首页 > 最新文献

Soils and Foundations最新文献

英文 中文
Constitutive modeling and analysis of geomaterials 岩土材料的本构建模与分析
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101392
Fusao Oka

This is a review of the papers written by the author with co-researchers, which have been published in Soils & Foundations and related publications. The contents of the papers are related to experimental and theoretical aspects of geomechanics, namely, the constitutive modeling of cohesive and sandy soils, the governing equations of three-phase materials, and analyses of the behavior of geomaterials and grounds. The following topics are included in the papers: effective stress, skeleton stress, constitutive models of clayey and sandy soils and soft rocks, material instability, strain localization, consolidation, bearing capacity, excavation problems, governing equations of multi-phase geomaterials, liquefaction, unsaturated soil, seepage-deformation coupled analysis, gas hydrate-contained soil, internal erosion, the material point method (MPM), and X-ray CT for geomaterials.

这是对作者与合作研究人员撰写的论文的综述,这些论文已发表在《土壤》杂志上。基金会和相关出版物。这些论文的内容涉及地质力学的实验和理论方面,即粘性土和砂质土的本构模型,三相材料的控制方程,以及岩土材料和地基的行为分析。论文的主题包括:有效应力、骨架应力、粘土、砂土和软岩的本构模型、材料失稳、应变局部化、固结、承载力、开挖问题、多相岩土材料的控制方程、液化、非饱和土、渗透-变形耦合分析、含天然气水合物的土、内部侵蚀、物质点法(MPM)和岩土材料的x射线CT。
{"title":"Constitutive modeling and analysis of geomaterials","authors":"Fusao Oka","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a review of the papers written by the author with co-researchers, which have been published in Soils &amp; Foundations and related publications. The contents of the papers are related to experimental and theoretical aspects of geomechanics, namely, the constitutive modeling of cohesive and sandy soils, the governing equations of three-phase materials, and analyses of the behavior of geomaterials and grounds. The following topics are included in the papers: effective stress, skeleton stress, constitutive models of clayey and sandy soils and soft rocks, material instability, strain localization, consolidation, bearing capacity, excavation problems, governing equations of multi-phase geomaterials, liquefaction, unsaturated soil, seepage-deformation coupled analysis, gas hydrate-contained soil, internal erosion, the material point method (MPM), and X-ray CT for geomaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003808062300121X/pdfft?md5=84ead0521d933457301d3e8244d6d19d&pid=1-s2.0-S003808062300121X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92129407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability of tunnel face in unsaturated sand possessing apparent cohesion: A micro-macro analytical approach 具有表观黏聚力的非饱和砂土隧道工作面稳定性:一种微观宏观分析方法
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101396
Junzuo He , Shaoming Liao , Mengbo Liu , Iwanami Motoi , Junhua Xiao

Although the stability of tunnel face in the dry and saturated sandy ground is widely studied, the unsaturated sandy ground which possesses apparent cohesion is more common in engineering. For remedying this deficiency, the theoretical association between apparent cohesion and the saturation degree is firstly established in microscopic prospective. Then, the formation mechanism of the self-stabilized arch and the limit support pressure (LSP) of the tunnel face are derived by incorporating apparent cohesion into the macroscopic limit equilibrium analysis of the multi-arches model. Subsequently, the validities of the proposed approach in estimating apparent cohesion, loosening zone height and LSP are well confirmed (the average error rates of LSP are within 12 %) via comparisons with direct shear tests, model tests and other existing methods. Finally, as revealed by the parametric discussion, under the effect of apparent cohesion, LSP is negatively correlated with compactness, internal friction angle, and contact angle while decreases firstly (to a minimum value of 0.09γD ∼ 0.15γD) and then increase with the rise of saturation degree. Besides, the LSP has a parabolic distribution along the depth with its peak value emerges between 0.3D and 0.45D.

虽然对干饱和砂土条件下隧道工作面稳定性的研究较多,但具有明显黏聚力的非饱和砂土在工程中更为常见。为了弥补这一不足,首先从微观角度建立了视黏聚力与饱和度之间的理论联系。然后,将视黏聚力纳入多拱模型的宏观极限平衡分析,推导出自稳拱的形成机理和巷道工作面极限支护压力;随后,通过与直剪试验、模型试验等现有方法的比较,验证了该方法在估计表观黏聚力、松动区高度和LSP方面的有效性(LSP的平均错误率在12%以内)。最后,由参数讨论可知,在表观黏聚力的作用下,LSP与密实度、内摩擦角和接触角呈负相关,随着饱和度的升高,LSP先减小(最小值为0.09γD ~ 0.15γD),后增大。LSP沿深度呈抛物线型分布,峰值出现在0.3 ~ 0.45D之间。
{"title":"Stability of tunnel face in unsaturated sand possessing apparent cohesion: A micro-macro analytical approach","authors":"Junzuo He ,&nbsp;Shaoming Liao ,&nbsp;Mengbo Liu ,&nbsp;Iwanami Motoi ,&nbsp;Junhua Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the stability of tunnel face in the dry and saturated sandy ground is widely studied, the unsaturated sandy ground which possesses apparent cohesion is more common in engineering. For remedying this deficiency, the theoretical association between apparent cohesion and the saturation degree is firstly established in microscopic prospective. Then, the formation mechanism of the self-stabilized arch and the limit support pressure (LSP) of the tunnel face are derived by incorporating apparent cohesion into the macroscopic limit equilibrium analysis of the multi-arches model. Subsequently, the validities of the proposed approach in estimating apparent cohesion, loosening zone height and LSP are well confirmed (the average error rates of LSP are within 12 %) via comparisons with direct shear tests, model tests and other existing methods. Finally, as revealed by the parametric discussion, under the effect of apparent cohesion, LSP is negatively correlated with compactness, internal friction angle, and contact angle while decreases firstly (to a minimum value of 0.09<em>γD</em> ∼ 0.15<em>γD</em>) and then increase with the rise of saturation degree. Besides, the LSP has a parabolic distribution along the depth with its peak value emerges between 0.3<em>D</em> and 0.45<em>D</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001257/pdfft?md5=70e3fadc12b9eb543904528badc61fa7&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91955220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The physical and mechanical properties of recycled aggregates strengthened by enzyme induced carbonate precipitation 酶诱导碳酸盐沉淀强化再生骨料的物理力学性能
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101394
Yuru Chen , Angran Tian , Xinyu Luo , Yu Zhou , Qiang Tang , Satoru Kawasaki

Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) which applied to improve the quality of recycled aggregates (RA) is a novel technology in the field of civil engineering. The urease was extracted from soybean, and the factors including soybean powder concentration, temperature and pH value on urease activity were investigated. Then the EICP reaction kinetics was carried out to obtain the most suitable reaction environment. A spraying method instead of soaking method for modifying RA was proposed, and the physical and mechanical properties of RA were evaluated by water absorption, hardness, apparent density and crushing index. The results show that the optimum pH value of soybean urease is 8.0, the concentration of soybean power is 40 g/L, and the urease activity increases with temperature in the range of 10–50 °C. Spraying method was better than soaking method in water absorption reduction rate of RA with different particle sizes. When the concentration of the chemical solution is 0.5 mol/L, the improvement in the water absorption characteristics of the RA is most significant. And the modified RA have also undergone substantial improvements in terms of hardness and apparent density. On the 7-day of modification, the crushing index of the RA reaches the peak. Through microscopic observation, the pore volume of the modified RA is significantly reduced, and the content of CaCO3 is significantly increased, and the main crystalline form of CaCO3 are calcite and vaterite.

酶诱导碳酸盐沉淀(EICP)是一种用于提高再生骨料(RA)质量的新技术。以大豆为原料提取脲酶,考察了豆粉浓度、温度和pH值等因素对脲酶活性的影响。然后进行EICP反应动力学分析,得到最适宜的反应环境。提出了用喷涂法代替浸泡法对RA进行改性,并通过吸水性、硬度、表观密度和破碎指数对RA的物理力学性能进行了评价。结果表明,大豆脲酶的最适pH值为8.0,大豆粉浓度为40 g/L,脲酶活性在10 ~ 50℃范围内随温度升高而升高。不同粒径RA的吸水率均优于浸泡法。当化学溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L时,RA的吸水性能改善最为显著。改性后的RA在硬度和表观密度方面也有了很大的改善。改性后第7天,RA的破碎指数达到峰值。通过显微观察,改性后的RA孔隙体积明显减小,CaCO3含量明显增加,CaCO3的主要晶型为方解石和水晶石。
{"title":"The physical and mechanical properties of recycled aggregates strengthened by enzyme induced carbonate precipitation","authors":"Yuru Chen ,&nbsp;Angran Tian ,&nbsp;Xinyu Luo ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiang Tang ,&nbsp;Satoru Kawasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) which applied to improve the quality of recycled aggregates (RA) is a novel technology in the field of civil engineering. The urease was extracted from soybean, and the factors including soybean powder concentration, temperature and pH value on urease activity were investigated. Then the EICP reaction kinetics was carried out to obtain the most suitable reaction environment. A spraying method instead of soaking method for modifying RA was proposed, and the physical and mechanical properties of RA were evaluated by water absorption, hardness, apparent density and crushing index. The results show that the optimum pH value of soybean urease is 8.0, the concentration of soybean power is 40 g/L, and the urease activity increases with temperature in the range of 10–50 °C. Spraying method was better than soaking method in water absorption reduction rate of RA with different particle sizes. When the concentration of the chemical solution is 0.5 mol/L, the improvement in the water absorption characteristics of the RA is most significant. And the modified RA have also undergone substantial improvements in terms of hardness and apparent density. On the 7-day of modification, the crushing index of the RA reaches the peak. Through microscopic observation, the pore volume of the modified RA is significantly reduced, and the content of CaCO<sub>3</sub> is significantly increased, and the main crystalline form of CaCO<sub>3</sub> are calcite and vaterite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001233/pdfft?md5=cf3752167de85b97c91ae59ae9be38ab&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91955219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resistance responses and design recommendations for driven piles in coarse-grained soil-based intermediate geomaterials 粗粒土基中间岩土材料中打入桩的阻力响应及设计建议
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101381
Nafis Bin Masud , Kam W. Ng , Shaun S. Wulff

Piles driven in Intermediate GeoMaterials (IGM) pose multiple design and construction challenges because of the high uncertainty in IGM properties, lacking knowledge pertaining to pile responses in IGM, and absence of classification, static analysis (SA) methods, and design recommendations. A classification criterion is established for coarse grained soil based intermediate geomaterials (CG-IGM) using test pile data from bridge projects completed in four U.S. states. This study improves our understanding of pile resistance responses in CG-IGM and results in pile design recommendations. Unit shaft resistance (qs) of CG-IGM increases with the ratio of effective vertical stress (σv) to the ratio of corrected N-value, (N1)60. Unit end bearing (qb) increases with the ratio of. corrected N-value, (N1)60 to the effective vertical stress (σv). New SA methods are developed for predicting qs and qb. The proposed SA methods are compared against existing β-method developed for coarse grained soil and validated using an independent pile load test dataset. Pile setup is observed in qs of piles driven in CG-IGMs, and pile relaxation is mostly observed in qb. Statistical assessment concludes that the proposed SA methods provide more accurate and consistent qs and qb predictions than that by the β-method.

在中间岩土材料(IGM)中打桩,由于IGM特性的高度不确定性,缺乏与IGM中桩的响应相关的知识,以及缺乏分类、静力分析(SA)方法和设计建议,给设计和施工带来了多重挑战。利用美国四个州完成的桥梁项目的试桩数据,建立了粗粒土基中间岩土材料(CG-IGM)的分类标准。这项研究提高了我们对CG-IGM中桩阻力响应的理解,并提出了桩设计建议。随着有效竖向应力σv′与修正n值之比(N1)60的增大,CG-IGM的单位轴阻(qs)逐渐增大。机组端轴承(qb)随比增大而增大。修正后的n值,(N1)60为有效垂直应力(σv′)。提出了新的SA方法来预测qs和qb。将提出的SA方法与现有的用于粗粒土的β-方法进行了比较,并使用独立的桩荷载试验数据集进行了验证。在cg - igm灌注桩中,在qq中观察到桩的建立,在qb中观察到桩的松弛。统计评估表明,与β-方法相比,SA方法提供了更准确和一致的qs和qb预测。
{"title":"Resistance responses and design recommendations for driven piles in coarse-grained soil-based intermediate geomaterials","authors":"Nafis Bin Masud ,&nbsp;Kam W. Ng ,&nbsp;Shaun S. Wulff","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piles driven in Intermediate GeoMaterials (IGM) pose multiple design and construction challenges because of the high uncertainty in IGM properties, lacking knowledge pertaining to pile responses in IGM, and absence of classification, static analysis (SA) methods, and design recommendations. A classification criterion is established for coarse grained soil based intermediate geomaterials (CG-IGM) using test pile data from bridge projects completed in four U.S. states. This study improves our understanding of pile resistance responses in CG-IGM and results in pile design recommendations. Unit shaft resistance (<em>q<sub>s</sub></em>) of CG-IGM increases with the ratio of effective vertical stress (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) to the ratio of corrected N-value, <em>(N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub></em>. Unit end bearing (<em>q<sub>b</sub></em>) increases with the ratio of. corrected N-value, <em>(N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub></em> to the effective vertical stress (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>). New SA methods are developed for predicting <em>q<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>q<sub>b</sub></em>. The proposed SA methods are compared against existing <em>β</em>-method developed for coarse grained soil and validated using an independent pile load test dataset. Pile setup is observed in <em>q<sub>s</sub></em> of piles driven in CG-IGMs, and pile relaxation is mostly observed in <em>q<sub>b</sub></em>. Statistical assessment concludes that the proposed SA methods provide more accurate and consistent <em>q<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>q<sub>b</sub></em> predictions than that by the <em>β</em>-method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001105/pdfft?md5=45f4bc232a3c64158cec2c4c8e4a1573&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An analytical solution for the consolidation of a composite foundation reinforced by vertical drains and high replacement ratio gravel piles by considering the radial flow within gravel piles 考虑碎石桩内部径向流动的垂直排水-高置换比碎石桩复合地基固结解析解
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101393
Chuanxun Li, Xiangzong Lu, Peng Wang

To make up for the shortcomings of single-pile composite foundations, combined composite foundations are increasingly used in engineering. However, studies for the consolidation theory of composite foundations reinforced by high replacement ratio gravel piles and vertical drains, in which the radial flow within gravel piles is considered, have been rarely reported in the literature. The establishment of a comprehensive composite foundation consolidation model is of significance for more reasonable design for stone columns and vertical drains, such as penetration depth, replacement ratio, distribution pattern and so on. Therefore, to solve such consolidation issues, a gravel pile-soil unit with several vertical drains around the perimeter is regarded as a calculation model. Then, the related analytical solution to the total average express pore water pressure (EPWP) is derived by considering the radial flow within gravel piles, and the reliability is verified by comparison with existing solutions. Moreover, extensive calculations are made to investigate the consolidation behaviors, and the results show that vertical flow in soils has little effect on the consolidation of this composite foundation; the effect of radial flow within high replacement ratio gravel piles is nonnegligible; installing vertical drains between piles can enhance the consolidation rate. Finally, the model is applied to the settlement calculation of an embankment in Malaysia, and the results by proposed solutions are in good agreement with the measured data, further indicating the applicability of the calculated model.

为了弥补单桩复合地基的不足,工程上越来越多地采用组合复合地基。然而,考虑碎石桩内径向流动的高置换比碎石桩与竖向排水复合地基固结理论研究却鲜有文献报道。综合复合地基固结模型的建立,对于石柱和竖向排水的贯深、置换比、分布格局等设计更为合理具有重要意义。因此,为了解决这类固结问题,我们将周长有几个垂直排水管的砾石桩-土单元作为计算模型。在此基础上,推导了考虑碎石桩内部径向流动的总平均孔隙水压力(EPWP)的解析解,并与已有解进行了对比,验证了其可靠性。此外,对复合地基的固结行为进行了大量的计算研究,结果表明:竖向流动对复合地基的固结影响较小;高置换比碎石桩内径向流的影响不可忽视;在桩间设置垂直排水沟,可以提高固结率。最后,将该模型应用于马来西亚某路堤的沉降计算,计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,进一步证明了计算模型的适用性。
{"title":"An analytical solution for the consolidation of a composite foundation reinforced by vertical drains and high replacement ratio gravel piles by considering the radial flow within gravel piles","authors":"Chuanxun Li,&nbsp;Xiangzong Lu,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To make up for the shortcomings of single-pile composite foundations, combined composite foundations are increasingly used in engineering. However, studies for the consolidation theory of composite foundations reinforced by high replacement ratio gravel piles and vertical drains, in which the radial flow within gravel piles is considered, have been rarely reported in the literature. The establishment of a comprehensive composite foundation consolidation model is of significance for more reasonable design for stone columns and vertical drains, such as penetration depth, replacement ratio, distribution pattern and so on. Therefore, to solve such consolidation issues, a gravel pile-soil unit with several vertical drains around the perimeter is regarded as a calculation model. Then, the related analytical solution to the total average express pore water pressure (EPWP) is derived by considering the radial flow within gravel piles, and the reliability is verified by comparison with existing solutions. Moreover, extensive calculations are made to investigate the consolidation behaviors, and the results show that vertical flow in soils has little effect on the consolidation of this composite foundation; the effect of radial flow within high replacement ratio gravel piles is nonnegligible; installing vertical drains between piles can enhance the consolidation rate. Finally, the model is applied to the settlement calculation of an embankment in Malaysia, and the results by proposed solutions are in good agreement with the measured data, further indicating the applicability of the calculated model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001221/pdfft?md5=cf840305fee243de6d0ab409c57947ba&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001221-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of different axis-translation techniques using ceramic disks/microporous membrane filters on mechanical/hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soil 陶瓷盘/微孔膜过滤器不同轴向平移技术对非饱和土力学/水力特性的影响
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101382
Junnan Ma , Xi Xiong , Feng Zhang

Element tests, such as water retention tests and triaxial tests, are efficient and widely used methods for investigating the elementary hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soil. In recent research, discrepancies observed in unsaturated test results using axis-translation techniques (ATTs) with ceramic disks and microporous membrane filters (MM filters) have indicated that misunderstandings might be hiding behind the perceived elementary behavior seen in element tests. In this study, triaxial tests with ceramic disks and MM filters were firstly conducted on specimens of unsaturated completely decomposed granite sand, referred to as Masado in Japan, to compare the influence of different techniques on the test results. Then a soil–water-air coupled finite element-finite difference (FE-FD) method, based on a newly proposed unsaturated/saturated constitutive model coupled with a deformation-dependent water retention curve (WRC), was utilized to simulate triaxial tests as boundary value problems (BVPs) because of the non-uniform deformation of the specimens. Drained/vented triaxial tests showed that the stress–strain relation of Masado is basically the same regardless of the applied technique, while the amount of drainage discharge and degree of saturation during the shearing stage are quite different. The calculated average stress–strain relation basically reproduced a tendency similar to that of the tests. It was also shown from the calculation that the ATT with ceramic disks or MM filters significantly influences the distributions of saturation and stress within the specimens during shearing. It should be emphasized that unsaturated triaxial tests with the ATT are basically BVPs instead of so-called element tests.

水保持试验和三轴试验等单元试验是研究非饱和土基本水力学特性的有效且广泛使用的方法。在最近的研究中,使用陶瓷盘和微孔膜过滤器(MM过滤器)的轴平移技术(ats)观察到的不饱和测试结果的差异表明,误解可能隐藏在元素测试中看到的感知基本行为背后。本研究首先对日本Masado非饱和完全分解花岗岩砂试件进行了陶瓷盘和MM滤材的三轴试验,比较了不同技术对试验结果的影响。基于新提出的非饱和/饱和本构模型,结合变形相关的保水曲线(WRC),采用土-水-空气耦合有限元-有限差分(FE-FD)方法,将三轴试验作为边值问题(BVPs)进行模拟。泄放三轴试验表明,无论采用何种技术,Masado的应力-应变关系基本相同,而剪切阶段的泄放量和饱和程度则存在较大差异。计算得到的平均应力-应变关系与试验结果基本一致。计算还表明,在剪切过程中,带有陶瓷片或MM滤片的ATT对试件内的饱和度和应力分布有显著影响。应该强调的是,非饱和三轴试验与ATT基本上是bvp,而不是所谓的元素试验。
{"title":"Influence of different axis-translation techniques using ceramic disks/microporous membrane filters on mechanical/hydraulic behavior of unsaturated soil","authors":"Junnan Ma ,&nbsp;Xi Xiong ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Element tests, such as water retention tests and triaxial tests, are efficient and widely used methods for investigating the elementary hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soil. In recent research, discrepancies observed in unsaturated test results using axis-translation techniques (ATTs) with ceramic disks and microporous membrane filters (MM filters) have indicated that misunderstandings might be hiding behind the perceived elementary behavior seen in element tests. In this study, triaxial tests with ceramic disks and MM filters were firstly conducted on specimens of unsaturated completely decomposed granite sand, referred to as Masado in Japan, to compare the influence of different techniques on the test results. Then a soil–water-air coupled finite element-finite difference (FE-FD) method, based on a newly proposed unsaturated/saturated constitutive model coupled with a deformation-dependent water retention curve (WRC), was utilized to simulate triaxial tests as boundary value problems (BVPs) because of the non-uniform deformation of the specimens. Drained/vented triaxial tests showed that the stress–strain relation of Masado is basically the same regardless of the applied technique, while the amount of drainage discharge and degree of saturation during the shearing stage are quite different. The calculated average stress–strain relation basically reproduced a tendency similar to that of the tests. It was also shown from the calculation that the ATT with ceramic disks or MM filters significantly influences the distributions of saturation and stress within the specimens during shearing. It should be emphasized that unsaturated triaxial tests with the ATT are basically BVPs instead of so-called element tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001117/pdfft?md5=25546e8a8f49d1195fa57deb7097f932&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91955218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantification of the contribution ratio of relevant input parameters on DEM-based granular flow simulations 基于dem的颗粒流模拟中相关输入参数的贡献率量化
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101378
Junsen Xiao , Kenta Tozato , Shuji Moriguchi , Yu Otake , Kenjiro Terada

Granular flow is affected by multiple parameters, which makes its study challenging. The discrete element method (DEM) is widely employed to simulate granular flow in consideration of particle motion, particularly when the effects of related parameters and particle shape on flow characteristics are being studied. In this study, different combinations of four input parameters (spring coefficient, friction angle between elements, coefficient of restitution, and bottom friction) were first obtained with the help of the Latin hypercube sampling method. Then, a series of simulations were performed using DEM with different sets of input parameters in consideration of different particle shapes and contact models. Radial basis function (RBF) interpolation was then employed to construct a response surface of run-out distance. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to obtain the contribution ratio of each input parameter. The result revealed that the bottom friction has a significant influence on the run-out distance, while friction angle between elements and spring coefficient account for a small proportion in the contribution ratio. Moreover, it was confirmed that the coefficient of restitution has a considerable contribution ratio in the front part of elements. The results also revealed that the influence of the particle shape and contact model on the contribution ratio was not as important in comparison.

颗粒流动受到多种参数的影响,这给颗粒流动的研究带来了挑战。离散元法(DEM)被广泛用于考虑颗粒运动的颗粒流模拟,特别是在研究相关参数和颗粒形状对流动特性的影响时。本研究首次采用拉丁超立方体采样方法,获得了弹簧系数、单元间摩擦角、恢复系数和底部摩擦这四个输入参数的不同组合。然后,考虑不同的颗粒形状和接触模型,使用不同输入参数的DEM进行了一系列模拟。然后利用径向基函数(RBF)插值构造跳动距离响应面。并进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,得到了各输入参数的贡献率。结果表明,底部摩擦对跳动距离有显著影响,而元件间摩擦角和弹簧系数在贡献率中所占比例较小。此外,还证实了恢复系数在元件前部有相当大的贡献率。结果还表明,颗粒形状和接触模型对贡献率的影响相对较小。
{"title":"Quantification of the contribution ratio of relevant input parameters on DEM-based granular flow simulations","authors":"Junsen Xiao ,&nbsp;Kenta Tozato ,&nbsp;Shuji Moriguchi ,&nbsp;Yu Otake ,&nbsp;Kenjiro Terada","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Granular flow is affected by multiple parameters, which makes its study challenging. The discrete element method (DEM) is widely employed to simulate granular flow in consideration of particle motion, particularly when the effects of related parameters and particle shape on flow characteristics are being studied. In this study, different combinations of four input parameters (spring coefficient, friction angle between elements, coefficient of restitution, and bottom friction) were first obtained with the help of the Latin hypercube sampling method. Then, a series of simulations were performed using DEM with different sets of input parameters in consideration of different particle shapes and contact models. Radial basis function (RBF) interpolation was then employed to construct a response surface of run-out distance. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to obtain the contribution ratio of each input parameter. The result revealed that the bottom friction has a significant influence on the run-out distance, while friction angle between elements and spring coefficient account for a small proportion in the contribution ratio. Moreover, it was confirmed that the coefficient of restitution has a considerable contribution ratio in the front part of elements. The results also revealed that the influence of the particle shape and contact model on the contribution ratio was not as important in comparison.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001075/pdfft?md5=c6aa7ad86622fac99b1d044f693046d3&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92129408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improved support point selection on adaptive kriging metamodels for reliability analysis of soil slopes 基于自适应kriging元模型的边坡可靠度分析支撑点选择改进
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101380
C. Arévalo , R.O. Ruiz , Y. Alberto

The paper presents an iterative approach based on stochastic simulations and adaptive Kriging metamodels to perform reliability and safety assessments of soil slopes. Two new rules for adaptively selecting support points are proposed, considering an entropy learning function and the closeness to the failure domain defined by a limit state function. In addition, a stopping criterion is proposed based on root-mean-square and mean absolute percentage errors computed with cross-validation at the local level, focusing on regions where the uncertainties are relevant. Finally, the selection rules for support points and the error metrics are implemented in two benchmark problems with a low, moderate, and high probability of failure. Ultimately, the work leads to an adaptive Kriging strategy for slope stability assessment, offering: (1) a fair comparison with other strategies based on a significant number of realizations, (2) a stopping criteria based on a new local error metric, (3) an insight of the behavior across different magnitudes of the probability of failure, and (4) a new selection rule that reduces the total number of support points significantly. The proposed scheme is easily paired with commercial software to compute support points, resulting in an attractive tool for practitioners.

本文提出了一种基于随机模拟和自适应Kriging元模型的迭代方法来进行土质边坡的可靠性和安全性评估。考虑了熵学习函数和极限状态函数定义的故障域的接近度,提出了两种自适应选择支撑点的规则。此外,提出了一种基于局部交叉验证计算的均方根和平均绝对百分比误差的停止准则,重点关注不确定性相关的区域。最后,在低、中、高故障概率的两个基准问题中实现了支撑点的选择规则和误差度量。最终,这项工作产生了一种用于边坡稳定性评估的自适应Kriging策略,提供:(1)基于大量实现的与其他策略的公平比较,(2)基于新的局部误差度量的停止标准,(3)对不同程度的破坏概率的行为的洞察,以及(4)一个新的选择规则,显着减少支点总数。该方案很容易与商业软件配对来计算支撑点,对从业者来说是一个有吸引力的工具。
{"title":"Improved support point selection on adaptive kriging metamodels for reliability analysis of soil slopes","authors":"C. Arévalo ,&nbsp;R.O. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Y. Alberto","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents an iterative approach based on stochastic simulations and adaptive Kriging metamodels to perform reliability and safety assessments of soil slopes. Two new rules for adaptively selecting support points are proposed, considering an entropy learning function and the closeness to the failure domain defined by a limit state function. In addition, a stopping criterion is proposed based on root-mean-square and mean absolute percentage errors computed with cross-validation at the local level, focusing on regions where the uncertainties are relevant. Finally, the selection rules for support points and the error metrics are implemented in two benchmark problems with a low, moderate, and high probability of failure. Ultimately, the work leads to an adaptive Kriging strategy for slope stability assessment, offering: (1) a fair comparison with other strategies based on a significant number of realizations, (2) a stopping criteria based on a new local error metric, (3) an insight of the behavior across different magnitudes of the probability of failure, and (4) a new selection rule that reduces the total number of support points significantly. The proposed scheme is easily paired with commercial software to compute support points, resulting in an attractive tool for practitioners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001099/pdfft?md5=f507cedb6a5603ab3018124094b48421&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of tree-based methods in predicting the surface settlement arising from the tunnel excavation with large mix-shield 基于树的方法在大型混合盾构隧道开挖地表沉降预测中的应用
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101379
Chongwei Huang , Haohe Du , Lin Li , Jing Ni , Yu Sun

Surface settlement due to tunnel excavation is affected by several factors. However, no explicit mapping correlation exists between surface settlement and the main influencing factors. In this study, three tree-based methodologies, including classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBRT), were implemented to predict the tunneling-induced surface settlement of the South Hong-Mei Road tunnel in Shanghai, where a large mix-shield was used. Thirteen influencing factors within three categories (tunnel geometry, geological conditions, and shield operation factors) were employed as input variables. Results show that the ensemble methods (RF and GBDT) provide superior performance over the single-tree model (CART). Moreover, GBDT has the highest level of prediction accuracy among the three statistical learning methods. The importance of influencing factors on the tunneling-induced surface settlement was probed. The tunnel geometry had the greatest effect on surface settlement. It is followed by the influencing factors in shield operation factors. Moreover, geological conditions were not as influential as the other influencing factors. The outcomes of this study may provide a reference for evaluating tunneling-induced surface settlement in other similar tunnel projects.

隧道开挖引起的地表沉降受多种因素的影响。地表沉降与主要影响因素之间不存在显着的映射相关性。采用分类回归树(CART)、随机森林(RF)和梯度增强决策树(GBRT) 3种基于树的方法,对上海红梅南路隧道掘进引起的地表沉降进行了预测。将隧道几何形状、地质条件和盾构运行因素三大类13个影响因素作为输入变量。结果表明,集成方法(RF和GBDT)比单树模型(CART)具有更好的性能。此外,在三种统计学习方法中,GBDT的预测准确率最高。探讨了影响隧道地表沉降因素的重要性。隧道几何形状对地表沉降影响最大。其次是盾构运行因素中的影响因素。此外,地质条件的影响不如其他因素。研究结果可为其他类似隧道工程中评价隧道引起的地表沉降提供参考。
{"title":"Application of tree-based methods in predicting the surface settlement arising from the tunnel excavation with large mix-shield","authors":"Chongwei Huang ,&nbsp;Haohe Du ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Ni ,&nbsp;Yu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface settlement due to tunnel excavation is affected by several factors. However, no explicit mapping correlation exists between surface settlement and the main influencing factors. In this study, three tree-based methodologies, including classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBRT), were implemented to predict the tunneling-induced surface settlement of the South Hong-Mei Road tunnel in Shanghai, where a large mix-shield was used. Thirteen influencing factors within three categories (tunnel geometry, geological conditions, and shield operation factors) were employed as input variables. Results show that the ensemble methods (RF and GBDT) provide superior performance over the single-tree model (CART). Moreover, GBDT has the highest level of prediction accuracy among the three statistical learning methods. The importance of influencing factors on the tunneling-induced surface settlement was probed. The tunnel geometry had the greatest effect on surface settlement. It is followed by the influencing factors in shield operation factors. Moreover, geological conditions were not as influential as the other influencing factors. The outcomes of this study may provide a reference for evaluating tunneling-induced surface settlement in other similar tunnel projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080623001087/pdfft?md5=34ea0f1dce2402b9cae6dcd024c77abd&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080623001087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92016245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinematic and inertial effects on piled rafts in soft ground supporting isolated and non-isolated buildings observed during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake 2011年日本东北地震中隔震和非隔震建筑软土地基桩筏的运动学和惯性效应
IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101372
Kiyoshi Yamashita, Junji Hamada

Based on previous studies on the seismic monitoring of isolated (IS) and non-isolated (NI) buildings supported by piled rafts with a DMW (deep mixing wall) grid, under similar soft-soil conditions during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the effects of kinematic and inertial forces on the piled rafts, for which the natural periods of the superstructures were significantly different, were investigated. To evaluate the degree of contribution of the kinematic and inertial forces on the maximum bending moments and incremental axial forces near the pile heads, the coefficients related to the kinematic and inertial forces were presented. The coefficients of inertial force were separated into those of the superstructure and raft inertias to consider the embedment effects. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the inelastic behavior of the settlement and the load transfer in the piled raft systems, observed during the principal motion, were discussed. Consequently, it was found that the ratio of the natural period of the soil-pile-structure system to the predominant period of the ground, Ts/Tg, plays an important role in the contribution of the kinematic and inertial forces to the maximum bending moments near the pile head. Moreover, the Ts/Tg values were seen to be closely related to the differences in the inelastic settlement and load transfer mechanisms of the piled raft systems.

基于先前对DMW(深层混合墙)网格桩筏支撑的隔震(IS)和非隔震(NI)建筑的地震监测研究,在2011年东北地震期间类似的软土条件下,研究了上部结构的自然周期显著不同的运动力和惯性力对桩筏的影响。为了评估运动学和惯性力对桩头附近最大弯矩和增量轴向力的贡献程度,给出了与运动学和惯性作用力相关的系数。惯性力系数分为上部结构惯性力系数和筏板惯性力系数,以考虑嵌入效应。此外,还讨论了在主运动过程中观察到的桩筏系统中沉降和荷载传递的非弹性行为的机制。因此,研究发现,土-桩结构体系的固有周期与地基的主周期之比Ts/Tg在运动力和惯性力对桩头附近最大弯矩的贡献中起着重要作用。此外,Ts/Tg值与桩筏系统的非弹性沉降和荷载传递机制的差异密切相关。
{"title":"Kinematic and inertial effects on piled rafts in soft ground supporting isolated and non-isolated buildings observed during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake","authors":"Kiyoshi Yamashita,&nbsp;Junji Hamada","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on previous studies on the seismic monitoring of isolated (IS) and non-isolated (NI) buildings supported by piled rafts with a DMW (deep mixing wall) grid, under similar soft-soil conditions during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the effects of kinematic and inertial forces on the piled rafts, for which the natural periods of the superstructures were significantly different, were investigated. To evaluate the degree of contribution of the kinematic and inertial forces on the maximum bending moments and incremental axial forces near the pile heads, the coefficients related to the kinematic and inertial forces were presented. The coefficients of inertial force were separated into those of the superstructure and raft inertias to consider the embedment effects. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the inelastic behavior of the settlement and the load transfer in the piled raft systems, observed during the principal motion, were discussed. Consequently, it was found that the ratio of the natural period of the soil-pile-structure system to the predominant period of the ground, <em>T</em><sub>s</sub>/<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>, plays an important role in the contribution of the kinematic and inertial forces to the maximum bending moments near the pile head. Moreover, the <em>T</em><sub>s</sub>/<em>T</em><sub>g</sub> values were seen to be closely related to the differences in the inelastic settlement and load transfer mechanisms of the piled raft systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Soils and Foundations
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1