Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26692/sujo/2021.03.05
Zulfiqar Laghari, A. Samo, N. M. Baig, F. Baloch, Meghwar Sujo
COVID-19 emerged from the seafood market of Wuhan, spread in many countries, including Pakistan within three months. This led many countries including, to take strict precautionary measures including strict lockdowns, to control the spread of COVID-19. Pakistan is currently facing a pandemic and economic crisis together. Spreading the awareness to the people in Pakistan is a huge challenge, owing to lower literacy rate, increasing poverty, lack of health care facilities, socio-demographic factors and disinformation pose a challenge to control COVID-19 in this region of the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness and knowledge in general the public using an online survey.Methodology: The questionnaire was designed relying on available knowledge on COVID-19. The link of the questionnaire was sent to various participants using emails and social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Total 653 participants filled the online questionnaire and gave responses to all fields required in the questionnaire.Socio-demographic distribution of the participants indicated a higher number of participants were male in gender category, those who were unmarried, living in urban areas, having higher degrees and lower economic status were higher in numbers.
{"title":"Knowledge, awareness and perception towards COVID-19 during early outbreak: a cross-sectional study from southern Pakistan","authors":"Zulfiqar Laghari, A. Samo, N. M. Baig, F. Baloch, Meghwar Sujo","doi":"10.26692/sujo/2021.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/sujo/2021.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 emerged from the seafood market of Wuhan, spread in many countries, including Pakistan within three months. This led many countries including, to take strict precautionary measures including strict lockdowns, to control the spread of COVID-19. Pakistan is currently facing a pandemic and economic crisis together. Spreading the awareness to the people in Pakistan is a huge challenge, owing to lower literacy rate, increasing poverty, lack of health care facilities, socio-demographic factors and disinformation pose a challenge to control COVID-19 in this region of the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness and knowledge in general the public using an online survey.Methodology: The questionnaire was designed relying on available knowledge on COVID-19. The link of the questionnaire was sent to various participants using emails and social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Total 653 participants filled the online questionnaire and gave responses to all fields required in the questionnaire.Socio-demographic distribution of the participants indicated a higher number of participants were male in gender category, those who were unmarried, living in urban areas, having higher degrees and lower economic status were higher in numbers.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85909401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the age of globally connected world, media platform and public networksare vital source of enormous data. This data can be very important to gain knowledge from it, which could be advantageous for decision making and future predictions. Facebook is a well-known public network website with millions of active users and millions of posts per day. Government officials of various departments use this as a platform to update people regarding their initiatives. In this paper, the public network data of the police departments of the four provinces of Pakistan is analyzed through data mining, and the services provided by the selected departments are highlighted. The result of this research highlights the major contribution of the police department of Pakistan in terms of good governance. Along with, the common issues which are faced at the various provinces of Pakistan are also highlighted. The findings are verified using valid sources. The results reflect that for studied four provinces of Pakistan, the keywords arrest, accuse and investigation of kidnappers, arm dealers, drug dealers, murderers, robberies and other street crimes are prominent. However, the prominent findings of each province are discussed in results.
{"title":"Analysis of Facebook contents of Police Department of Pakistan in the context of Good Governance","authors":"S. Nizamani, K. Khoumbati, I. A. Ismaili","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of globally connected world, media platform and public networksare vital source of enormous data. This data can be very important to gain knowledge from it, which could be advantageous for decision making and future predictions. Facebook is a well-known public network website with millions of active users and millions of posts per day. Government officials of various departments use this as a platform to update people regarding their initiatives. In this paper, the public network data of the police departments of the four provinces of Pakistan is analyzed through data mining, and the services provided by the selected departments are highlighted. The result of this research highlights the major contribution of the police department of Pakistan in terms of good governance. Along with, the common issues which are faced at the various provinces of Pakistan are also highlighted. The findings are verified using valid sources. The results reflect that for studied four provinces of Pakistan, the keywords arrest, accuse and investigation of kidnappers, arm dealers, drug dealers, murderers, robberies and other street crimes are prominent. However, the prominent findings of each province are discussed in results.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.07
B. H. Jakhrejo, A. M. Ahmed, B. A. Bughio, A. M. Rahoo, S. Rajput, A. Zachi, A. Alhilfi, S. Ansari, D. M. Soomro
The present study has been carried out to record the performance of different pesticides against Helicoverpa armigera which is to be considered as one of the most destructive insect pests of chickpea. The field experiment was conducted at Pulse Section, ARI, Tandojam during the Rabi season 2017-18. Four different pesticides i.e. Emamectin benzoate 2.1EC, Indoxacarb 16.5EC, Flubendiamide 39.4SC and Emamectin benzoate + Lufenuron 2.7SC were applied. The results showed that after application of variable sprays, a significant reduction in pest population was observed at different intervals in field condition. The overall reduction percentage in pest population was the highest when Emamectin benzoate sprayed 2.1EC (63.92% at 24hrs, 62.03% at 48hrs, 60.00% at 72hrs and 58.90% at 1week) followed by Indox a carb. However, when Emamectin benzoate was added with Lufenuron 2.7SC, the results were not satisfactory. In, addition, Flubendiamide 39.4SC was also effective against pest but slow in action. Similarly, in laboratory bioassay, the best LT50 (17.72 hrs) and LT90 (51.25 hrs) were also observed at Proclaim at 50 ppm which further confirmed that this pesticide need short time to kill 50-90% targeted pest population. Therefore, Emamectin benzoate is highly suggested against H. armigera to reduce its population below economic threshold level.
{"title":"Compatibility of Novel Chemical Compounds Against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Field and Laboratory Condition","authors":"B. H. Jakhrejo, A. M. Ahmed, B. A. Bughio, A. M. Rahoo, S. Rajput, A. Zachi, A. Alhilfi, S. Ansari, D. M. Soomro","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has been carried out to record the performance of different pesticides against Helicoverpa armigera which is to be considered as one of the most destructive insect pests of chickpea. The field experiment was conducted at Pulse Section, ARI, Tandojam during the Rabi season 2017-18. Four different pesticides i.e. Emamectin benzoate 2.1EC, Indoxacarb 16.5EC, Flubendiamide 39.4SC and Emamectin benzoate + Lufenuron 2.7SC were applied. The results showed that after application of variable sprays, a significant reduction in pest population was observed at different intervals in field condition. The overall reduction percentage in pest population was the highest when Emamectin benzoate sprayed 2.1EC (63.92% at 24hrs, 62.03% at 48hrs, 60.00% at 72hrs and 58.90% at 1week) followed by Indox a carb. However, when Emamectin benzoate was added with Lufenuron 2.7SC, the results were not satisfactory. In, addition, Flubendiamide 39.4SC was also effective against pest but slow in action. Similarly, in laboratory bioassay, the best LT50 (17.72 hrs) and LT90 (51.25 hrs) were also observed at Proclaim at 50 ppm which further confirmed that this pesticide need short time to kill 50-90% targeted pest population. Therefore, Emamectin benzoate is highly suggested against H. armigera to reduce its population below economic threshold level.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85359778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.03
Z. Bakht, N. T. Narejo, H. Kalhoro, M. H. Chandio, P. Khan, G. Dastagir
Present investigation was performed on some aspects of reproductive biology of Cyprinus carpio. 190 specimen’s (33.02 - 48.82 cm and 486.6 - 1947g) were collected from River Indus, Jamshoro during months of January to May 2016 and dissected. The condition of the gonad and sex of each fish was enumerated, the dissected gonads were weighed by using digital balance. It was observed from results of ova diameter measurement that all ova were found to be spherical and uniform in diameter, this indicated that the eggs were released in a single batch during the peak period of spawning (February). Values of Gonadosomatic Index was observed highest (2.97 and 5.27) in male and female respectively in the month of February. Monthly ova diameter measurement showed progressive increase from January to March (1.12 mm) peak in February. The fecundity was estimated from 10 mature fish highest was 390600 eggs 48.8 cm and 1947g at gonad weight of 510 g and lowest was 18280 from a length 33.0 cm and 486.6 g in weight and gonad weight of 53.1 g were recorded and possessing strong relationship with gonad weight. Equation of Length-weight analysis showed ideal growth very near to (3) in all cases and coefficient of condition (Kn) indicated that all samples of both sexes Cyprinus carpio found with satisfactory growth from Indus River, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. It was concluded that Cyprinus carpio breeds once in year with peak in February. As indicated form both GSI and ova diameters. The fecundity bears linear relationship with body weight in case of Cyprinus carpio from Indus River, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
{"title":"Studies on the Gonadosomatic Index and fecundity of Cyprinus carpio from Indus River near Jamshoro. Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Z. Bakht, N. T. Narejo, H. Kalhoro, M. H. Chandio, P. Khan, G. Dastagir","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Present investigation was performed on some aspects of reproductive biology of Cyprinus carpio. 190 specimen’s (33.02 - 48.82 cm and 486.6 - 1947g) were collected from River Indus, Jamshoro during months of January to May 2016 and dissected. The condition of the gonad and sex of each fish was enumerated, the dissected gonads were weighed by using digital balance. It was observed from results of ova diameter measurement that all ova were found to be spherical and uniform in diameter, this indicated that the eggs were released in a single batch during the peak period of spawning (February). Values of Gonadosomatic Index was observed highest (2.97 and 5.27) in male and female respectively in the month of February. Monthly ova diameter measurement showed progressive increase from January to March (1.12 mm) peak in February. The fecundity was estimated from 10 mature fish highest was 390600 eggs 48.8 cm and 1947g at gonad weight of 510 g and lowest was 18280 from a length 33.0 cm and 486.6 g in weight and gonad weight of 53.1 g were recorded and possessing strong relationship with gonad weight. Equation of Length-weight analysis showed ideal growth very near to (3) in all cases and coefficient of condition (Kn) indicated that all samples of both sexes Cyprinus carpio found with satisfactory growth from Indus River, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. It was concluded that Cyprinus carpio breeds once in year with peak in February. As indicated form both GSI and ova diameters. The fecundity bears linear relationship with body weight in case of Cyprinus carpio from Indus River, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87340620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.05
M. W. Khan, G. Abbas
The Indus River Delta is ranked the fifth largest in the world, and is located at the periphery of the Indus River determining 563 km of the entire coast of Sindh. This delta plays animportant role in enhancing the economic, environmental and ecological welfare of the people in this region. This delta constitutes seventeen main creeks. It forms a remarkably uniform landform with large extensive mud flats being intervened by narrow creeks, which are remains of old Indus tributaries.The ecosystem of Indus Delta is characterized by having rich nutrients which offer a nursery as well as an early feeding ground for many varieties of shrimps and fish as well. This study provides the baseline information about temperature, salinity, and bathymetry in different creeks of the Indus delta. Out of 17 creeks, 13 creeks were studied during the survey period. In the study area, the temperature ranged from 14.5 oC- 31.1 oC in a year. The temperature difference is nearly constant in mid-May toward mid-September (29.60 oC -31.10 oC), except in the Chani Creek area, where it remained as 28 oC- 29.4 oC.During mid-September to November (Post Monsoon), the temperature was slightly lower than monsoon (23.2 oC to 29.4 oC). There is little effect of seasonal shift at the western creeks, Issaro, Waddi Khuddi, Patiani, Mal, Dabbo, Richhal, Chann, Chani, and Hajamro as compared to eastern Creeks and Jhang River. During Monsoon, the highest salinity values (32.9 to 36.9 psu) have been recorded at Issaro and Waddi Khuddi Creeks. The sea temperature and salinity have greatly affected the otholith formation in fish species.
{"title":"Evaluation of Temperature, Salinity and Bathymetry in the Indus Delta Creek System","authors":"M. W. Khan, G. Abbas","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Indus River Delta is ranked the fifth largest in the world, and is located at the periphery of the Indus River determining 563 km of the entire coast of Sindh. This delta plays animportant role in enhancing the economic, environmental and ecological welfare of the people in this region. This delta constitutes seventeen main creeks. It forms a remarkably uniform landform with large extensive mud flats being intervened by narrow creeks, which are remains of old Indus tributaries.The ecosystem of Indus Delta is characterized by having rich nutrients which offer a nursery as well as an early feeding ground for many varieties of shrimps and fish as well. This study provides the baseline information about temperature, salinity, and bathymetry in different creeks of the Indus delta. Out of 17 creeks, 13 creeks were studied during the survey period. In the study area, the temperature ranged from 14.5 oC- 31.1 oC in a year. The temperature difference is nearly constant in mid-May toward mid-September (29.60 oC -31.10 oC), except in the Chani Creek area, where it remained as 28 oC- 29.4 oC.During mid-September to November (Post Monsoon), the temperature was slightly lower than monsoon (23.2 oC to 29.4 oC). There is little effect of seasonal shift at the western creeks, Issaro, Waddi Khuddi, Patiani, Mal, Dabbo, Richhal, Chann, Chani, and Hajamro as compared to eastern Creeks and Jhang River. During Monsoon, the highest salinity values (32.9 to 36.9 psu) have been recorded at Issaro and Waddi Khuddi Creeks. The sea temperature and salinity have greatly affected the otholith formation in fish species.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82027614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.14
P. Khuwaja, Sunder Ali Khowaja, Bisharat Rasool Memon, M. Memon, G. Laghari, K. Dehri
The classification of flowers is a challenging task due to the wide variety of flowers along with inter- and intra- variations amongst the flower categories. Furthermore, the information such as the grass and leaves does not help in providing context to the recognition system. Researchers have extensively used deep learning frameworks for improving the classification accuracy but there is still room for improvement in terms of the recognition performance. In this paper, we use the transfer learning aspect to fine-tune the existing pre-trained networks which provide us an edge for the improved classification accuracy. We then apply various decision-level fusion strategies to combine the class probabilities from the individual pre-trained networks for further boost in recognition performance. Our method has been validated on two well-known flower datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance i.e. 99.80 % and 98.70 % on Oxford-17 and Oxford-102 datasets, respectively, which is better than the state-of-the-art methods.
{"title":"Automated Flower Classification using Transfer Learning and Meta-Learners in Deep Learning Framework","authors":"P. Khuwaja, Sunder Ali Khowaja, Bisharat Rasool Memon, M. Memon, G. Laghari, K. Dehri","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.14","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of flowers is a challenging task due to the wide variety of flowers along with inter- and intra- variations amongst the flower categories. Furthermore, the information such as the grass and leaves does not help in providing context to the recognition system. Researchers have extensively used deep learning frameworks for improving the classification accuracy but there is still room for improvement in terms of the recognition performance. In this paper, we use the transfer learning aspect to fine-tune the existing pre-trained networks which provide us an edge for the improved classification accuracy. We then apply various decision-level fusion strategies to combine the class probabilities from the individual pre-trained networks for further boost in recognition performance. Our method has been validated on two well-known flower datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance i.e. 99.80 % and 98.70 % on Oxford-17 and Oxford-102 datasets, respectively, which is better than the state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.11
U. Ahmed, S. Afridi, S. Sanaullah, M. Anjum, A. A. Jamali
This paper proposes improved design techniques for microwave filters to aid spurious performances of an monolithic ceramic waveguide resonator filter, with low insertion loss and good quality factor.The improved spurious performance of a filter is due to introduction of ridge in first and last resonator. The proposed filter design provide good miniaturization and with improved spurious performance up to 30%. Simulated result of the filteris in a good agreement with the theoretical concept which further confirms the validity and accuracy of designs without compromising the merits like Quality factor, return losses etc.
{"title":"Ultra-Improved Stop band Rejection of an Ceramic Filter Using Ridge Resonators","authors":"U. Ahmed, S. Afridi, S. Sanaullah, M. Anjum, A. A. Jamali","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes improved design techniques for microwave filters to aid spurious performances of an monolithic ceramic waveguide resonator filter, with low insertion loss and good quality factor.The improved spurious performance of a filter is due to introduction of ridge in first and last resonator. The proposed filter design provide good miniaturization and with improved spurious performance up to 30%. Simulated result of the filteris in a good agreement with the theoretical concept which further confirms the validity and accuracy of designs without compromising the merits like Quality factor, return losses etc.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79473456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.15
Soniha Aslam, Shahzaman Khan, Yasmeen Iqbal, S. Hussain
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among middle school children of Hyderabad District. We undertook a comprehensive cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of obesity among middle school children. A total of 600 students from public and private schools were enrolled for the study (300 female students and 300 male students). Out of 300 female students, 150 students belongs to public and remaining150 to private schools. Likewise out of 300 male students, 150 students belong to public and 150 belong to private schools. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity. BMI for age was computed by measuring height and weight of each student. The result shows that the mean age of female students was 12.40 years and means height was 57.94 inches. While their male counterparts had a mean age of 13.19 years and mean height was 60.50 inches. The prevalence of obesity among female students was 9.3% and 17.34% in public and private schools respectively and combined obesity was 13.3% similarly the prevalence of obesity among male students was 18.7%, 17.3% and 18.0% in public, private schools and combined total respectively. The high prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren seems to be due to the sedentary life style, lack of recommended physical activity on daily basis as well as consumption large amount of calories in the form of junk food or fast food. High-tech devices like mobile, cordless phones and remote controls also contribute to couch culture and prevent children of necessary walk. Furthermore, it was also observed that people are less aware of health, and psychological issues of child obesity.
{"title":"Frequency of overweight and obesity among Middle School Children A case study of District Hyderabad Pakistan","authors":"Soniha Aslam, Shahzaman Khan, Yasmeen Iqbal, S. Hussain","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among middle school children of Hyderabad District. We undertook a comprehensive cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of obesity among middle school children. A total of 600 students from public and private schools were enrolled for the study (300 female students and 300 male students). Out of 300 female students, 150 students belongs to public and remaining150 to private schools. Likewise out of 300 male students, 150 students belong to public and 150 belong to private schools. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity. BMI for age was computed by measuring height and weight of each student. The result shows that the mean age of female students was 12.40 years and means height was 57.94 inches. While their male counterparts had a mean age of 13.19 years and mean height was 60.50 inches. The prevalence of obesity among female students was 9.3% and 17.34% in public and private schools respectively and combined obesity was 13.3% similarly the prevalence of obesity among male students was 18.7%, 17.3% and 18.0% in public, private schools and combined total respectively. The high prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren seems to be due to the sedentary life style, lack of recommended physical activity on daily basis as well as consumption large amount of calories in the form of junk food or fast food. High-tech devices like mobile, cordless phones and remote controls also contribute to couch culture and prevent children of necessary walk. Furthermore, it was also observed that people are less aware of health, and psychological issues of child obesity.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76550359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.10
G. R. Lakho, B. Naqvi, A. M. Mangrio, S. Mangrio, M. U. Dahot, F. Korejo
Wild plants are creation of nature which are source of food, fuel,shelter,fibers,gum,andherbal medicine. Present study was carried out to investigate the biochemicals and phytochemicals of wild and micropropagated Rhazya stricta plant. The present investigation was aimed to promote the benefits of wild plants. For this purpose, in-vitro micropropagation of Rhazya stricta (family Apocynaceae) was successfully achieved. 20% extract was prepared in acetone, ethanol and water solvents from stem, root, fruit and leaf of Rhazya stricta(collected from Jamshoro district) and root, stem and leaves from micropropagated plant which were investigated to analyze the phytochemical and biochemicals. Result showed that highest anti-oxidants were observed from acetone extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 13.60mg/ml, flavonoids form ethanol extract of fruit as 1.98mg/ml, total phenolics from ethanol extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 0.84mg/ml, tannin from acetone extract of stem(in-vitro) as 0.61mg/ml, reducing power from ethanol extract of stem (in-vitro) as 1.82mg/ml, protein from acetone extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 9.91mg/ml, total sugar from acetone extract of leaves (in-vitro) as 8.00mg/ml and reducing sugar from ethanol extract of leaves(in-vitro) as 0.99mg/ml were found from under investigation plants.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Phytochemical and Biochemicals of Micropropagated and Wild Rhazya stricta Decne","authors":"G. R. Lakho, B. Naqvi, A. M. Mangrio, S. Mangrio, M. U. Dahot, F. Korejo","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"Wild plants are creation of nature which are source of food, fuel,shelter,fibers,gum,andherbal medicine. Present study was carried out to investigate the biochemicals and phytochemicals of wild and micropropagated Rhazya stricta plant. The present investigation was aimed to promote the benefits of wild plants. For this purpose, in-vitro micropropagation of Rhazya stricta (family Apocynaceae) was successfully achieved. 20% extract was prepared in acetone, ethanol and water solvents from stem, root, fruit and leaf of Rhazya stricta(collected from Jamshoro district) and root, stem and leaves from micropropagated plant which were investigated to analyze the phytochemical and biochemicals. Result showed that highest anti-oxidants were observed from acetone extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 13.60mg/ml, flavonoids form ethanol extract of fruit as 1.98mg/ml, total phenolics from ethanol extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 0.84mg/ml, tannin from acetone extract of stem(in-vitro) as 0.61mg/ml, reducing power from ethanol extract of stem (in-vitro) as 1.82mg/ml, protein from acetone extract of leaves (in-vivo) as 9.91mg/ml, total sugar from acetone extract of leaves (in-vitro) as 8.00mg/ml and reducing sugar from ethanol extract of leaves(in-vitro) as 0.99mg/ml were found from under investigation plants.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84062506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.04
M. H. Agheem, A. H. Markhand, H. Dars, H. Solangi, A. G. Sahito, G. Thebo
The petrographic and geochemical studies are carried out in order to understand the mineralogical, geochemical, source and economic potential of the Manchar Formation. The investigation approach involved field studies, followed by laboratory techniques involving thin section study, major element geochemistry and SEM-EDS analysis. Both, the SEM imaging and petrography indicate that the quartz grains are moderate to well sorted with sub angular to sub rounded shape and are mostly monocrystalline. The heavy minerals are seen upto 2% and are mostly ilmenite. Moreover, the shape of grains indicate that the source was not far away and both the primary porosity and permeability have been decreased due to the secondary solutions, that are mostly carbonate in the form of calcite. The whole rock geochemical analysis revealed that at some stratigraphic positions some shales are highly rich in aluminum contents and thus qualify for bauxite deposit but need further evaluation for commercial use. On the basis of present findings, it is concluded that the source area was not far away and it is probable that the sediments came from western highlands instead of Himalayas as is generally thought.
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