Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0002
S. Memon, A. A. Jamali, M. Anjum, M. Memon, S. Qadri
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an advanced technique used for identifying and detecting objects beneath the surface. Ultra Wideband (UWB) antennas are utilized as a part of GPR system for transmission and reception of short electromagnetic pulses. The fundamental source of difficulty lies in the performance of GPR for detecting the subsurface objects is the reflection from the antenna itself. These reflections cause late time ringing; which makes problem in the recognition of the underground object. Reflections in the antenna itself can be examined by studying transient behavior of the antenna. This paper focuses on the theoretical investigation of the design of UWB Vivaldi antenna (1GHz - 2.6GHz) for GPR applications. Vivaldi antenna has been designed, optimized and simulated in the CST Microwave Studios. The optimized Vivaldi antenna has a lower return loss and VSWR at a center frequency (1.8 GHz) of -35dB and around 1.0, respectively. Vivaldi antenna is also modeled with the GPR environment (i.e. with earth and scatterer inside the earth). Hence, the optimized Vivaldi antenna is presented to use for GPR applications.
{"title":"Vivaldi Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications","authors":"S. Memon, A. A. Jamali, M. Anjum, M. Memon, S. Qadri","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an advanced technique used for identifying and detecting objects beneath the surface. Ultra Wideband (UWB) antennas are utilized as a part of GPR system for transmission and reception of short electromagnetic pulses. The fundamental source of difficulty lies in the performance of GPR for detecting the subsurface objects is the reflection from the antenna itself. These reflections cause late time ringing; which makes problem in the recognition of the underground object. Reflections in the antenna itself can be examined by studying transient behavior of the antenna. This paper focuses on the theoretical investigation of the design of UWB Vivaldi antenna (1GHz - 2.6GHz) for GPR applications. Vivaldi antenna has been designed, optimized and simulated in the CST Microwave Studios. The optimized Vivaldi antenna has a lower return loss and VSWR at a center frequency (1.8 GHz) of -35dB and around 1.0, respectively. Vivaldi antenna is also modeled with the GPR environment (i.e. with earth and scatterer inside the earth). Hence, the optimized Vivaldi antenna is presented to use for GPR applications.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77588866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0026
N. Chandio, M. Anwar, Q. H. Mallah
Indus delta is facing lot of troubles since last twenty years due to climate change and sea level rise of Arabia Sea. The sea water intrusion is continually moving towards the coastal belt of Sindh Province. It is observed that sea water intrusion is moving sub-surface also. Fertile soil of the area is converting infertile land. Agriculture, fruits, vegetables, flora and fauna and ecosystem of the Delta is disturbed. Mangroves forest is slowly washed away from the area. It is reported that rate of Sea water intrusion is 80 acres per day and 38 percent mangroves forest has been removed in last twenty years. Increased stormy circumstances at the coast line of the Arabian Sea have given rise to the increased tidal activity. Along the coast line, increased to- and fro motion of tides and waves continue encroaching the shoreline posing threats to agricultural land, infrastructure and development activities. In summer, generally southwesterly winds prevail along the coastal areas of Sindh which bring monsoon rains to the area. Dynamics of south westerly has increased significantly producing enhanced precipitation over southeastern parts of the Sindh province. As that wind act the coast from south therefore their increased force has been rapidly eroding the soil/land along the coast due to the tides and strong waves. Continuity of storm acts with sea surface depressions cause significant damage. The latest research shows that fresh water availability in the River Indus, Tidal Link canal and mangroves forest may push backward the sea water intrusion and will help for the restoration of the Indus delta and its economy.
{"title":"Impacts of Climate Change on Coast Line of Arabian Sea: A Case Study of Indus River Delta, Pakistan","authors":"N. Chandio, M. Anwar, Q. H. Mallah","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Indus delta is facing lot of troubles since last twenty years due to climate change and sea level rise of Arabia Sea. The sea water intrusion is continually moving towards the coastal belt of Sindh Province. It is observed that sea water intrusion is moving sub-surface also. Fertile soil of the area is converting infertile land. Agriculture, fruits, vegetables, flora and fauna and ecosystem of the Delta is disturbed. Mangroves forest is slowly washed away from the area. It is reported that rate of Sea water intrusion is 80 acres per day and 38 percent mangroves forest has been removed in last twenty years. Increased stormy circumstances at the coast line of the Arabian Sea have given rise to the increased tidal activity. Along the coast line, increased to- and fro motion of tides and waves continue encroaching the shoreline posing threats to agricultural land, infrastructure and development activities. In summer, generally southwesterly winds prevail along the coastal areas of Sindh which bring monsoon rains to the area. Dynamics of south westerly has increased significantly producing enhanced precipitation over southeastern parts of the Sindh province. As that wind act the coast from south therefore their increased force has been rapidly eroding the soil/land along the coast due to the tides and strong waves. Continuity of storm acts with sea surface depressions cause significant damage. The latest research shows that fresh water availability in the River Indus, Tidal Link canal and mangroves forest may push backward the sea water intrusion and will help for the restoration of the Indus delta and its economy.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88325892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/surj/2018.01.0017
A. Laghari, H. Abbasi
The complex topography, poor gauge representativity and uneven density make it an uphill task to accurately map precipitation in mountainous regions. This challenge was confronted with the evaluation of four different mapping techniques: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Spline and Regression Kriging (RK). An evaluation of the resulting georasters using 1) cross-validation statistics, 2) a spatial cross-consistency test and 3) a water balance analysis reveals that the techniques ignoring the information on co-variables yield the largest prediction errors. Mean error and root-mean-square error values suggested that the most biased methods were IDW and spline, with a bias almost 2 to 5 times higher than ordinary kriging. The best model accounted for mean precipitation analysis is regression Kriging, with a mean error and root mean square error values of 1.38 mm and 72.36 mm respectively, which represents 42 % less bias and 16 % higher accuracy than OK results. Comparative performances show that the regression analysis made it possible to judiciously evaluate the variable patterns and get fairly accurate values at un-gauged locations where geographical information compensated the poor availability of local data.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Spatial Interpolation Techniques for Mapping Annual Mean Rainfall Estimation within a Mountainous Region","authors":"A. Laghari, H. Abbasi","doi":"10.26692/surj/2018.01.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2018.01.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The complex topography, poor gauge representativity and uneven density make it an uphill task to accurately map precipitation in mountainous regions. This challenge was confronted with the evaluation of four different mapping techniques: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Spline and Regression Kriging (RK). An evaluation of the resulting georasters using 1) cross-validation statistics, 2) a spatial cross-consistency test and 3) a water balance analysis reveals that the techniques ignoring the information on co-variables yield the largest prediction errors. Mean error and root-mean-square error values suggested that the most biased methods were IDW and spline, with a bias almost 2 to 5 times higher than ordinary kriging. The best model accounted for mean precipitation analysis is regression Kriging, with a mean error and root mean square error values of 1.38 mm and 72.36 mm respectively, which represents 42 % less bias and 16 % higher accuracy than OK results. Comparative performances show that the regression analysis made it possible to judiciously evaluate the variable patterns and get fairly accurate values at un-gauged locations where geographical information compensated the poor availability of local data.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79598727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0031
H. Salam, S. Memon, L. Das, A. Rehman, Z. Hussain
Earthquake is one of the unpredictable natural disasters which causes serious damages including human life and infrastructures. The gaining information about earthquakes before they occur in not possible yet, however, the efficient disaster management (DM) services and their arrangements are essential after the earthquake to save human life and restore communication services which can help to locate victims over or underground. The recovery from earthquake can only be managed and obtained by a proper planning, well equipped response systems and resilient communication networks. Earthquakes are well superintend by many countries such as Japan and governments have plans and facilities to provide the quick response just after happening of earthquake. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established by the government of Pakistan for natural DM. The services of NDMA is linked with the army and they always appear in front to manage disasters with their teams. In disaster zone, the armed force establish their own communication services but no service exists which interact directly with victims over or under ground. No concept of resilient communication network exists in the policy of NDMA and never discussed at national level. Wireless communication networks play an important role soon after the earthquake, they just not help to restore communication in that zone but can be helpful to locate victims. The available smart technologies linked with high speed internet services via cellular communication and can be used to establish wireless Adhoc services. In this research, a resilient ICT network which is Drone Based Resilient ICT Architecture is usedfor Survivals in Disaster Zones.
{"title":"Drone Based Resilient Network Architecture for Survivals in Earthquake Zones in Pakistan","authors":"H. Salam, S. Memon, L. Das, A. Rehman, Z. Hussain","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake is one of the unpredictable natural disasters which causes serious damages including human life and infrastructures. The gaining information about earthquakes before they occur in not possible yet, however, the efficient disaster management (DM) services and their arrangements are essential after the earthquake to save human life and restore communication services which can help to locate victims over or underground. The recovery from earthquake can only be managed and obtained by a proper planning, well equipped response systems and resilient communication networks. Earthquakes are well superintend by many countries such as Japan and governments have plans and facilities to provide the quick response just after happening of earthquake. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established by the government of Pakistan for natural DM. The services of NDMA is linked with the army and they always appear in front to manage disasters with their teams. In disaster zone, the armed force establish their own communication services but no service exists which interact directly with victims over or under ground. No concept of resilient communication network exists in the policy of NDMA and never discussed at national level. Wireless communication networks play an important role soon after the earthquake, they just not help to restore communication in that zone but can be helpful to locate victims. The available smart technologies linked with high speed internet services via cellular communication and can be used to establish wireless Adhoc services. In this research, a resilient ICT network which is Drone Based Resilient ICT Architecture is usedfor Survivals in Disaster Zones.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90463225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0011
N. Memon, H. Shaikh, B. Shah, A. Baloch
A robust semi-implicit pressure-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) scheme (SIMPLE) scheme is adopted for modeling of steady and viscous compressible flows through converging and diverging channel. Second-order spatial accuracy will achieved through linear unstructured finite volume cell discretization. The SIMPLE scheme characterizes a development in mass-momentum coupled, pressure based schemes. The governing equations for this scheme are the conservative form of momentum equations (Navier-Stokes) and mass conservation equation. The grid will be developed and refined through Gambit package. Flow structure will be developed with effect of fluid inertia, primary, secondary and treasury vortex may be developed in the aspect ratio 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8 of the converging and diverging channels. The small vortex observed in the ratio 1: 4 in each corner of the channel and with increasing the fluid inertia the left upper vortex in size is enhanced only due to increase the Reynolds numbers. When increased the ratio 1: 6 and 1: 8 the vortex in size is enhanced at lower and upper corner of the channel and occupied the whole domain. Due to filling the Porous material all vortices left, right, upper and lower are diminished and no recirculation flow rate observed at each Reynolds numbers and on every Darcy numbers. The numerical results achieved through finite volume technique through commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent and will be compared with analytical approach of sheikh, et al. [2012] and also other numerical results with and without use of CFD packages.
{"title":"Finite Volume Simulation of Newtonian Fluids Through Combined Converging and Diverging Channel","authors":"N. Memon, H. Shaikh, B. Shah, A. Baloch","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0011","url":null,"abstract":"A robust semi-implicit pressure-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) scheme (SIMPLE) scheme is adopted for modeling of steady and viscous compressible flows through converging and diverging channel. Second-order spatial accuracy will achieved through linear unstructured finite volume cell discretization. The SIMPLE scheme characterizes a development in mass-momentum coupled, pressure based schemes. The governing equations for this scheme are the conservative form of momentum equations (Navier-Stokes) and mass conservation equation. The grid will be developed and refined through Gambit package. Flow structure will be developed with effect of fluid inertia, primary, secondary and treasury vortex may be developed in the aspect ratio 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8 of the converging and diverging channels. The small vortex observed in the ratio 1: 4 in each corner of the channel and with increasing the fluid inertia the left upper vortex in size is enhanced only due to increase the Reynolds numbers. When increased the ratio 1: 6 and 1: 8 the vortex in size is enhanced at lower and upper corner of the channel and occupied the whole domain. Due to filling the Porous material all vortices left, right, upper and lower are diminished and no recirculation flow rate observed at each Reynolds numbers and on every Darcy numbers. The numerical results achieved through finite volume technique through commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent and will be compared with analytical approach of sheikh, et al. [2012] and also other numerical results with and without use of CFD packages.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79739117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0024
U. K. Qureshi, M. Ansari, M. R. Syed
In this paper a super linear iterated method has been suggested for solving non-linear equations. The proposed super linear method is very much effective and convenient for solving non-linear equations, and it is a derivative free two-point method. The proposed iterated method is derived from Newton Raphson Method and Taylor Series. We have observed in numerical outcome is that the super line a rmethod is rapidly converge with the assessment of Bisection Method, Regula-Falsi Method and Secant Method. Its hypothetical out comes and efficacy is inveterate by Numerical problems. Throughout the study, it has been perceived that the developed super linear algorithm is a decent attainment for estimating a single root of nonlinear equations.
{"title":"Super Linear Iterated Method for Solving Non-Linear Equations","authors":"U. K. Qureshi, M. Ansari, M. R. Syed","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0024","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a super linear iterated method has been suggested for solving non-linear equations. The proposed super linear method is very much effective and convenient for solving non-linear equations, and it is a derivative free two-point method. The proposed iterated method is derived from Newton Raphson Method and Taylor Series. We have observed in numerical outcome is that the super line a rmethod is rapidly converge with the assessment of Bisection Method, Regula-Falsi Method and Secant Method. Its hypothetical out comes and efficacy is inveterate by Numerical problems. Throughout the study, it has been perceived that the developed super linear algorithm is a decent attainment for estimating a single root of nonlinear equations.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"185 1","pages":"137-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80580201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0010
A. Javed, J. Qazi
Androgens are renowned for improving the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. They are potent agents for quick reinnervation of nerves and angiogenesis in muscle grafts. So far several studies have reported their anabolic roles in clinical transplantations. In the current study, effects of testosterone propionate (TP) onextensordigitorrumlongus muscle grafts were studied. It was noticed that TP supplementation caused significant increase in blood vessels and nerves diameter along with their walls thickness up to 2nd week. Then there was a gradual decrease observed in the above mentioned pattern till end of 4thweek of the hormone supply. It was found that over dosage caused negative effects on the process of regeneration in EDL muscle grafts and resulted in shrinkage of nerves and vascular supply.
{"title":"Testosterone Propionate Promotes Angiogenesis and Nerve Regeneration in Extensor Digitorrum Longus Muscle Grafts","authors":"A. Javed, J. Qazi","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Androgens are renowned for improving the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. They are potent agents for quick reinnervation of nerves and angiogenesis in muscle grafts. So far several studies have reported their anabolic roles in clinical transplantations. In the current study, effects of testosterone propionate (TP) onextensordigitorrumlongus muscle grafts were studied. It was noticed that TP supplementation caused significant increase in blood vessels and nerves diameter along with their walls thickness up to 2nd week. Then there was a gradual decrease observed in the above mentioned pattern till end of 4thweek of the hormone supply. It was found that over dosage caused negative effects on the process of regeneration in EDL muscle grafts and resulted in shrinkage of nerves and vascular supply.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-05DOI: 10.26692/surj/2018.01.0021
Zulfiqar Laghari, N. M. Baig, T. R. Charan, K. Lashari, R. Suhag
Beta Thalassemia is a genetic disorder affecting millions around the word including Pakistan. Thalassemia is a major problem of concern causing high mortality rate in children, adolescents and adults. Thalassemia patients need repeated transfusion, which might result into number of complications. Many studies have reported association of ABO blood groups with diseases. The associations of ABO blood group with thalassemia have not been extensively studied. In order to find out the prevalence of thalassemia according to age, gender and frequency of blood groups, a retrospective study was carried out in 810 thalassemia patients. Our finding suggests the prevalence of thalassemia was higher in male patients than female patients. Higher number of patients was found in the lower age group ≤ 5 years old. The pattern of ABO blood groups was O> B > A> AB. Rh negative factor was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in female patients than male patients. In conclusion higher prevalence of thalassemia patients was found in male patients and females were found to have higher prevalence of Rh-negative group.
地中海贫血是一种遗传性疾病，影响着包括巴基斯坦在内的全世界数百万人。地中海贫血是引起儿童、青少年和成人高死亡率的主要问题。地中海贫血患者需要反复输血，这可能导致许多并发症。许多研究报道了ABO血型与疾病的关联。ABO血型与地中海贫血的关系尚未得到广泛研究。为了解地中海贫血在年龄、性别、血型频次等方面的流行情况，对810例地中海贫血患者进行回顾性研究。我们的发现表明，地中海贫血的患病率在男性患者中高于女性患者。以≤5岁的低龄组患者较多。ABO血型型为O> B > A> AB，女性患者Rh阴性因子显著高于男性(P< 0.05)。结论男性地中海贫血患者患病率较高，rh阴性组女性患病率较高。
{"title":"Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus Factor in ß-Thalassemia Patients at Thalassemia Care Center NawabShah, Pakistan","authors":"Zulfiqar Laghari, N. M. Baig, T. R. Charan, K. Lashari, R. Suhag","doi":"10.26692/surj/2018.01.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2018.01.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Beta Thalassemia is a genetic disorder affecting millions around the word including Pakistan. Thalassemia is a major problem of concern causing high mortality rate in children, adolescents and adults. Thalassemia patients need repeated transfusion, which might result into number of complications. Many studies have reported association of ABO blood groups with diseases. The associations of ABO blood group with thalassemia have not been extensively studied. In order to find out the prevalence of thalassemia according to age, gender and frequency of blood groups, a retrospective study was carried out in 810 thalassemia patients. Our finding suggests the prevalence of thalassemia was higher in male patients than female patients. Higher number of patients was found in the lower age group ≤ 5 years old. The pattern of ABO blood groups was O> B > A> AB. Rh negative factor was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in female patients than male patients. In conclusion higher prevalence of thalassemia patients was found in male patients and females were found to have higher prevalence of Rh-negative group.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78992157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-05DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.00020
J. Warsi, Z. A. Palh, M. R. Qambrani, S. Meghwar
Anthropometric measurements are the litmus during the transition of any woman from normal menstrual cycle to menopause. Several changes occur in the body during this transition from change of body shape to hormonal fluctuations, from social status to psychological and neurological alterations. The present study thus explored the pre and post menopausal changes in the anthropometric indicators and its significance level. Methodology: A survey based cross sectional study was carried out. Total 190 female aged 40-60, were randomly selected from the district Hyderabad. Results: age, weight, BMI and WC (in rural, urban and accumulative) in post menopausal women are significantly less (p=0.0001, p=0.01, p=0.004 and p=0.01 respectively) than those who were having normal menstrual cycles. Waist to height ratio (WHtR), height, Bicep and triceps measurements were not significantly different in the aforementioned groups. Conclusion: In a representative study of woman, the natural transition is strongly associated with decrease in BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist circumference) and weight.
{"title":"Association of Anthropometric Measurements with pre and post Menopausal women: A survey based cross sectional study","authors":"J. Warsi, Z. A. Palh, M. R. Qambrani, S. Meghwar","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2018.01.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropometric measurements are the litmus during the transition of any woman from normal menstrual cycle to menopause. Several changes occur in the body during this transition from change of body shape to hormonal fluctuations, from social status to psychological and neurological alterations. The present study thus explored the pre and post menopausal changes in the anthropometric indicators and its significance level. Methodology: A survey based cross sectional study was carried out. Total 190 female aged 40-60, were randomly selected from the district Hyderabad. Results: age, weight, BMI and WC (in rural, urban and accumulative) in post menopausal women are significantly less (p=0.0001, p=0.01, p=0.004 and p=0.01 respectively) than those who were having normal menstrual cycles. Waist to height ratio (WHtR), height, Bicep and triceps measurements were not significantly different in the aforementioned groups. Conclusion: In a representative study of woman, the natural transition is strongly associated with decrease in BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist circumference) and weight.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"119-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81969095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-19DOI: 10.26692/Surj/2017.12.70
M. R. Daudpoto, M. G. Talpur, A. Khooharo, K. Arain
Regression widely used for prediction and forecasting a number of applications with function. Regression analysis estimates the uncertain expectation of according to the defined variables the independent variables. Regression is used to understand the relationships between the variables and arguments relating to the use survey. Overall, the regression variables defined by conditional expectation beam of argument-that the variable is normally the least resolved the disagreement; Focal points in the distribution parameters or arguments temporary variables. In Sindh University hostels the following experiment was conducted on Rotating Biological contactor through different parameters such as retention time and multiple numbers of disks. Experiment shows the removal on different retention time levels i-e; 2 hours, 2.5 hours and 3 hours with multiple number of disks of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). “r” indicates that there is a positive correlation in between the influent and effluent figures, where as the co-efficient of determination (r2) indicates (when multiply by 100) the reliability of effluent on influent data. Co-efficient of determination (r2) also indicates that the regression equations are how much reliable for the estimation.
{"title":"Regression and correlation analysis on rotating biological contactor","authors":"M. R. Daudpoto, M. G. Talpur, A. Khooharo, K. Arain","doi":"10.26692/Surj/2017.12.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/Surj/2017.12.70","url":null,"abstract":"Regression widely used for prediction and forecasting a number of applications with function. Regression analysis estimates the uncertain expectation of according to the defined variables the independent variables. Regression is used to understand the relationships between the variables and arguments relating to the use survey. Overall, the regression variables defined by conditional expectation beam of argument-that the variable is normally the least resolved the disagreement; Focal points in the distribution parameters or arguments temporary variables. In Sindh University hostels the following experiment was conducted on Rotating Biological contactor through different parameters such as retention time and multiple numbers of disks. Experiment shows the removal on different retention time levels i-e; 2 hours, 2.5 hours and 3 hours with multiple number of disks of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). “r” indicates that there is a positive correlation in between the influent and effluent figures, where as the co-efficient of determination (r2) indicates (when multiply by 100) the reliability of effluent on influent data. Co-efficient of determination (r2) also indicates that the regression equations are how much reliable for the estimation.","PeriodicalId":21859,"journal":{"name":"Sindh University Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"849-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91537702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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