the possible involvement of splicing errors in GmITPK3 for the trait of low phytic acid production in the LP line.
{"title":"Aberrant RNA splicing of the phytic acid synthesis gene inositol-1,3,4 trisphosphate 5/6-kinase in a low phytic acid soybean line","authors":"D. Qin, S. Nishida, R. Tominaga, A. Ueda, V. Raboy, H. Saneoka","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2111191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2111191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most phosphorus is stored as phytic acid in plant seed, although it is considered an anti-nutrient compound that reduces the bioavailability of minerals in monogastric animals. Low-phytic acid (LP) crops improve mineral bioavailability in monogastric animals, which can decrease environmental pollution due to phosphorus. Recently, we reported a newly developed LP soybean line by crossing the LP line CX1834 and Japanese normal phytic acid cultivar Natto-kotsubu (Natto), which showed superior traits in seedling emergence, growth, and yield compared with CX1834. The molecular mechanism underlying the LP trait in the LP line remains unclear. The LP line was used for a de novo RNA-Seq analysis, and we illustrated the aberrant RNA splicing of the phytic acid synthase gene inositol-1,3,4 trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 3 (GmITPK3) in the LP line. The expression level of phytic acid biosynthesis-related genes and inositol phosphate isomer concentrations were investigated. A de novo RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the intron retention (IR) transcript of GmITPK3 is highly expressed in the leaves of the LP line. Although expressed in both, the relative abundances of multiple IR transcripts were significantly higher in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar. The IR transcripts of GmITPK3 encoding truncated proteins were missing an essential domain for their activity, while one possibly contained an abnormal ligand binding site. The relative abundance of IR transcripts was 1.9- to 5.4-times higher in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar during seed development; accordingly, the production of phytic acid and its precursors in the developing seeds was lower in the LP line than that in the Natto cultivar. No mutation was detected at the exon–intron junction, where a splicing error occurs in GmITPK3 of the LP line, implying that a splicing error is attributed to unknown splicing factor genes involved in the splicing regulation of GmITPK3. Our results provide insights into the possible involvement of splicing errors in GmITPK3 for the trait of low phytic acid production in the LP line.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"97 1","pages":"553 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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