Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2196535
Seri Nishikura, M. Kawahigashi
ABSTRACT After reclamation of the Isahaya Bay polder, a conserved area is covered with naturally developed vegetation under high groundwater level conditions. This study investigated how alluvial deposits transform into soil without utilizing artificial water drainage systems for agricultural land uses. Soils were surveyed under four vegetation compositions, including those dominated by goldenrods (GR), occupied by high-grown reeds (HRD), covered with low-grown reeds (LRD), or a mixture of goldenrods and reeds (MIX). The microtopography of the polder differentiated the research site with a higher elevation at the GR location, followed by a MIX, HRD, and a lower elevation at the LRD location. The soils were characterized by their physicochemical properties and ionic composition of the soil water. Electrical conductivity (EC), which can be an indicator of residual seawater, was lowest in the GR, followed by the MIX, HRD, and LRD. The soil moisture regimes affected by microtopography led to different frequencies of wet-dry cycles in the soil, resulting in a developing sequence of soil structure from LRD to GR with decreasing EC. The ionic composition of soil water varied with elevation and soil depth. The residual seawater still influenced the ionic composition of deeper soil horizons at lower elevations, while specifically high rates of Ca2+ and SO4 2− were observed in GR. The oxidation of pyrite is stimulated by soil aeration with lowering water level, resulting in soil acidification and the simultaneous dissolution of calcium carbonate from seashells. The sequential changes in soil properties with elevation indicated the effects of microtopography on soil moisture dynamics, which led to variations in soil formation and vegetation in the conserved area.
{"title":"Effects of microtopography on soil development of the conserved area in the Isahaya Bay polder","authors":"Seri Nishikura, M. Kawahigashi","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2196535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2196535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After reclamation of the Isahaya Bay polder, a conserved area is covered with naturally developed vegetation under high groundwater level conditions. This study investigated how alluvial deposits transform into soil without utilizing artificial water drainage systems for agricultural land uses. Soils were surveyed under four vegetation compositions, including those dominated by goldenrods (GR), occupied by high-grown reeds (HRD), covered with low-grown reeds (LRD), or a mixture of goldenrods and reeds (MIX). The microtopography of the polder differentiated the research site with a higher elevation at the GR location, followed by a MIX, HRD, and a lower elevation at the LRD location. The soils were characterized by their physicochemical properties and ionic composition of the soil water. Electrical conductivity (EC), which can be an indicator of residual seawater, was lowest in the GR, followed by the MIX, HRD, and LRD. The soil moisture regimes affected by microtopography led to different frequencies of wet-dry cycles in the soil, resulting in a developing sequence of soil structure from LRD to GR with decreasing EC. The ionic composition of soil water varied with elevation and soil depth. The residual seawater still influenced the ionic composition of deeper soil horizons at lower elevations, while specifically high rates of Ca2+ and SO4 2− were observed in GR. The oxidation of pyrite is stimulated by soil aeration with lowering water level, resulting in soil acidification and the simultaneous dissolution of calcium carbonate from seashells. The sequential changes in soil properties with elevation indicated the effects of microtopography on soil moisture dynamics, which led to variations in soil formation and vegetation in the conserved area.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"172 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88289745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2197453
Y. Takata, Hiroyuki Yamada, Nobuyuki Kanuma, Yuta Ise, Takashi Kanda
ABSTRACT In the cool highlands agricultural area in the Kanto region in Japan, large-scale vegetable cultivation is taking place in sloping fields where Andosols are distributed. In some steeply sloping fields in the area, soil erosion has resulted in the loss of surface soil and its redeposition, causing heterogeneity of soil productivity. In this study, a high-resolution soil map (1 m resolution) was delineated using drone images and machine learning to understand the status of soil productivity in sloping vegetable fields. A digital elevation model (DEM) and orthoimages were created from the analysis of images taken by a drone. Then, 13 topographic index maps, such as slopes, were created from the DEM. The orthoimages were then converted to black and white images to quantify surface soil color. Based on the black and white images and topographic indices of the field, the distribution map of 1) organic carbon content of surface soil and 2) layer thickness of A horizon in the study area were delineated by the Regression-Kriging method. The Empirical Bayesian Kriging method was used to delineate maps of 3) gravel content in the soil profile (0–60 cm) and 4) depth to the gravel layer. Using the 13 topographic index maps and the maps from 1) to 4) as features, a predicted soil map was delineated using the random forest method with eight soil series groups as the map unit. Nine features were selected by the best-predicted model. High-Humic Cumulic Allophanic Andosols and Skeletal Cumulic Allophanic Andosols were generally covered on gentle slopes with low LS-Factor, which was calculated by slope and specific catchment area. Skeletal Low-humic Allophanic Andosols were mainly distributed on steep slopes with high LS-Factor and susceptible to soil erosion. A high-resolution soil map reflecting soil erosion was able to delineate using drone images and machine learning in Andosol's sloping upland field.
{"title":"Digital soil mapping using drone images and machine learning at the sloping vegetable fields in cool highland in the Northern Kanto region, Japan","authors":"Y. Takata, Hiroyuki Yamada, Nobuyuki Kanuma, Yuta Ise, Takashi Kanda","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2197453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2197453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the cool highlands agricultural area in the Kanto region in Japan, large-scale vegetable cultivation is taking place in sloping fields where Andosols are distributed. In some steeply sloping fields in the area, soil erosion has resulted in the loss of surface soil and its redeposition, causing heterogeneity of soil productivity. In this study, a high-resolution soil map (1 m resolution) was delineated using drone images and machine learning to understand the status of soil productivity in sloping vegetable fields. A digital elevation model (DEM) and orthoimages were created from the analysis of images taken by a drone. Then, 13 topographic index maps, such as slopes, were created from the DEM. The orthoimages were then converted to black and white images to quantify surface soil color. Based on the black and white images and topographic indices of the field, the distribution map of 1) organic carbon content of surface soil and 2) layer thickness of A horizon in the study area were delineated by the Regression-Kriging method. The Empirical Bayesian Kriging method was used to delineate maps of 3) gravel content in the soil profile (0–60 cm) and 4) depth to the gravel layer. Using the 13 topographic index maps and the maps from 1) to 4) as features, a predicted soil map was delineated using the random forest method with eight soil series groups as the map unit. Nine features were selected by the best-predicted model. High-Humic Cumulic Allophanic Andosols and Skeletal Cumulic Allophanic Andosols were generally covered on gentle slopes with low LS-Factor, which was calculated by slope and specific catchment area. Skeletal Low-humic Allophanic Andosols were mainly distributed on steep slopes with high LS-Factor and susceptible to soil erosion. A high-resolution soil map reflecting soil erosion was able to delineate using drone images and machine learning in Andosol's sloping upland field.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91208656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2190749
A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, Kazuki Togami
ABSTRACT In Japan, soil pH is primarily measured using water with a solid-to-liquid (SL) ratio of 1:2.5, whereas soil pH measurement methods vary by country. Although some soil pH estimation models for each country have been developed to convert soil pH measured by other methods, suitable models for soils in Japan remain unidentified. Therefore, we propose models for estimating the various soil pH values from those measured by water with an SL ratio of 1:2.5. We collected a dataset of 192 topsoil properties in paddy-upland rotation fields in eastern Japan. The dataset comprised soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC, SL ratio of 1:5), particle density, silt and clay content, and total carbon. Soil pH was measured using distilled water (DW), 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) with an SL ratio of 1:1 (pH-1DW), 1:2.5 (pH-2.5DW, pH-2.5CaCl2, pH-2.5KCl), and 1:5 (pH-5DW, pH-5CaCl2, pH-5KCl). The comparison of linear regression models showed that the models comprising pH-2.5DW and intercept were sufficiently accurate to estimate pH-1DW and 5DW. However, to estimate pH-CaCl2 and pH-KCl, the models comprising pH-2.5DW, EC, and intercept were sufficiently accurate. From the study results, we proposed the following equations: pH-1DW = 1.10 × pH-2.5DW − 0.69 (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.19); pH-5DW = 0.80 × pH-2.5DW + 1.32 (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.16); pH-2.5CaCl2 = 0.93 × pH-2.5DW + 1.75 × EC − 0.44 (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.14); pH-5CaCl2 = 0.83 × pH-2.5DW + 2.19 × EC + 0.29 (R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.20); pH-2.5KCl = 0.92 × pH-2.5DW + 2.86 × EC − 0.97 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15); pH-5KCl = 0.88 × pH-2.5DW + 2.94 × EC − 0.57 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15).
{"title":"Estimation models from soil pH with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2.5 to pH measured by other methods using soils in Japan","authors":"A. Takamoto, Tomoki Takahashi, Kazuki Togami","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2190749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2190749","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Japan, soil pH is primarily measured using water with a solid-to-liquid (SL) ratio of 1:2.5, whereas soil pH measurement methods vary by country. Although some soil pH estimation models for each country have been developed to convert soil pH measured by other methods, suitable models for soils in Japan remain unidentified. Therefore, we propose models for estimating the various soil pH values from those measured by water with an SL ratio of 1:2.5. We collected a dataset of 192 topsoil properties in paddy-upland rotation fields in eastern Japan. The dataset comprised soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC, SL ratio of 1:5), particle density, silt and clay content, and total carbon. Soil pH was measured using distilled water (DW), 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) with an SL ratio of 1:1 (pH-1DW), 1:2.5 (pH-2.5DW, pH-2.5CaCl2, pH-2.5KCl), and 1:5 (pH-5DW, pH-5CaCl2, pH-5KCl). The comparison of linear regression models showed that the models comprising pH-2.5DW and intercept were sufficiently accurate to estimate pH-1DW and 5DW. However, to estimate pH-CaCl2 and pH-KCl, the models comprising pH-2.5DW, EC, and intercept were sufficiently accurate. From the study results, we proposed the following equations: pH-1DW = 1.10 × pH-2.5DW − 0.69 (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.19); pH-5DW = 0.80 × pH-2.5DW + 1.32 (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.16); pH-2.5CaCl2 = 0.93 × pH-2.5DW + 1.75 × EC − 0.44 (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.14); pH-5CaCl2 = 0.83 × pH-2.5DW + 2.19 × EC + 0.29 (R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.20); pH-2.5KCl = 0.92 × pH-2.5DW + 2.86 × EC − 0.97 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15); pH-5KCl = 0.88 × pH-2.5DW + 2.94 × EC − 0.57 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15).","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"190 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76531599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2185751
Kenji Sato, T. Hama, R. Tanaka, Risa Wakita, K. Nakamura
ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soils is a serious problem. The mobility and bioavailability of As in agricultural soil are mainly controlled by phosphate and pH. Although there is a potential risk of soil contamination in Japan by geogenic As distributed along the volcanic front, few studies have investigated arsenate adsorption on Andosols, a typical agricultural soil in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phosphate and pH on arsenate adsorption on allophanic Andosols. The adsorption isotherms of Andosols for arsenate and phosphate were determined in batch experiments at different phosphate concentrations and pH. In addition, following the competitive adsorption experiment of arsenate and phosphate, we determined three fractions of the adsorbed arsenate by sequential extraction as easily soluble As fraction (F1; 0.01 mol L−1 NaNO3 extraction), specifically adsorbed As and As mainly bound to poorly crystalline materials (F2; 0.2 mol L−1 NH4-oxalate buffer extraction), and As mainly bound to crystalline materials (F3; 0.2 mol L−1 NH4-oxalate buffer+0.1 mol L−1 ascorbic acid extraction). Andosols adsorbed~96.0% arsenate and~98.3% phosphate at the initial arsenate concentration of 214 µmol L−1 and phosphate concentration of 323 µmol L−1, respectively in each single-anion system. The maximum arsenate adsorption on the Andosols occurred at an equilibrium pH of~3.8 and it decreased with further increasing or decreasing equilibrium pH. Upon 300 µmol L−1 of arsenate addition, the Andosols adsorbed 98.6, 99.4, 91.0, and 65.8% of arsenate at an equilibrium pH of 3.0, 3.8, 6.2, and 7.6, respectively. The effect of pH was incorporated into the parameter of the modified Freundlich model for arsenate adsorption on Andosols. The competitive adsorption experiment results indicated a greater affinity of phosphate than arsenate for Andosols. Sequential extraction revealed that competition with phosphate not only decreased the amount of adsorbed arsenate, but also increased the amount of arsenate in F1, which is mobile and readily available to plants. Thus, phosphate fertilization can increase the mobility and bioavailability of arsenate in agricultural soils.
{"title":"The effects of phosphate and pH on arsenate adsorption on allophanic Andosols in Miyazaki","authors":"Kenji Sato, T. Hama, R. Tanaka, Risa Wakita, K. Nakamura","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2185751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2185751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soils is a serious problem. The mobility and bioavailability of As in agricultural soil are mainly controlled by phosphate and pH. Although there is a potential risk of soil contamination in Japan by geogenic As distributed along the volcanic front, few studies have investigated arsenate adsorption on Andosols, a typical agricultural soil in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phosphate and pH on arsenate adsorption on allophanic Andosols. The adsorption isotherms of Andosols for arsenate and phosphate were determined in batch experiments at different phosphate concentrations and pH. In addition, following the competitive adsorption experiment of arsenate and phosphate, we determined three fractions of the adsorbed arsenate by sequential extraction as easily soluble As fraction (F1; 0.01 mol L−1 NaNO3 extraction), specifically adsorbed As and As mainly bound to poorly crystalline materials (F2; 0.2 mol L−1 NH4-oxalate buffer extraction), and As mainly bound to crystalline materials (F3; 0.2 mol L−1 NH4-oxalate buffer+0.1 mol L−1 ascorbic acid extraction). Andosols adsorbed~96.0% arsenate and~98.3% phosphate at the initial arsenate concentration of 214 µmol L−1 and phosphate concentration of 323 µmol L−1, respectively in each single-anion system. The maximum arsenate adsorption on the Andosols occurred at an equilibrium pH of~3.8 and it decreased with further increasing or decreasing equilibrium pH. Upon 300 µmol L−1 of arsenate addition, the Andosols adsorbed 98.6, 99.4, 91.0, and 65.8% of arsenate at an equilibrium pH of 3.0, 3.8, 6.2, and 7.6, respectively. The effect of pH was incorporated into the parameter of the modified Freundlich model for arsenate adsorption on Andosols. The competitive adsorption experiment results indicated a greater affinity of phosphate than arsenate for Andosols. Sequential extraction revealed that competition with phosphate not only decreased the amount of adsorbed arsenate, but also increased the amount of arsenate in F1, which is mobile and readily available to plants. Thus, phosphate fertilization can increase the mobility and bioavailability of arsenate in agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1984 1","pages":"151 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90341958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2179242
We conducted a field experiment for two successive years with direct seeded rice in the northern Sorachi region of Hokkaido, Japan, to understand the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured by two types of optical sensors and the rice growth index from the fifth leaf stage to the heading stage, as well as to estimate the N uptake from the NDVI. A strong positive exponential correlation was observed between the NDVI and N uptake regardless of the type of sensor used. The correlation could be expressed by a single exponential formula regardless of the growth year or seeding patterns until the heading stage. The NDVI values obtained by the handheld crop sensor had a higher regression coefficient of the estimated N uptake (R 2 = 0.88 and root mean square (RMSE) = 15.4 kg ha −1 ) than those obtained by the satellite image (R 2 = 0.68 and RMSE = 24.9 kg ha −1 ). According to the regression curve between NDVI and N uptake, when the NDVI values were higher to a certain level and were saturated, N uptake consid-erably increased at a similar NDVI regardless of the type of sensor used. Therefore, the regression equations with the NDVI values obtained by the handheld crop sensor were recal-culated when the R 2 was maximum (NDVI <0.76), yielding an RMSE of 12.3 kg ha −1 . Although the RMSE of the estimated N uptake by the NDVI obtained by the handheld crop sensor was slightly higher than the investigation of the growth index (plant length × tiller numbers × leaf color value) (R 2 = 0.92, RMSE = 12.7 kg ha −1 ), it could be a more practical method in terms of ease and investigation time.
为了了解两种光学传感器测量的归一化植被指数(NDVI)与水稻从第五叶期到抽穗期生长指数的关系，并利用NDVI估算水稻对氮的吸收，我们在日本北海道北部Sorachi地区进行了连续两年的田间试验。无论使用何种类型的传感器，NDVI与N吸收量之间都存在很强的正指数相关性。在抽穗期之前，无论生育期或播种方式如何，其相关性都可以用单一指数公式表示。与卫星影像(r2 = 0.68, RMSE = 24.9 kg ha - 1)相比，手持作物传感器获得的NDVI值具有更高的N吸收量回归系数(r2 = 0.88, RMSE = 15.4 kg ha - 1)。从NDVI与N吸收量的回归曲线可以看出，当NDVI达到一定水平并达到饱和时，在相似的NDVI下，无论使用何种类型的传感器，N吸收量都明显增加。因此，在r2最大(NDVI <0.76)时，重新计算手持作物传感器获得的NDVI值的回归方程，得到RMSE为12.3 kg ha−1。虽然手持式作物传感器NDVI估算氮吸收的RMSE略高于生长指数(株长×分蘖数×叶色值)的调查(r2 = 0.92, RMSE = 12.7 kg ha - 1)，但从易用性和调查时间来看，它可能是一种更实用的方法。
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 93 - 6","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2179242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2179242","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a field experiment for two successive years with direct seeded rice in the northern Sorachi region of Hokkaido, Japan, to understand the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured by two types of optical sensors and the rice growth index from the fifth leaf stage to the heading stage, as well as to estimate the N uptake from the NDVI. A strong positive exponential correlation was observed between the NDVI and N uptake regardless of the type of sensor used. The correlation could be expressed by a single exponential formula regardless of the growth year or seeding patterns until the heading stage. The NDVI values obtained by the handheld crop sensor had a higher regression coefficient of the estimated N uptake (R 2 = 0.88 and root mean square (RMSE) = 15.4 kg ha −1 ) than those obtained by the satellite image (R 2 = 0.68 and RMSE = 24.9 kg ha −1 ). According to the regression curve between NDVI and N uptake, when the NDVI values were higher to a certain level and were saturated, N uptake consid-erably increased at a similar NDVI regardless of the type of sensor used. Therefore, the regression equations with the NDVI values obtained by the handheld crop sensor were recal-culated when the R 2 was maximum (NDVI <0.76), yielding an RMSE of 12.3 kg ha −1 . Although the RMSE of the estimated N uptake by the NDVI obtained by the handheld crop sensor was slightly higher than the investigation of the growth index (plant length × tiller numbers × leaf color value) (R 2 = 0.92, RMSE = 12.7 kg ha −1 ), it could be a more practical method in terms of ease and investigation time.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"71 1","pages":"148 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86175035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2181623
Jae-Hyuk Park, Jin-Ju Yun, Jong-Hwan Park, B. Acharya, Kun Han, Ju-Sik Cho, Se-Won Kang
{"title":"Three years of biochar and straw application could reduce greenhouse gas and improve rice productivity","authors":"Jae-Hyuk Park, Jin-Ju Yun, Jong-Hwan Park, B. Acharya, Kun Han, Ju-Sik Cho, Se-Won Kang","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2181623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2181623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74512640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2177493
R. Nakamura, Chikae Tatsumi, H. Kajino, Yutaro Fujimoto, Rei Fujii, Tomohiro Yokobe, Taiki Mori, Naoki Okada
ABSTRACT We aimed to reveal the plant material decomposition rate and abundance of bacteria and fungi in serpentine and karst sites of cool-temperate forests. Given the relatively higher soil pH, we hypothesized a higher decomposition rate of cellulose, lower decomposition rate of lignin-containing plant materials, and lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in serpentine and karst sites than in neighboring non-serpentine/non-karst sites. This study was conducted on serpentine and mudstone sites in deciduous oak forests on Mount Oe and karst and sandstone sites on Mount Ibuki, Japan. We performed a decomposition experiment over 5 months using three chemically distinct materials: cellulose filter, lignin-containing coffee filter, and green tea leaves. These common materials enabled us to compare the in-situ utilization of different carbon substrates by microbial communities between sites. The abundance of bacteria and fungi and their ratio in topsoils and materials that decomposed for 1 month were assessed using quantitative PCR. In contrast to our hypothesis, the decomposition rate was higher in the mudstone site for cellulose and did not differ for the coffee filter compared to the serpentine site. Green teas with higher lignin content than coffee filters decomposed slower at the serpentine site only during the early period of decomposition. The serpentine site showed higher fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials and soil. The karst site also showed different decomposition patterns than our prediction, presenting no clear difference in the cellulose filter compared to the sandstone site. In the karst site, coffee filters decomposed faster at the early period; however, green teas decomposed slower as we expected, especially at the later period of decomposition. The karst site had a lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in the topsoil, but similar fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials compared with the sandstone site. Our results suggest that the decomposition patterns in the serpentine and karst soils are not simply predicted based on soil pH and other distinct characteristics (e.g., soil moisture content and heavy metal concentration) would more strongly contribute to decomposition and microbial community composition in the study mountains.
{"title":"Plant material decomposition and bacterial and fungal communities in serpentine and karst soils of Japanese cool-temperate forests","authors":"R. Nakamura, Chikae Tatsumi, H. Kajino, Yutaro Fujimoto, Rei Fujii, Tomohiro Yokobe, Taiki Mori, Naoki Okada","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2177493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2177493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We aimed to reveal the plant material decomposition rate and abundance of bacteria and fungi in serpentine and karst sites of cool-temperate forests. Given the relatively higher soil pH, we hypothesized a higher decomposition rate of cellulose, lower decomposition rate of lignin-containing plant materials, and lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in serpentine and karst sites than in neighboring non-serpentine/non-karst sites. This study was conducted on serpentine and mudstone sites in deciduous oak forests on Mount Oe and karst and sandstone sites on Mount Ibuki, Japan. We performed a decomposition experiment over 5 months using three chemically distinct materials: cellulose filter, lignin-containing coffee filter, and green tea leaves. These common materials enabled us to compare the in-situ utilization of different carbon substrates by microbial communities between sites. The abundance of bacteria and fungi and their ratio in topsoils and materials that decomposed for 1 month were assessed using quantitative PCR. In contrast to our hypothesis, the decomposition rate was higher in the mudstone site for cellulose and did not differ for the coffee filter compared to the serpentine site. Green teas with higher lignin content than coffee filters decomposed slower at the serpentine site only during the early period of decomposition. The serpentine site showed higher fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials and soil. The karst site also showed different decomposition patterns than our prediction, presenting no clear difference in the cellulose filter compared to the sandstone site. In the karst site, coffee filters decomposed faster at the early period; however, green teas decomposed slower as we expected, especially at the later period of decomposition. The karst site had a lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in the topsoil, but similar fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials compared with the sandstone site. Our results suggest that the decomposition patterns in the serpentine and karst soils are not simply predicted based on soil pH and other distinct characteristics (e.g., soil moisture content and heavy metal concentration) would more strongly contribute to decomposition and microbial community composition in the study mountains.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"163 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89666813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2175178
K. Fujii, Y. Inagaki, Chie Hayakawa, K. Ono
ABSTRACT Decomposition of organic matters in volcanic soils (ando soils) is generally slowed by sorption onto short-range-order minerals, while decomposition of non-charged substrates such as cellulose and glucose is hypothesized to be promoted by high microbial biomass and nitrogen availability, irrespective of short-range-order minerals. To analyze factors regulating decomposition activities of cellulose and glucose, we measured the decomposition rates of cellulose filter papers and the mineralization rates of 14C-labeled glucose in five volcanic soils in Japan. Glucose mineralization activities increased with increasing microbial biomass C and N, while cellulose decomposition activities (standardized with cumulative temperature) were not related to microbial biomass C or N. Cellulose decomposition activities increased with increasing ratio of soil available N relative to microbial biomass N (microbial N availability), while they decreased with decreasing soil pH and with increasing fungal activities. Soils with relatively high soil pH and microbial N availability exhibit the relatively high potentials of cellulose decomposition. Because cellulose decomposition, rather than glucose mineralization, is a rate-limiting step, soil pH and microbial N availability, rather than microbial biomass, could primarily regulate decomposition rates of cellulose and glucose in volcanic soils.
{"title":"Decoupling of cellulose decomposition and glucose mineralization in volcanic forest soils","authors":"K. Fujii, Y. Inagaki, Chie Hayakawa, K. Ono","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2175178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2175178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Decomposition of organic matters in volcanic soils (ando soils) is generally slowed by sorption onto short-range-order minerals, while decomposition of non-charged substrates such as cellulose and glucose is hypothesized to be promoted by high microbial biomass and nitrogen availability, irrespective of short-range-order minerals. To analyze factors regulating decomposition activities of cellulose and glucose, we measured the decomposition rates of cellulose filter papers and the mineralization rates of 14C-labeled glucose in five volcanic soils in Japan. Glucose mineralization activities increased with increasing microbial biomass C and N, while cellulose decomposition activities (standardized with cumulative temperature) were not related to microbial biomass C or N. Cellulose decomposition activities increased with increasing ratio of soil available N relative to microbial biomass N (microbial N availability), while they decreased with decreasing soil pH and with increasing fungal activities. Soils with relatively high soil pH and microbial N availability exhibit the relatively high potentials of cellulose decomposition. Because cellulose decomposition, rather than glucose mineralization, is a rate-limiting step, soil pH and microbial N availability, rather than microbial biomass, could primarily regulate decomposition rates of cellulose and glucose in volcanic soils.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2175177
K. Fujii, Yuri Ichinose, Kazuna Arai, Ken Komatsu, Chie Hayakawa, Dionisio de Guzman Alvindia, Kyoko Watanabe, A. Hartono
ABSTRACT Although silicon (Si) is one of soil abundant constituents and one of the key elements enhancing plant disease resistance, banana uptake of Si is limited by soil Si availability. It remains unclear what factors regulates soil Si availability and whether banana Si uptake increases with increasing soil Si availability in home garden soils. To test whether soil Si availability and banana leaf SiO2 contents are affected by soil types or fertility management practices, we measured (1) banana leaf SiO2 contents along the gradient of livestock inputs in Andisols of Tanzania and (2) water extractable Si, phosphate-buffer extractable Si, and banana leaf SiO2 in the home garden soils with different degree of volcanic ash admixing and with/without leguminous trees in Indonesia (East Java and East Kalimantan). Livestock dung application increased banana leaf SiO2 contents in the Tanzanian home gardens. Water extractable Si increased with increasing soil pH, but soil phosphate-buffer extractable Si and banana leaf SiO2 contents were strongly regulated by oxalate-extractable Si and andic properties in the Indonesian home gardens. Effects of companion trees (agroforestry) increased banana leaf SiO2 only in two of three Andisols (Java). These results suggest that banana leaf SiO2 contents could be primarily regulated by admixing degree of volcanic parent materials rich in weatherable minerals, but that banana leaf SiO2 contents could also be increased by inputs of livestock dung rich in Si (Tanzania) and agroforestry (Indoensia).
{"title":"Effects of soil types and fertility management practices on soil silicon availability and banana silicon uptake","authors":"K. Fujii, Yuri Ichinose, Kazuna Arai, Ken Komatsu, Chie Hayakawa, Dionisio de Guzman Alvindia, Kyoko Watanabe, A. Hartono","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2175177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2175177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although silicon (Si) is one of soil abundant constituents and one of the key elements enhancing plant disease resistance, banana uptake of Si is limited by soil Si availability. It remains unclear what factors regulates soil Si availability and whether banana Si uptake increases with increasing soil Si availability in home garden soils. To test whether soil Si availability and banana leaf SiO2 contents are affected by soil types or fertility management practices, we measured (1) banana leaf SiO2 contents along the gradient of livestock inputs in Andisols of Tanzania and (2) water extractable Si, phosphate-buffer extractable Si, and banana leaf SiO2 in the home garden soils with different degree of volcanic ash admixing and with/without leguminous trees in Indonesia (East Java and East Kalimantan). Livestock dung application increased banana leaf SiO2 contents in the Tanzanian home gardens. Water extractable Si increased with increasing soil pH, but soil phosphate-buffer extractable Si and banana leaf SiO2 contents were strongly regulated by oxalate-extractable Si and andic properties in the Indonesian home gardens. Effects of companion trees (agroforestry) increased banana leaf SiO2 only in two of three Andisols (Java). These results suggest that banana leaf SiO2 contents could be primarily regulated by admixing degree of volcanic parent materials rich in weatherable minerals, but that banana leaf SiO2 contents could also be increased by inputs of livestock dung rich in Si (Tanzania) and agroforestry (Indoensia).","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"69 1","pages":"183 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90554898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2163457
Zengyu Zhang, Yona Chen, D. Mandler, M. Shenker
ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) nanoparticles were hypothesized to exhibit greater mobility in soils than water-soluble P (WSP) and were therefore proposed to be used as a P fertilizer. Unsaturated transport is the main pathway from the application site to plant roots. Though its importance to fertilizer efficacy, quantitative evaluation of unsaturated transport of P nanoparticles has been overlooked to date. Mobility of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite particles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA-nHAP) suspension and WSP (a mixture of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) was evaluated in breakthrough column experiments under unsaturated states using three soils: alkaline sand (sandy-alk), acidic sandy clay loam (sandy-ac) and clayey soils. Next, P retention was determined by total P extraction layer-by-layer from the disassembled soil columns. In all soils, PAA-nHAP exhibited faster transport compared to WSP. In the sandy-alk soil, earlier breakthrough but lower plateau of the final relative P concentration of PAA-nHAP (64.0% vs. 100% of the input P concentration) and consistent low P retention with depth after washing with 10 mM KBr solution for the two sources were observed. In the other two soils, PAA-nHAP displayed greater retention near the inlet and decreased retention with depth. In the sandy-ac soil, no WSP and low final relative concentrations of PAA-nHAP (11.6%) were transported through the soil column. The retention of PAA-nHAP was much lower than that of WSP with depth. In the clayey soil, the breakthrough (relative P concentration >1%) occurred earlier (~35 pore volumes vs. ~45 pore volumes) and the eluted P concentration increased more rapidly (~2.6 times) for PAA-nHAP compared to WSP. The difference between the two sources mainly occurred at the soil surface with higher retention of WSP. Soil properties affected the P retention capacity of the two P sources, but for all soils, P mobility was increased by changing from the common soluble fertilizers to nanoparticles. Adsorption and size exclusion effect are suggested as the major factors affecting nHAP mobility. We suggest that the nHAP transport can be improved by modifying its coating with more negative zeta-potential to decrease coagulation and adopting drip flows with short hydraulic retention time. The design of the nanoparticles needs to take into account soil properties.
磷(P)纳米颗粒在土壤中比水溶性磷(WSP)具有更大的流动性，因此被建议用作磷肥。不饱和转运是从施用部位到植物根系的主要途径。尽管磷纳米颗粒的不饱和转运对肥效有重要意义，但其定量评价一直被忽视。采用突破柱实验研究了聚丙烯酸(PAA-nHAP)悬浮液和WSP (KH2PO4和K2HPO4的混合物)包覆球形纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒在碱性砂(sandy-alk)、酸性砂质粘土壤土(sandy-ac)和粘性土3种土中非饱和状态下的迁移率。接下来，通过从拆解的土柱中逐层提取总磷来确定磷保留量。在所有土壤中，PAA-nHAP均表现出比WSP更快的迁移速度。在砂石质土壤中，PAA-nHAP的最终相对磷浓度突破较早，但平台较低(分别为输入磷浓度的64.0%和100%)，且两种源在10 mM KBr溶液洗涤后的磷保留随深度保持较低。在其他两种土壤中，PAA-nHAP在入口附近表现出较大的滞留，随着深度的增加而减少。在沙质土中，没有WSP, PAA-nHAP最终相对浓度较低(11.6%)。随着深度的增加，PAA-nHAP的保留率远低于WSP。在黏性土壤中，PAA-nHAP比WSP更早突破(P相对浓度>1%)(~35孔体积vs ~45孔体积)，洗脱P浓度增加更快(~2.6倍)。两种来源的差异主要发生在土壤表面，土壤表面WSP滞留量较高。土壤性质影响两种磷源的保磷能力，但对所有土壤来说，从普通可溶性肥料改为纳米颗粒肥料增加了磷的流动性。吸附效应和粒径排斥效应是影响nHAP迁移率的主要因素。我们认为可以通过增加负zeta电位修饰其涂层以减少混凝和采用短水力停留时间的滴流来改善nHAP的输运。纳米颗粒的设计需要考虑到土壤的特性。
{"title":"Transport of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid under unsaturated water flow in soil columns","authors":"Zengyu Zhang, Yona Chen, D. Mandler, M. Shenker","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2163457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2163457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) nanoparticles were hypothesized to exhibit greater mobility in soils than water-soluble P (WSP) and were therefore proposed to be used as a P fertilizer. Unsaturated transport is the main pathway from the application site to plant roots. Though its importance to fertilizer efficacy, quantitative evaluation of unsaturated transport of P nanoparticles has been overlooked to date. Mobility of spherical nano-hydroxyapatite particles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA-nHAP) suspension and WSP (a mixture of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) was evaluated in breakthrough column experiments under unsaturated states using three soils: alkaline sand (sandy-alk), acidic sandy clay loam (sandy-ac) and clayey soils. Next, P retention was determined by total P extraction layer-by-layer from the disassembled soil columns. In all soils, PAA-nHAP exhibited faster transport compared to WSP. In the sandy-alk soil, earlier breakthrough but lower plateau of the final relative P concentration of PAA-nHAP (64.0% vs. 100% of the input P concentration) and consistent low P retention with depth after washing with 10 mM KBr solution for the two sources were observed. In the other two soils, PAA-nHAP displayed greater retention near the inlet and decreased retention with depth. In the sandy-ac soil, no WSP and low final relative concentrations of PAA-nHAP (11.6%) were transported through the soil column. The retention of PAA-nHAP was much lower than that of WSP with depth. In the clayey soil, the breakthrough (relative P concentration >1%) occurred earlier (~35 pore volumes vs. ~45 pore volumes) and the eluted P concentration increased more rapidly (~2.6 times) for PAA-nHAP compared to WSP. The difference between the two sources mainly occurred at the soil surface with higher retention of WSP. Soil properties affected the P retention capacity of the two P sources, but for all soils, P mobility was increased by changing from the common soluble fertilizers to nanoparticles. Adsorption and size exclusion effect are suggested as the major factors affecting nHAP mobility. We suggest that the nHAP transport can be improved by modifying its coating with more negative zeta-potential to decrease coagulation and adopting drip flows with short hydraulic retention time. The design of the nanoparticles needs to take into account soil properties.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"124 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83315876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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