Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1177/19485506241233708
Samuel Murray, Kevin O’Neill, Jordan Bridges, Justin Sytsma, Zachary C. Irving
How does character information inform judgments of blame? Some argue that character information is indirectly relevant to blame because it enriches judgments about the mental states of a wrongdoer. Others argue that character information is directly relevant to blame, even when character traits are causally irrelevant to the wrongdoing. We propose an empirical synthesis of these views: a two channel model of blame. The model predicts that character information directly affects blame when this information is relevant to the wrongdoing that elicits blame. Furthermore, the effect of character information on blame depends on judgments about the true self that are independent of judgments of intentionality. Across three preregistered studies ( N = 662), we found support for all three predictions of the two channel model. We propose that this reflects two distinct functions of blame: a social regulatory function that encourages norm compliance and a pedagogical function that encourages personal improvement.
{"title":"Blame for Hum(e)an Beings: The Role of Character Information in Judgments of Blame","authors":"Samuel Murray, Kevin O’Neill, Jordan Bridges, Justin Sytsma, Zachary C. Irving","doi":"10.1177/19485506241233708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241233708","url":null,"abstract":"How does character information inform judgments of blame? Some argue that character information is indirectly relevant to blame because it enriches judgments about the mental states of a wrongdoer. Others argue that character information is directly relevant to blame, even when character traits are causally irrelevant to the wrongdoing. We propose an empirical synthesis of these views: a two channel model of blame. The model predicts that character information directly affects blame when this information is relevant to the wrongdoing that elicits blame. Furthermore, the effect of character information on blame depends on judgments about the true self that are independent of judgments of intentionality. Across three preregistered studies ( N = 662), we found support for all three predictions of the two channel model. We propose that this reflects two distinct functions of blame: a social regulatory function that encourages norm compliance and a pedagogical function that encourages personal improvement.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/19485506241232717
Mariah F. Purol, William J. Chopik
Gratitude lists, well-being interventions in which participants list things that they are grateful for, have recently grown in popularity. However, being tasked with generating longer gratitude lists might backfire and be associated with less felt gratitude. Furthermore, the content of these gratitude lists is rarely examined. In three studies of 3,936 participants, people assigned to shorter length conditions (three items) were relatively comparable in gratitude and life satisfaction to those assigned to longer list conditions (six and 12 items), although an exploratory analysis revealed that failure to list enough gratitude items for a given condition was associated with lower well-being. These results provided evidence that ease-of-retrieval effects may not play a strong role in the efficacy of gratitude lists. Those who listed particular content items (e.g., close relationships and health) were higher in post-intervention gratitude and well-being than those who did not.
{"title":"List Length, List Content, and Gratitude List Intervention Outcomes","authors":"Mariah F. Purol, William J. Chopik","doi":"10.1177/19485506241232717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241232717","url":null,"abstract":"Gratitude lists, well-being interventions in which participants list things that they are grateful for, have recently grown in popularity. However, being tasked with generating longer gratitude lists might backfire and be associated with less felt gratitude. Furthermore, the content of these gratitude lists is rarely examined. In three studies of 3,936 participants, people assigned to shorter length conditions (three items) were relatively comparable in gratitude and life satisfaction to those assigned to longer list conditions (six and 12 items), although an exploratory analysis revealed that failure to list enough gratitude items for a given condition was associated with lower well-being. These results provided evidence that ease-of-retrieval effects may not play a strong role in the efficacy of gratitude lists. Those who listed particular content items (e.g., close relationships and health) were higher in post-intervention gratitude and well-being than those who did not.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1177/19485506241230847
Matthew J. Easterbrook, Lusine Grigoryan, Peter B. Smith, Yasin Koc, Vivian Miu Chi Lun, Dona Papastylianou, Claudio Torres, Maria Efremova, Bushra Hassan, Ammar Abbas, Heyla al-Selim, Joel Anderson, Susan E. Cross, Gisela Isabel Delfino, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Pelin Gul, Ceren Gunsoy, Anna Hakobjanyan, Siugmin Lay, Olga Lopukhova, Ping Hu, Diane Sunar, Maria Luisa Mendes Texeira, Doriana Tripodi, Paola Eunice Diaz Rivera, Masaki Yuki, Natsuki Ogusu, Catherine T. Kwantes, Rolando Diaz-Loving, Lorena Perez Floriano, Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
We investigate whether the social cure properties of groups vary across cultures, testing hypotheses that the associations between multiple group memberships (MGM) and depressive symptoms will (a) be mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures, and (b) vary systematically with sample-level relational mobility. Analyses of data from a survey ( N = 5,174) conducted within k = 29 samples show that MGM is negatively associated with depressive symptoms, an association fully mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures. In line with our theorizing, in samples with higher levels of relational mobility constraints, the association between MGM and depressive symptoms is weaker, the associations between MGM and social support and between MGM and normative pressures are stronger, and the association between social support and depressive symptoms weaker. The indirect link between MGM and depressive symptoms via social support is significant at both low and high levels of relational mobility constraints.
我们研究了不同文化背景下群体的社会治愈特性是否存在差异，并检验了以下假设：多重群体成员身份（MGM）与抑郁症状之间的关联将（a）由社会支持和不舒适的规范压力所中介，以及（b）随样本水平的关系流动性而系统性变化。在 k = 29 个样本中进行的一项调查（N = 5,174 个样本）的数据分析显示，多重群体关系与抑郁症状呈负相关，这种关系完全由社会支持和不舒适的规范压力所中介。与我们的理论相一致的是，在关系流动性限制水平较高的样本中，多重婚姻关系与抑郁症状之间的关联较弱，多重婚姻关系与社会支持和多重婚姻关系与规范压力之间的关联较强，而社会支持与抑郁症状之间的关联较弱。在关系流动限制水平较低和较高的情况下，通过社会支持实现的最低指导标准与抑郁症状之间的间接联系都是显著的。
{"title":"The Social Cure Properties of Groups Across Cultures: Groups Provide More Support but Have Stronger Norms and Are Less Curative in Relationally Immobile Societies","authors":"Matthew J. Easterbrook, Lusine Grigoryan, Peter B. Smith, Yasin Koc, Vivian Miu Chi Lun, Dona Papastylianou, Claudio Torres, Maria Efremova, Bushra Hassan, Ammar Abbas, Heyla al-Selim, Joel Anderson, Susan E. Cross, Gisela Isabel Delfino, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Pelin Gul, Ceren Gunsoy, Anna Hakobjanyan, Siugmin Lay, Olga Lopukhova, Ping Hu, Diane Sunar, Maria Luisa Mendes Texeira, Doriana Tripodi, Paola Eunice Diaz Rivera, Masaki Yuki, Natsuki Ogusu, Catherine T. Kwantes, Rolando Diaz-Loving, Lorena Perez Floriano, Trawin Chaleeraktrakoon, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit","doi":"10.1177/19485506241230847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241230847","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether the social cure properties of groups vary across cultures, testing hypotheses that the associations between multiple group memberships (MGM) and depressive symptoms will (a) be mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures, and (b) vary systematically with sample-level relational mobility. Analyses of data from a survey ( N = 5,174) conducted within k = 29 samples show that MGM is negatively associated with depressive symptoms, an association fully mediated by social support and uncomfortable normative pressures. In line with our theorizing, in samples with higher levels of relational mobility constraints, the association between MGM and depressive symptoms is weaker, the associations between MGM and social support and between MGM and normative pressures are stronger, and the association between social support and depressive symptoms weaker. The indirect link between MGM and depressive symptoms via social support is significant at both low and high levels of relational mobility constraints.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/19485506241229305
Adam K. Fetterman, Nicholas D. Evans, Eriksen P. Ravey, Perla R. Henderson, Bao Han L. Tran, Ryan L. Boyd
This research explores the intricate realm of nostalgia, employing advanced language analysis and the Event Reflection Task to systematically dissect the process of nostalgic recall. Through this methodological approach, distinct thematic elements are identified across 10 data sets ( N = 2,038). Eight recurrent topics in nostalgic content are unveiled, ranging from Family and Positive Affect to Longing and Place. The interplay of these thematic categories with the psychological consequences of nostalgia reveals a complex and multifaceted pattern. Notably, themes associated with positive affect exhibit a capacity to yield a plethora of favorable psychological outcomes, while those intertwined with negative emotion are bittersweet. This investigation paves the way for inquiries into potential cross-cultural disparities, the diversification of manipulation techniques, and the application of sophisticated analytical methodologies. As nostalgia’s dimensions continue to unfold, its implications widen, inviting researchers to unearth the profound depths of emotion and cognition entwined in the reverie of reminiscence.
{"title":"The Topics of Nostalgic Recall: The Benefits of Nostalgia Depend on the Topics That One Recalls","authors":"Adam K. Fetterman, Nicholas D. Evans, Eriksen P. Ravey, Perla R. Henderson, Bao Han L. Tran, Ryan L. Boyd","doi":"10.1177/19485506241229305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241229305","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the intricate realm of nostalgia, employing advanced language analysis and the Event Reflection Task to systematically dissect the process of nostalgic recall. Through this methodological approach, distinct thematic elements are identified across 10 data sets ( N = 2,038). Eight recurrent topics in nostalgic content are unveiled, ranging from Family and Positive Affect to Longing and Place. The interplay of these thematic categories with the psychological consequences of nostalgia reveals a complex and multifaceted pattern. Notably, themes associated with positive affect exhibit a capacity to yield a plethora of favorable psychological outcomes, while those intertwined with negative emotion are bittersweet. This investigation paves the way for inquiries into potential cross-cultural disparities, the diversification of manipulation techniques, and the application of sophisticated analytical methodologies. As nostalgia’s dimensions continue to unfold, its implications widen, inviting researchers to unearth the profound depths of emotion and cognition entwined in the reverie of reminiscence.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/19485506241229308
Ethan Zell, Julia S. Johansson
Prior meta-analyses have examined the association between self-esteem and a variety of specific outcomes. Here we aggregated data across 40 unique meta-analyses, which collectively included more than 2,000 studies and 1 million participants to examine the cross-sectional association between self-esteem and overall health/well-being. Results indicated that self-esteem has a robust overall association with health/well-being ( r = .31). Moderator analyses indicated that self-esteem associations are consistent across regions, self-esteem scales, and research designs (correlational, case/control), robust across objective and subjective outcomes, and similar to the associations of other established predictors (locus of control, neuroticism, social support). However, self-esteem associations were smaller in child/adolescent samples ( r = .23) and in studies examining physical health ( r = .15) as opposed to mental health ( r = .42) or psychological adjustment ( r = .29). As the first to estimate its overall association with health/well-being, this report should stimulate theoretical integration on the potential benefits of self-esteem.
{"title":"The Association of Self-Esteem With Health and Well-Being: A Quantitative Synthesis of 40 Meta-Analyses","authors":"Ethan Zell, Julia S. Johansson","doi":"10.1177/19485506241229308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241229308","url":null,"abstract":"Prior meta-analyses have examined the association between self-esteem and a variety of specific outcomes. Here we aggregated data across 40 unique meta-analyses, which collectively included more than 2,000 studies and 1 million participants to examine the cross-sectional association between self-esteem and overall health/well-being. Results indicated that self-esteem has a robust overall association with health/well-being ( r = .31). Moderator analyses indicated that self-esteem associations are consistent across regions, self-esteem scales, and research designs (correlational, case/control), robust across objective and subjective outcomes, and similar to the associations of other established predictors (locus of control, neuroticism, social support). However, self-esteem associations were smaller in child/adolescent samples ( r = .23) and in studies examining physical health ( r = .15) as opposed to mental health ( r = .42) or psychological adjustment ( r = .29). As the first to estimate its overall association with health/well-being, this report should stimulate theoretical integration on the potential benefits of self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/19485506241229305
Adam K. Fetterman, Nicholas D. Evans, Eriksen P. Ravey, Perla R. Henderson, Bao Han L. Tran, Ryan L. Boyd
This research explores the intricate realm of nostalgia, employing advanced language analysis and the Event Reflection Task to systematically dissect the process of nostalgic recall. Through this methodological approach, distinct thematic elements are identified across 10 data sets ( N = 2,038). Eight recurrent topics in nostalgic content are unveiled, ranging from Family and Positive Affect to Longing and Place. The interplay of these thematic categories with the psychological consequences of nostalgia reveals a complex and multifaceted pattern. Notably, themes associated with positive affect exhibit a capacity to yield a plethora of favorable psychological outcomes, while those intertwined with negative emotion are bittersweet. This investigation paves the way for inquiries into potential cross-cultural disparities, the diversification of manipulation techniques, and the application of sophisticated analytical methodologies. As nostalgia’s dimensions continue to unfold, its implications widen, inviting researchers to unearth the profound depths of emotion and cognition entwined in the reverie of reminiscence.
{"title":"The Topics of Nostalgic Recall: The Benefits of Nostalgia Depend on the Topics That One Recalls","authors":"Adam K. Fetterman, Nicholas D. Evans, Eriksen P. Ravey, Perla R. Henderson, Bao Han L. Tran, Ryan L. Boyd","doi":"10.1177/19485506241229305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241229305","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the intricate realm of nostalgia, employing advanced language analysis and the Event Reflection Task to systematically dissect the process of nostalgic recall. Through this methodological approach, distinct thematic elements are identified across 10 data sets ( N = 2,038). Eight recurrent topics in nostalgic content are unveiled, ranging from Family and Positive Affect to Longing and Place. The interplay of these thematic categories with the psychological consequences of nostalgia reveals a complex and multifaceted pattern. Notably, themes associated with positive affect exhibit a capacity to yield a plethora of favorable psychological outcomes, while those intertwined with negative emotion are bittersweet. This investigation paves the way for inquiries into potential cross-cultural disparities, the diversification of manipulation techniques, and the application of sophisticated analytical methodologies. As nostalgia’s dimensions continue to unfold, its implications widen, inviting researchers to unearth the profound depths of emotion and cognition entwined in the reverie of reminiscence.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/19485506241229308
Ethan Zell, Julia S. Johansson
Prior meta-analyses have examined the association between self-esteem and a variety of specific outcomes. Here we aggregated data across 40 unique meta-analyses, which collectively included more than 2,000 studies and 1 million participants to examine the cross-sectional association between self-esteem and overall health/well-being. Results indicated that self-esteem has a robust overall association with health/well-being ( r = .31). Moderator analyses indicated that self-esteem associations are consistent across regions, self-esteem scales, and research designs (correlational, case/control), robust across objective and subjective outcomes, and similar to the associations of other established predictors (locus of control, neuroticism, social support). However, self-esteem associations were smaller in child/adolescent samples ( r = .23) and in studies examining physical health ( r = .15) as opposed to mental health ( r = .42) or psychological adjustment ( r = .29). As the first to estimate its overall association with health/well-being, this report should stimulate theoretical integration on the potential benefits of self-esteem.
{"title":"The Association of Self-Esteem With Health and Well-Being: A Quantitative Synthesis of 40 Meta-Analyses","authors":"Ethan Zell, Julia S. Johansson","doi":"10.1177/19485506241229308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241229308","url":null,"abstract":"Prior meta-analyses have examined the association between self-esteem and a variety of specific outcomes. Here we aggregated data across 40 unique meta-analyses, which collectively included more than 2,000 studies and 1 million participants to examine the cross-sectional association between self-esteem and overall health/well-being. Results indicated that self-esteem has a robust overall association with health/well-being ( r = .31). Moderator analyses indicated that self-esteem associations are consistent across regions, self-esteem scales, and research designs (correlational, case/control), robust across objective and subjective outcomes, and similar to the associations of other established predictors (locus of control, neuroticism, social support). However, self-esteem associations were smaller in child/adolescent samples ( r = .23) and in studies examining physical health ( r = .15) as opposed to mental health ( r = .42) or psychological adjustment ( r = .29). As the first to estimate its overall association with health/well-being, this report should stimulate theoretical integration on the potential benefits of self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/19485506241228469
David Dolifka, Katherine L. Christensen, Franklin Shaddy
High levels of economic inequality are associated with numerous negative individual and societal consequences, and people prefer less of it. Opposition to redistributive policies designed to reduce inequality (e.g., taxing the rich to assist the poor), however, remains persistent. In this research, we propose a simple intervention to boost support for such policies. Specifically, we suggest that describing inequality between babies (in rich or poor homes) makes unequal opportunities more salient than describing inequality between adults. Because unequal opportunities are more difficult to rationalize than unequal outcomes, this results in a shift away from individualistic attributions and toward structural attributions for inequality. Critically, structural problems require structural solutions (e.g., redistributive efforts). We test this account across five preregistered studies ( N = 5,800), spanning various presentation modalities (e.g., visual depictions, written descriptions), demographics (e.g., race, gender), inequality-reducing policies (e.g., taxation, food stamps), and a consequential choice underscoring implications for donation behavior.
{"title":"Highlighting Opportunities (Versus Outcomes) Increases Support for Economic Redistribution","authors":"David Dolifka, Katherine L. Christensen, Franklin Shaddy","doi":"10.1177/19485506241228469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241228469","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of economic inequality are associated with numerous negative individual and societal consequences, and people prefer less of it. Opposition to redistributive policies designed to reduce inequality (e.g., taxing the rich to assist the poor), however, remains persistent. In this research, we propose a simple intervention to boost support for such policies. Specifically, we suggest that describing inequality between babies (in rich or poor homes) makes unequal opportunities more salient than describing inequality between adults. Because unequal opportunities are more difficult to rationalize than unequal outcomes, this results in a shift away from individualistic attributions and toward structural attributions for inequality. Critically, structural problems require structural solutions (e.g., redistributive efforts). We test this account across five preregistered studies ( N = 5,800), spanning various presentation modalities (e.g., visual depictions, written descriptions), demographics (e.g., race, gender), inequality-reducing policies (e.g., taxation, food stamps), and a consequential choice underscoring implications for donation behavior.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/19485506241228469
David Dolifka, Katherine L. Christensen, Franklin Shaddy
High levels of economic inequality are associated with numerous negative individual and societal consequences, and people prefer less of it. Opposition to redistributive policies designed to reduce inequality (e.g., taxing the rich to assist the poor), however, remains persistent. In this research, we propose a simple intervention to boost support for such policies. Specifically, we suggest that describing inequality between babies (in rich or poor homes) makes unequal opportunities more salient than describing inequality between adults. Because unequal opportunities are more difficult to rationalize than unequal outcomes, this results in a shift away from individualistic attributions and toward structural attributions for inequality. Critically, structural problems require structural solutions (e.g., redistributive efforts). We test this account across five preregistered studies ( N = 5,800), spanning various presentation modalities (e.g., visual depictions, written descriptions), demographics (e.g., race, gender), inequality-reducing policies (e.g., taxation, food stamps), and a consequential choice underscoring implications for donation behavior.
{"title":"Highlighting Opportunities (Versus Outcomes) Increases Support for Economic Redistribution","authors":"David Dolifka, Katherine L. Christensen, Franklin Shaddy","doi":"10.1177/19485506241228469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241228469","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of economic inequality are associated with numerous negative individual and societal consequences, and people prefer less of it. Opposition to redistributive policies designed to reduce inequality (e.g., taxing the rich to assist the poor), however, remains persistent. In this research, we propose a simple intervention to boost support for such policies. Specifically, we suggest that describing inequality between babies (in rich or poor homes) makes unequal opportunities more salient than describing inequality between adults. Because unequal opportunities are more difficult to rationalize than unequal outcomes, this results in a shift away from individualistic attributions and toward structural attributions for inequality. Critically, structural problems require structural solutions (e.g., redistributive efforts). We test this account across five preregistered studies ( N = 5,800), spanning various presentation modalities (e.g., visual depictions, written descriptions), demographics (e.g., race, gender), inequality-reducing policies (e.g., taxation, food stamps), and a consequential choice underscoring implications for donation behavior.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/19485506241228465
Stylianos Syropoulos, Kyle Fiore Law, Liane Young
In a contemporary landscape fraught with unprecedented challenges, it is imperative to forge strategies that transcend present concerns and equally prioritize future generations. This research, anchored in the philosophy of longtermism, seeks to bridge this temporal divide. Across three pre-registered and highly-powered studies, we scrutinize the potential of philosophical arguments underpinning longtermism to foster alignment with its principles, thereby catalyzing attitudes and actions that resonate with a more future-oriented approach to global welfare. Leveraging scalable educational interventions through text and video media formats, we discern a noticeable resonance of these philosophical arguments among individuals, influencing their beliefs, policy support, donation behaviors, and cognitive investment directed toward the betterment of future generations. Our findings illuminate the critical mediating role of longtermism beliefs between the interventions and favorable future-focused outcomes, establishing the promising potential of philosophical discourse as a pragmatic tool in mobilizing collective efforts to safeguard our long-term future.
{"title":"Longtermist Education Interventions Increase Concern for and Action to Protect Future Generations","authors":"Stylianos Syropoulos, Kyle Fiore Law, Liane Young","doi":"10.1177/19485506241228465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241228465","url":null,"abstract":"In a contemporary landscape fraught with unprecedented challenges, it is imperative to forge strategies that transcend present concerns and equally prioritize future generations. This research, anchored in the philosophy of longtermism, seeks to bridge this temporal divide. Across three pre-registered and highly-powered studies, we scrutinize the potential of philosophical arguments underpinning longtermism to foster alignment with its principles, thereby catalyzing attitudes and actions that resonate with a more future-oriented approach to global welfare. Leveraging scalable educational interventions through text and video media formats, we discern a noticeable resonance of these philosophical arguments among individuals, influencing their beliefs, policy support, donation behaviors, and cognitive investment directed toward the betterment of future generations. Our findings illuminate the critical mediating role of longtermism beliefs between the interventions and favorable future-focused outcomes, establishing the promising potential of philosophical discourse as a pragmatic tool in mobilizing collective efforts to safeguard our long-term future.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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