Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2108685
Tatsuhiro Nishikiori, T. Kubota, Susumu Miyazu, N. Harada, N. Yoshikawa
ABSTRACT Countermeasures to reduce radiocesium uptake by crops have been implemented in farmlands affected by the accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011. A widely practiced countermeasure is the application of K. Long-term maintenance of soil K is crucial due to the long physical half-life of 137Cs (30 years). Plant-available K budgets can be used as an indication of sustainable maintenance. Our previous study found that large water outflow, especially percolation, associated with excessive irrigation caused major K outflow and a negative K budget in a paddy field in Fukushima in 2018. The present study evaluated whether decreasing the water outflow by reducing the irrigation volume from 6300 to 1900 mm reduced K outflow and improved the K budget in the field during the cropping period in 2019. K concentrations in soil solution were comparable in both years, and the percolation water volume decreased to 37% that of 2018, resulting in a 53% reduction in the K output from 392 to 184 kg ha–1. The input via irrigation also decreased (−35 kg ha–1), but the output via surface runoff showed a greater reduction (−58 kg ha–1) owing to a 70% decrease in the water volume compared with 2018. Consequently, the K budget was substantially improved (from −289 to −57 kg ha–1), highlighting the importance of controlling water outflow, particularly percolation, for soil K maintenance in paddy fields with high permeability.
在2011年东京电力公司福岛第一核电站事故影响的农田中实施了减少作物吸收放射性的对策。由于137Cs的物理半衰期很长(30年)，长期保持土壤K至关重要。植物可利用钾预算可用作可持续维护的指示。我们之前的研究发现，2018年福岛稻田的大量水流出，特别是渗水，与过度灌溉有关，导致大量钾流出和负钾预算。本研究评估了将灌溉水量从6300 mm减少到1900 mm是否减少了2019年种植期间的钾流出量并改善了田间钾收支。两年土壤溶液中的钾浓度相当，渗透水量下降到2018年的37%，导致钾产量从392 kg ha-1减少到184 kg ha-1，减少了53%。通过灌溉的投入也减少了(- 35 kg ha-1)，但由于水量比2018年减少了70%，通过地表径流的产出减少了更大(- 58 kg ha-1)。因此，钾收支大幅改善(从- 289 kg ha-1增加到- 57 kg ha-1)，突出了控制水的流出，特别是渗透，对高渗透稻田土壤钾维持的重要性。
{"title":"Improvement in potassium budget with water outflow reduction through reducing excessive irrigation in a paddy field","authors":"Tatsuhiro Nishikiori, T. Kubota, Susumu Miyazu, N. Harada, N. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2108685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2108685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Countermeasures to reduce radiocesium uptake by crops have been implemented in farmlands affected by the accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011. A widely practiced countermeasure is the application of K. Long-term maintenance of soil K is crucial due to the long physical half-life of 137Cs (30 years). Plant-available K budgets can be used as an indication of sustainable maintenance. Our previous study found that large water outflow, especially percolation, associated with excessive irrigation caused major K outflow and a negative K budget in a paddy field in Fukushima in 2018. The present study evaluated whether decreasing the water outflow by reducing the irrigation volume from 6300 to 1900 mm reduced K outflow and improved the K budget in the field during the cropping period in 2019. K concentrations in soil solution were comparable in both years, and the percolation water volume decreased to 37% that of 2018, resulting in a 53% reduction in the K output from 392 to 184 kg ha–1. The input via irrigation also decreased (−35 kg ha–1), but the output via surface runoff showed a greater reduction (−58 kg ha–1) owing to a 70% decrease in the water volume compared with 2018. Consequently, the K budget was substantially improved (from −289 to −57 kg ha–1), highlighting the importance of controlling water outflow, particularly percolation, for soil K maintenance in paddy fields with high permeability.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"18 1","pages":"583 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88028601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2107384
Kazuki Togami, K. Miura
ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to humans, and their concentrations in rice are affected by the water management strategies used in paddy fields. Water management, however, is considered a burden for farmers, and thus an efficient strategy by which to decrease As and Cd concentrations in brown rice is desired. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of water management on the total As and Cd concentrations in brown rice during the 3 weeks before and after heading on a weekly basis. Moreover, the study aimed to determine the differences in this effect among soil types and cultivars. Pot cultivation experiments of rice were conducted by applying two levels of weekly flooding or draining to an L12 orthogonal table, and their effects each week on the As and Cd concentrations in brown rice were identified. Redox potentials of soils decreased during flooding and increased during draining, but the decrease during flooding in Andosols was slower than that in Fluvisols. For the plants growing in Fluvisols, the total As and Cd concentrations in the brown rice increased and decreased with flooding, respectively, and an opposite trend was observed with draining. In the Japonica varieties ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Hitomebore,’ water management during the first week from 0 to 2 days after heading had the greatest impact on As and Cd concentrations. However, in the Indica variety ‘Takanari,’ the weeks that most affected the As and Cd concentrations were the second and first week from the day after heading, respectively. In the Andosols, the Cd concentration was changed by water management as in the Fluvisols, but the same was not found for the As. This suggests that the effect of water management on the As concentration in brown rice could be nullified by the Andosols ability to absorb As. However, it was also possible that the effect of water management could not be detected due to the low As concentration of the Andosols. These results provide insights that will help to efficiently reduce As and Cd concentrations using information on the rice variety and soil type.
{"title":"Arsenic and cadmium concentrations in brown rice can be controlled by understanding the impacts of weekly water contributions before and after heading","authors":"Kazuki Togami, K. Miura","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2107384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2107384","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to humans, and their concentrations in rice are affected by the water management strategies used in paddy fields. Water management, however, is considered a burden for farmers, and thus an efficient strategy by which to decrease As and Cd concentrations in brown rice is desired. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of water management on the total As and Cd concentrations in brown rice during the 3 weeks before and after heading on a weekly basis. Moreover, the study aimed to determine the differences in this effect among soil types and cultivars. Pot cultivation experiments of rice were conducted by applying two levels of weekly flooding or draining to an L12 orthogonal table, and their effects each week on the As and Cd concentrations in brown rice were identified. Redox potentials of soils decreased during flooding and increased during draining, but the decrease during flooding in Andosols was slower than that in Fluvisols. For the plants growing in Fluvisols, the total As and Cd concentrations in the brown rice increased and decreased with flooding, respectively, and an opposite trend was observed with draining. In the Japonica varieties ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Hitomebore,’ water management during the first week from 0 to 2 days after heading had the greatest impact on As and Cd concentrations. However, in the Indica variety ‘Takanari,’ the weeks that most affected the As and Cd concentrations were the second and first week from the day after heading, respectively. In the Andosols, the Cd concentration was changed by water management as in the Fluvisols, but the same was not found for the As. This suggests that the effect of water management on the As concentration in brown rice could be nullified by the Andosols ability to absorb As. However, it was also possible that the effect of water management could not be detected due to the low As concentration of the Andosols. These results provide insights that will help to efficiently reduce As and Cd concentrations using information on the rice variety and soil type.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"57 1","pages":"574 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79427105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2106115
K. Higuchi, A. Saito
ABSTRACT Plants allocate large proportions of nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) – principal elements in the photosynthetic electron transport system – to leaf chloroplasts. Although the molecular mechanisms to overcome N deficiency have been intensively studied, the acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to Fe deficiency in higher plants remains to be further investigated. We previously reported about effective strategies in the chloroplasts of an Fe-deficiency-tolerant crop, barley, which allow photosynthesis under Fe-deficient conditions, not relying solely on Fe acquisition via the roots. The Fe-deficient barley leaves employ at least two strategies, viz., induction of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy via Lhcb1 phosphorylation, which is maintained stably over Fe-deficiency periods regardless of light conditions, and improved electron flow in or around photosystem I through protein complexes with unknown composition. Previous studies have focused on healthy leaves from which chloroplasts can easily be isolated or on model organisms, such as Arabidopsis and cyanobacteria, to demonstrate typical photosystem structures and photochemical reactions. By contrast, in non-model plants, atypical photosystem structures and compositions have been reported. These structures are generally important to adapt to stress conditions or specific niches. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms of acclimation of barley photosystems to Fe deficiency and provide an overview of the modulations in the photosystems of other plants under various stress conditions.
{"title":"Elucidation of efficient photosynthesis in plants with limited iron","authors":"K. Higuchi, A. Saito","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2106115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2106115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plants allocate large proportions of nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) – principal elements in the photosynthetic electron transport system – to leaf chloroplasts. Although the molecular mechanisms to overcome N deficiency have been intensively studied, the acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to Fe deficiency in higher plants remains to be further investigated. We previously reported about effective strategies in the chloroplasts of an Fe-deficiency-tolerant crop, barley, which allow photosynthesis under Fe-deficient conditions, not relying solely on Fe acquisition via the roots. The Fe-deficient barley leaves employ at least two strategies, viz., induction of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy via Lhcb1 phosphorylation, which is maintained stably over Fe-deficiency periods regardless of light conditions, and improved electron flow in or around photosystem I through protein complexes with unknown composition. Previous studies have focused on healthy leaves from which chloroplasts can easily be isolated or on model organisms, such as Arabidopsis and cyanobacteria, to demonstrate typical photosystem structures and photochemical reactions. By contrast, in non-model plants, atypical photosystem structures and compositions have been reported. These structures are generally important to adapt to stress conditions or specific niches. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms of acclimation of barley photosystems to Fe deficiency and provide an overview of the modulations in the photosystems of other plants under various stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"505 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91271027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2104103
Ayane Kan, Hayato Maruyama, Nao Aoyama, J. Wasaki, Y. Tateishi, Toshihiro Watanabe, T. Shinano
ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production; however, availability tends to be low due to slow diffusion and high fixation in soils. To cope with phosphate deficiency, white lupines (Lupinus albus L.) form unique root structures called cluster roots. The objective of this study was to elucidate detailed spatial differences of the mechanisms under low-P condition in the root system using rhizoboxes. We cultivated plants in rhizoboxes with P-deficient soil for 33 days. We then harvested roots and the adjacent soil from 128 compartments by dividing 2 × 2 cm squares in the rhizoboxes. We investigated relative expression levels of several genes that encode proteins assumed to be involved in P solubilization or translocation. Additionally, we analyzed fractionated P, soluble metal cations (Fe, Al, and Mn), and enzyme activities in the soil of each compartment. We observed a significant positive correlation between one of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification) genes, LaMATE6, and soluble metal cations, suggesting the secretion of citric acid into the rhizosphere via MATE proteins increased soluble metal cation concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that roots in the same developmental stages were likely to have different influences on the mobilization of fractionated P in the rhizosphere soil. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between soil chemical properties and root functions at a high spatial resolution to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of P mobilization by plants.
{"title":"Relationship between soil phosphorus dynamics and low-phosphorus responses at specific root locations of white lupine","authors":"Ayane Kan, Hayato Maruyama, Nao Aoyama, J. Wasaki, Y. Tateishi, Toshihiro Watanabe, T. Shinano","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2104103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2104103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production; however, availability tends to be low due to slow diffusion and high fixation in soils. To cope with phosphate deficiency, white lupines (Lupinus albus L.) form unique root structures called cluster roots. The objective of this study was to elucidate detailed spatial differences of the mechanisms under low-P condition in the root system using rhizoboxes. We cultivated plants in rhizoboxes with P-deficient soil for 33 days. We then harvested roots and the adjacent soil from 128 compartments by dividing 2 × 2 cm squares in the rhizoboxes. We investigated relative expression levels of several genes that encode proteins assumed to be involved in P solubilization or translocation. Additionally, we analyzed fractionated P, soluble metal cations (Fe, Al, and Mn), and enzyme activities in the soil of each compartment. We observed a significant positive correlation between one of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification) genes, LaMATE6, and soluble metal cations, suggesting the secretion of citric acid into the rhizosphere via MATE proteins increased soluble metal cation concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that roots in the same developmental stages were likely to have different influences on the mobilization of fractionated P in the rhizosphere soil. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between soil chemical properties and root functions at a high spatial resolution to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of P mobilization by plants.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"526 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82175026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2104594
Hinako Sugiura, Shunsuke Miyaji, Saki Yamamoto, M. Yasuda, Jean Louise Cocson Damo, María Daniela Artigas Ramírez, Shin-ichiro Agake, Takehiro Kamiya, T. Fujiwara, S. Bellingrath-Kimura, Haruo Tanaka, S. Sugihara, Naoko Ohkama‐Ohtsu
ABSTRACT Organic acid secretion from the roots enables plants to acquire phosphorus (P) which is poorly soluble in soil. We previously reported that when soybeans were cultivated in vermiculite in the presence of insoluble calcium phosphate, as a phosphorus source, sulfur (S) fertilization increased organic acid secretion from the roots and improved P acquisition in soybeans. In the present study, we confirmed that S fertilization increased secretion of organic acids such as citric acid when soybeans were cultivated in Andosols having a strong P fixation capacity. In contrast, concentration of citric acid in soybean roots did not increase by S fertilization. Therefore, the relationship between S nutrition and gene expression of citric acid exporters was investigated to understand the mechanisms of induction of citric acid secretion by S. Further, we verified whether the expression of citric acid transporter genes, GmMATE13 and GmMATE47, is involved in the induction of citric acid secretion from the roots by S fertilization. The expression level of GmMATE13 in roots was significantly increased by S fertilization compared to that without S fertilization. Therefore, our results suggest that S nutrition is involved in inducing GmMATE13 expression and contributes to the excretion of citric acid from the soybean roots.
{"title":"Induction of citrate transporter gene expression in soybean roots by sulfur application","authors":"Hinako Sugiura, Shunsuke Miyaji, Saki Yamamoto, M. Yasuda, Jean Louise Cocson Damo, María Daniela Artigas Ramírez, Shin-ichiro Agake, Takehiro Kamiya, T. Fujiwara, S. Bellingrath-Kimura, Haruo Tanaka, S. Sugihara, Naoko Ohkama‐Ohtsu","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2104594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2104594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Organic acid secretion from the roots enables plants to acquire phosphorus (P) which is poorly soluble in soil. We previously reported that when soybeans were cultivated in vermiculite in the presence of insoluble calcium phosphate, as a phosphorus source, sulfur (S) fertilization increased organic acid secretion from the roots and improved P acquisition in soybeans. In the present study, we confirmed that S fertilization increased secretion of organic acids such as citric acid when soybeans were cultivated in Andosols having a strong P fixation capacity. In contrast, concentration of citric acid in soybean roots did not increase by S fertilization. Therefore, the relationship between S nutrition and gene expression of citric acid exporters was investigated to understand the mechanisms of induction of citric acid secretion by S. Further, we verified whether the expression of citric acid transporter genes, GmMATE13 and GmMATE47, is involved in the induction of citric acid secretion from the roots by S fertilization. The expression level of GmMATE13 in roots was significantly increased by S fertilization compared to that without S fertilization. Therefore, our results suggest that S nutrition is involved in inducing GmMATE13 expression and contributes to the excretion of citric acid from the soybean roots.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"118 1","pages":"547 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87992559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-17DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2101864
Jinyun He, Xinbin Zhou, T. Matsui, Fusheng Li, Takashi S. T. Tanaka
ABSTRACT Soil test is a key step toward providing recommendations for better crop management. Several soil samples have been traditionally assumed to be sufficient for soil tests to represent field-specific values in conventional Japanese small-scale paddy fields. However, rethinking soil sampling design is required, as many small-scale (<0.3 ha) paddy fields have been consolidated into large-scale (>1 ha) paddy fields to enhance the efficiency of crop production. The purpose of this study is to explore an efficient soil sampling design, including sample size for representing field-specific values and sampling distance for representing spatial variations, in central Japan using bootstrap sampling and geostatistical analysis. Fourteen soil properties were quantified from 553 samples, which was collected at a distance of 24.4 m on average in large-scale paddy fields with continuous rice cultivation and rotation of rice and upland crops (winter wheat and soybean). The results show that the conventional sampling size (n = 3 for each field) achieved mean estimation within 10% error with 95% confidence intervals only for pH and sand content in almost all fields; thus, an optimization of field-specific uniform liming rate is recommended for reducing cost. Geostatistical analysis shows that the recommended soil sampling distance should be 15–163 m, depending on specific soil properties. The results further show that it was difficult to obtain reliable estimates of exchangeable K and mineralizable N because of the high level of spatial uncertainty with high nugget variance. Thus, practitioners should note that the outcomes from soil tests inherently included fine-scale errors in available nutrient levels which may preclude rationale prescriptions. This study demonstrated that appropriate soil sampling design and the subsequent soil management can differ depending on specific soil properties in the actual farming scale of large-scale paddy fields.
{"title":"Critical reevaluation of an efficient sampling design for assessing soil properties using bootstrap sampling and geostatistical analysis in Japanese large-scale paddy fields","authors":"Jinyun He, Xinbin Zhou, T. Matsui, Fusheng Li, Takashi S. T. Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2101864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2101864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil test is a key step toward providing recommendations for better crop management. Several soil samples have been traditionally assumed to be sufficient for soil tests to represent field-specific values in conventional Japanese small-scale paddy fields. However, rethinking soil sampling design is required, as many small-scale (<0.3 ha) paddy fields have been consolidated into large-scale (>1 ha) paddy fields to enhance the efficiency of crop production. The purpose of this study is to explore an efficient soil sampling design, including sample size for representing field-specific values and sampling distance for representing spatial variations, in central Japan using bootstrap sampling and geostatistical analysis. Fourteen soil properties were quantified from 553 samples, which was collected at a distance of 24.4 m on average in large-scale paddy fields with continuous rice cultivation and rotation of rice and upland crops (winter wheat and soybean). The results show that the conventional sampling size (n = 3 for each field) achieved mean estimation within 10% error with 95% confidence intervals only for pH and sand content in almost all fields; thus, an optimization of field-specific uniform liming rate is recommended for reducing cost. Geostatistical analysis shows that the recommended soil sampling distance should be 15–163 m, depending on specific soil properties. The results further show that it was difficult to obtain reliable estimates of exchangeable K and mineralizable N because of the high level of spatial uncertainty with high nugget variance. Thus, practitioners should note that the outcomes from soil tests inherently included fine-scale errors in available nutrient levels which may preclude rationale prescriptions. This study demonstrated that appropriate soil sampling design and the subsequent soil management can differ depending on specific soil properties in the actual farming scale of large-scale paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"536 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81489631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2095529
Takahiko Narukawa, T. Makino, H. Kanno, Toru Hamamoto, K. Kimura, S. Yamasaki
ABSTRACT Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic metal that induces pathological changes in organs. Many Tl-contaminated soils have been reported worldwide due to the releases of Tl from mineral weathering and mining industry. There is, however, limited information related to the dynamics and analysis of Tl in soil, since Tl is one of the emerging soil contaminants. Tl and cobalt (Co) are specifically adsorbed by manganese (Mn) oxide. On the other hand, air-drying of soils causes the dissolution of Mn oxide and the elution of heavy metals such as Co occluded by Mn oxide. Thus, the Mn oxide dissolution with air-drying is expected to affect the chemical forms of Tl with high sorption affinity to Mn oxide. We conducted the sequential extraction method using moist and air-dried soils. Air-drying caused the increases in Mn and Co in the exchangeable and acid soluble fractions, respectively, and the decreases in those in the Mn oxide occluded fraction, which is consistent with previous reports. Our research revealed that the exchangeable Tl increased and sum of the acid-soluble and Mn oxide occluded Tl decreased due to air-drying. The increments in the exchangeable fraction and the decrements in acid-soluble and Mn oxide occluded fractions were almost the same. Consequently, the increase in exchangeable Tl could be attributed to the other two fractions, indicating that soil Tl is sensitive to the soil drying.
{"title":"The changes in the chemical forms of thallium, cobalt and manganese with air-drying of soils","authors":"Takahiko Narukawa, T. Makino, H. Kanno, Toru Hamamoto, K. Kimura, S. Yamasaki","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2095529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2095529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic metal that induces pathological changes in organs. Many Tl-contaminated soils have been reported worldwide due to the releases of Tl from mineral weathering and mining industry. There is, however, limited information related to the dynamics and analysis of Tl in soil, since Tl is one of the emerging soil contaminants. Tl and cobalt (Co) are specifically adsorbed by manganese (Mn) oxide. On the other hand, air-drying of soils causes the dissolution of Mn oxide and the elution of heavy metals such as Co occluded by Mn oxide. Thus, the Mn oxide dissolution with air-drying is expected to affect the chemical forms of Tl with high sorption affinity to Mn oxide. We conducted the sequential extraction method using moist and air-dried soils. Air-drying caused the increases in Mn and Co in the exchangeable and acid soluble fractions, respectively, and the decreases in those in the Mn oxide occluded fraction, which is consistent with previous reports. Our research revealed that the exchangeable Tl increased and sum of the acid-soluble and Mn oxide occluded Tl decreased due to air-drying. The increments in the exchangeable fraction and the decrements in acid-soluble and Mn oxide occluded fractions were almost the same. Consequently, the increase in exchangeable Tl could be attributed to the other two fractions, indicating that soil Tl is sensitive to the soil drying.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"429 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2095669
Thanuja Deepani Panangala Liyanage, M. Maeda, H. Somura, N. Thuong, M. Mori, T. Fujiwara
ABSTRACT Identification of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soils amended with different types of compost is needed for appropriate use of manure in agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the interaction effects of compost type and soil properties and effects of moisture contents on N2O and CO2 emissions, with identification of relative abundances of functional ammonia-oxidizing genes. Laboratory tests were conducted using cattle manure compost (CC) or mixed compost (MC) (cattle, poultry, and swine manure) amended Kochi (from a greenhouse) or Ushimado (from a paddy field) soils (3% by weight) with controls (no compost). Initial moisture contents were adjusted to 60% water-holding capacity (WHC) for Kochi soil and 70% WHC for both soils. The samples were aerobically incubated at 25°C. Emissions of N2O and CO2 and contents of ammonium N (NH4 +-N) and nitrate N in soils were measured continuously until day 42. The abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea genes were estimated to evaluate nitrifying activities. Cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MC than those in CC treatments probably due to higher NH4 +-N content and lower C/N ratio, which facilitated faster N mineralization and C decomposition. Emissions of N2O and CO2 were higher in compost-amended Kochi soil (70% WHC) with high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents than those in less fertile Ushimado soil. Interestingly, interactions of compost type and soil properties on N2O emissions were significant (p < 0.05) only in Kochi soil because the addition of decomposition resistant CC increased N2O emissions only from this soil with high C and N contents. Higher soil moisture contents increased N2O and CO2 emissions significantly (p < 0.05) in Kochi soil. Emissions of N2O until day 15 were mainly due to activities of AOB amoA genes (R2 = 0.91). This study suggests that N2O emissions are increased by high NH4 +-N contents and a low C/N ratio in compost and high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents in soil. The application of compost with less decomposable C increases N2O emissions only from nutrient-rich soil.
{"title":"Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from two soils amended with different manure composts in aerobic incubation tests","authors":"Thanuja Deepani Panangala Liyanage, M. Maeda, H. Somura, N. Thuong, M. Mori, T. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2095669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2095669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Identification of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soils amended with different types of compost is needed for appropriate use of manure in agriculture. This study aimed at investigating the interaction effects of compost type and soil properties and effects of moisture contents on N2O and CO2 emissions, with identification of relative abundances of functional ammonia-oxidizing genes. Laboratory tests were conducted using cattle manure compost (CC) or mixed compost (MC) (cattle, poultry, and swine manure) amended Kochi (from a greenhouse) or Ushimado (from a paddy field) soils (3% by weight) with controls (no compost). Initial moisture contents were adjusted to 60% water-holding capacity (WHC) for Kochi soil and 70% WHC for both soils. The samples were aerobically incubated at 25°C. Emissions of N2O and CO2 and contents of ammonium N (NH4 +-N) and nitrate N in soils were measured continuously until day 42. The abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea genes were estimated to evaluate nitrifying activities. Cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MC than those in CC treatments probably due to higher NH4 +-N content and lower C/N ratio, which facilitated faster N mineralization and C decomposition. Emissions of N2O and CO2 were higher in compost-amended Kochi soil (70% WHC) with high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents than those in less fertile Ushimado soil. Interestingly, interactions of compost type and soil properties on N2O emissions were significant (p < 0.05) only in Kochi soil because the addition of decomposition resistant CC increased N2O emissions only from this soil with high C and N contents. Higher soil moisture contents increased N2O and CO2 emissions significantly (p < 0.05) in Kochi soil. Emissions of N2O until day 15 were mainly due to activities of AOB amoA genes (R2 = 0.91). This study suggests that N2O emissions are increased by high NH4 +-N contents and a low C/N ratio in compost and high total C and N, mineral N, and clay contents in soil. The application of compost with less decomposable C increases N2O emissions only from nutrient-rich soil.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"42 1","pages":"491 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73406691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2098533
K. Lei, Jialong Cheng, Yi An, X. Li, Guoyong An
ABSTRACT In order to systematically identify the critical genes involved in the response to low inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in cotton, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of root, stem, and leaf from Gossypium hirsutum seedlings grown under both Pi replete and Pi deplete conditions. In total, 1679, 1611, and 841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Several Pi-starvation-induced genes homologous to Arabidopsis were identified, such as SPX, PHO1/2, and PHF1, as well as several members of the PHT1 family, which showed different expression levels in specific organs. Subsequently, 25 randomly selected DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, the result of which was consistent with the RNA sequencing data, indicating the reliability of RNA-seq data. By analyzing the differentially expressed transcription factors, we found that the MYB family was one of the three most abundant transcription factor families in all three tissues. Moreover, some phytohormone-related DEGs were also found in G. hirsutum seedlings in this study. In particular, some auxin-responsive genes, such as IAA24, IAA11/14/16, and IAA4/14/16/29 were differentially expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of G. hirsutum seedlings respectively. Finally, homologous genes for some important phosphatases such as PPCK1 and VTC4 were also found to be differentially expressed. On analyzing the protein interaction network of 121 shared DEGs, five interaction networks – two of which contained 10 and 6 DEGs, respectively – were identified. These findings provided a theoretical basis for studying the gene function of different cotton tissues in response to low Pi stress.
{"title":"Organ specific transcriptome analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in response to low phosphorus stress during early stage of growth","authors":"K. Lei, Jialong Cheng, Yi An, X. Li, Guoyong An","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2098533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2098533","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to systematically identify the critical genes involved in the response to low inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in cotton, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of root, stem, and leaf from Gossypium hirsutum seedlings grown under both Pi replete and Pi deplete conditions. In total, 1679, 1611, and 841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Several Pi-starvation-induced genes homologous to Arabidopsis were identified, such as SPX, PHO1/2, and PHF1, as well as several members of the PHT1 family, which showed different expression levels in specific organs. Subsequently, 25 randomly selected DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, the result of which was consistent with the RNA sequencing data, indicating the reliability of RNA-seq data. By analyzing the differentially expressed transcription factors, we found that the MYB family was one of the three most abundant transcription factor families in all three tissues. Moreover, some phytohormone-related DEGs were also found in G. hirsutum seedlings in this study. In particular, some auxin-responsive genes, such as IAA24, IAA11/14/16, and IAA4/14/16/29 were differentially expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of G. hirsutum seedlings respectively. Finally, homologous genes for some important phosphatases such as PPCK1 and VTC4 were also found to be differentially expressed. On analyzing the protein interaction network of 121 shared DEGs, five interaction networks – two of which contained 10 and 6 DEGs, respectively – were identified. These findings provided a theoretical basis for studying the gene function of different cotton tissues in response to low Pi stress.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"49 1","pages":"463 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84761327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2094204
K. Alam, M. Barman, S. Datta, K. Annapurna, L. Shukla, P. Ray
ABSTRACT The gradually dwindling reserves of rock phosphate, the primary material used in the manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers, encourages researchers to look for ways to exploit the accumulated fixed P pool in soil. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) could be a viable option for addressing the problem at a lower cost. Keeping these in mind, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in the distribution of P in soil as affected by P fertilization, phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) and liming vis-à-vis the contribution of these fractions toward P nutrition of a test crop soybean (Glycine max L.). A bulk surface soil sample (0–15 cm) was obtained from Negheriting tea estate of Golaghat district of Assam, India (Ultisol, pH = 4.23) and after processing, three levels of P [0, 50, and 100% of recommended dose of P (RDP)], two levels of lime [No lime, 1/10th of Lime Requirement (LR)] and two levels of PSF (No-PSF, PSF) were applied in a completely randomized design with three replications. Sequential P fractionation was done in the post-harvest soil. On an average, the abundance of different P fractions in the soil, expressed as % of total P, followed the order: residual P (67.5%)> Fe bound P (12.1%)> reductant soluble P (8.85%)> Al bound P (4.04%)> occluded P (3.79%)> Ca bound P (3.11%)> soluble and loosely bound P (0.46%). All the inorganic P fractions except the residual P, increased significantly with P fertilization. Either liming or PSF application significantly increased the soluble and loosely bound P fraction and decreased the Al bound and Fe bound P fractions in soil. Positive growth response of soybean was obtained due to the application of P, lime, and PSF. Liming increased the P uptake by 30.4% and dry matter yield of soybean by 18.5% over no liming. On the other hand, PSF inoculation increased the P uptake by 16.7% and dry matter yield by 7.77% over no inoculation. So, it is evident that in short term, either liming or PSF was able to solubilize the native soil P. Phosphorus×lime and lime×PSF interactions should also be exploited in future endeavors.
{"title":"Application of phosphate solubilizing fungi and lime altered the soil inorganic phosphorus fractions in an Ultisol of north-eastern India","authors":"K. Alam, M. Barman, S. Datta, K. Annapurna, L. Shukla, P. Ray","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2094204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2094204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The gradually dwindling reserves of rock phosphate, the primary material used in the manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers, encourages researchers to look for ways to exploit the accumulated fixed P pool in soil. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) could be a viable option for addressing the problem at a lower cost. Keeping these in mind, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in the distribution of P in soil as affected by P fertilization, phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) and liming vis-à-vis the contribution of these fractions toward P nutrition of a test crop soybean (Glycine max L.). A bulk surface soil sample (0–15 cm) was obtained from Negheriting tea estate of Golaghat district of Assam, India (Ultisol, pH = 4.23) and after processing, three levels of P [0, 50, and 100% of recommended dose of P (RDP)], two levels of lime [No lime, 1/10th of Lime Requirement (LR)] and two levels of PSF (No-PSF, PSF) were applied in a completely randomized design with three replications. Sequential P fractionation was done in the post-harvest soil. On an average, the abundance of different P fractions in the soil, expressed as % of total P, followed the order: residual P (67.5%)> Fe bound P (12.1%)> reductant soluble P (8.85%)> Al bound P (4.04%)> occluded P (3.79%)> Ca bound P (3.11%)> soluble and loosely bound P (0.46%). All the inorganic P fractions except the residual P, increased significantly with P fertilization. Either liming or PSF application significantly increased the soluble and loosely bound P fraction and decreased the Al bound and Fe bound P fractions in soil. Positive growth response of soybean was obtained due to the application of P, lime, and PSF. Liming increased the P uptake by 30.4% and dry matter yield of soybean by 18.5% over no liming. On the other hand, PSF inoculation increased the P uptake by 16.7% and dry matter yield by 7.77% over no inoculation. So, it is evident that in short term, either liming or PSF was able to solubilize the native soil P. Phosphorus×lime and lime×PSF interactions should also be exploited in future endeavors.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"20 1","pages":"409 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87208953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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