Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2166775
Firdausi Nur Azizah, B. Purwanto, A. Oikawa, T. Shinano, W. Cheng, K. Tawaraya
ABSTRACT Nutrient status of plant affects root exudates of plant. Little is known about effect of potassium status on root exudation. Objective of this study was to identify metabolites in rhizosphere soil of soybean under different potassium conditions. Two soybean cultivars (Satonohohoemi (SAT) and Tachinagaha (TAC)) were grown in soil culture under low (K0, without potassium fertilizer) and normal (K2, 0.42 g K kg−1) soil potassium status. Soil solutions were collected at 15 and 25 DAS. Metabolites in soil solution were detected by CE-TOF MS. Low potassium tolerance was higher in SAT than TAC. Shoot and root K concentration in SAT was lower in K0 than that in K2. Forty-seven metabolites were detected in rhizosphere soil solution of SAT, TAC and without plant. Low K condition increased 6 and 3 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 2 and 4 metabolites concentration with SAT and 2 and 1 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Low K condition decreased 1 and 1 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 6 and 6 metabolites concentration with SAT and 0 and 2 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Increased and decreased metabolites were different between SAT and TAC. These results suggest that K status affect metabolites in root exudate and rhizosphere microbes of soybean and there is cultivar difference in these metabolites.
植物的营养状况影响植物根系分泌物。钾对根系分泌物的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是鉴定不同钾胁迫条件下大豆根际土壤代谢产物。2个大豆品种Satonohohoemi (SAT)和Tachinagaha (TAC)分别在低(K0，无钾肥)和正常(K2, 0.42 g K kg−1)土壤钾状态下进行栽培。在15和25 DAS收集土壤溶液。采用CE-TOF ms检测土壤溶液中代谢物。在K0条件下，SAT的茎部和根部钾浓度低于K2条件下。在无植株的根际土壤溶液中检测到47种代谢物。低钾条件下，无植物土壤溶液中6、3种代谢物浓度、SAT中2、4种代谢物浓度和TAC中2、1种代谢物浓度分别在15和25 DAS时升高。低钾条件下，无植物土壤溶液中1、1种代谢物浓度、6、6种代谢物浓度、6、6种代谢物浓度和0、2种代谢物浓度分别在DAS 15和25时降低。代谢产物的增加和减少在SAT和TAC之间是不同的。这些结果表明，钾离子状态影响大豆根分泌物和根际微生物代谢产物，且这些代谢产物在不同品种间存在差异。
{"title":"Detection of metabolites in rhizosphere of soybean under different status of soil potassium","authors":"Firdausi Nur Azizah, B. Purwanto, A. Oikawa, T. Shinano, W. Cheng, K. Tawaraya","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2166775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2166775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nutrient status of plant affects root exudates of plant. Little is known about effect of potassium status on root exudation. Objective of this study was to identify metabolites in rhizosphere soil of soybean under different potassium conditions. Two soybean cultivars (Satonohohoemi (SAT) and Tachinagaha (TAC)) were grown in soil culture under low (K0, without potassium fertilizer) and normal (K2, 0.42 g K kg−1) soil potassium status. Soil solutions were collected at 15 and 25 DAS. Metabolites in soil solution were detected by CE-TOF MS. Low potassium tolerance was higher in SAT than TAC. Shoot and root K concentration in SAT was lower in K0 than that in K2. Forty-seven metabolites were detected in rhizosphere soil solution of SAT, TAC and without plant. Low K condition increased 6 and 3 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 2 and 4 metabolites concentration with SAT and 2 and 1 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Low K condition decreased 1 and 1 metabolites concentration in soil solution without plant and 6 and 6 metabolites concentration with SAT and 0 and 2 metabolites concentration with TAC, at 15 and 25 DAS, respectively. Increased and decreased metabolites were different between SAT and TAC. These results suggest that K status affect metabolites in root exudate and rhizosphere microbes of soybean and there is cultivar difference in these metabolites.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72512081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-14DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2166776
M. Syaifudin, Masataka Suzuki, Hayato Maruyama, K. Kubo, Toshihiro Watanabe, T. Shinano
ABSTRACT After the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, radioactive cesium (RCs) was released in greater concentrations than radioactive strontium (RSr) in the surrounding environment. Most of the countermeasures were developed to mitigate the RCs transfer from the soil to plants. However, to avoid what has happened after the Chernobyl and Mayak accidents, preventing the transfer of RSr from soil to plants should be a priority. Although the application of potassium (K) fertilizers is the most effective method for preventing agricultural crops from absorbing RCs in contaminated fields, this implementation increases the cost and labor requirements. Considering the preparedness for nuclear accidents, it remains unclear how this countermeasure will be affected if RCs and RSr are released simultaneously. We aimed to explore the effect of K applications on cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) uptake and their interaction with and correlation to other elements in the soybean plants and soil. The field experiments were conducted in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, using different K applications (i.e., no, normal, and high K applications). The dry weight and mineral concentrations of K, Cs, Sr, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and nitrogen (N) concentration in plants and exchangeable K (ExK), exchangeable Cs (ExCs), exchangeable Sr (ExSr), exchangeable Ca (ExCa), exchangeable Mg (ExMg), NH4+ (ammonium), and NO3- (nitrate) concentrations in the soils were evaluated. This study revealed that K application reduced Cs, Ca, and Mg uptake but did not affect the ExSr, ExCa, and ExMg concentrations in the soil and did not change the uptake of Sr. On the other hand, K concentration of the plant especially at later growth stage, which indicates re-translocation of Sr was negatively regulated by K concentration.
{"title":"Potassium applications reduced cesium uptake and altered strontium translocation in soybean plants","authors":"M. Syaifudin, Masataka Suzuki, Hayato Maruyama, K. Kubo, Toshihiro Watanabe, T. Shinano","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2166776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2166776","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, radioactive cesium (RCs) was released in greater concentrations than radioactive strontium (RSr) in the surrounding environment. Most of the countermeasures were developed to mitigate the RCs transfer from the soil to plants. However, to avoid what has happened after the Chernobyl and Mayak accidents, preventing the transfer of RSr from soil to plants should be a priority. Although the application of potassium (K) fertilizers is the most effective method for preventing agricultural crops from absorbing RCs in contaminated fields, this implementation increases the cost and labor requirements. Considering the preparedness for nuclear accidents, it remains unclear how this countermeasure will be affected if RCs and RSr are released simultaneously. We aimed to explore the effect of K applications on cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) uptake and their interaction with and correlation to other elements in the soybean plants and soil. The field experiments were conducted in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, using different K applications (i.e., no, normal, and high K applications). The dry weight and mineral concentrations of K, Cs, Sr, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and nitrogen (N) concentration in plants and exchangeable K (ExK), exchangeable Cs (ExCs), exchangeable Sr (ExSr), exchangeable Ca (ExCa), exchangeable Mg (ExMg), NH4+ (ammonium), and NO3- (nitrate) concentrations in the soils were evaluated. This study revealed that K application reduced Cs, Ca, and Mg uptake but did not affect the ExSr, ExCa, and ExMg concentrations in the soil and did not change the uptake of Sr. On the other hand, K concentration of the plant especially at later growth stage, which indicates re-translocation of Sr was negatively regulated by K concentration.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"88 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80908913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2163837
K. Matsuoka, N. Moritsuka, R. Nakano, T. Nakazaki
ABSTRACT The construction of banks and surface soil cutting involved in newly reclaiming orchards may cause spatial variability in soil properties, which could cause poor fruit tree productivity. This study examined spatial relationships between variations in peach tree properties and soil properties around each tree and assessed the possibility of site-specific field management for individual trees in a newly reclaimed orchard. Three and four years after reclamation in 2016, the 0.1-ha field located in Kyoto, Japan was divided into 32 grid cells at 5-m intervals for all individual peach trees and 128 grid cells at 2.5-m intervals for measuring soil properties around each tree (field scale). The 128 grid cells were each further divided into five positions at 0.71-m intervals for assessing selected soil properties (grid-cell scale). The soil data were geostatistically analyzed by calculating the nugget/sill ratios and anisotropy ratios (degree of variation in relation to direction) and drawing kriged maps. Coefficients of variation of soil properties at the grid-cell scale were much higher than those at the field scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis at the field scale indicated that the tree productivity was most strongly correlated with relative altitude, followed by the degree of soil reduction, time-domain reflectometry electrical conductivity (TDR-EC), subsoil pH (H2O), and TDR-volumetric water content. Tree productivity tended to be lower at lower elevations, where the degree of soil reduction, TDR-EC, subsoil pH (H2O), and soil water content tended to be high. Poor productivity appeared to be related to wet injury. Semivariograms of the soil properties related to soil water showed strong spatial dependence and had nugget/sill ratios of ≤24.0%. Kriged maps and anisotropy ratios further indicated that most tree property values decreased from southeast to northwest and showed variations similar to those of the soil properties related to soil water. Fine-scale mapping of soil properties in the orchard could reveal spatial soil-property variations around individual peach trees, and the result would imply the importance of soil management practices on a per-tree basis. Our findings could help to improve tree productivity in the northwestern area by increasing soil drainage for individual trees.
{"title":"Spatial relationship between peach tree productivity and soil properties in a newly reclaimed orchard","authors":"K. Matsuoka, N. Moritsuka, R. Nakano, T. Nakazaki","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2163837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2163837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The construction of banks and surface soil cutting involved in newly reclaiming orchards may cause spatial variability in soil properties, which could cause poor fruit tree productivity. This study examined spatial relationships between variations in peach tree properties and soil properties around each tree and assessed the possibility of site-specific field management for individual trees in a newly reclaimed orchard. Three and four years after reclamation in 2016, the 0.1-ha field located in Kyoto, Japan was divided into 32 grid cells at 5-m intervals for all individual peach trees and 128 grid cells at 2.5-m intervals for measuring soil properties around each tree (field scale). The 128 grid cells were each further divided into five positions at 0.71-m intervals for assessing selected soil properties (grid-cell scale). The soil data were geostatistically analyzed by calculating the nugget/sill ratios and anisotropy ratios (degree of variation in relation to direction) and drawing kriged maps. Coefficients of variation of soil properties at the grid-cell scale were much higher than those at the field scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis at the field scale indicated that the tree productivity was most strongly correlated with relative altitude, followed by the degree of soil reduction, time-domain reflectometry electrical conductivity (TDR-EC), subsoil pH (H2O), and TDR-volumetric water content. Tree productivity tended to be lower at lower elevations, where the degree of soil reduction, TDR-EC, subsoil pH (H2O), and soil water content tended to be high. Poor productivity appeared to be related to wet injury. Semivariograms of the soil properties related to soil water showed strong spatial dependence and had nugget/sill ratios of ≤24.0%. Kriged maps and anisotropy ratios further indicated that most tree property values decreased from southeast to northwest and showed variations similar to those of the soil properties related to soil water. Fine-scale mapping of soil properties in the orchard could reveal spatial soil-property variations around individual peach trees, and the result would imply the importance of soil management practices on a per-tree basis. Our findings could help to improve tree productivity in the northwestern area by increasing soil drainage for individual trees.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"109 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83408677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2160622
T. M. Chau, Takashi Someya, S. Akao, Masato R. Nakamura, Fumiko Oritate, H. Somura, S. Yamane, M. Maeda
ABSTRACT Although the use of kitchen waste compost is very common, GHG emissions from soil amended with kitchen waste compost have not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effects of kitchen compost age and application rates on GHG emissions to identify optimal compost management. Soil samples mixed with kitchen waste compost at three different ages: 1 month (1M), 2 months (2M), and 3 months (3M) at two application rates (1% and 2% w/w) were incubated at 25°C for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were determined on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions decreased with compost age (p < 0.05). Increased application rates of compost led to increased CO2 emissions and suppression of N2O emissions. Furthermore, CH4 was emitted from soil amended with kitchen compost even under aerobic conditions. This study suggests that 3M kitchen waste compost is optimal in terms of GHG emissions upon application to soil under aerobic conditions.
{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil amended with kitchen compost of varying ages","authors":"T. M. Chau, Takashi Someya, S. Akao, Masato R. Nakamura, Fumiko Oritate, H. Somura, S. Yamane, M. Maeda","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2160622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2160622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although the use of kitchen waste compost is very common, GHG emissions from soil amended with kitchen waste compost have not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effects of kitchen compost age and application rates on GHG emissions to identify optimal compost management. Soil samples mixed with kitchen waste compost at three different ages: 1 month (1M), 2 months (2M), and 3 months (3M) at two application rates (1% and 2% w/w) were incubated at 25°C for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were determined on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions decreased with compost age (p < 0.05). Increased application rates of compost led to increased CO2 emissions and suppression of N2O emissions. Furthermore, CH4 was emitted from soil amended with kitchen compost even under aerobic conditions. This study suggests that 3M kitchen waste compost is optimal in terms of GHG emissions upon application to soil under aerobic conditions.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"137 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82142326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2164675
P. Saengwilai, Peerapol Bootti, Lompong Klinnawee
ABSTRACT While the adaptation and responses of model plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency are well documented, those of the rubber tree remain unclear. Here, we investigated above‐ and below‐ground responses of rubber tree seedlings over the development of the first to third extension unit in a mesocosm system. Rubber tree seedlings were grown in high and low phosphorus soil for 7 months. Tissue nutrient contents, morphological, and physiological traits were quantified. We found that low P significantly reduced leaf P content, photosynthetic capabilities, and induced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, particularly in old leaves. Root traits were significantly affected by P stress early in their development. Root surface area and volume were increased through reduced lateral root branching and increased lateral root length. The alteration of root architectural traits took place prior to the reduction of P content in roots and leaves. Our findings provide new insights into rubber tree physiology and the effective fertilization management of rubber plantation in low P soils.
{"title":"Responses of rubber tree seedlings (Hevea brasiliensis) to phosphorus deficient soils","authors":"P. Saengwilai, Peerapol Bootti, Lompong Klinnawee","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2164675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2164675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the adaptation and responses of model plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency are well documented, those of the rubber tree remain unclear. Here, we investigated above‐ and below‐ground responses of rubber tree seedlings over the development of the first to third extension unit in a mesocosm system. Rubber tree seedlings were grown in high and low phosphorus soil for 7 months. Tissue nutrient contents, morphological, and physiological traits were quantified. We found that low P significantly reduced leaf P content, photosynthetic capabilities, and induced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, particularly in old leaves. Root traits were significantly affected by P stress early in their development. Root surface area and volume were increased through reduced lateral root branching and increased lateral root length. The alteration of root architectural traits took place prior to the reduction of P content in roots and leaves. Our findings provide new insights into rubber tree physiology and the effective fertilization management of rubber plantation in low P soils.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"78 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90647313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2152263
T. Shinano, Satoshi Asaeda, Saeko Yashiro, Takashi Saito, Hayato Maruyama, Tomoaki Nemoto, M. Hachinohe
ABSTRACT To evaluate the effectiveness of potassium (K) application in mitigating137Cs transfer from soil to plants, several vegetable species were cultivated under field and pot experiments. In the field experiment, squash, sweet potato, turnip, potato, and carrot were examined in 2020 and 2021 in two different areas of Hamadori (coastal region in Fukushima Prefecture). Transfer factor (TF) was calculated by dividing harvest radioactivity (Bq kg−1 dry or fresh) to soil radioactivity (Bq kg−1 dry) and was negatively correlated with the amount of exchangeable K (ExK) at harvest, regardless of the species, year, and location. In the pot experiment, edamame (immature soybean seed), spinach, turnip, and komatsuna were cultivated, and it was confirmed that ExK was the most powerful factor in regulating TF. Based on the relationship between ExK and TF for each vegetable species, the amount of ExK required to keep the 137Cs concentration lower than a certain level (standard limitation value and one-quarter of that value) was calculated.
{"title":"Radioactive Cs transfer to vegetables after the FDNPP accident","authors":"T. Shinano, Satoshi Asaeda, Saeko Yashiro, Takashi Saito, Hayato Maruyama, Tomoaki Nemoto, M. Hachinohe","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2152263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2152263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To evaluate the effectiveness of potassium (K) application in mitigating137Cs transfer from soil to plants, several vegetable species were cultivated under field and pot experiments. In the field experiment, squash, sweet potato, turnip, potato, and carrot were examined in 2020 and 2021 in two different areas of Hamadori (coastal region in Fukushima Prefecture). Transfer factor (TF) was calculated by dividing harvest radioactivity (Bq kg−1 dry or fresh) to soil radioactivity (Bq kg−1 dry) and was negatively correlated with the amount of exchangeable K (ExK) at harvest, regardless of the species, year, and location. In the pot experiment, edamame (immature soybean seed), spinach, turnip, and komatsuna were cultivated, and it was confirmed that ExK was the most powerful factor in regulating TF. Based on the relationship between ExK and TF for each vegetable species, the amount of ExK required to keep the 137Cs concentration lower than a certain level (standard limitation value and one-quarter of that value) was calculated.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"43 1","pages":"54 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90733144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2160623
R. Ito, J. Yanai, A. Nakao
ABSTRACT To investigate the interactive effects of parent material and topography as soil forming factors, we examined the distribution of soil materials in an alluvial plain, where two types of surface geology were situated upstream and different parent materials supplied accordingly. We hypothesized that these two types of parent material make it possible to trace alluvial processes by analyzing their spatial distribution based on soil physicochemical properties. We collected 101 soil samples from the alluvial plain and nine soil samples from two types of unmixed upstream areas, i.e., granite and mélange. Particle size distributions and total concentrations of 32 elements were analyzed for spatial variabilities. Elemental composition of unmixed upstream samples and isarithmic maps of elemental composition of the soils in the alluvial plain based on geostatistical analysis revealed that gravel, coarse sand and total Na, Al, K, Ca, and Mn concentrations were higher at the southern part close to granite rock areas, whereas silt+clay content and total C, N, Mg, Ti, and Fe concentrations were higher at the northern part close to the mélange area, suggesting strong influence from parent material. In contrast, fine sand content and total P and Si concentrations showed west-east trends, suggesting topography effects reflecting particle size selection. Directional semivariograms suggest coarse sand and silt+clay content, as well as total C, N, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, and Mn concentrations were more strongly affected by parent material, whereas gravel and fine sand and total P concentration were more strongly affected by topography. Accordingly, the combination of elemental composition analysis and geostatistics revealed that the contribution of parent material and topography to total elemental contents in paddy surface soils in the alluvial plain varied among elements. In conclusion, evaluation of the interactive effects of parent material and topography on spatial variability of soil material characteristics enabled better understanding of soil formation processes and their potential fertility.
{"title":"Interactive effect of parent material and topography on spatial variability of paddy soil material characteristics in the alluvial plain","authors":"R. Ito, J. Yanai, A. Nakao","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2160623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2160623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To investigate the interactive effects of parent material and topography as soil forming factors, we examined the distribution of soil materials in an alluvial plain, where two types of surface geology were situated upstream and different parent materials supplied accordingly. We hypothesized that these two types of parent material make it possible to trace alluvial processes by analyzing their spatial distribution based on soil physicochemical properties. We collected 101 soil samples from the alluvial plain and nine soil samples from two types of unmixed upstream areas, i.e., granite and mélange. Particle size distributions and total concentrations of 32 elements were analyzed for spatial variabilities. Elemental composition of unmixed upstream samples and isarithmic maps of elemental composition of the soils in the alluvial plain based on geostatistical analysis revealed that gravel, coarse sand and total Na, Al, K, Ca, and Mn concentrations were higher at the southern part close to granite rock areas, whereas silt+clay content and total C, N, Mg, Ti, and Fe concentrations were higher at the northern part close to the mélange area, suggesting strong influence from parent material. In contrast, fine sand content and total P and Si concentrations showed west-east trends, suggesting topography effects reflecting particle size selection. Directional semivariograms suggest coarse sand and silt+clay content, as well as total C, N, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, and Mn concentrations were more strongly affected by parent material, whereas gravel and fine sand and total P concentration were more strongly affected by topography. Accordingly, the combination of elemental composition analysis and geostatistics revealed that the contribution of parent material and topography to total elemental contents in paddy surface soils in the alluvial plain varied among elements. In conclusion, evaluation of the interactive effects of parent material and topography on spatial variability of soil material characteristics enabled better understanding of soil formation processes and their potential fertility.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"26 1","pages":"99 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78602472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2153420
Corn silage was grown yearly from 2007 to 2012 with three different fertilization treatments: one experimental plot was treated with chemical fertilizer (C) and the other two plots with organic fertilizers of composted cow manure (M) and slurry (S), respectively. A monolith-type capillary lysimeter packed with an undisturbed subsurface soil core of 20–70-cm depth and a diameter of 25 cm was buried below the plow layer in the field to measure leachate volume and inorganic N concentration. The simulated results using modified LEACHM showed a reasonably good agreement with the measured inorganic N concentration patterns, such as the magnitude and timing of peak N concentrations, in the three treatments despite the dif-ferences in the applied N sources. However, the performance of the model with respect to cumulative amounts of inorganic N leached yearly and/or during the whole experimental period varied between years and plots. Overall, the model was a valuable tool for predicting N leaching and examining various scenarios in corn silage fields treated with different N sources in this region. Future studies on separately determining the N mineralization rates of humus and crop residue, as well as the N transformation of composted manure and slurry, would be valuable in further improving the model’s prediction.
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 93 - 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2153420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2153420","url":null,"abstract":"Corn silage was grown yearly from 2007 to 2012 with three different fertilization treatments: one experimental plot was treated with chemical fertilizer (C) and the other two plots with organic fertilizers of composted cow manure (M) and slurry (S), respectively. A monolith-type capillary lysimeter packed with an undisturbed subsurface soil core of 20–70-cm depth and a diameter of 25 cm was buried below the plow layer in the field to measure leachate volume and inorganic N concentration. The simulated results using modified LEACHM showed a reasonably good agreement with the measured inorganic N concentration patterns, such as the magnitude and timing of peak N concentrations, in the three treatments despite the dif-ferences in the applied N sources. However, the performance of the model with respect to cumulative amounts of inorganic N leached yearly and/or during the whole experimental period varied between years and plots. Overall, the model was a valuable tool for predicting N leaching and examining various scenarios in corn silage fields treated with different N sources in this region. Future studies on separately determining the N mineralization rates of humus and crop residue, as well as the N transformation of composted manure and slurry, would be valuable in further improving the model’s prediction.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"68 1","pages":"66 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72883338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2153346
Naoyuki Sotta, S. Niikura, Takehiro Kamiya, T. Fujiwara
ABSTRACT Brown heart, or internal browning, is a physiological disorder in crops including radish. It is characterized by brown pigmentation in the internal tissue, which significantly reduces commercial value of the products. Field studies have revealed that the appearance of symptom is correlated with several stresses, including drought, high temperature, and boron deficiency. However, fluctuating and non-reproducible environmental factors in field experiments complicate the interpretation of the direct cause of the symptom. For studying the mechanism of the symptom, experiments under more controlled conditions with less fluctuating environmental factors are desirable. Here, we established culture method to observe brown heart in lab condition, where light, temperature, and nutrient is controlled. Under our culture conditions, we successfully observed internal browning in Japanese radish by lowering boron concentrations without heat and drought stresses, indicating that boron deficiency alone can cause internal browning. Furthermore, we cultured three cultivars and observed differences in susceptibility to internal browning, establishing that our culture method is applicable for studies that utilize inter-cultivar variations, such as QTL mapping.
{"title":"A low boron condition without high temperature stress induces internal browning in Raphanus sativus L. (Japanese radish)","authors":"Naoyuki Sotta, S. Niikura, Takehiro Kamiya, T. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2153346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2153346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Brown heart, or internal browning, is a physiological disorder in crops including radish. It is characterized by brown pigmentation in the internal tissue, which significantly reduces commercial value of the products. Field studies have revealed that the appearance of symptom is correlated with several stresses, including drought, high temperature, and boron deficiency. However, fluctuating and non-reproducible environmental factors in field experiments complicate the interpretation of the direct cause of the symptom. For studying the mechanism of the symptom, experiments under more controlled conditions with less fluctuating environmental factors are desirable. Here, we established culture method to observe brown heart in lab condition, where light, temperature, and nutrient is controlled. Under our culture conditions, we successfully observed internal browning in Japanese radish by lowering boron concentrations without heat and drought stresses, indicating that boron deficiency alone can cause internal browning. Furthermore, we cultured three cultivars and observed differences in susceptibility to internal browning, establishing that our culture method is applicable for studies that utilize inter-cultivar variations, such as QTL mapping.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"19 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88601582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2022.2153345
R. Ohtomo, S. Morimoto, K. Nagaoka, T. Karasawa, Takuji Nakamura, N. Oka
ABSTRACT Estimating arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal activity to colonize crop root before cultivation is prerequisite for effective utilization of their functions which enhance growth and yield of the plant especially under low fertilizer input. We have hypothesized that the infection unit (IU) density formed on test plant roots grown for short period (12 days) with soil sampled from soybean production fields would be an effective indicator to predict AM fungal colonization intensity to the plant. In order to test this hypothesis, three-year farmland survey was conducted, in which soil samples before sowing soybean and the plant root samples at third trifoliate (V3) and full bloom (R2) stage were collected from farmers’ fields in two regions in Hokkaido, Iwamizawa and Tokachi. For each sampling spot, IU density was determined by using test plants, and intensity of AM fungal colonization of soybean root was measured. Before pursuing field survey, laboratory experiments were conducted to find out proper soil storage condition that keeps IU density unchanged while handling many soil samples. Our results indicated that IU density was almost comparable to the original value after six-month storage if soil samples were kept in a refrigerator, although storing at ambient temperature significantly decreased the measurement. Air drying also had negative impact on IU density. According to the field survey, IU densities determined using field soil were positively and significantly correlated with AM fungal colonization of soybean roots at both V3 and R2 stages. Differences in climate, soil type, and style of agriculture between Iwamizawa and Tokachi seemed to have little effect on IU density-AM fungal colonization relationship. Other than IU density, soil pH and soil penetration resistance at 10 cm depth were selected as significant explanatory variables for predicting AM fungal colonization by multiple regression analysis. However, IU density was the most influential factor among three. Therefore, IU density is recognized as an effective measure to evaluate AM fungal colonizing activity in field soil.
{"title":"Predicting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of soybean in farmers’ fields by using infection unit density","authors":"R. Ohtomo, S. Morimoto, K. Nagaoka, T. Karasawa, Takuji Nakamura, N. Oka","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2022.2153345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2022.2153345","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estimating arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal activity to colonize crop root before cultivation is prerequisite for effective utilization of their functions which enhance growth and yield of the plant especially under low fertilizer input. We have hypothesized that the infection unit (IU) density formed on test plant roots grown for short period (12 days) with soil sampled from soybean production fields would be an effective indicator to predict AM fungal colonization intensity to the plant. In order to test this hypothesis, three-year farmland survey was conducted, in which soil samples before sowing soybean and the plant root samples at third trifoliate (V3) and full bloom (R2) stage were collected from farmers’ fields in two regions in Hokkaido, Iwamizawa and Tokachi. For each sampling spot, IU density was determined by using test plants, and intensity of AM fungal colonization of soybean root was measured. Before pursuing field survey, laboratory experiments were conducted to find out proper soil storage condition that keeps IU density unchanged while handling many soil samples. Our results indicated that IU density was almost comparable to the original value after six-month storage if soil samples were kept in a refrigerator, although storing at ambient temperature significantly decreased the measurement. Air drying also had negative impact on IU density. According to the field survey, IU densities determined using field soil were positively and significantly correlated with AM fungal colonization of soybean roots at both V3 and R2 stages. Differences in climate, soil type, and style of agriculture between Iwamizawa and Tokachi seemed to have little effect on IU density-AM fungal colonization relationship. Other than IU density, soil pH and soil penetration resistance at 10 cm depth were selected as significant explanatory variables for predicting AM fungal colonization by multiple regression analysis. However, IU density was the most influential factor among three. Therefore, IU density is recognized as an effective measure to evaluate AM fungal colonizing activity in field soil.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"56 1","pages":"10 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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