Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.05
Dongqing Liu, Jun Shen, Zelang Jian, Xingke Cai
The potassium (K) metal anode, following the "Holy Grail" Li metal anode, is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation batteries. In comparison with Li, K exhibits even more pronounced energy storage properties. However, it suffers from similar challenges as most alkali metal anodes, such as safety and cyclability issues. Borrowing strategies from Li/Na metal anodes, the three-dimensional (3D)-structured current collector has proven to be a universal and effective strategy. This study examines the recent research progress of 3D-structured electrodes for K metal anodes, focusing on the most commonly used host materials, including carbon-, metal-, and MXene-related electrode materials. Finally, existing challenges, various perspectives on the rational design of K metal anodes, and the future development of K batteries are presented.
{"title":"Advanced 3D-structured electrode for potassium metal anodes","authors":"Dongqing Liu, Jun Shen, Zelang Jian, Xingke Cai","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"The potassium (K) metal anode, following the \"Holy Grail\" Li metal anode, is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation batteries. In comparison with Li, K exhibits even more pronounced energy storage properties. However, it suffers from similar challenges as most alkali metal anodes, such as safety and cyclability issues. Borrowing strategies from Li/Na metal anodes, the three-dimensional (3D)-structured current collector has proven to be a universal and effective strategy. This study examines the recent research progress of 3D-structured electrodes for K metal anodes, focusing on the most commonly used host materials, including carbon-, metal-, and MXene-related electrode materials. Finally, existing challenges, various perspectives on the rational design of K metal anodes, and the future development of K batteries are presented.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90053309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have high gravimetric potassium-ion storage capability because of their abundant active sites and defects. However, their practical applications toward potassium storage are limited by sluggish reaction kinetics and short cycling life owing to the large ionic radius of K+ and undesirable parasitic reactions. Herein, we report a new strategy that allows for bottom-up patterning of thin N/P co-doped carbon layers with a uniform mesoporous structure on two-dimensional graphene sheets. The highly porous architecture and N/P co-doping properties provide abundant active sites for K+, and the graphene sheets promote charge/electron transfer. This synergistic structure enables excellent K+ storage performance in terms of specific capacity (387.6 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1), rate capability (over 5 A g-1), and cycling stability (70% after 3,000 cycles). As a proof of concept, a potassium-ion capacitor assembled using this carbon anode yields a high energy density of 107 Wh kg-1, a maximum power density of 18.3 kW kg-1, and ultra-long cycling stability over 40,000 cycles.
杂原子掺杂碳材料由于其丰富的活性位点和缺陷，具有较高的重量钾离子储存能力。然而，由于K+离子半径大和不理想的寄生反应，它们的反应动力学缓慢，循环寿命短，限制了它们在钾储存方面的实际应用。在此，我们报告了一种新的策略，该策略允许在二维石墨烯片上自下而上地绘制具有均匀介孔结构的薄N/P共掺杂碳层。高多孔结构和N/P共掺杂性质为K+提供了丰富的活性位点，并且石墨烯片促进了电荷/电子转移。这种协同结构在比容量(0.05 A g-1时387.6 mAh g-1)，速率容量(超过5 A g-1)和循环稳定性(3000次循环后70%)方面具有出色的K+存储性能。作为概念验证，使用这种碳阳极组装的钾离子电容器产生107 Wh kg-1的高能量密度，18.3 kW kg-1的最大功率密度，以及超过40,000次循环的超长循环稳定性。
{"title":"Two-dimensional nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped mesoporous carbon-graphene nanosheets anode for high-performance potassium-ion capacitor","authors":"Tong Li, Xinling Huang, Shulai Lei, Jing Zhang, X. Li, Chengxiang Wang, Zhiwei Zhang, Shijie Wang, Longwei Yin, Rutao Wang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2022.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.93","url":null,"abstract":"Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have high gravimetric potassium-ion storage capability because of their abundant active sites and defects. However, their practical applications toward potassium storage are limited by sluggish reaction kinetics and short cycling life owing to the large ionic radius of K+ and undesirable parasitic reactions. Herein, we report a new strategy that allows for bottom-up patterning of thin N/P co-doped carbon layers with a uniform mesoporous structure on two-dimensional graphene sheets. The highly porous architecture and N/P co-doping properties provide abundant active sites for K+, and the graphene sheets promote charge/electron transfer. This synergistic structure enables excellent K+ storage performance in terms of specific capacity (387.6 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1), rate capability (over 5 A g-1), and cycling stability (70% after 3,000 cycles). As a proof of concept, a potassium-ion capacitor assembled using this carbon anode yields a high energy density of 107 Wh kg-1, a maximum power density of 18.3 kW kg-1, and ultra-long cycling stability over 40,000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86180154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2022.81
{"title":"Revealing energy storage mechanism of CsPbBr3 perovskite for ultra-stable symmetric supercapacitors","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2022.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72715296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3866-7
{"title":"Energy Materials: Structure, Properties and Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-3866-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3866-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73821489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2022.71
{"title":"Enhanced all-climate sodium-ion batteries performance in a low-defect and Na-enriched Prussian blue analogue cathode by nickel substitution","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2022.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78623488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.13
Yifan Wei, Huicong Xia, Wenfu Yan, Jia-Nan Zhang
Understanding the interactions between single metallic atom/clusters (SMACs) has been taken to an unprecedented level, due to the delicate conditions required to produce exotic phenomena in electrode materials, such as thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and energy storage devices. Recently, state-of-the-art synthesis methods, such as one-step pyrolysis and multistep pyrolysis, have been developed for SMACs. Herein the interactions between SMACs such as synergetic, charge redistribution effects, and mutual assistance effects, are studied. SMACs have the advantage of maximum utilization of atoms and scattered active sites compared to single metal atoms, and they also have flexible and tunable atom clusters. SMACs have been widely developed and have shown excellent catalytic performance in electrocatalysis. Herein, the self-interaction between SMACs and their catalytic mechanisms are systematically described. The challenges in current synthesis strategies, catalytic mechanisms, and industrial applications of SMACs are analyzed, and a possible synthesis method for SMACs is proposed.
{"title":"Recent processing of interaction mechanisms of single metallic atom/clusters in energy electrocatalysis","authors":"Yifan Wei, Huicong Xia, Wenfu Yan, Jia-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interactions between single metallic atom/clusters (SMACs) has been taken to an unprecedented level, due to the delicate conditions required to produce exotic phenomena in electrode materials, such as thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and energy storage devices. Recently, state-of-the-art synthesis methods, such as one-step pyrolysis and multistep pyrolysis, have been developed for SMACs. Herein the interactions between SMACs such as synergetic, charge redistribution effects, and mutual assistance effects, are studied. SMACs have the advantage of maximum utilization of atoms and scattered active sites compared to single metal atoms, and they also have flexible and tunable atom clusters. SMACs have been widely developed and have shown excellent catalytic performance in electrocatalysis. Herein, the self-interaction between SMACs and their catalytic mechanisms are systematically described. The challenges in current synthesis strategies, catalytic mechanisms, and industrial applications of SMACs are analyzed, and a possible synthesis method for SMACs is proposed.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83690609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.14
Yi Yuan, S. Pu, Xiangwen Gao, A. Robertson
The fast development of modern battery research highly relies on advanced characterisation methods to unveil the fundamental mechanisms of their electrochemical processes. The continued development of in situ characterisation techniques allows the study of dynamic changes during battery cycling rather than just the initial and the final phase. Among these, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is able to provide direct observation of the structural and morphological evolution in batteries at the nanoscale. Using a compact liquid cell configuration, which allows a fluid to be safely imaged in the high vacuum of the TEM, permits the study of a wide range of candidate liquid electrolytes. In this review, the experimental setup is outlined and the important points for reliable operation are summarised, which are critical to the safety and reproducibility of experiments. Furthermore, the application of in situ liquid cell TEM in understanding various aspects, including dendrite growth, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, and the electrode structural evolution in different battery systems, is systematically presented. Finally, challenges in the current application and perspectives of the future development of the in situ liquid cell TEM technique are briefly addressed.
{"title":"The application of in situ liquid cell TEM in advanced battery research","authors":"Yi Yuan, S. Pu, Xiangwen Gao, A. Robertson","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"The fast development of modern battery research highly relies on advanced characterisation methods to unveil the fundamental mechanisms of their electrochemical processes. The continued development of in situ characterisation techniques allows the study of dynamic changes during battery cycling rather than just the initial and the final phase. Among these, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is able to provide direct observation of the structural and morphological evolution in batteries at the nanoscale. Using a compact liquid cell configuration, which allows a fluid to be safely imaged in the high vacuum of the TEM, permits the study of a wide range of candidate liquid electrolytes. In this review, the experimental setup is outlined and the important points for reliable operation are summarised, which are critical to the safety and reproducibility of experiments. Furthermore, the application of in situ liquid cell TEM in understanding various aspects, including dendrite growth, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, and the electrode structural evolution in different battery systems, is systematically presented. Finally, challenges in the current application and perspectives of the future development of the in situ liquid cell TEM technique are briefly addressed.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.09
Guang-Lan Li, Kuang Sheng, Yu Lei, Feng Zhang, Juan Yang, Baobao Chang, Liping Zheng, Xian-you Wang
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for dual-functional non-precious metal electrocatalysts are promising alternatives for Pt/Ru-based materials in rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, how to achieve dual-functional oxygen electrocatalytic activity on single-component catalysts and identify the sites responsible for ORR and OER still face many challenges. Herein, an efficient and stable dual-functional electrocatalyst is fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal method with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) π-π stacking on nickel-iron selenide layered hydroxide derivatives (Se/Ni3Se4/Fe3O4). The as-prepared multi-component catalyst (named as FePc/Se@NiFe) exhibits better oxygen electrocatalytic properties than Pt/Ru-based catalysts, with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.90 V and an overpotential of 10 mA cm-2 (Ej10) of 320 mV. More importantly, chronoamperometry (I-T) and accelerated durability tests (ADT) show the unordinary stability of the catalyst. Both physical characterization and experimental results verify that the Fe-N4 moieties and Ni3Se4 crystalline phase are the main active sites for ORR and OER activities, respectively. The small potential gap (ΔE = Ej10 - E1/2 = 0.622 V) represents superior dual-functional activities of the FePc/Se@NiFe catalyst. Subsequently, the ZABs assembled using FePc/Se@NiFe exhibit excellent performances. This study offers a promising design concept for promoting further development of high-performance ORR and OER electrocatalysts and their application in ZAB.
{"title":"Iron phthalocyanine coupled with nickel-iron selenide layered hydroxide derivative as dual-functional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries","authors":"Guang-Lan Li, Kuang Sheng, Yu Lei, Feng Zhang, Juan Yang, Baobao Chang, Liping Zheng, Xian-you Wang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for dual-functional non-precious metal electrocatalysts are promising alternatives for Pt/Ru-based materials in rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, how to achieve dual-functional oxygen electrocatalytic activity on single-component catalysts and identify the sites responsible for ORR and OER still face many challenges. Herein, an efficient and stable dual-functional electrocatalyst is fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal method with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) π-π stacking on nickel-iron selenide layered hydroxide derivatives (Se/Ni3Se4/Fe3O4). The as-prepared multi-component catalyst (named as FePc/Se@NiFe) exhibits better oxygen electrocatalytic properties than Pt/Ru-based catalysts, with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.90 V and an overpotential of 10 mA cm-2 (Ej10) of 320 mV. More importantly, chronoamperometry (I-T) and accelerated durability tests (ADT) show the unordinary stability of the catalyst. Both physical characterization and experimental results verify that the Fe-N4 moieties and Ni3Se4 crystalline phase are the main active sites for ORR and OER activities, respectively. The small potential gap (ΔE = Ej10 - E1/2 = 0.622 V) represents superior dual-functional activities of the FePc/Se@NiFe catalyst. Subsequently, the ZABs assembled using FePc/Se@NiFe exhibit excellent performances. This study offers a promising design concept for promoting further development of high-performance ORR and OER electrocatalysts and their application in ZAB.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.10
Xuerui Yang, Yaxin Huang, Jianhui Li, Weilin Huang, Wen Yang, Changquan Wu, Shijun Tang, F. Ren, Z. Gong, N. Zhou, Yong Yang
Despite the significant advances achieved in recent years, the development of efficient electrolyte additives to mitigate the performance degradation during long-term cycling of high-energy density lithium||nickel-rich (Li||Ni-rich) batteries remains a significant challenge. To achieve a rational design of electrolytes and avoid unnecessary waste of resources due to trial and error, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of key electrolyte components, including salts, solvents, and additives. Herein, we present the utilization of lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (B) (LiDFOB), a B-containing lithium salt, as a functional additive for Li||LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2 (NCM85) batteries, and comprehensively investigate its mechanism of action towards enhancing the stability of both anode and cathode interfaces. The preferential reduction and oxidation decomposition of DFOB- leads to the formation of a robust and highly electronically insulating boron-rich interfacial film on the surface of both the Li anode and NCM85 cathode. This film effectively suppresses the consumption of active lithium and the severe decomposition of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the presence of B elements in the cathode-electrolyte interfacial film, such as BF3, BF2OH, and BF2OBF2 compounds, can coordinate with the lattice oxygen of the cathode, forming strong coordination bonds. This can significantly alleviate lattice oxygen loss and mitigate detrimental structural degradation of the Ni-rich cathode. Consequently, the Li||NCM85 battery cycled in LiDFOB-containing electrolyte displays superior capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles, even at a high charge cut-off voltage of 4.6 V. The comprehensive analysis of the working mechanisms of LiDFOB offers valuable insights for the rational design of electrolytes featuring multifunctional lithium salts or additives for high energy density lithium metal batteries.
{"title":"Understanding of working mechanism of lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate in Li||NCM85 battery with enhanced cyclic stability","authors":"Xuerui Yang, Yaxin Huang, Jianhui Li, Weilin Huang, Wen Yang, Changquan Wu, Shijun Tang, F. Ren, Z. Gong, N. Zhou, Yong Yang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant advances achieved in recent years, the development of efficient electrolyte additives to mitigate the performance degradation during long-term cycling of high-energy density lithium||nickel-rich (Li||Ni-rich) batteries remains a significant challenge. To achieve a rational design of electrolytes and avoid unnecessary waste of resources due to trial and error, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of key electrolyte components, including salts, solvents, and additives. Herein, we present the utilization of lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (B) (LiDFOB), a B-containing lithium salt, as a functional additive for Li||LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2 (NCM85) batteries, and comprehensively investigate its mechanism of action towards enhancing the stability of both anode and cathode interfaces. The preferential reduction and oxidation decomposition of DFOB- leads to the formation of a robust and highly electronically insulating boron-rich interfacial film on the surface of both the Li anode and NCM85 cathode. This film effectively suppresses the consumption of active lithium and the severe decomposition of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the presence of B elements in the cathode-electrolyte interfacial film, such as BF3, BF2OH, and BF2OBF2 compounds, can coordinate with the lattice oxygen of the cathode, forming strong coordination bonds. This can significantly alleviate lattice oxygen loss and mitigate detrimental structural degradation of the Ni-rich cathode. Consequently, the Li||NCM85 battery cycled in LiDFOB-containing electrolyte displays superior capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles, even at a high charge cut-off voltage of 4.6 V. The comprehensive analysis of the working mechanisms of LiDFOB offers valuable insights for the rational design of electrolytes featuring multifunctional lithium salts or additives for high energy density lithium metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90388213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2022.77
{"title":"Progress in the high-temperature synthesis of atomically dispersed metal on carbon and understanding of their formation mechanism","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2022.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88670320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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