Social Psychological and Personality Science最新文献

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The UBC State Social Connection Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity. UBC状态社会联系量表:因子结构、信度和效度。

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221132090

Iris Lok, Elizabeth Dunn

Social connection plays a central role in people's everyday lives. Although researchers have traditionally focused on the benefits of experiencing an enduring sense of social connection, recent research has also begun to explore the contextual factors that shape momentary feeling of social connection. To date, however, no psychological scales have been developed to measure state social connection. To address this gap, we developed the 10-item UBC State Social Connection Scale (UBC-SSCS). In Study 1, we generated and refined our initial pool of items and confirmed our hypothesized factor structure in a large university sample. In Studies 2 to 3, we established several forms of validity. We provide foundational evidence that the UBC-SSCS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing momentary feelings of social connection. Our exploratory findings also suggest that researchers can substantially increase their statistical power using state (vs. trait) measures to capture fluctuations in feelings of social connection.

社会关系在人们的日常生活中起着核心作用。虽然研究人员传统上关注的是体验持久的社会联系感的好处，但最近的研究也开始探索塑造瞬时社会联系感的环境因素。然而，到目前为止，还没有开发出衡量国家社会联系的心理量表。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了10项UBC州社会联系量表(UBC- sscs)。在研究1中，我们生成并细化了我们的初始项目池，并在一个大型大学样本中确认了我们假设的因素结构。在研究2到3中，我们建立了几种效度形式。我们提供了基础证据，证明UBC-SSCS是评估社会联系瞬间感受的可靠和有效的工具。我们的探索性发现还表明，研究人员可以通过使用状态(相对于特征)测量来捕捉社会联系感受的波动，从而大大提高他们的统计能力。

引用次数: 1

Incivility Diminishes Interest in What Politicians Have to Say. 无礼会降低人们对政客言论的兴趣。

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19485506221136182

Matthew Feinberg, Jeremy A Frimer

Incivility is prevalent in society suggesting a potential benefit. Within politics, theorists and strategists often claim incivility grabs attention and stokes interest in what a politician has to say. In contrast, we propose incivility diminishes overall interest in what a politician has to say because people find the incivility morally distasteful. Studies 1a and 1b examined the relationship between uncivil language and followership in the Twitter feeds of Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden, finding incivility reduced their following on the platform. In Studies 2-3, we manipulated how uncivil a number of politicians were and found that incivility consistently depressed interest in what they had to say. These effects of incivility are generalized to both political allies and opponents. Observers' moral disapproval of the incivility mediated the diminished interest, suppressing the attention-grabbing nature of incivility. Altogether, our findings indicate that the public reacts more negatively to political incivility than previously thought.

不礼貌在社会上很普遍，这表明它有潜在的好处。在政治领域，理论家和战略家经常声称，不礼貌会吸引人们的注意力，激发人们对政治家所说的话的兴趣。相反，我们认为不文明行为会降低人们对政治家言论的总体兴趣，因为人们认为不文明行为在道德上令人反感。研究1a和1b研究了唐纳德·特朗普总统和乔·拜登总统推特上不文明的语言和关注之间的关系，发现不文明减少了他们在平台上的关注。在研究2-3中，我们操纵了一些政客的不文明程度，发现不文明总是会降低人们对他们所说的话的兴趣。这些不文明行为的影响可以推广到政治盟友和对手身上。观察者对不文明行为的道德反对调解了兴趣的减少，抑制了不文明行为吸引注意力的本质。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，公众对政治不文明的反应比之前想象的更消极。

引用次数: 0

Do Minorities’ Friendships with Majority Culture Members and Their Emotional Fit with Majority Culture Influence Each Other Over Time? 随着时间的推移，少数民族与多数文化成员的友谊和他们与多数文化的情感契合是否相互影响?

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231190699

Alba Jasini, Jozefien De Leersnyder, Eva Ceulemans, Matteo Gagliolo, Batja Mesquita

Immigrant-origin minorities who have majority friends have emotions that fit the majority norm. However, previous research on the link between minorities’ emotional fit and their friendships with majority culture members has been cross-sectional. Hence, little is known about the directionality of the association and whether emotional fit facilitates minority inclusion. In a longitudinal study of 3216 minority and 2283 majority youth, we tested bidirectional associations between emotional fit and majority friendships over time. Emotional fit was calculated by relating minorities’ emotional patterns to the average pattern of the majority sample in comparable situations. Majority friendships were measured as reciprocal friendship nominations in classrooms and self-report. Cross-lagged panel models offered partial support for the hypotheses using friendship nomination data, and full support using self-reported data. The findings suggest that minorities’ fit with the majority culture increases when they have majority friends and that emotional fit is a promising route for inclusion.

拥有多数派朋友的移民少数族裔的情绪符合多数派的规范。然而，之前关于少数民族情感契合度和他们与多数文化成员友谊之间关系的研究是横向的。因此，人们对这种关联的方向性以及情感契合是否促进少数群体包容知之甚少。在一项对3216名少数族裔青年和2283名多数族裔青年的纵向研究中，我们测试了情感契合与多数族裔友谊之间的双向关系。情绪拟合是通过将少数人的情绪模式与多数人在可比情况下的平均模式相关联来计算的。大多数友谊被衡量为在课堂上的相互友谊提名和自我报告。交叉滞后面板模型使用友谊提名数据为假设提供部分支持，使用自我报告数据为假设提供完全支持。研究结果表明，当少数群体拥有多数群体的朋友时，他们对多数文化的契合度会提高，而情感契合是一种很有希望的融入方式。

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引用次数: 0

Unity or Estrangement Under Crises? Perceived Resource Scarcity Moderates the Effect of a Common Threat on Intergroup Cooperation 危机下的团结还是隔阂?感知资源稀缺性调节共同威胁对群体间合作的影响

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231195501

Xiaoyan Miao, Li Liu, Jianning Dang, Cong Wei, Lingling Huang, Zhen Liu

Human history and recent empirical studies have documented many cases of human unity or estrangement during global crises. This reflects that a common threat may not always promote intergroup cooperation. An intriguing question arises: What determines the effect of a common threat on intergroup cooperation? In response, we proposed and tested the moderating role of perceived resource scarcity in the effect of a common threat on intergroup cooperation. We found that when perceived resource scarcity was low, common threats posed by pandemics (Studies 1 and 2) and earthquakes (Study 3) promoted intergroup cooperation in controlling outbreaks, building public medical systems, and reducing public resource depletion. However, the effect attenuated when perceived resource scarcity was high. The findings broaden our understanding of common threats and provide avenues to enhance intergroup cooperation in the face of interminable global crises.

人类历史和最近的实证研究记录了许多在全球危机期间人类团结或疏远的案例。这反映出一个共同的威胁不一定能促进群体间的合作。一个有趣的问题出现了:是什么决定了共同威胁对群体间合作的影响?为此，我们提出并检验了感知资源稀缺性在共同威胁对群体间合作的影响中的调节作用。我们发现，当感知到的资源稀缺性较低时，流行病(研究1和2)和地震(研究3)构成的共同威胁促进了群体间在控制疫情、建立公共医疗系统和减少公共资源枯竭方面的合作。然而，当感知到的资源稀缺性较高时，这种效应减弱。这些发现拓宽了我们对共同威胁的理解，并为在面对无休止的全球危机时加强集团间合作提供了途径。

引用次数: 0

Shifts in Facial Impression Structures Across Group Boundaries 跨群体边界的面部印象结构的变化

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231193180

Youngki Hong, J. Freeman

Facial impressions have long been argued to be driven by two independent dimensions of trustworthiness and dominance. However, in an intergroup context, we reasoned that these dimensions may shift predictably and become more positively related for ingroup members, yet negatively related for outgroup members, due to dominance signaling outgroup threat and/or ingroup prosociality. In two studies, we examined how the two dimensions shift across minimal group boundaries for White targets. In Study 1, core dimensions of trustworthiness and dominance became intertwined with each other differently for ingroup and outgroup targets. In Study 2, stronger stereotypic beliefs that trustworthiness ≈ dominance for ingroup than outgroup mediated the shifts in facial impression dimensions. This work advances our understanding of facial impression and intergroup bias by showing that the facial impression dimensions are not fixed but may shift across group boundaries and that such shifts occur above and beyond simple ingroup favoritism.

长期以来，人们一直认为面部印象是由可信度和支配性这两个独立的维度驱动的。然而，在群体间的背景下，我们推断这些维度可能会发生可预测的变化，并且由于优势信号外群体威胁和/或内群体亲社会，对内群体成员变得更加积极相关，而对外群体成员则变得负相关。在两项研究中，我们考察了这两个维度如何跨越白人目标的最小群体边界。在研究1中，对内群体目标和外群体目标的可信度和支配性核心维度相互交织的方式不同。在研究2中，更强的内群体可信度≈优势的刻板印象信念介导了面部印象维度的变化。这项工作通过表明面部印象维度不是固定的，而是可能跨越群体边界而发生变化，并且这种变化超出了简单的群体内偏爱，从而提高了我们对面部印象和群体间偏见的理解。

引用次数: 0

The Moderating Role of Neuroticism on Evaluative Conditioning: Evidence From Ambiguous Learning Situations 神经质对评价条件反射的调节作用:来自模糊学习情境的证据

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231191861

C. Bunghez, Andrei A. Rusu, J. de Houwer, M. Perugini, Y. Boddez, F. Sava

Numerous studies have demonstrated a link between neuroticism and negative biases. Although some studies suggest that people with high neuroticism give more weight to negative information, others suggest that they respond more strongly to both positive and negative information. We investigated whether neuroticism is related to the evaluation of conditioned stimuli (CSs) in evaluative conditioning procedures that involve ambiguous learning conditions. We created ambiguous situations where CSs were paired with unconditioned stimuli (USs) consisting of both positive and negative pictures (Experiment 1) or paired alternatingly with positive and negative USs (Experiment 2). In addition to CSs consistently paired with positive and negative USs, we introduced neutral USs as a control condition. Our findings revealed that neurotic individuals negatively evaluated the CSs from ambiguous conditions relative to neutral conditions. In addition, participants with high neuroticism scores generally rated CSs more negatively. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

许多研究已经证明了神经质和负面偏见之间的联系。尽管一些研究表明，高神经质的人更重视负面信息，但也有研究表明，他们对正面和负面信息的反应都更强烈。我们研究了神经质是否与包括模糊学习条件的评估条件反射过程中的条件刺激评估有关。我们创造了模糊情境，将CSs与由积极和消极图片组成的非条件刺激(USs)配对(实验1)或与积极和消极USs交替配对(实验2)。除了CSs始终与积极和消极USs配对外，我们还引入中性USs作为控制条件。我们的研究结果表明，相对于中性条件，神经质个体在模糊条件下对CSs的评价为负。此外，神经质得分高的参与者通常对CSs的评价更消极。讨论了这些结果的理论和临床意义。

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引用次数: 1

Does the First Step of the Induced-Hypocrisy Paradigm Really Matter? An Initial Investigation Using a Meta-Analytic Approach 诱导-伪善范式的第一步真的重要吗?使用元分析方法的初步调查

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231188164

Maxime Mauduy, D. Priolo, Nicolas Margas, C. Sénémeaud

The induced-hypocrisy paradigm is an effective two-step procedure—the behavioral standards salience step and the transgressions salience step—for encouraging normative behaviors. Recent findings have raised questions about the necessity of the first step in inducing behavioral change. This research aims to test the role of the standards salience step in the hypocrisy paradigm. To this end, we used a meta-analytic approach to test the moderation of standards salience on hypocrisy effect sizes. We compared 16 studies with “strong” standards salience with 19 studies with “weak” standards salience. The results revealed that, compared with control and transgressions-only conditions, the hypocrisy effect sizes were moderate in the “strong” standards group and weak or nonsignificant in the “weak” standards group. These results contribute to the further investigation of the processes underlying the hypocrisy paradigm and represent progress by identifying the optimal conditions for implementing its first step.

诱导-伪善范式是一个有效的促进规范行为的两步程序——行为标准突出步骤和越轨突出步骤。最近的研究结果对诱导行为改变的第一步的必要性提出了质疑。本研究旨在检验标准显著性步骤在伪善范式中的作用。为此，我们采用元分析方法来检验标准显著性对伪善效应大小的调节作用。我们比较了16项“强”标准显著性研究和19项“弱”标准显著性研究。结果表明，与控制组和纯越轨组相比，“强”标准组的伪善效应量适中，“弱”标准组的伪善效应量较弱或不显著。这些结果有助于进一步研究伪善范式背后的过程，并通过确定实施其第一步的最佳条件来代表进展。

引用次数: 1

Perceptions of White Women’s Stigma-Based Solidarity Claims and Disingenuous Allyship 白人妇女以耻辱为基础的团结主张和虚伪的盟友关系的看法

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231188757

K. Chaney, Rebecca Cipollina, D. Sanchez

Efforts to promote allyship often focus on creating a common ingroup identity between marginalized and privileged groups, including making salient stigma-based solidarity. In addition, research on allyship perceptions highlights that allies are viewed as more genuine when they are not perceived as motivated by self-interests. Integrating research on allyship perceptions and stigma-based solidarity, the present research examined Black Americans’ perceptions of White women’s allyship messages that focus on stigma-based solidarity. In three experiments ( Ntotal = 851), White women claiming stigma-based solidarity highlighting shared perpetrators (Studies 1–3) or shared discrimination (Study 3) were perceived as less genuine allies (i.e., less trustworthy and self-sacrificing) who were motivated to reduce racism for their own self-interests compared to allyship claims that only highlighted racism (Studies 1–3) or no allyship claims (Study 2). These findings add to a growing literature documenting marginalized groups’ suspicion of privileged groups’ motives when claiming allyship.

促进盟友关系的努力往往侧重于在边缘化和特权群体之间建立共同的群体内认同，包括建立明显的基于耻辱的团结。此外，对盟友观念的研究强调，当盟友不被自身利益所驱使时，他们会被视为更真诚。本研究整合了对盟友感知和基于耻辱的团结的研究，考察了美国黑人对白人女性基于耻辱的团结的盟友信息的感知。在三个实验中(Ntotal = 851)，白人女性声称基于耻辱的团结强调共同的肇事者(研究1-3)或共同的歧视(研究3)被认为是不太真正的盟友(即，与只强调种族主义的盟友关系声明(研究1-3)或没有盟友关系声明(研究2)相比，这些人为了自身利益而减少种族主义。这些发现增加了越来越多的文献，记录了边缘化群体在声称盟友关系时对特权群体动机的怀疑。

引用次数: 0

The Great Migration and Implicit Bias in the Northern United States 美国北部的大迁徙与隐性偏见

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231181718

Heidi A. Vuletich, N. Sommet, B. Payne

The spatial patterning of present-day racial bias in Southern states is predicted by the prevalence of slavery in 1860 and the structural inequalities that followed. Here we extend the investigation of the historical roots of implicit bias to areas outside the South by tracing the Great Migration of Black southerners to Northern and Western states. We found that the proportion of Black residents in each county ( N = 1,981 counties) during the years of the Great Migration (1900–1950) was significantly associated with greater implicit bias among White residents today. The association was statistically explained by measures of structural inequalities. Results parallel the pattern seen in Southern states but reflect population changes that occurred decades later as cities reacted to larger Black populations. These findings suggest that implicit biases reflect structural inequalities and the historical conditions that produced them.

1860年奴隶制的盛行和随后的结构性不平等预示了今天南方各州种族偏见的空间格局。在这里，我们通过追踪南方黑人向北部和西部各州的大迁徙，将隐性偏见的历史根源的调查扩展到南方以外的地区。我们发现，在大迁徙时期(1900-1950年)，每个县(N = 1981个县)的黑人居民比例与今天白人居民中更大的内隐偏见显著相关。这种关联在统计上可以用结构性不平等来解释。结果与南方各州的模式相似，但反映了几十年后城市对更多黑人人口的反应所导致的人口变化。这些发现表明，隐性偏见反映了结构性不平等以及产生这种不平等的历史条件。

引用次数: 0

How Feeling Understood Predicts Trust and Willingness to Forgive in the Midst of Violent Intergroup Conflict: Longitudinal Evidence From Ukraine 情感理解如何预测暴力群体间冲突中的信任和宽恕意愿:来自乌克兰的纵向证据

IF 5.7 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231183195

Tymofii Brik, Andrew G. Livingstone, Maria Chayinska, E. Bliznyuk

How can intergroup trust and forgiveness be fostered in the face of violent, large-scale intergroup conflict? We addressed this challenge by testing the role of intergroup felt understanding—the extent to which outgroup members are perceived to understand ingroup perspectives—in predicting Ukrainian nationals’ inclinations to trust and forgive Russians for the conflict that has affected Ukraine since 2014. We did so using representative longitudinal data ( N = 743; three time points) collected 6 months before Russia’s full-scale invasion. Pre-registered analysis of dynamic mediation models confirmed that increases over time in felt understanding predicted increases over time in perceived positive regard, which in turn predicted increased outgroup trust and forgiveness over time. A mini-multiverse analysis indicated that this pattern was also largely robust to varying time point specifications. The findings provide further evidence that the feeling of being understood may be a key psychological factor that enables reconciliation.

面对大规模的暴力冲突，如何培养群体间的信任和宽恕?为了应对这一挑战，我们测试了群体间感觉理解的作用——即外群体成员被认为理解群体内观点的程度——在预测乌克兰国民对俄罗斯人的信任和原谅倾向方面的作用。自2014年以来，乌克兰一直受到冲突的影响。我们使用具有代表性的纵向数据(N = 743;三个时间点)在俄罗斯全面入侵前6个月收集的。动态中介模型的预登记分析证实，随着时间的推移，感知理解的增加预测了感知积极关注的增加，这反过来又预测了随着时间的推移，外群体信任和宽恕的增加。一项小型多元宇宙分析表明，这种模式在不同的时间点规范下也很大程度上是稳健的。研究结果进一步证明，被理解的感觉可能是促成和解的关键心理因素。

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