Soils and Foundations最新文献

Optimizing compaction of low-grade embankment soils with non-plastic fines under cyclic traffic loading and seasonal moisture variations 循环交通荷载和季节湿度变化下低品位非塑性细粒路堤土的优化压实

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101729

Bhargavi Chowdepalli , Kenji Watanabe , Hiroyuki Kyokawa

In many developing countries in Asia, the scarcity of high-quality natural sands poses a major challenge to the cost-effective construction of road and railway embankments. As a result, there is an increasing need to utilize locally available sandy soils with higher fines contents. These embankments are typically compacted under unsaturated conditions and subsequently subjected to vehicle-induced cyclic loading and saturation fluctuations over time due to seasonal rainfall. However, the long-term performance of such materials under these combined effects remains insufficiently understood.

The cyclic and post-cyclic behavior of compacted sandy soils with varying fines contents was investigated in this study to better understand the soils’ mechanical response and suitability for embankment applications, specifically when subjected to seasonal rainfall and long-term cyclic loading. A comprehensive testing program was conducted, including suction-controlled drained cyclic triaxial tests followed by post-cyclic monotonic loading under both unsaturated and soaked conditions. The results showed that, under unsaturated conditions, increasing compaction significantly reduces the accumulated axial strain while enhancing post-cyclic strength and stiffness. Lower saturation levels lead to higher initial suction, which improves stiffness and post-cyclic strength, especially in soils with higher fines. While soils with higher fines contents display increased post-cyclic strength due to improved suction and interparticle friction, they also experience greater axial strain during cyclic loading, particularly when compacted at low saturation levels due to reduced skeletal stability.

Soaking leads to a notable reduction in post-cyclic strength, especially in soils initially compacted at low saturation levels with high fines contents, despite having higher initial stiffness and suction. This highlights the critical role of suction and fabric stability in maintaining a long-term soil performance. These findings provide practical guidance for optimizing compaction and moisture control in the field, and for supporting the sustainable use of locally available fine-grained soils for embankment construction under cyclic loading and environmental changes.

在亚洲的许多发展中国家，高质量天然砂的稀缺对具有成本效益的公路和铁路路堤建设构成了重大挑战。因此，越来越需要利用当地可利用的细粒含量较高的沙质土壤。这些路堤通常在非饱和条件下压实，随后受到车辆引起的循环载荷和季节性降雨引起的饱和度随时间波动。然而，这些材料在这些综合作用下的长期性能仍然没有得到充分的了解。本研究研究了不同细粒含量的压实砂质土的循环和后循环行为，以更好地了解土的力学响应和路堤应用的适用性，特别是当受到季节性降雨和长期循环加载时。进行了全面的试验方案，包括吸力控制排水循环三轴试验和非饱和和浸水条件下的循环后单调加载试验。结果表明，在非饱和条件下，增加压实量可显著降低累积轴向应变，提高循环后强度和刚度。较低的饱和水平导致较高的初始吸力，这提高了刚度和循环后强度，特别是在具有较高细粒的土壤中。虽然细粒含量较高的土壤由于吸力和颗粒间摩擦的改善而表现出更高的循环后强度，但在循环加载过程中，它们也会经历更大的轴向应变，特别是在低饱和水平压实时，由于骨骼稳定性降低。浸泡导致循环后强度的显著降低，特别是在低饱和、高细粒含量的初始压实土中，尽管具有较高的初始刚度和吸力。这突出了吸力和织物稳定性在保持长期土壤性能中的关键作用。这些发现为优化现场压实和水分控制提供了实用指导，并为支持在循环荷载和环境变化下可持续利用当地可用的细粒土进行路堤建设提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of water immersion on the mechanical properties and hydrochemical characteristics of cemented calcareous soil 水浸对胶结钙质土力学性能及水化学特性的影响

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101759

Peng Feng , Juntao Li , Pan Cao , Jin Ren , Yuanfeng Dong , Guanzhong Wu , Ran Tang , Xuanmei Fan

The mechanical response of cemented calcareous soils to water immersion is critically influenced by the complex architecture of their particulate framework and cementing materials. Understanding the mechanical and hydrochemical properties of these soils under saturated conditions is crucial for assessing the stability of geoengineering structures. The research detailed in this manuscript evaluates the influences of water immersion on the mechanical and hydrochemical characteristics of cemented calcareous soil collected near the Jinsha River. Additionally, the study discusses the implications of these soil properties for geological phenomena located in proximity to the sampling area. The results showed that prolonged immersion precipitates substantial alterations in the hydraulic conductivity of cemented calcareous soil, accompanied by extensive ion dissolution that modifies its hydrochemical properties. The soaking solution exhibits alkalinity with high concentrations of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻. Initial short-term immersion augments the strength of cemented calcareous soil, while a progressive decline in strength occurs as the immersion period extends, with the natural state displaying markedly greater strength relative to the dried state. Long-term immersion facilitates the moisture infiltration into the interstitial spaces between particles, dissolving the cementing material and undermining the interparticle bonds, which critically impairs the mechanical properties and stability of the soil. Furthermore, localized seepage facilitates the migration and precipitation of soluble salts in moisture-prone environments, exacerbating the weathering and degradation processes. Such long-term immersion results in structural transformations within the soil, undermining the cementation structure and potentially precipitating soil collapse.

水浸作用下胶结钙质土的力学响应受其颗粒框架和胶结材料的复杂结构的严重影响。了解这些土壤在饱和条件下的力学和水化学性质对于评估地球工程结构的稳定性至关重要。本文研究了水浸泡对金沙江附近胶结钙质土力学和水化学特性的影响。此外，研究还讨论了这些土壤性质对采样区附近地质现象的影响。结果表明，长时间浸水会使胶结钙质土的导电性发生显著变化，并伴有大量离子溶解，改变了其水化学性质。浸渍液呈碱性，含有高浓度的Ca2+和HCO3−。初始短时间的浸水使钙质土的强度增大，但随着浸水时间的延长，强度逐渐下降，自然状态下的强度明显高于干燥状态。长期浸水会使水分渗入颗粒间空隙，溶解胶结材料，破坏颗粒间的粘结，严重影响土壤的力学性能和稳定性。此外，局部渗流促进了易湿环境中可溶性盐的迁移和沉淀，加剧了风化和降解过程。这种长期浸没会导致土壤内部的结构变化，破坏胶结结构，并可能导致土壤塌陷。

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引用次数: 0

Research on creep mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of water-saturated coal-bearing sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles 冻融循环作用下含水煤砂岩蠕变力学特性及损伤机理研究

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101743

Peng Wu , Lianying Zhang , Shuai Guo , Yiwen Mao , Fuqiang Zhu

To reveal the long-term instability mechanism of rock slopes in open-pit coal mines in cold regions, this study takes water-saturated coal-bearing sandstone from the Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine as the research object. Systematic uniaxial compression creep tests were conducted under different freezing temperatures (−5°C, −10°C, −15°C, −20°C) and freeze–thaw cycles (5, 10, 15, 20 times). Combined with longitudinal wave velocity measurements, porosity tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) meso-analysis, the coupled damage evolution law under freeze–thaw-creep conditions was elucidated. The results show that: With decreasing freezing temperature and increasing freeze–thaw cycles, the reduction rate of longitudinal wave velocity and the increment of porosity significantly increase (e.g., wave velocity reduction rate reached 29.58% at −20°C/20 cycles). The number of freeze–thaw cycles exhibits higher sensitivity to damage than freezing temperature. The creep failure stress significantly attenuates (decreased by 21.8% at −20°C compared to −5°C, and by 53.0% after 20 cycles compared to 5 cycles). The ratio of long-term strength to peak strength remained stable at approximately 80%. Microscopically, a sequential damage mechanism is identified, initiating with ice-expansion cracking, progressing to thermal fatigue accumulation, followed by pore networking, and culminating in particle spalling. This process leads to a transition in the macroscopic failure mode from pure shear to a tensile-shear composite. This study provides a theoretical basis for stability assessment and prevention of coal mine slopes in cold regions.

为揭示寒区露天矿岩质边坡长期失稳机理，本研究以安泰堡露天矿含水饱和含煤砂岩为研究对象。系统进行了不同冻结温度（- 5°C、- 10°C、- 15°C、- 20°C）和冻融循环（5、10、15、20次）下的单轴压缩蠕变试验。结合纵波测速、孔隙率测试和扫描电镜细观分析，阐明了冻融蠕变条件下的耦合损伤演化规律。结果表明：随着冻结温度的降低和冻融循环次数的增加，纵波速度降低率和孔隙率增量显著增加（−20℃/20循环时，波速降低率达到29.58%）；冻融循环次数对损伤的敏感性高于冻结温度。蠕变破坏应力显著衰减（在- 20°C时比- 5°C降低21.8%，在20次循环后比5次循环降低53.0%）。长期强度与峰值强度的比值稳定在80%左右。微观上，确定了连续的损伤机制，从冰膨胀开裂开始，发展到热疲劳积累，然后是孔隙网络，最后是颗粒剥落。这一过程导致宏观破坏模式由纯剪切向拉剪复合破坏转变。该研究为寒区煤矿边坡稳定性评价及防治提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-model feature-importance analysis of soil properties for predicting optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight of fine-grained soils 预测细粒土最佳含水量和最大干重的土壤特性的交叉模型特征重要性分析

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101728

Harish Paneru, Netra Prakash Bhandary

This study evaluates the influence of routine soil index properties on the prediction of optimum moisture content (w_opt) and maximum dry unit weight (γ_dmax), which are the primary outcomes of the Proctor compaction test, using machine learning (ML) methods. A curated database of fine-grained soils (n = 465, drawn from 15 sources) included gravel content (GC), sand content (SC), fines content (FC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), specific gravity (Gs), w_opt, and γ_dmax. After correlation-based feature filtering, three models were developed: Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The training used nested cross-validation with Bayesian optimization, corresponding to an overall 80–20 train-test split. The model performance was evaluated using R², RMSE, MAE, MAPE, r, and the overfitting ratio calculated for the test set. For w_opt, the best GAM model achieved R² = 0.84 and RMSE = 2.16%, outperforming RF and XGBoost. For γ_dmax, the best GAM and XGBoost models reached R² = 0.79 and RMSE = 0.76 kN/m³, respectively. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), model-based importance scores, and single ablation analyses consistently identified LL and PL as the most influential predictors, and FC provided secondary contributions, while GC and Gs added little once LL and PL had been included. Moreover, paired-feature ablation confirmed the joint influence of LL and PL on the prediction. Overall, all three models predicted compaction parameters with good accuracy; however, GAM models achieved comparable or better predictive metric values than the ensembles (RF and XGBoost) while offering interpretability through plots linking soil indices with the predicted outcomes. This balance of accuracy and interpretability supports GAM as the preferred model for prediction modeling.

本研究利用机器学习（ML）方法，评估了常规土壤指标特性对Proctor压实试验主要结果——最佳含水量（wopt）和最大干重（γdmax）预测的影响。一个精心设计的细粒土壤数据库（n = 465，来自15个来源）包括砾石含量（GC）、砂含量（SC）、细粒含量（FC）、液体极限（LL）、塑性极限（PL）、塑性指数（PI）、比重（Gs）、wopt和γdmax。经过相关特征滤波，建立了广义加性模型（GAM）、随机森林模型（RF）和极端梯度增强模型（XGBoost）。训练使用嵌套交叉验证与贝叶斯优化，对应于整体80-20训练测试分割。使用R2、RMSE、MAE、MAPE、r和计算测试集的过拟合比率来评估模型的性能。对于wopt，最佳GAM模型的R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 2.16%，优于RF和XGBoost。对于γ - dmax， GAM模型和XGBoost模型分别达到R2 = 0.79和RMSE = 0.76 kN/m3。SHapley加性解释（SHAP）、基于模型的重要性评分和单一消融分析一致认为LL和PL是最具影响力的预测因子，FC提供了次要贡献，而GC和Gs在包括LL和PL后几乎没有添加。此外，配对特征消融证实了LL和PL对预测的共同影响。总体而言，三种模型对压实参数的预测精度均较高；然而，GAM模型获得了与集成（RF和XGBoost）相当或更好的预测度量值，同时通过将土壤指数与预测结果联系起来的图提供了可解释性。这种准确性和可解释性的平衡支持GAM作为预测建模的首选模型。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring of supporting soil during construction of 330-m supertall building on spread foundation in Tokyo 东京330米超高层铺装地基施工中支护土监测

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101746

Youhao Zhou , Takatoshi Kiriyama , Yoshiharu Asaka

The Mori JP Tower is a newly constructed 330-m supertall building located in Tokyo, Japan. As the tallest building in Japan, as of 2025, it is directly supported by the Kazusa Group, which is a Pleistocene stratum with a shear wave velocity of more than 400 m/s via a spread foundation. The building was constructed using a combination of the bottom-up and top-down methods. Owing to the unprecedented scale of buildings in Japan and the complexity of the construction process, the supporting soil may exhibit complex behaviors that are difficult to predict accurately. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the movement of the supporting soil to ensure construction quality. This paper reports on the monitoring methods, vertical displacement, and changes in stiffness of the supporting soil during the construction process. The following results were obtained: (1) The supporting soil at the center of the tower showed a rebound of 35 mm by the end of the excavation and then settled 42 mm by the end of the construction. (2) The vertical displacement of the supporting soil was affected by changes in the groundwater level. (3) The shear wave velocity of the supporting soil showed a confining-pressure dependency, particularly in the sandy sand–clay mixture strata. (4) The rebound and settlement during the construction, as well as the confining-pressure dependency of the soil, were generally in line with previous reports.

森JP大厦是位于日本东京的一座新建的330米的超高层建筑。作为日本最高的建筑，截至2025年，它是由Kazusa集团直接支撑的，该集团是一个更新世地层，剪切波速超过400 m/s，通过扩展基础。该建筑采用自下而上和自上而下的方法相结合的方式建造。由于日本史无前例的建筑规模和施工过程的复杂性，支撑土可能会表现出难以准确预测的复杂行为。因此，监测支护土的运动对保证施工质量至关重要。本文报道了施工过程中支护土的监测方法、竖向位移和刚度变化。结果表明：(1)塔身中心土体开挖结束时回弹35 mm，施工结束时沉降42 mm。(2)支护土的竖向位移受地下水位变化的影响。(3)支撑土的剪切波速与围压密切相关，特别是在砂土-粘土混合地层中。(4)施工过程中土体的回弹、沉降及围压依赖性与文献报道基本一致。

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引用次数: 0

Kinematic response of end-bearing piles in nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils subjected to seismic P-waves 地震纵波作用下非均质非饱和土端承桩的运动响应

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101752

Wenjie Ma , Koichi Isobe , Eng-Choon Leong , Bolin Wang , Xu Wang , Changdan Wang

This study proposes an analytical model to investigate the kinematic response of end-bearing piles in nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils subjected to vertically propagating seismic P-waves. The soil profile exhibits continuous heterogeneity characterized by power-law variations in Lamé constants, density, porosity, and bulk modulus of three-phase along the pile shaft, while the pile is modeled as a standard beam with fixed-base boundary conditions. Governing equations for the coupled soil-pile system are derived employing the three-phase poroelastic theory within a continuum mechanics framework. The mathematical formulation utilizes Laplace transforms combined with operator decomposition techniques to decouple wave propagation equations, with potential functions employed to address compressional wave interactions. Frequency-domain solutions are obtained through rigorous enforcement of displacement-stress continuity conditions at the pile-soil interface and predefined boundary constraints under P-wave excitation. Validation through degenerate case comparisons demonstrates consistency with classical solutions for homogeneous saturated and single phase soils profiles. Parametric analyses systematically explore how gradient variation patterns, soil saturation, air-entry value, pile slenderness ratios, and pile-soil modulus ratios on seismic response characteristics.

本文提出了非均质非饱和土中端承桩在地震纵波垂直传播作用下的运动响应分析模型。土体剖面呈现连续的非均匀性，其特征为lam常数、密度、孔隙度和三相体积模量沿桩身呈幂律变化，而桩被建模为具有固定基底边界条件的标准梁。采用连续介质力学框架下的三相孔弹性理论，推导了桩土耦合系统的控制方程。数学公式利用拉普拉斯变换结合算子分解技术来解耦波传播方程，并使用势函数来解决纵波相互作用。通过严格执行p波激励下的桩土界面位移-应力连续条件和预定义的边界约束，获得了频域解。通过退化案例比较验证了与均匀饱和和单相土壤剖面的经典解的一致性。参数分析系统地探讨了梯度变化模式、土壤饱和度、进风值、桩长细比和桩土模量比对地震反应特征的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the vertical bearing characteristics and influencing factors of threaded piles 螺纹桩竖向承载特性及影响因素研究

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101731

Lina Xu , Peng Zhang , Chenhui Qi , Lei Niu , Junjie Zheng

This study investigated the mechanism by which thread height affects the load-bearing performance of threaded piles, as this is a critical factor influencing their vertical bearing capacity. Laboratory half-pile model tests combined with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were used for this investigation. Concurrently, numerical simulation analysis was used to systematically examine the influence of thread height, thread pitch, thread shape and thread thickness on the load-bearing capacity of threaded piles. The findings suggest that the threaded parameters primarily influences the bearing capacity of individual threaded piles by increasing the contact area between the pile and the soil and enhancing the mechanical interlocking effects, compared to straight piles. As thread height increases, the pile’s bearing capacity increases, though at a gradually diminishing rate. Concurrently, the pile body’s material utilisation rate reaches a peak, with optimal performance observed when the thread height is between 8 and 10 mm. When the pitch ratio (i.e. the ratio of thread pitch to main pile diameter) is 1.0, the threaded pile demonstrates superior bearing capacity. In terms of thread geometry, trapezoidal threads correspond to the highest ultimate bearing capacity. Furthermore, under identical settlement values for threaded piles, trapezoidal threads maximise material utilisation efficiency. Additionally, thread thickness has a relatively minor influence on pile bearing performance.

螺纹高度是影响螺纹桩竖向承载力的关键因素，研究了螺纹高度影响螺纹桩承载性能的机理。采用室内半桩模型试验与数字图像相关（DIC）相结合的方法进行研究。同时，采用数值模拟分析方法系统考察了螺纹高度、螺纹节距、螺纹形状和螺纹厚度对螺纹桩承载能力的影响。研究结果表明，与直桩相比，螺纹参数主要通过增加桩与土的接触面积和增强机械联锁效应来影响单螺纹桩的承载力。随着螺纹高度的增加，桩的承载力逐渐增大，但增大的幅度逐渐减小。同时，桩身的材料利用率达到峰值，当螺纹高度在8 ~ 10 mm之间时性能最佳。当螺纹节距比（即螺纹节距与主桩直径之比）为1.0时，螺纹桩具有较好的承载能力。在螺纹几何形状方面，梯形螺纹对应最高的极限承载能力。此外，在相同的沉降值下，梯形螺纹最大限度地提高了材料利用效率。此外，螺纹厚度对桩的承载性能影响较小。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing the shearing strength of compacted Qiantang River silty clay from a state-dependent perspective 基于状态依赖的钱塘江粉质黏土抗剪强度表征

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101727

Xiao Wei , Hongliang Liu , Lisha Zhang , Kaiyuan Han , Xin Liu , Zhongxuan Yang

Compacted clay is widely used in geotechnical projects involving road embankment, subgrades, backfillings, etc. The shearing strength of saturated compacted clay is an important parameter in the analysis of the stability of these structures, and it is affected by states of soil, fabric, stress history, etc., making the characterization of the shearing strength remain difficult. This study investigated the shearing behaviors and shearing strength of a saturated and compacted Qiantang River silty clay using undrained triaxial compression tests. The specimens were compacted to different void ratios and saturated, followed by consolidation to different effective confining pressures for triaxial compression. The shearing behaviors are found to be state-dependent, namely, dependent on the void ratio and effective confining pressure before shearing. Several characteristic states, such as the undrained instability state, quasi-steady state, phase transformations state, and critical state, have been identified for each specimen. The deviatoric stresses at these states were characterized in the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The state parameter can be used to characterize the state-dependent shearing strength, while a modified state pressure index was proposed and found to be a better state variable for characterizing the state-dependent shearing strength of the compacted clay.

压实粘土广泛应用于道路路堤、路基、回填等岩土工程中。饱和压实黏土的抗剪强度是分析这些结构稳定性的重要参数，它受土体状态、织物状态、应力历史等因素的影响，使得抗剪强度的表征仍然很困难。采用不排水三轴压缩试验研究了饱和压实的钱塘江粉质粘土的剪切特性和抗剪强度。将试件压实至不同空隙比并达到饱和状态，然后在不同有效围压下进行三轴压缩固结。结果表明，剪切行为与剪切前孔隙比和有效围压有关。几个特征状态，如不排水不稳定状态，准稳态，相变状态，和临界状态，已确定为每个样品。在临界状态土力学框架下，对这些状态下的偏应力进行了表征。状态参数可用于表征状态相关抗剪强度，修正状态压力指数是表征压实黏土状态相关抗剪强度的较好状态变量。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced diesel removal from contaminated soil: A coupled approach of negative-pressure extraction and subzero-temperature-induced migration 提高柴油从污染土壤中去除：负压萃取和零下温度诱导迁移的耦合方法

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101742

Liyu Yi , Jielong Rao , Yong Wan , Yaoqiang Chen , Zhixiang Chen

To reduce the energy demand of conventional high-temperature thermal desorption and related technologies for remediating organic-contaminated soils, and to elucidate the evolution of liquid-phase contaminants in soils subjected to coupled temperature–pressure fields, this study develops a remediation process that couples negative-pressure extraction with subzero-temperature-induced migration of diesel in porous media. The method exploits the depression of liquid boiling points under reduced pressure and the acceleration of fluid transport driven by temperature gradients in porous media. Saturated diesel-contaminated soils with different initial dry densities (ρ_d) were treated under low-temperature negative-pressure conditions, and diesel removal tests were conducted. The results show that, for all ρ_d considered, the removal efficiency exhibits a characteristic three-stage temporal evolution. Under subzero temperature and negative pressure, the residual diesel mass fraction in the samples stabilizes at approximately 10–12%, approaching the residual liquid content of the soil and indicating that late-stage removal is controlled by high-boiling fractions and strong sorption. Post-test energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirms that the carbon content in the soil decreases from about 35% to 13%, demonstrating a substantial reduction in organic contamination. Overall, the proposed approach achieves stepwise, high-efficiency removal of high-boiling organic pollutants at moderate to low energy input, and provides quantitative criteria for the scale-up design and energy optimization of subzero negative-pressure remediation processes.

为了减少传统高温热解吸及相关技术修复有机污染土壤的能源需求，并阐明温度-压力耦合场下土壤中液相污染物的演变，本研究开发了一种将负压萃取与柴油在多孔介质中的亚零度迁移耦合的修复工艺。该方法利用了多孔介质中温度梯度驱动的减压下液体沸点的降低和流体输运的加速。在低温负压条件下对不同初始干密度（ρd）的饱和柴油污染土壤进行处理，并进行脱柴油试验。结果表明，对于所有考虑的ρd，去除效率都表现出特征的三阶段时间演化。在零下温度和负压条件下，样品中残余柴油质量分数稳定在10-12%左右，接近土壤残液含量，表明后期去除受高沸点和强吸附控制。测试后的能量色散x射线光谱进一步证实，土壤中的碳含量从约35%下降到13%，表明有机污染大幅减少。总体而言，该方法在中低能量输入下实现了高沸点有机污染物的分步高效去除，为零下负压修复工艺的规模化设计和能量优化提供了定量标准。

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引用次数: 0

A novel settlement calculation method and engineering application of strength composite piles 一种新型强度复合桩沉降计算方法及工程应用

IF 3.3 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soils and Foundations

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101749

Heng Liu, Peng Xi, Xihao Yan, Zhengwei Wang, Mingjie Xu, Lei Guo, Ning Zhang

As a novel type of pile foundation structure, the strength composite (SC) piles lack a settlement calculation method that accurately reflects the stress diffusion state within the composite soil mass. In this study, based on the multilayer theory, a settlement calculation formula for strength composite (SC) piles is proposed for homogeneous foundations, which accounts for the evolution of the plastic zone in the surrounding soil. This method is then extended to the settlement calculation of SC piles in layered foundations encountered in practical engineering. A corresponding calculation program is also developed. Through comparison with static load tests, recommendations are provided for the form of the soil modulus distribution around the pile and the value of the soil disturbance radius. Finally, the proposed method is applied to case studies of typical engineering sites. The results show that the calculated values agree well with the measured values in both trend and magnitude, reflecting the nonlinear bearing characteristics of the SC pile. The proposed method demonstrates broad applicability and satisfactory engineering accuracy.

强度复合桩作为一种新型的桩基础结构，缺乏一种能够准确反映复合土体内部应力扩散状态的沉降计算方法。本文基于多层理论，提出了考虑周围土体塑性区演化的均质地基强度复合桩沉降计算公式。将该方法推广到实际工程中遇到的层状地基中SC桩的沉降计算中。并编制了相应的计算程序。通过与静载试验的比较，对桩周土体模量分布形式和土体扰动半径取值提出了建议。最后，将该方法应用于典型工程现场的实例研究。结果表明，计算值与实测值在趋势和幅度上都吻合较好，反映了SC桩的非线性承载特性。该方法具有广泛的适用性和较好的工程精度。

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