{"title":"Is CBDC Undermining the Process of Money Creation?","authors":"S. Bibi, Rosa Canelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4674870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4674870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier Andrés, José Emilio Boscá Mares, Rafael Doménech, J. Ferri
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to asses the welfare and macroeconomic implications of three distinct degrowth strategies designed to reduce carbon emissions: penalizing fossil fuel demand, substituting aggregate consumption with leisure and disincentivizing total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Design/methodology/approach Using an environmental dynamic general equilibrium (eDGE) model that incorporates both green renewable technologies and fossil fuels in the production process, this study sets an emissions reduction target aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement by 2050. Findings The results reveal that the conventional degrowth strategy, wherein a reduction in the consumption of goods and services is compensated with an increase in leisure, may entail significant economic consequences, leading to a notable decline in welfare. In particular, a degrowth scenario resulting from a decline in TFP yields the most pronounced reduction in welfare. Conversely, inducing a reduction in fossil fuel demand by fiscally inflating the price of the imported commodity, despite potential social backlash, exhibits noticeably less detrimental welfare effects compared to other degrowth policies. Furthermore, under this degrowth strategy, the findings suggest that a globally coordinated strategy could result in long-term welfare gain. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first contribution that uses an eDGE model to evaluate the welfare implications of an additional degrowth strategy amidst the ongoing inertial reduction of carbon emissions.
{"title":"The Welfare Effects of Degrowth as a Decarbonization Strategy","authors":"Javier Andrés, José Emilio Boscá Mares, Rafael Doménech, J. Ferri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4708246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4708246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to asses the welfare and macroeconomic implications of three distinct degrowth strategies designed to reduce carbon emissions: penalizing fossil fuel demand, substituting aggregate consumption with leisure and disincentivizing total factor productivity (TFP) growth.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using an environmental dynamic general equilibrium (eDGE) model that incorporates both green renewable technologies and fossil fuels in the production process, this study sets an emissions reduction target aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement by 2050.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results reveal that the conventional degrowth strategy, wherein a reduction in the consumption of goods and services is compensated with an increase in leisure, may entail significant economic consequences, leading to a notable decline in welfare. In particular, a degrowth scenario resulting from a decline in TFP yields the most pronounced reduction in welfare. Conversely, inducing a reduction in fossil fuel demand by fiscally inflating the price of the imported commodity, despite potential social backlash, exhibits noticeably less detrimental welfare effects compared to other degrowth policies. Furthermore, under this degrowth strategy, the findings suggest that a globally coordinated strategy could result in long-term welfare gain.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first contribution that uses an eDGE model to evaluate the welfare implications of an additional degrowth strategy amidst the ongoing inertial reduction of carbon emissions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urvashi Kishnani, Isabella Cardenas, Jailene Castillo, Rosalyn Conry, Lukas Rodwin, Rika Ruiz, Matthew Walther, Sanchari Das
With the growth of digital monetary transactions and cashless payments, encouraged by the COVID-19 pandemic, use of e-payment applications is on the rise. It is thus imperative to understand and evaluate the current posture of e-payment applications from three major user-facing angles: security, privacy, and usability. To this, we created a high-fidelity prototype of an e-payment application that encompassed features that we wanted to test with users. We then conducted a pilot study where we recruited 12 participants who tested our prototype. We find that both security and privacy are important for users of e-payment applications. Additionally, some participants perceive the strength of security and privacy based on the usability of the application. We provide recommendations such as universal design of e-payment applications.
{"title":"Towards Perceived Security, Perceived Privacy, and the Universal Design of E-Payment Applications","authors":"Urvashi Kishnani, Isabella Cardenas, Jailene Castillo, Rosalyn Conry, Lukas Rodwin, Rika Ruiz, Matthew Walther, Sanchari Das","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4887848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4887848","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of digital monetary transactions and cashless payments, encouraged by the COVID-19 pandemic, use of e-payment applications is on the rise. It is thus imperative to understand and evaluate the current posture of e-payment applications from three major user-facing angles: security, privacy, and usability. To this, we created a high-fidelity prototype of an e-payment application that encompassed features that we wanted to test with users. We then conducted a pilot study where we recruited 12 participants who tested our prototype. We find that both security and privacy are important for users of e-payment applications. Additionally, some participants perceive the strength of security and privacy based on the usability of the application. We provide recommendations such as universal design of e-payment applications.","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carole Bernard, Marco Feliciangeli, Steven Vanduffel
{"title":"Can an Actuarially Unfair Tontine Be Optimal?","authors":"Carole Bernard, Marco Feliciangeli, Steven Vanduffel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4672280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4672280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We begin this paper by describing social sciences research techniques which are an intrinsic and an integral part of general research techniques. As a part of this process, we also describe different types of research such as qualitative and quantitative research, randomized controlled trials, experimental design, quasi- experimental design, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies to the extent they pertain to social sciences research. We also make a reference to several of our previously published papers such as the sociological ninety ten rules, the certainty uncertainty principle for the social sciences, inductive approaches and nomothetic rule building. We then proceed to develop several new concepts such as the importance of the assessment of time lag in social sciences research, and identify various situations where a high time lag is not permissible, is tolerable, and is in fact, highly recommended. We also explore the various types of obsolescence associated with time lag. Last but not the least, we proceed to lay down what we believe are the lacunae and shortcomings of present day social sciences research, and what can be done to overcome them from a global centric perspective. We also present some novel applications of social sciences research. We therefore believe this would constitute an important paper in our globalization of science movement by raising awareness on the importance of social science research techniques in various academic disciplines, and in daily life.
{"title":"Widening the Scope of Social Science Research to Cover Global Considerations: How \"Practicalism\" Can Help Identify New Vistas in Social Science Research","authors":"Sujay Rao Mandavilli Mandavilli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4882893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4882893","url":null,"abstract":"We begin this paper by describing social sciences research techniques which are an intrinsic and an integral part of general research techniques. As a part of this process, we also describe different types of research such as qualitative and quantitative research, randomized controlled trials, experimental design, quasi- experimental design, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies to the extent they pertain to social sciences research. We also make a reference to several of our previously published papers such as the sociological ninety ten rules, the certainty uncertainty principle for the social sciences, inductive approaches and nomothetic rule building. We then proceed to develop several new concepts such as the importance of the assessment of time lag in social sciences research, and identify various situations where a high time lag is not permissible, is tolerable, and is in fact, highly recommended. We also explore the various types of obsolescence associated with time lag. Last but not the least, we proceed to lay down what we believe are the lacunae and shortcomings of present day social sciences research, and what can be done to overcome them from a global centric perspective. We also present some novel applications of social sciences research. We therefore believe this would constitute an important paper in our globalization of science movement by raising awareness on the importance of social science research techniques in various academic disciplines, and in daily life.","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Development of Quantum Computing","authors":"Manikanta Korrapati","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4778852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4778852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the prevailing focus on the public markets, private companies represent approximately half of the world economy, if not more. This is a descriptive article presenting a summary of data and results from the 2024 Private Capital Markets Report, which is the product of the annual private capital markets survey. The annual survey was launched in 2009 and examines the behavior and trends of senior lenders, asset-based lenders, mezzanine funds, private equity groups, venture capital firms, angel investors, privately-held businesses, investment bankers, business brokers, limited partners, and business appraisers. Most of the survey panelists are based in the United States of America, but this is not a requirement. The data set also includes many panelists outside of the U.S. There was a total of 1,143 respondents represented in the 2024 survey. An empirical result of this article is that we test the theory that the recent return of warrants to mezzanine deals is associated with a higher interest rate environment. We find evidence supporting that association. These results may be helpful for academics and practitioners forecasting mezzanine activity and deal terms.
{"title":"Private Capital Markets Insights 2024: The Return of Warrants to Mezzanine Debt","authors":"Craig R. Everett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4879525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4879525","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the prevailing focus on the public markets, private companies represent approximately half of the world economy, if not more. This is a descriptive article presenting a summary of data and results from the 2024 Private Capital Markets Report, which is the product of the annual private capital markets survey. The annual survey was launched in 2009 and examines the behavior and trends of senior lenders, asset-based lenders, mezzanine funds, private equity groups, venture capital firms, angel investors, privately-held businesses, investment bankers, business brokers, limited partners, and business appraisers. Most of the survey panelists are based in the United States of America, but this is not a requirement. The data set also includes many panelists outside of the U.S. There was a total of 1,143 respondents represented in the 2024 survey. An empirical result of this article is that we test the theory that the recent return of warrants to mezzanine deals is associated with a higher interest rate environment. We find evidence supporting that association. These results may be helpful for academics and practitioners forecasting mezzanine activity and deal terms.","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Will we as passengers use highly automated vehicles? Examining the importance of role adaptation on people’s acceptance of the automation","authors":"Binlin Yi, Haotian Cao, Xiaolin Song, Wenfeng Guo, Jiangqiang Wang, Mingjun Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4680763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4680763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why Do Banks Require Minimum Balance to Avoid a Fee?","authors":"Oz Shy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4681902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4681902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison of Standard Statistical, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods in Forecasting the Time Series","authors":"Krish Ghosh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4840148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4840148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21855,"journal":{"name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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