Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2234396
Shimpei Uraguchi, Y. Ohshiro, Kaede Abe, Yuta Tsuchiya, Ryosuke Nakamura, Yasukazu Takanezawa, M. Kiyono
ABSTRACT There is increasing demand for solutions against cadmium pollution to secure food safety, and phytoremediation is one of the potential tools. We previously found that a bacterial mercury transporter MerC possesses cadmium uptake activity and its overexpression as a fusion protein with a plasma-membrane resident SNARE protein, SYP121 enhances the cadmium uptake ability of Arabidopsis plants. In this study, we examined whether two different root cell-type specific expression systems of MerC-SYP121 fusion protein could efficiently enhance cadmium accumulation of Arabidopsis plants, compared to the p35S-driven ubiquitous expression system. Representative transgenic lines expressing MerC-SYP121 in root surface cells (pEpi lines) or root endodermal cells (pSCR lines), established in our previous studies, were subjected to different cadmium treatments along with the p35S line. A vertical agar plate assay showed that root surface-specific line pEpi, as well as the p35S line, showed about 15% higher cadmium accumulation in shoots after one-day 10 µM cadmium treatment, compared to the wild-type Col-0. On the other hand, the endodermis-specific line pSCR accumulated 30% less cadmium in its shoots. A similar cadmium accumulation pattern in shoots was observed under the environmentally relevant much lower cadmium treatment of 0.1 µM for 4 d, using the hydroponic culture system. To further examine the potential of the MerC-SYP121 expression system for cadmium phytoremediation, the transgenic plants were hydroponically exposed to 0.1 µM for 4 weeks. The cadmium accumulation after the 4 weeks of treatment was again 16% higher in the pEpi shoots compared to that of Col-0, whereas the p35S line only showed 6% higher Cd concentration. Shoots of the pSCR line accumulated slightly less cadmium compared to Col-0. Ionomic profiles in these plants were analyzed, however, pSCR-specific patterns were not evident. Nevertheless, in our previous studies, pEpi and pSCR lines both efficiently accumulated more mercury in shoots than in the wild-type. The presented results suggest that the effects of cell-type-specific MerC-SYP121 expression differ by the target metals and its expression in root surface cells rather than that in endodermis is suitable for enhancing root cadmium uptake and subsequent shoot accumulation.
{"title":"Root cell-type specific expressions of bacterial mercury transporter MerC and plant SNARE SYP121 fusion protein differentially affect cadmium accumulation patterns of Arabidopsis","authors":"Shimpei Uraguchi, Y. Ohshiro, Kaede Abe, Yuta Tsuchiya, Ryosuke Nakamura, Yasukazu Takanezawa, M. Kiyono","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2234396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2234396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is increasing demand for solutions against cadmium pollution to secure food safety, and phytoremediation is one of the potential tools. We previously found that a bacterial mercury transporter MerC possesses cadmium uptake activity and its overexpression as a fusion protein with a plasma-membrane resident SNARE protein, SYP121 enhances the cadmium uptake ability of Arabidopsis plants. In this study, we examined whether two different root cell-type specific expression systems of MerC-SYP121 fusion protein could efficiently enhance cadmium accumulation of Arabidopsis plants, compared to the p35S-driven ubiquitous expression system. Representative transgenic lines expressing MerC-SYP121 in root surface cells (pEpi lines) or root endodermal cells (pSCR lines), established in our previous studies, were subjected to different cadmium treatments along with the p35S line. A vertical agar plate assay showed that root surface-specific line pEpi, as well as the p35S line, showed about 15% higher cadmium accumulation in shoots after one-day 10 µM cadmium treatment, compared to the wild-type Col-0. On the other hand, the endodermis-specific line pSCR accumulated 30% less cadmium in its shoots. A similar cadmium accumulation pattern in shoots was observed under the environmentally relevant much lower cadmium treatment of 0.1 µM for 4 d, using the hydroponic culture system. To further examine the potential of the MerC-SYP121 expression system for cadmium phytoremediation, the transgenic plants were hydroponically exposed to 0.1 µM for 4 weeks. The cadmium accumulation after the 4 weeks of treatment was again 16% higher in the pEpi shoots compared to that of Col-0, whereas the p35S line only showed 6% higher Cd concentration. Shoots of the pSCR line accumulated slightly less cadmium compared to Col-0. Ionomic profiles in these plants were analyzed, however, pSCR-specific patterns were not evident. Nevertheless, in our previous studies, pEpi and pSCR lines both efficiently accumulated more mercury in shoots than in the wild-type. The presented results suggest that the effects of cell-type-specific MerC-SYP121 expression differ by the target metals and its expression in root surface cells rather than that in endodermis is suitable for enhancing root cadmium uptake and subsequent shoot accumulation.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2231013
Yuri Ichinose, Yuta Ise, Takashi Kanda, Y. Maejima, Tetsuo Yagi, Yoshinori Takahashi, Shinpei Nakagawa, Kiyomi Kamiyama, H. Iwasa, Ayako Kadokura Kadokura (Kaneko), Yoshinori Ohashi, Shigeo Komatsu, M. Matsuyama, Yusuke Hirayama, Toshiyuki Mochida, K. Matsui, T. Takimoto, H. Obara, H. Kubotera, Y. Takata
ABSTRACT Available soil nitrogen (Av-N) is an important indicator for understanding the soil fertility in paddy fields. Previous studies have reported a decline in Av-N resulting from paddy-upland rotation at a regional scale in Japan, while the factors influencing this phenomenon on a national scale are not well understood. This study aims to assess the effects of soil temperature, land use, soil type and soil texture on Av-N in paddy fields across Japan. Soil surveys were conducted in 13 prefectures in 2020 and 2021, involving the collection of soil samples from the plow layer in a total of 2,600 paddy fields. Our results revealed that soil temperature had the most significant influence on Av-N, followed by land use and soil type. Av-N exhibited a negative correlation with soil temperature, whereby the average Av-N in the thermic soil temperature regime (>15°C, Av-N: 107 ± 48 mg kg−1) significantly lower than that in the mesic soil temperature regime (≤15°C, Av-N: 166 ± 74 mg kg−1). Increased upland frequency in paddy fields led to a decrease in Av-N, particularly pronounced in the thermic soil temperature regime, while partially mitigated in the mesic soil temperature regime. In the thermic soil temperature regime, paddy fields with long-term upland usage (upland frequency of paddy fields was more than 50%) had an average Av-N of 50 mg kg−1, necessitating additional organic matter application. Furthermore, the results concerning soil type and soil texture indicated that Av-N was higher in wet soil compared to semi-wet soil, and fine-textured soil had higher Av-N than medium-course textured soil. These findings underscore the negative effect of accelerated drying in paddy fields due to the expanding practice of paddy-upland rotation, leading to decreased Av-N. In conclusion, our study proposes the importance of organic matter management practices, with a primary emphasis on soil temperature, further refined by considering land use and soil type, to ensure the maintenance of adequate Av-N levels in paddy fields in Japan.
{"title":"Factors controlling available soil nitrogen in Japanese paddy fields","authors":"Yuri Ichinose, Yuta Ise, Takashi Kanda, Y. Maejima, Tetsuo Yagi, Yoshinori Takahashi, Shinpei Nakagawa, Kiyomi Kamiyama, H. Iwasa, Ayako Kadokura Kadokura (Kaneko), Yoshinori Ohashi, Shigeo Komatsu, M. Matsuyama, Yusuke Hirayama, Toshiyuki Mochida, K. Matsui, T. Takimoto, H. Obara, H. Kubotera, Y. Takata","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2231013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2231013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Available soil nitrogen (Av-N) is an important indicator for understanding the soil fertility in paddy fields. Previous studies have reported a decline in Av-N resulting from paddy-upland rotation at a regional scale in Japan, while the factors influencing this phenomenon on a national scale are not well understood. This study aims to assess the effects of soil temperature, land use, soil type and soil texture on Av-N in paddy fields across Japan. Soil surveys were conducted in 13 prefectures in 2020 and 2021, involving the collection of soil samples from the plow layer in a total of 2,600 paddy fields. Our results revealed that soil temperature had the most significant influence on Av-N, followed by land use and soil type. Av-N exhibited a negative correlation with soil temperature, whereby the average Av-N in the thermic soil temperature regime (>15°C, Av-N: 107 ± 48 mg kg−1) significantly lower than that in the mesic soil temperature regime (≤15°C, Av-N: 166 ± 74 mg kg−1). Increased upland frequency in paddy fields led to a decrease in Av-N, particularly pronounced in the thermic soil temperature regime, while partially mitigated in the mesic soil temperature regime. In the thermic soil temperature regime, paddy fields with long-term upland usage (upland frequency of paddy fields was more than 50%) had an average Av-N of 50 mg kg−1, necessitating additional organic matter application. Furthermore, the results concerning soil type and soil texture indicated that Av-N was higher in wet soil compared to semi-wet soil, and fine-textured soil had higher Av-N than medium-course textured soil. These findings underscore the negative effect of accelerated drying in paddy fields due to the expanding practice of paddy-upland rotation, leading to decreased Av-N. In conclusion, our study proposes the importance of organic matter management practices, with a primary emphasis on soil temperature, further refined by considering land use and soil type, to ensure the maintenance of adequate Av-N levels in paddy fields in Japan.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82570261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2220261
Masanori Saito
0.46. Potential (maximum) N mineralization was found to be positively correlated with ADSON content in organic amendments, indicating chemical properties of organic amendments that account for N mineralization in soil
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 94 - 2","authors":"Masanori Saito","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2220261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2220261","url":null,"abstract":"0.46. Potential (maximum) N mineralization was found to be positively correlated with ADSON content in organic amendments, indicating chemical properties of organic amendments that account for N mineralization in soil","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"69 1","pages":"262 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78317034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2220260
Masanori Saito
In order to accumulate more organic matter in upland soil, it is necessary to increase the adsorption sites for organic matter, which requires the addition of materials, such as clay and amorphous aluminum.
为了在旱地土壤中积累更多的有机物，需要增加有机物的吸附位点，这需要添加粘土和无定形铝等材料。
{"title":"Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi 94 - 1","authors":"Masanori Saito","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2220260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2220260","url":null,"abstract":"In order to accumulate more organic matter in upland soil, it is necessary to increase the adsorption sites for organic matter, which requires the addition of materials, such as clay and amorphous aluminum.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":" 12","pages":"260 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72383728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2230228
S. Takeuchi, Kosei Yamashita, Y. Hashimoto
ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between the solubility and the chemical speciation of plant nutritional elements (K, Ca, and Si) in wood ash treated with a dilute solution of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The diluted acid solutions were added to fly ash (FA) collected from a power plant, and the untreated and acid-treated FAs were analyzed for their contents of K, Ca, and Si. The crystalline phases of the untreated and acid-treated FAs were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Si species were determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid treatments did not affect the solubility of K in FA. Water soluble and citrate soluble K in FA were decreased by the addition of these acids. The water soluble Ca content in FA treated with phosphoric acid did not show a significant change compared to that in the untreated FA, but it increased up to 65 times in FA treated with sulfuric acid. It is suggested that CaCO3, which was the main Ca species in the untreated FA, was transformed into syngenite and gypsum by the sulfuric acid treatment. Hydrochloric acid soluble Si in the acid-treated FA decreased compared to that in the untreated FA. In contrast, the NaOH-soluble Si fraction, a method for selectively extracting silica gel, increased especially in the phosphoric acid-treated FA. The results of XANES analysis showed that the FA samples treated with 10–30% sulfuric acid or 10–30% phosphoric acid had a lower degree of Si polymerization than the untreated FA, which corresponded generally to the increased Si solubility in FAs. However, FA treated with 30% sulfuric acid had lower soluble Si despite a lower degree of polymerization than FA, which was attributed to a lower pH. These results suggest that the change in solubility of Si in the acid-treated FA was influenced by the degree of polymerization and the decrease in pH. From the viewpoint of a fertilizer use of FA, sulfuric acid-treated ash, which consists of both water soluble Ca and citrate soluble Ca, is suitable for Ca fertilizer, and phosphoric acid-treated ash, which has high NaOH-soluble Si, is suitable for Si fertilizer
摘要本研究研究了稀释硫酸或磷酸溶液处理木灰中植物营养元素(K、Ca、Si)的溶解度与化学形态的关系。将稀释后的酸溶液加入电厂粉煤灰(FA)中，分析未经处理和经酸处理的FA的K、Ca和Si含量。用x射线衍射(XRD)对未处理和酸处理的FAs进行了晶相鉴定，用x射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱对Si的种类进行了测定。硫酸和磷酸处理对钾在FA中的溶解度没有影响。这些酸的加入降低了FA中的水溶性K和柠檬酸可溶性K。与未处理FA相比，经磷酸处理FA的水溶性Ca含量变化不显著，但经硫酸处理FA的水溶性Ca含量增加了65倍。结果表明，未经处理的FA中的主要Ca种CaCO3通过硫酸处理转化为同长岩和石膏。与未处理FA相比，酸处理FA中盐酸可溶性Si含量降低。相比之下，NaOH-soluble Si fraction(一种选择性提取硅胶的方法)在磷酸处理的FA中明显增加。XANES分析结果表明，10-30%硫酸或10-30%磷酸处理的FA样品的Si聚合度低于未处理的FA样品，这与Si在FA中的溶解度增加大致相符。然而,FA 30%硫酸处理可溶性硅尽管较低聚合度低于英足总,这是归因于博士这些结果表明较低溶解度的变化如果酸洗FA是影响聚合度和减少博士从肥料使用的角度FA,硫酸酸洗灰,由水溶性钙和柠檬酸可溶性钙、适用于Ca肥料,磷酸处理后的灰分具有较高的碱溶性硅，适合作硅肥
{"title":"Changes in solubility and chemical speciation of potassium, calcium, and silicon in wood ash by acid treatment","authors":"S. Takeuchi, Kosei Yamashita, Y. Hashimoto","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2230228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2230228","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between the solubility and the chemical speciation of plant nutritional elements (K, Ca, and Si) in wood ash treated with a dilute solution of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The diluted acid solutions were added to fly ash (FA) collected from a power plant, and the untreated and acid-treated FAs were analyzed for their contents of K, Ca, and Si. The crystalline phases of the untreated and acid-treated FAs were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Si species were determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid treatments did not affect the solubility of K in FA. Water soluble and citrate soluble K in FA were decreased by the addition of these acids. The water soluble Ca content in FA treated with phosphoric acid did not show a significant change compared to that in the untreated FA, but it increased up to 65 times in FA treated with sulfuric acid. It is suggested that CaCO3, which was the main Ca species in the untreated FA, was transformed into syngenite and gypsum by the sulfuric acid treatment. Hydrochloric acid soluble Si in the acid-treated FA decreased compared to that in the untreated FA. In contrast, the NaOH-soluble Si fraction, a method for selectively extracting silica gel, increased especially in the phosphoric acid-treated FA. The results of XANES analysis showed that the FA samples treated with 10–30% sulfuric acid or 10–30% phosphoric acid had a lower degree of Si polymerization than the untreated FA, which corresponded generally to the increased Si solubility in FAs. However, FA treated with 30% sulfuric acid had lower soluble Si despite a lower degree of polymerization than FA, which was attributed to a lower pH. These results suggest that the change in solubility of Si in the acid-treated FA was influenced by the degree of polymerization and the decrease in pH. From the viewpoint of a fertilizer use of FA, sulfuric acid-treated ash, which consists of both water soluble Ca and citrate soluble Ca, is suitable for Ca fertilizer, and phosphoric acid-treated ash, which has high NaOH-soluble Si, is suitable for Si fertilizer","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"57 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74940144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2214579
Yuki Takahashi, K. Noguchi, K. Ifuku, Takayuki Sohtome, Takashi Nishimoto, Shinya Wada, Toshihiro Sato, Yuki Takegahara-Tamakawa, C. Miyake, A. Makino, Yuji Suzuki
ABSTRACT Drought is a serious abiotic stress that leads to decreased yield. In pot experiments, the reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I (PSI) (P700) has been reported to be oxidized in response to drought stress. In the present study, we examined whether drought stress that decreases grain yield was detected by P700 oxidation in paddy-field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The P700 reduction and SPAD values were also evaluated. Drought stress was imposed by the prolonged mid-season drainage in 2019 and 2020. P700 oxidation was measured at saturated CO2 levels before heading. P700 oxidation was not stimulated in the 2019-drought plots. In contrast, P700 oxidation was stimulated in the 2020-drought plot. However, this phenomenon in 2020 was primarily accounted for by decreases in total leaf-N levels, as previously observed in the rice plants grown under low N availability. Rough rice yields and ratios of filled spikelets tended to decrease in the drought plots. Therefore, drought stress responsible for a decrease in grain yields could not be directly detected by P700 oxidation in paddy-field-grown rice plants, whereas the P700 oxidation responded to changes in total leaf-N levels due to the drought stress treatment. The same conclusion was drawn for the P700 reduction and SPAD value.
{"title":"Effects of drought stress on the oxidation of the reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I and grain yield in paddy-field grown rice plants","authors":"Yuki Takahashi, K. Noguchi, K. Ifuku, Takayuki Sohtome, Takashi Nishimoto, Shinya Wada, Toshihiro Sato, Yuki Takegahara-Tamakawa, C. Miyake, A. Makino, Yuji Suzuki","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2214579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2214579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drought is a serious abiotic stress that leads to decreased yield. In pot experiments, the reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I (PSI) (P700) has been reported to be oxidized in response to drought stress. In the present study, we examined whether drought stress that decreases grain yield was detected by P700 oxidation in paddy-field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The P700 reduction and SPAD values were also evaluated. Drought stress was imposed by the prolonged mid-season drainage in 2019 and 2020. P700 oxidation was measured at saturated CO2 levels before heading. P700 oxidation was not stimulated in the 2019-drought plots. In contrast, P700 oxidation was stimulated in the 2020-drought plot. However, this phenomenon in 2020 was primarily accounted for by decreases in total leaf-N levels, as previously observed in the rice plants grown under low N availability. Rough rice yields and ratios of filled spikelets tended to decrease in the drought plots. Therefore, drought stress responsible for a decrease in grain yields could not be directly detected by P700 oxidation in paddy-field-grown rice plants, whereas the P700 oxidation responded to changes in total leaf-N levels due to the drought stress treatment. The same conclusion was drawn for the P700 reduction and SPAD value.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":"215 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73471140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2212696
R. Yazdani-Biouki, M. Karimi, A. Soltangheisi
ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some agronomic and physiological attributes of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and its tolerance to salinity stress. The treatments included seven levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 (control), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 dSm−1) arranged in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that salinity stress successively decreased agronomic attributes such as root, shoot, and stem dry weight, plant height and leaf area. Physiological attributes such as relative water content as well as ion leakage differently responded to salinity stress. Relative water content response to salinity followed a quadratic regression model with the maximum of 81% at electrical conductivity of 6.87 dSm−1 and the minimum of 65% at highest salinity level of 18 dSm−1. Following an exponential regression model, ion leakage remained relatively the same till irrigation water salinity of 15 dSm−1 and reached to the maximum of 78% at highest irrigation water salinity of 18 dSm−1. In addition, shoot potassium content of purslane under non saline conditions equaled to 11% that was around 10 times more than the typical of potassium sufficient concentration for adequate growth. Moreover, with increasing salinity stress, shoot potassium content decreased to 7% at highest salinity level of 18 dSm−1 of irrigation water. However, with increasing irrigation water salinity, sodium shoot content of purslane was increased from 1.9% at the lowest salinity stress to 6.7% at the highest salinity stress. Based on the linear and nonlinear models, 10% of purslane biomass reduction occurred at soil electrical conductivity of around 10 dSm−1. In addition, 25 and 50% yield reduction observed at 16 and 25 dSm−1 of electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste. Therefore, purslane can be considered as a very salt tolerant plant, halophyte, and can successfully grow in soils with electrical conductivities not suitable for most crops.
{"title":"Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) salt tolerance assessment","authors":"R. Yazdani-Biouki, M. Karimi, A. Soltangheisi","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2212696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2212696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some agronomic and physiological attributes of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and its tolerance to salinity stress. The treatments included seven levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 (control), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 dSm−1) arranged in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that salinity stress successively decreased agronomic attributes such as root, shoot, and stem dry weight, plant height and leaf area. Physiological attributes such as relative water content as well as ion leakage differently responded to salinity stress. Relative water content response to salinity followed a quadratic regression model with the maximum of 81% at electrical conductivity of 6.87 dSm−1 and the minimum of 65% at highest salinity level of 18 dSm−1. Following an exponential regression model, ion leakage remained relatively the same till irrigation water salinity of 15 dSm−1 and reached to the maximum of 78% at highest irrigation water salinity of 18 dSm−1. In addition, shoot potassium content of purslane under non saline conditions equaled to 11% that was around 10 times more than the typical of potassium sufficient concentration for adequate growth. Moreover, with increasing salinity stress, shoot potassium content decreased to 7% at highest salinity level of 18 dSm−1 of irrigation water. However, with increasing irrigation water salinity, sodium shoot content of purslane was increased from 1.9% at the lowest salinity stress to 6.7% at the highest salinity stress. Based on the linear and nonlinear models, 10% of purslane biomass reduction occurred at soil electrical conductivity of around 10 dSm−1. In addition, 25 and 50% yield reduction observed at 16 and 25 dSm−1 of electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste. Therefore, purslane can be considered as a very salt tolerant plant, halophyte, and can successfully grow in soils with electrical conductivities not suitable for most crops.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"104 1","pages":"250 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75477084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2211984
Akari Kishimoto, Rintaro Kinoshita, N. Fujitake, M. Osaki, M. Clayton, M. Tani
{"title":"Spatial variation of soil characteristics affected by biochar materials from traditional slash and burn agriculture in Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Akari Kishimoto, Rintaro Kinoshita, N. Fujitake, M. Osaki, M. Clayton, M. Tani","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2211984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2211984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2208154
V. Šimanský, J. Jonczak, D. Pikuła, M. Lukac
ABSTRACT Historical depletion of agricultural soils must be remedied to maintain their long-term food production function, including soils in intensive vineyards traditionally kept without plant cover to limit resource competition. This paper reports on the impact of five contrasting soil management regimes on indicators of soil quality such as soil organic carbon, nitrogen and their indices. We exposed sandy loam Rendzic Leptosol under a vineyard in Nitra-Dražovce (Slovakia, central Europe) to the following five treatments for 14 years: no-till sward, no-till sward+NPK100, no-till sward+NPK125, plowed tillage and (5) plowed tillage+manure. We found that grass swards continuously increased the total soil organic carbon in the topsoil, but plowed tillage resulted in no change. The availability of potentially mineralizable nitrogen was also increased by grass cover; but was not modified by manure but by mineral fertilizer addition. We tested the usefulness of carbon and management indices as indicators of changing soil C and N status and found them no better than tracking total and labile forms of both elements. In conclusion, the recovery of degraded vineyard soils under no-till grass sward cover is detectable within 14 years and is not affected by fertilization or manure addition.
{"title":"Grass sward cover improves soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a vineyard","authors":"V. Šimanský, J. Jonczak, D. Pikuła, M. Lukac","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2208154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2208154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historical depletion of agricultural soils must be remedied to maintain their long-term food production function, including soils in intensive vineyards traditionally kept without plant cover to limit resource competition. This paper reports on the impact of five contrasting soil management regimes on indicators of soil quality such as soil organic carbon, nitrogen and their indices. We exposed sandy loam Rendzic Leptosol under a vineyard in Nitra-Dražovce (Slovakia, central Europe) to the following five treatments for 14 years: no-till sward, no-till sward+NPK100, no-till sward+NPK125, plowed tillage and (5) plowed tillage+manure. We found that grass swards continuously increased the total soil organic carbon in the topsoil, but plowed tillage resulted in no change. The availability of potentially mineralizable nitrogen was also increased by grass cover; but was not modified by manure but by mineral fertilizer addition. We tested the usefulness of carbon and management indices as indicators of changing soil C and N status and found them no better than tracking total and labile forms of both elements. In conclusion, the recovery of degraded vineyard soils under no-till grass sward cover is detectable within 14 years and is not affected by fertilization or manure addition.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"38 1","pages":"240 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2199777
Kozue Sawada, T. Kunito, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Natsuko Kitagawa, Han Lyu, Ho Nguyen, K. Toyota, Shinya Funakawa
ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) addition is thought to have a minimal effect on the priming of preexisting soil organic carbon (C) mineralization after C addition. We hypothesized and tested that positive priming effects are driven by microbial P-mining under P-limitation when a relatively small amount of glucose is added to N-rich and P-poor tropical forest soils with N2-fixing trees. The results showed that the addition of glucose alone (C) and the addition of C together with mineral N (CN) induced positive priming effects, while the addition of C together with mineral P (CP) and the addition of CNP did not, suggesting that positive priming effects occurred through microbial P-mining. The acid phosphatase activities were not much different in all treatments. The results support our hypothesis and suggest that positive priming effects will occur through microbial P-mining, independently of the hydrolysis of organic P esters with phosphatases, under P-limitation in N-rich and P-poor tropical forest soils.
{"title":"Positive priming effects through microbial P-mining in tropical forest soils under N2-fixing trees","authors":"Kozue Sawada, T. Kunito, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Natsuko Kitagawa, Han Lyu, Ho Nguyen, K. Toyota, Shinya Funakawa","doi":"10.1080/00380768.2023.2199777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2023.2199777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) addition is thought to have a minimal effect on the priming of preexisting soil organic carbon (C) mineralization after C addition. We hypothesized and tested that positive priming effects are driven by microbial P-mining under P-limitation when a relatively small amount of glucose is added to N-rich and P-poor tropical forest soils with N2-fixing trees. The results showed that the addition of glucose alone (C) and the addition of C together with mineral N (CN) induced positive priming effects, while the addition of C together with mineral P (CP) and the addition of CNP did not, suggesting that positive priming effects occurred through microbial P-mining. The acid phosphatase activities were not much different in all treatments. The results support our hypothesis and suggest that positive priming effects will occur through microbial P-mining, independently of the hydrolysis of organic P esters with phosphatases, under P-limitation in N-rich and P-poor tropical forest soils.","PeriodicalId":21852,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":"62 1","pages":"209 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75325130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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