Social Psychological and Personality Science最新文献

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No Evidence for Transactional Effects Between Religiosity and Self-Esteem in a Secular Country 世俗国家中宗教信仰与自尊之间的交易效应无证据

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231169811

T. Entringer, Madeline R. Lenhausen, C. Hopwood, W. Bleidorn

This research tests the unique predictions of three different theoretical perspectives on the self-esteem benefits of religiosity: the religiosity-as-a-personal-relationship-with-a-higher-power perspective, the religiosity-as-a-resource perspective, and the religiosity-as-social-value perspective. To do so, we used random-intercept cross-lagged panel models and examined the between- and within-person associations between three indicators of religiosity (belief in God, service attendance, and prayer frequency) and self-esteem across 11 annual assessments in a nationally representative sample of Dutch individuals ( N = 12,915). The results reveal largely nonsignificant associations between all three religiosity indicators and self-esteem at the between- and the within-person levels. This finding supports the religiosity-as-a-social-value perspective, suggesting that the self-esteem benefits of religiosity are restricted to religious cultures only. This research extends previous research by showing that the results hold across different measures of religiosity and by providing some initial evidence that the power of the religiosity-as-a-social-value perspective might be larger than formerly assumed.

本研究检验了三种不同的理论视角对宗教信仰对自尊益处的独特预测:宗教信仰作为一种与更高权力的个人关系视角、宗教信仰作为一种资源视角和宗教信仰作为一种社会价值视角。为此，我们使用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型，并在11次年度评估中检验了宗教虔诚度(对上帝的信仰、参加礼拜的次数和祈祷频率)和自尊之间的人与人之间和人与人之间的联系，这些评估是在荷兰个人(N = 12,915)的全国代表性样本中进行的。结果显示，在人际和人际层面上，所有三个宗教信仰指标与自尊之间的联系基本上不显著。这一发现支持了宗教信仰作为一种社会价值的观点，表明宗教信仰对自尊的好处仅限于宗教文化。这项研究扩展了之前的研究，表明结果适用于不同的宗教虔诚度衡量标准，并提供了一些初步证据，表明宗教作为一种社会价值视角的力量可能比以前假设的要大。

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引用次数: 1

The Impact of Regulatory Fit on Experienced Autonomy 监管契合度对经验自治的影响

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231168522

Melvyn R. W. Hamstra, L. M. Laurijssen, B. Schreurs

This research sought to test the hypothesis that regulatory fit enhances people’s feelings of autonomy. Regulatory fit can be created by prompting people to execute a task using means of task execution that fit (vs. do not fit) their preferred means of goal-pursuit. Assigning people to do a task using a particular means implies they do not exercise choice in applying their preferred means of goal-pursuit. Nevertheless, we reasoned that fitting task means would lead to higher feelings of autonomy while working on a task because, under conditions of regulatory fit, people are using the means that they would have chosen if they had been given choice. We conducted 10 experiments (total N = 3,124) to test the effect of regulatory fit versus regulatory non-fit on experienced autonomy and a meta-analysis of the effects supported our hypothesis for both promotion focus-based fit and prevention focus-based fit.

这项研究试图验证一种假设，即监管契合度能增强人们的自主性。可以通过提示人们使用适合(vs.不适合)他们首选的目标追求方法的任务执行方法来执行任务来创建调节契合。分配人们使用特定的手段来完成任务意味着他们在使用自己喜欢的目标追求手段时没有行使选择权。然而，我们推断，在完成任务时，合适的任务方式会导致更高的自主性，因为在调节合适的条件下，人们使用的是如果他们有选择的话会选择的方式。我们进行了10个实验(总N = 3,124)来测试监管契合与监管不契合对经验自主的影响，并对影响进行了meta分析，支持我们的基于促进焦点的契合和基于预防焦点的契合的假设。

引用次数: 0

Actual Cleaning and Simulated Cleaning Attenuate Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stressful Events. 实际清洁和模拟清洁减弱应激事件的心理和生理影响。

IF 4.3 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-09 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221099428

Spike W S Lee, Kobe Millet, Amir Grinstein, Koen H Pauwels, Phillip R Johnston, Alexandra E Volkov, Arianne J van der Wal

The human mind harbors various mechanisms for coping with stress, but what role does physical behavior play? Inspired by ethological observations of autogrooming activity across species, we offer a general hypothesis: cleaning attenuates effects of stressful events. Preregistered behavioral and psychophysiological experiments (N = 3,066 in United Kingdom, United States, and Canada) found that (a) concrete visual simulation of cleaning behavior alleviated residual anxiety from a stress-inducing physical scene, an effect distinct from touch, and (b) actual cleaning behavior enhanced adaptive cardiovascular reactivity to a highly stressful context of social performance/evaluation, which provides the first physiological evidence for the attenuation of stress-related effects by cleaning. Overall, actual cleaning and simulated cleaning attenuate effects of physical or psychological stressors, even when they have nothing to do with contamination or disease and would not be resolved by cleaning. Daily cleaning behavior may facilitate coping with stressors like physical risks and psychological threats to the self.

人类的大脑有各种应对压力的机制，但身体行为在其中扮演什么角色呢？受动物行为学观察的启发，我们提出了一个普遍的假设：清洁会减弱压力事件的影响。预先注册的行为和心理生理学实验（英国、美国和加拿大的N = 3066）发现(a)清洁行为的具体视觉模拟减轻了来自诱发压力的物理场景的残余焦虑，这是一种不同于触摸的效果；(b)实际清洁行为增强了对社会表现/评价高压力环境的适应性心血管反应。这为通过清洁减少应力相关影响提供了第一个生理学证据。总的来说，实际的清洁和模拟的清洁减弱了身体或心理压力源的影响，即使它们与污染或疾病无关，也不会通过清洁来解决。日常清洁行为可能有助于应对压力源，如身体风险和对自我的心理威胁。

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引用次数: 0

I Am Not A Virus: Status-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Sleep Among East Asian People in the United States During COVID-19. 我不是病毒:美国东亚人在COVID-19期间基于身份的排斥敏感性和睡眠

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221106847

J Doris Dai, Cynthia S Levine

As COVID-19 spread in the United States, anti-East Asian bias increased. This article aimed to (1) show that thinking about COVID-19 heightened East Asian individuals' anxious expectations of discrimination and (2) explore these expectations' health correlates. Specifically, the paper focused on COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity, defined as (1) East Asian individuals' expectations of rejection due to the stereotype that they spread the virus and (2) high levels of anxiety about this possibility. Study 1 (N = 412) showed that reminders of COVID-19 increased COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity among Chinese citizens living in the United States and East Asian Americans, but not Americans of other races. Study 2 (N = 473) demonstrated that East Asian people who habitually focused on COVID-19 experienced greater COVID-19-triggered race-based rejection sensitivity and, in turn, greater sleep difficulties. Thus, societal-level shifts that target minoritized groups may increase minoritized group members' concerns about discrimination in ways that undermine their health.

随着新冠肺炎疫情在美国扩散，反东亚偏见加剧。本文旨在(1)表明，对COVID-19的思考加剧了东亚个体对歧视的焦虑预期，(2)探索这些预期与健康的相关性。具体来说，本文关注的是covid -19引发的基于种族的排斥敏感性，定义为:(1)东亚个体由于他们传播病毒的刻板印象而对排斥的期望;(2)对这种可能性的高度焦虑。研究1 (N = 412)显示，在居住在美国的中国公民和东亚美国人中，提醒COVID-19会增加COVID-19引发的基于种族的排斥敏感性，而其他种族的美国人则不会。研究2 (N = 473)表明，习惯关注COVID-19的东亚人经历了更大的COVID-19引发的基于种族的排斥敏感性，进而出现了更大的睡眠困难。因此，针对少数群体的社会层面转变可能会增加少数群体成员对歧视的担忧，从而损害他们的健康。

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引用次数: 1

Social Connectedness Promotes Robot Anthropomorphism 社会联系促进机器人拟人化

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231170917

Jianning Dang, Li Liu

Anthropomorphism has traditionally been viewed as a means to compensate for a lack of social connection; therefore, social deficits are considered to facilitate anthropomorphism. In this research, we adopted an alternative growth-oriented perspective of anthropomorphism. We posited that anthropomorphism operates as a means to explore the social world, and thus hypothesized that social connectedness promotes robot anthropomorphism. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three studies (total N = 599) examining the effect of social connectedness on robot anthropomorphism. We found that social connectedness increased robot anthropomorphism. Importantly, genuine interest in social interactions with robots accounted for this effect. In addition, anthropomorphism elicited by social connectedness predicted more favorable attitudes toward robots. These findings enrich the current understanding of anthropomorphism and have practical implications.

传统上，拟人论被视为弥补社会联系缺失的一种手段;因此，社会缺陷被认为有利于拟人论。在本研究中，我们采用了另一种以成长为导向的拟人论视角。我们假设拟人化是一种探索社会世界的手段，因此假设社会联系促进了机器人的拟人化。为了验证这一假设，我们进行了三项研究(总共N = 599)，研究了社会联系对机器人拟人化的影响。我们发现社会联系增加了机器人的拟人化。重要的是，对与机器人进行社交互动的真正兴趣解释了这种影响。此外，由社会联系引起的拟人化预测了对机器人的更有利的态度。这些发现丰富了目前对拟人论的理解，并具有实际意义。

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Study of Ambivalence and Well-Being in Romantic Relationships 恋爱关系中矛盾心理与幸福感的系统研究

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231165585

Giulia Zoppolat, F. Righetti, Ruddy Faure, I. Schneider

People in close relationships can, and often do, experience ambivalence (i.e., mixed feelings) toward their romantic partner. Although ambivalence is common and consequential, research on this phenomenon is fragmented. The present work examines how four different types of ambivalence (i.e., objective, subjective, implicit-explicit, and implicit ambivalence) relate to well-being. In four intensive studies ( N = 1,134) and internal meta-analyses, ambivalence was related to lower personal and relational well-being, but this association was only statistically significant for explicit (i.e., objective and subjective) types of ambivalence, with subjective ambivalence showing the strongest association, particularly for relationship outcomes. This work is the first systematic study of ambivalence and well-being in relationships and highlights the importance of capturing mixed feelings in relationship research and how such focus can benefit research on attitudinal ambivalence and well-being more broadly.

处于亲密关系中的人可能，而且经常会对他们的恋人产生矛盾心理(即，复杂的感情)。虽然矛盾心理是普遍和必然的，但对这一现象的研究是碎片化的。目前的工作考察了四种不同类型的矛盾心理(即，客观，主观，内隐-外显和内隐矛盾心理)与幸福感的关系。在四项深入研究(N = 1134)和内部荟萃分析中，矛盾心理与较低的个人和关系幸福感有关，但这种关联仅在明确的(即客观和主观)矛盾心理类型中具有统计意义，主观矛盾心理表现出最强的关联，特别是在关系结果中。这项工作是对关系中的矛盾心理和幸福感的第一个系统研究，强调了在关系研究中捕捉混合情感的重要性，以及这种关注如何有助于更广泛地研究态度矛盾心理和幸福感。

引用次数: 1

Picturing Your Life: The Role of Imagery Perspective in Personal Photos 描绘你的生活:图像视角在个人照片中的作用

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231163012

Z. Niese, Lisa K Libby, Richard P. Eibach

When photographing moments in their lives, people can use a first-person (capturing the scene as they saw it) or third-person (capturing the scene with themselves in it) perspective. Past research suggests third-person (vs. first-person) images better depict the meaning (vs. physical experience) of events. The current work suggests the use and impact of perspective in personal photography follow this representational function. Across six studies ( N = 2,113), we find that the goal to capture meaning (vs. physical experience) causes people to be more likely to use third-person (vs. first-person) photos, that people are reminded more of the meaning (vs. physical experience) when viewing their own actual third-person (vs. first-person) photos, and that people like their photos better when the perspective matched (vs. mismatched) their goal for taking the photo. Discussion focuses on theoretical and practical implications of extending the representational function of imagery perspective to everyday uses of photographic imagery.

在拍摄生活中的瞬间时，人们可以使用第一人称视角(捕捉他们所看到的场景)或第三人称视角(捕捉自己在其中的场景)。过去的研究表明，第三人称(相对于第一人称)图像能更好地描述事件的意义(相对于亲身体验)。目前的工作表明，透视在个人摄影中的使用和影响遵循这种代表性功能。在六项研究(N = 2113)中，我们发现，捕捉意义的目标(vs.身体体验)使人们更有可能使用第三人称(vs.第一人称)照片，当人们观看自己的第三人称(vs.第一人称)照片时，人们更容易想起意义(vs.身体体验)，当视角与他们拍摄照片的目标匹配(vs.不匹配)时，人们更喜欢他们的照片。讨论的重点是将图像视角的表征功能扩展到摄影图像的日常使用的理论和实践意义。

引用次数: 1

Perceptions of Harm and Benefit Predict Judgments of Cultural Appropriation 对伤害和利益的感知可以预测对文化挪用的判断

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231162401

A. Mosley, Larisa Heiphetz, M. White, M. Biernat

What factors underlie judgments of cultural appropriation? In two studies, participants read 157 scenarios involving actors using cultural products or elements of racial/ethnic groups to which they did not belong. Participants evaluated scenarios on seven dimensions (perceived cultural appropriation, harm to the community from which the cultural object originated, racism, profit to actors, extent to which cultural objects represent a source of pride for source communities, benefits to actors, and celebration), while the type of cultural object and the out-group associated with the object being appropriated varied. Using both the scenario and the participant as the units of analysis, perceived cultural appropriation was most strongly associated with perceived greater harm to the source community. We discuss broader implications for integrating research on inequality and moral psychology. Findings also have translational implications for educators and activists interested in increasing awareness about cultural appropriation.

哪些因素是文化挪用判断的基础?在两项研究中，参与者阅读了157个场景，其中涉及演员使用他们不属于的种族/民族的文化产品或元素。参与者从7个维度(感知文化挪用、对文化物品来源社区的伤害、种族主义、行为者的利益、文化物品代表源社区自豪感的程度、行为者的利益和庆祝活动)对场景进行评估，而文化物品的类型和与被挪用的物品相关的外群体则各不相同。使用情景和参与者作为分析单位，感知到的文化挪用与感知到的对源社区的更大伤害最强烈相关。我们讨论了整合不平等和道德心理学研究的更广泛含义。研究结果还对教育工作者和积极分子有兴趣提高对文化挪用的认识具有翻译意义。

引用次数: 0

An Adversarial Collaboration on Dirty Money 在黑钱问题上的对抗性合作

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231167231

Arber Tasimi, Ori Friedman

Across four preregistered experiments on American adults (total N = 968), and five supplemental experiments (total N = 869), we examined four accounts that might explain people’s aversion to “dirty money” (i.e., money earned in immoral ways): (a) they think it is morally tainted, (b) they care about illicit ownership, (c) they do not wish to profit from moral transgressions, and (d) accepting dirty money might imply an endorsement of the immoral means by which the money was acquired. Participants were unwilling to accept or touch dirty money, but they were relatively willing to take dirty money when it is lost and found. Together these findings suggest that people’s aversion to dirty money stems from concerns about both moral taint and endorsing the way in which dirty money was acquired.

四个在美国成年人抢注的实验(N = 968)、和五个补充实验(N = 869),我们检查了四个账户,可以解释人们的厌恶“脏钱”(即以不道德的方式发的钱):(a)他们认为这在道德上是污染,(b)他们关心非法所有权,(c)他们不希望从道德中获利的过犯,和(d)接受脏钱可能意味着背书的不道德的手段获得的钱。参与者不愿意接受或接触脏钱，但当脏钱失而复得时，他们相对愿意接受。综上所述，这些发现表明，人们对脏钱的厌恶源于对道德败坏的担忧和对脏钱获得方式的认可。

引用次数: 2

Perceived Inequality Increases Support for Structural Solutions to Climate Change 感知到的不平等增加了对气候变化结构性解决方案的支持

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231169328

C. Klebl, J. Jetten

Economic inequality is fuelling climate change. The question, however, remains whether the degree to which people perceive their country as unequal influences their motivation to support climate policies. Across three studies ( N = 1,459), we investigated whether perceived inequality influences people’s support for structural climate policies over policies aimed at individual-level behavior change. In an Australian (Study 1) and a United Kingdom (Study 2) sample, we found that perceived inequality positively predicts people’s support for structural (vs. individual-level behavior) change policies, even after controlling for political orientation. In an experimental study (Study 3), people who imagined living in an unequal (vs. equal) country more strongly wanted their country to implement structural (vs. individual-level behavior) change policies. These effects were mediated by a greater desire for drastic changes. This suggests that recognizing one’s country’s unequal wealth distribution may act as a catalyst for the structural change urgently needed to limit climate change.

经济不平等正在加剧气候变化。然而，问题仍然是，人们认为自己国家不平等的程度是否会影响他们支持气候政策的动机。在三项研究中(N = 1459)，我们调查了感知到的不平等是否会影响人们对结构性气候政策的支持，而不是旨在改变个人行为的政策。在澳大利亚(研究1)和英国(研究2)的样本中，我们发现，即使在控制了政治取向之后，感知到的不平等也能积极预测人们对结构性(相对于个人层面的行为)改变政策的支持。在一项实验研究(研究3)中，想象生活在不平等(与平等)国家的人更强烈地希望他们的国家实施结构性(与个人层面的行为)改变政策。对剧烈变化的更大渴望缓和了这些影响。这表明，认识到一个国家的不平等财富分配，可能会成为限制气候变化迫切需要的结构性变革的催化剂。

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