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Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor (Kn) of freshwater garfish, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) from Keenjhar Lake, Thatta Sindh 信德省Keenjhar湖淡水garfish, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822)的长权关系和相对条件因子(Kn)
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0032
K. Khoso, W. A. Baloch, A. N. Soomro, S. Saddozai, W. M. Achakzai
>The study was aimed to report length-weight relationships and relative condition factor (Kn) of the Freshwater garfish, Xenentodon cancila collected between January to December 2013 from Keenjhar Lake, Thatta, Sindh. Growth pattern in both of the sexes was determined from 688 individuals (383 ♂, and 305 ♀), ranging 18.3-36.6 cm TL for (males) and 21.5-37 cm for (females), weighing 14.6-145 g (males) whereas females 22-141 g, were recorded.The coefficient of determination (R2 = >.8) was for both sexes shows significant relationship between parameters. Sexual dimorphism was obvious as males possess black edge at dorsal and anal fins whereas females lacks this character. The female-male sex ratio was 1:1.26 deviated from an ideal 1:1. The relative condition factor (Kn) ranged from 0.97-0.99. The baseline data presented here would be useful for further studies related to the management of this species.
本研究旨在报告2013年1 - 12月在信德省塔塔省Keenjhar湖采集的淡水garfish, Xenentodon cancila的长度-重量关系和相对条件因子(Kn)。对688只雄鼠(公鼠383只,母鼠305只)的生长模式进行了测定,结果显示,雄鼠身高18.3 ~ 36.6 cm,雌鼠身高21.5 ~ 37 cm,雄鼠体重14.6 ~ 145 g,雌鼠体重22 ~ 141 g。两性的决定系数(R2 = >.8)均为显著相关。两性二态性是明显的,雄性在背鳍和肛鳍上有黑色边缘,而雌性则没有这种特征。男女性别比为1:1.26,偏离了理想的1:1。相对条件因子(Kn)为0.97 ~ 0.99。这里提出的基线数据将对有关该物种管理的进一步研究有用。
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引用次数: 0
Suitable Space Detecting Method for solving non-linear equations by using Numerical Differentiation 用数值微分法求解非线性方程的合适空间检测方法
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/surj/2018.01.0015
S. Mughal, S. F. Shah, M. S. Chandio
This paper demonstrates a new method for solving a non-linear equation by using Numerical Differentiation. Throughout the studyan iterative algorithm has been proposed to find the suitable space (where root is located) for non-linear equations and it has been discovered by numerical results that proposed algorithm needs lesser number of iterations than Bisection method and Newton Raphson method to get required accuracy. Therefore, it can be said that modified method is faster than Bisection method and Newton Raphson method. In order to compare the results, some examples have been taken related to algebraic, trigonometric and transcendental functions. The software MATLAB, C++ and MICROSOFT EXCEL are used for finding the roots and results of non-linear equations with their graphical representation. It has been discovered that modified method executes better in comparison with existing iterative method.
本文给出了用数值微分法求解非线性方程的一种新方法。在整个研究过程中,提出了一种迭代算法来寻找非线性方程的合适空间(根所在的位置),数值结果发现,该算法比二分法和Newton Raphson法需要更少的迭代次数来获得所需的精度。因此,可以说改进的方法比平分法和Newton Raphson法更快。为了比较结果,文中还举了一些与代数、三角和超越函数有关的例子。利用MATLAB、c++和MICROSOFT EXCEL软件对非线性方程求根求结果,并给出图形化表示。与已有的迭代法相比,改进后的方法执行效果更好。
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引用次数: 0
State-Full Virtual Machine Live Data Migration For Improved Load Balancing 全状态虚拟机热数据迁移,改善负载均衡
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/surj/2018.01.0018
M. Shaikh, Asadullah Shaikh, M. Memon, Asadullah Shah, R. Shah
Cloud resembles with Virtualization to achieve the shared environment and shared resources. In virtualized shared environment, the availability of the shared resources for the shared multiple clusters/Virtual Machines is always matters. To provide the better performance to the end users of the cloud VMs and for the always availability of shared resources, virtual machine migration is always a challenging task in virtualized environment. The aim of this research is to investigate various parameters of live data migration between the shared clusters/virtual machines in state-full context and overall load balance level. The proposed migration strategy ensures the avoidance of attacks/anomalies which causes the load increase on the VMs which effects the entire system. This could be done by the resource allocation from one cluster to another via checkpointing method of VM to maintain the state of the VM, load of the VM including resource availability. Using Xen hypervisor memory technique which dynamically allows the migration of the configured memory while the allocated memory could be discarded for a while. By this the bad memory remains un-migrated only the good memory consisting the used data would be migrated by means of Real-time.
云计算类似于虚拟化,以实现共享环境和共享资源。在虚拟化共享环境中,共享的多个集群/虚拟机的共享资源的可用性总是很重要的。为了向云虚拟机的最终用户提供更好的性能和共享资源的始终可用性,虚拟机迁移一直是虚拟化环境中的一项具有挑战性的任务。本研究的目的是研究在全状态上下文中和总体负载平衡水平下共享集群/虚拟机之间实时数据迁移的各种参数。所提出的迁移策略确保避免攻击/异常导致虚拟机负载增加,从而影响整个系统。这可以通过VM的检查点方法从一个集群分配到另一个集群来实现,以维护VM的状态,VM的负载包括资源可用性。使用Xen管理程序内存技术,动态地允许迁移配置的内存,而分配的内存可能会被丢弃一段时间。通过这种方式,坏内存保持不迁移,只有包含使用数据的好内存将通过实时方式迁移。
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引用次数: 1
Next Generation Mobile phone antenna and its SAR investigation 下一代手机天线及其SAR研究
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0005
J. Khan, D. A. Sehrai, S. Khan
This work presents the design and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) investigation of Fifth Generation (5G) antenna for future mobile communication networks. The radiating patch is made up of copper material backed by a 0.254 mm thicker Roggers-5880 substrate (N9000 PTFE) having relative permittivity and loss tangent of 22x10-1 and 9x10-4, correspondingly. The antenna resonates at 23 GHz frequency band. The major lobe gain of the single component 5G antenna is 7.16 dB.To meet the gain requirements of 5G mobile communication systems, 1 x 4 element array antenna has been proposed which increases the bore side gain up to 12.6 dB at the desired frequency. The proposed antennas efficiency is 91-94 % with a sufficient amount of driving point impedance bandwidth (S11<- 10 dB), i.e. 600-620 MHz;The SAR of the proposed antenna is analyzed at two different parts of human body, i.e. belly and hand. The SAR is averaged over 10g of tissue. The proposed 1 x 4 element antenna gives lower values of SAR (<2 W/kg) on all parts of human body. The proposed array antenna can be used in 5G mobile handheld devices. All the simulations are carried out using CST MWS. The proposed antenna is suitable contender for 5G mobile communication systems.
本文介绍了面向未来移动通信网络的第五代(5G)天线的设计和比吸收率(SAR)研究。辐射贴片由0.254毫米厚的罗杰斯-5880衬底(N9000 PTFE)的铜材料组成,相对介电常数和损耗正切分别为22x10-1和9x10-4。天线谐振频率为23ghz。单分量5G天线的主瓣增益为7.16 dB。为了满足5G移动通信系统的增益要求,提出了1 × 4元阵列天线,在期望频率下将膛侧增益提高到12.6 dB。所提天线的效率为91- 94%,具有足够的驱动点阻抗带宽(S11<- 10 dB),即600-620 MHz;所提天线在人体腹部和手部两个不同部位进行SAR分析。SAR平均为10g组织。所提出的1 × 4单元天线在人体所有部位的SAR值都较低(<2 W/kg)。所提出的阵列天线可用于5G移动手持设备。所有的模拟都是使用CST MWS进行的。该天线适用于5G移动通信系统。
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引用次数: 3
Realization of a Finite Impulse Response Pulse Shaping Filter for Ultra-Wide Band Electronic Communication System 超宽带电子通信系统中有限脉冲响应脉冲整形滤波器的实现
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0006
Ikram E Khuda, M. Moinuddin
This paper has addressed the problem to design the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter for a pulse shaper used in electronics communication systems for a frequency band of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, which is unlicensed indoor UWB. Therefore unlikely from the previous approaches, an LSE combined pulse which is a procedural grouping of the initial fifteen higher time offshoots of a Gaussian pulse has been used to obtain desired pulse shape. The impulse outcome of the system doing pulse shaping has been cross validated against FCC indoor channel emission mask and the results are well satisfactory for UWB propagation standards proposed by FCC. The impulse response being highly non-linear poses problems for the implementation. We have solved this problem by using Recursive Least Square (RLS) technique to develop an FIR structure for the pulse shaper of this LSE combined pulse. The attraction of the solution is that the resultant filter structure is simple and cost effective.
本文解决了3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz频段无牌照室内超宽带电子通信系统脉冲整形器的有限脉冲响应滤波器设计问题。因此,与以前的方法不同,LSE组合脉冲是高斯脉冲的初始15个高时间分支的程序分组,用于获得所需的脉冲形状。对系统进行脉冲整形后的脉冲输出结果进行了FCC室内信道发射掩模的交叉验证,结果很好地满足了FCC提出的UWB传播标准。脉冲响应是高度非线性的,给实现带来了问题。我们利用递推最小二乘(RLS)技术开发了LSE组合脉冲整形器的FIR结构,解决了这一问题。该解决方案的吸引力在于所得到的过滤器结构简单且经济有效。
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引用次数: 2
Silverlight Streaming Software Application: Features Based Analysis of Programming Languages Silverlight流媒体软件应用:基于功能的编程语言分析
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/surj/2018.01.0013
A. R. Soomro, J. Mahar, H. Shaikh, F. A. Surahio
Silverlight framework is widely used for internet applications such as video streaming, animation and communication. These days, it supports to development tools for Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) type languages that are used to create programs and libraries. These languages have taken a place as event driven environment. Frequently and rapidly Silverlight applications are writing through the CLI and selection of the right programming language for these Silverlight application is still a problem for developers. Therefore, general characteristics comparison between four CLI types visual programming languages are presented in this paper and these are compared under the peculiarities; browser compatibility, rich media extension, keyword along data types and cross platform. Furthermore, video media streaming player Silverlight application is developed as an instance to test languages characteristics. This effort could help developers to choose better programming language among them for Silverlight applications.
Silverlight框架广泛用于视频流、动画和通信等互联网应用程序。目前,它支持用于创建程序和库的公共语言基础结构(CLI)类型语言的开发工具。这些语言在事件驱动环境中占有一席之地。Silverlight应用程序频繁且快速地通过CLI编写,为这些Silverlight应用程序选择正确的编程语言对开发人员来说仍然是一个问题。因此,本文比较了四种CLI类型的可视化编程语言的一般特点,并在各自的特点下进行了比较;浏览器兼容性,富媒体扩展,关键字沿数据类型和跨平台。并以视频媒体流媒体播放器Silverlight为例,对语言特性进行了测试。这项工作可以帮助开发人员为Silverlight应用程序选择更好的编程语言。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing Acceptance of Mobile Learning by Higher Education Students in Pakistan 巴基斯坦高等教育学生接受移动学习的影响因素
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0025
A. Arain, Zahid Hussain, M. S. Vighio, Wajid H. Rizvi
This study explores the impact of various factors on students' intention towards the acceptance of mobile learning (m-learning) technology. Use of extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model in the context of m-learning has been limited. This study explores its use and further refines UTAUT2 in the context of m-learning. A cross-sectional survey has been conducted in order to collect data from two universities of Pakistan. SmartPLS 3 and SPSS v.21 were used for investigating the data. The findings revealed that the behavioral intention regarding m-learning acceptance is positively influenced by performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit, hedonic motivation, ubiquity and personal innovativeness while effort expectancy has positive influence towards performance expectancy. Furthermore, the proposed conceptual model achieved acceptable fit and the hypothesized paths were valid. This study contributes in the m-learning and provides valuable insights to assess the acceptance of m-learning in the context of higher education institutes in Pakistan.
本研究探讨了各种因素对学生接受移动学习(m-learning)技术意愿的影响。扩展的技术接受和使用统一理论(UTAUT2)模型在移动学习背景下的使用受到限制。本研究探讨了它在移动学习背景下的使用,并进一步完善了UTAUT2。为了收集巴基斯坦两所大学的数据,进行了一项横断面调查。使用SmartPLS 3和SPSS v.21对数据进行调查。研究发现,绩效期望、便利条件、习惯、享乐动机、普遍性和个人创新对移动学习接受行为意向有正向影响,而努力期望对绩效期望有正向影响。此外,所提出的概念模型达到了可接受的拟合,假设路径有效。本研究对移动学习做出了贡献,并为评估巴基斯坦高等教育机构对移动学习的接受程度提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 10
Statistical analysis of Bacteria GeneChips for possible effects caused by Hoogesteen hydrogen bonding between Guanines 细菌基因芯片对鸟嘌呤之间的Hoogesteen氢键可能造成的影响的统计分析
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0001
F. N. Memon, Z. Khuhro, Q. U. A. Nizamani, F. Panhwar, N. Arijo
According to Watson-Crick base pairing, Guanine binds to Cytosine and Adenine binds to Thymine to form a double helix DNA molecule; however, it is observed that guanine can also bind with another guanine through hoogesteen hydrogen bonding at about 90 degrees. Thus a tetrad is formed if four guanines are attached with each other. These tetrads are the cause of the formation of unusual structures called G-quadruplex structures. These structures not only formed by a single guanine rich nucleic acid sequence but their formation is also possible by two or four parallel sequences collectively. These structures (or guanine rich sequences through which they are formed) affect a well known technology named Affymetrix GeneChip which is popular for gene expression measurement effectively and cheaply. Since the nucleic acid sequences are placed very closely on GeneChip, they are able to interact with each other and then form G-quadruplex structures. In this case, they are not ready to hybridize with their target sequences. It is found that raw or hybridization level data of human, mouse and rat (mammalian in general) are affected by guanine rich sequences. This paper exhibits that GeneChips of two Bacterias are also affected by guanine-guanine interaction and hence measurement of gene expressions using these chips could be misleading.
根据沃森-克里克碱基配对,鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶结合,腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶结合形成双螺旋DNA分子;然而,观察到鸟嘌呤也可以通过hoogesteen氢键与另一鸟嘌呤在90度左右结合。因此,如果四个鸟嘌呤相互连接,就形成了四分体。这些四分体形成了一种不寻常的结构,叫做g -四分体结构。这些结构不仅由单个富鸟嘌呤核酸序列形成,而且也可能由两个或四个平行序列共同形成。这些结构(或通过它们形成的鸟嘌呤富序列)影响了一种众所周知的技术,即Affymetrix基因芯片,该技术用于有效而廉价的基因表达测量。由于核酸序列在GeneChip上放置得非常近,它们能够相互作用,然后形成g -四重体结构。在这种情况下,它们还没有准备好与它们的目标序列杂交。发现人、小鼠和大鼠(一般哺乳动物)的原始或杂交水平数据受到鸟嘌呤富序列的影响。本文表明,两种细菌的基因芯片也受到鸟嘌呤-鸟嘌呤相互作用的影响,因此使用这些芯片测量基因表达可能会产生误导。
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引用次数: 0
Sedimentological investigations of active beach sand from Gaddani area, Balochistan, Pakistan 巴基斯坦俾路支省Gaddani地区活性沙滩砂的沉积学研究
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0033
S. Ariser, A. H. Markhand, S. A. Shaikh, L. Qiu
>Studying sand leads to understand the depositional environment of sandstone; sandstones exhibit variety of sedimentary depositional environments, all of them have different physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Samples of beach sand from Gaddani beach area, Balochistan, Pakistan were collected in order to understand the beach environment. In addition to field observation of primary sedimentary structures the samples were processed for grain size analysis, chemical, and mineralogical studies. The result of sorting and mineral aggregation shows that the environment has strong energy. All the results of above mentioned analysis lead us to conclude that it is beach environment. The increased concentration and shape of quartz in the samples suggest for it being transported from far away and experienced several depositional cycles. The primary structures affirm the bioturbation and graded bedding mechanisms.
>研究砂岩有助于了解砂岩的沉积环境;砂岩具有多种沉积环境,具有不同的物理、化学和生物特征。采集了巴基斯坦俾路支省Gaddani海滩地区的沙滩沙样品,以了解沙滩环境。除了对原始沉积构造进行实地观察外,还对样品进行了粒度分析、化学和矿物学研究。分选和矿物聚集结果表明,该环境具有较强的能量。以上分析的结果使我们得出结论,这是海滩环境。样品中石英的浓度和形状的增加表明它是从很远的地方运来的,经历了几个沉积旋回。原生构造证实了生物扰动和渐变层理机制。
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引用次数: 0
Online Text Categorization System Using Support Vector Machine 基于支持向量机的在线文本分类系统
Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0014
A. Jumani, M. Mahar, F. H. Khoso, M. A. Memon
Text Classification is a need of day, large text existing in the form of stories, news etc. Likewise, this system came into being along several techniques like, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks and Decision Tree. Stories, newspapers are the page collection that belongs to text categorization. Various Sindhi newspapers are regularly published and Daily Kawish is one of them. People are facing difficulties during reading newspaper because there is no any specific option that will categorize particular news related to sports, technologies, crime, fashion and current affairs. For this purpose, a Text Categorization System (TCS) for Sindhi language is presented in this paper. Five classes are used and scanned each newspaper page inside a single class. It is too difficult to predict how many users will read newspaper simultaneously and for this, web performance is tested. Moreover, for the classification of the text from pages, precision, recall and f-measure are used to measure and achieved 67% of accuracy to classify the text from newspaper pages. It would be beneficial for those who want to save their precious time during reading newspaper.
文本分类是当今以故事、新闻等形式存在的大型文本的需要。同样,这个系统是随着支持向量机、神经网络和决策树等技术而形成的。故事、报纸都是属于文字分类的页面集合。各种信德语报纸定期出版,每日卡哇什语是其中之一。人们在阅读报纸时遇到了困难,因为没有任何具体的选项来分类与体育、技术、犯罪、时尚、时事相关的特定新闻。为此,本文提出了一个信德语文本分类系统(TCS)。使用了五个类,并扫描了单个类内的每个报纸页面。要预测有多少用户同时阅读报纸太难了,为此,我们测试了网页性能。此外,对于页面文本的分类,使用precision, recall和f-measure进行测量,对报纸页面文本进行分类的准确率达到67%。这对那些想要节省宝贵的读报纸时间的人来说是有益的。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Sindh University Research Journal
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