Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献_第3页

Plant community composition and traits modulate the impacts of drought intensity on soil microbial community composition and function 植物群落组成和性状调节干旱强度对土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109644

Natalie J. Oram , Fiona Brennan , Nadine Praeg , Richard D. Bardgett , Paul Illmer , Johannes Ingrisch , Michael Bahn

Terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly threatened by extreme drought events. Soil microbial communities are central to terrestrial ecosystem function via their role in regulating biogeochemical cycling. Consequently, the impact of increasingly intense drought events on soil microbial communities will have knock-on effects for how ecosystems cope with climate change. In an outdoor grassland mesocosm experiment, we determined how increasing drought intensity affects bacterial and fungal community composition, and functioning, during and after drought. We also tested whether plant community resource acquisition strategy (fast-versus slow-strategy plant communities), plant community composition, and plant functional traits mediate soil microbial responses to increasing drought intensity. We found that increasing drought intensity markedly shifted bacterial and fungal community composition, and these effects persisted until the end of the experiment (two months after re-wetting). Bacterial and fungal communities that experienced severe droughts did not return to baseline composition, while those that experienced a mild drought did. Microbial community functioning (potential extracellular enzyme activity) was reduced at peak drought and shortly after re-wetting. While drought intensity effects on bacterial or fungal communities were insensitive to plant community resource acquisition strategy, functional group abundance (aboveground biomass of grass or forb plant species) composition (grass:forb ratio) and leaf traits (leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen concentration) explained significant variation in bacterial and fungal community composition during and after drought. Notably, plant community leaf dry matter content and soil nitrogen were the key factors mediating the effect of increasing drought intensity on microbial indicator taxa (ASVs). We conclude that increasing drought intensity affects grassland soil microbial communities during and after drought, and this impact is influenced by plant community composition and functional traits.

陆地生态系统正日益受到极端干旱事件的威胁。土壤微生物群落在调节生物地球化学循环方面发挥着重要作用，是陆地生态系统功能的核心。因此，日益严重的干旱事件对土壤微生物群落的影响将对生态系统如何应对气候变化产生连锁反应。在室外草地中观实验中，我们确定了干旱强度的增加如何影响干旱期间和干旱后细菌和真菌群落的组成和功能。我们还测试了植物群落资源获取策略（快速策略植物群落与慢速策略植物群落）、植物群落组成和植物功能特征是否介导了土壤微生物对干旱强度增加的反应。我们发现，干旱强度的增加明显改变了细菌和真菌群落的组成，这些影响一直持续到实验结束（复湿后两个月）。经历过严重干旱的细菌和真菌群落没有恢复到基线组成，而经历过轻度干旱的群落则恢复到了基线组成。在干旱高峰期和复湿后不久，微生物群落的功能（潜在的胞外酶活性）都有所降低。虽然干旱强度对细菌或真菌群落的影响对植物群落资源获取策略不敏感，但功能群丰度（禾本科或草本植物物种的地上生物量）组成（禾本科与草本植物的比例）和叶片特征（叶片干物质含量和叶片氮浓度）解释了干旱期间和干旱后细菌和真菌群落组成的显著变化。值得注意的是，植物群落叶片干物质含量和土壤氮是介导干旱强度增加对微生物指示类群（ASVs）影响的关键因素。我们的结论是，干旱强度的增加会在干旱期间和之后影响草地土壤微生物群落，而这种影响受到植物群落组成和功能特征的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reduction of forest soil biota impacts tree performance but not greenhouse gas fluxes 森林土壤生物群的减少会影响树木的性能，但不会影响温室气体通量

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109643

Konstantinos Georgopoulos , T Martijn Bezemer , Jesper Riis Christiansen , Klaus Steenberg Larsen , Gina Moerman , Roos Vermeulen , Sten Anslan , Leho Tedersoo , Sofia IF. Gomes

Soil communities are essential to ecosystem functioning, yet the impact of reducing soil biota on root-associated communities, tree performance, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remains unclear. This study examines how different size fractions of soil biota from young and mature forests influence Alnus glutinosa performance, root-associated community composition, and GHG fluxes. We conducted a mesocosm experiment using soil community fractions (wet sieving through 250, 20, 11, and 3 μm) from young and mature forest developmental stages as inocula. The results indicate that the root-associated community composition was shaped by forest developmental stage but not by the size of the community fractions. Inoculation with the largest size fraction from mature forests negatively affected tree growth, likely due to increased competition between the plants and soil biota. In addition, GHG fluxes were not significantly impacted by either size fraction or forest developmental stage despite the different community composition supplied. Overall, our research indicates that A. glutinosa strongly selects the composition of the root-associated community, despite differences in the initial inoculum, and this composition varies depending on the stage of ecosystem development, impacting the performance of the trees but not GHG fluxes.

土壤生物群落对生态系统的功能至关重要，但土壤生物群落的减少对根系相关群落、树木性能和温室气体通量的影响仍不清楚。本研究探讨了幼林和成熟森林中不同大小的土壤生物群如何影响桤木（Alnus glutinosa）的表现、根相关群落组成和温室气体通量。我们使用幼林和成熟林发育阶段的土壤群落分馏物（湿筛分过 250、20、11 和 3 μm）作为接种物，进行了中观宇宙实验。结果表明，根相关群落的组成受森林发育阶段的影响，但与群落组分的大小无关。接种成熟森林中尺寸最大的部分会对树木生长产生负面影响，这可能是由于植物与土壤生物群之间的竞争加剧所致。此外，尽管提供的群落组成不同，但温室气体通量并没有受到群落大小或森林发育阶段的显著影响。总之，我们的研究表明，尽管初始接种物不同，但谷氨酰氨对根相关群落的组成有强烈的选择性，而且这种组成随生态系统发展阶段的不同而变化，会影响树木的表现，但不会影响温室气体通量。

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引用次数: 0

Natural seasonal freeze-thaw processes influenced soil quality in alpine grasslands: Insights from soil functions 自然季节性冻融过程对高山草地土壤质量的影响土壤功能的启示

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109642

Yuanhong Deng , Xiaoyan Li , Zhigang Wang , Fangzhong Shi , Shaojie Zhao , Guangrong Hu

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on nutrient cycling and microbial activity have been well documented in laboratory simulations; however, field evidence remains insufficient, and studies regarding their effects on soil quality index (SQI)—as evaluated by soil functions that are influenced by multiple soil properties—are scarce. Therefore, we conducted spatiotemporal paired soil profile surveys along a freeze-thaw intensity gradient covering six grassland types. Results are as follows: 1) After a seasonal freeze-thaw event, soil properties across the 0–80 cm profile changed by 0.96%–31.02% (physical), −34.29%–44.04% (chemical), and −70.46%–272.97% (biological), with change rates varying across soil layers. 2) A function-based framework was employed to assess SQI_0–30 under freeze-thaw conditions, and the reliability of the function indices and SQI_0–30 was validated. 3) Compared to pre-freezing levels, post-thawing water retention and regulation index changed negligibly (+5.31%), carbon sequestration index remained stable (+2.52%), and the primary productivity index declined noticeably (−9.43%). Conversely, the nutrient supply and cycling index increased notably (+23.89%) due to elevated total potassium, catalase activity, and urease activity. The biodiversity provision index improved substantially (+95.63%) owing to increased dissolved organic carbon. Collectively, the SQI_0–30 increased evidently by 11.78%. 4) These alterations were associated with different freeze-thaw indicators, and the daily freeze-thaw temperature difference at 0–10 cm during the “freezing→frozen→thawing” period explained 55% of the SQI_0–30 change, surpassing impacts of meteorological factors (precipitation, air temperature, and snow depth). Our study suggests that natural seasonal freeze-thaw events can raise alpine grassland soil quality, with varied functional responses. The identified soil indicators and functions sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles facilitate the research on seasonal dynamics of alpine grassland soil and its multi-objective management, and the quantitative relationships with freeze-thaw indicators provide new insights for regional soil mapping in frozen areas under climate change.

冻融循环对养分循环和微生物活动的影响已在实验室模拟中得到充分证明；然而，实地证据仍然不足，有关冻融循环对土壤质量指数（SQI）影响的研究也很少，而土壤质量指数是通过受多种土壤特性影响的土壤功能来评估的。因此，我们沿冻融强度梯度对六种草地类型的土壤剖面进行了时空配对调查。结果如下1）在季节性冻融事件后，0-80 厘米剖面的土壤属性变化了 0.96%-31.02%（物理）、-34.29%-44.04%（化学）和-70.46%-272.97%（生物），不同土层的变化率各不相同。2) 采用基于功能的框架评估冻融条件下的 SQI0-30，并验证了功能指数和 SQI0-30 的可靠性。3) 与冻融前相比，冻融后的水分保持和调节指数变化微小（+5.31%），固碳指数保持稳定（+2.52%），初级生产力指数明显下降（-9.43%）。相反，由于总钾、过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性的提高，养分供应和循环指数显著上升（+23.89%）。由于溶解有机碳的增加，生物多样性供应指数大幅提高（+95.63%）。总之，SQI0-30 明显提高了 11.78%。4) 这些变化与冻融过程有关，在 "冻结→冰冻→解冻 "期间，0-10 厘米处的日冻融温差解释了 55% 的 SQI0-30 变化，超过了气象因素（降水、气温和积雪深度）的影响。我们的研究表明，自然季节性冻融事件可提高高寒草地的土壤质量，并产生不同的功能反应。所确定的对冻融周期敏感的土壤指标和功能有助于研究高寒草原土壤的季节动态及其多目标管理，而与冻融指标的定量关系则为气候变化下冰冻地区的区域土壤制图提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The rhizosphere contributes disproportionately to free-living nitrogen fixation in subalpine forest soils 根圈对亚高山森林土壤中的自由固氮作用贡献过大

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109641

Min Li , Jipeng Wang , Na Li , Qitong Wang , Peipei Zhang , Qiuhong Feng , Huajun Yin

Root activity creates a unique microbial hotspot in the rhizosphere, profoundly regulating free-living nitrogen fixation (FLNF). However, empirical assessments of rhizosphere FLNF and its ecological consequences for nitrogen (N) budgets remain lacking, particularly for different root functional modules. Here, we separately collected rhizosphere soils attached to two root functional modules, absorptive roots and transport roots, and investigated the rates (¹⁵N₂ incorporation) and regulators of rhizosphere FLNF in a N-limited subalpine coniferous forest. The measured rates were further extrapolated to annual fluxes based on the volume of the rhizosphere and the relationship between FLNF rate and temperature. We found that absorptive roots drove significantly higher rhizosphere FLNF rates than did transport roots (12.2 vs. 7.5 ng N g⁻¹ d⁻¹), with both rhizosphere compartments exhibiting rates well exceeding those in the bulk soil (0.9 ng N g⁻¹ d⁻¹). The FLNF rates were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content but showed no significant relationship with the abundance or composition of the diazotrophic community. Moreover, when extrapolated to the ecosystem level the FLNF fluxes were 2-fold greater in the rhizosphere of absorptive roots than in that of transport roots (0.13 vs. 0.04 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Taken together, despite representing only 6.0% of the soil volume, the two rhizosphere compartments contributed as much as 47.2% to the total soil FLNF fluxes. Overall, we provide empirical evidence that despite its limited volume, the rhizosphere contributes disproportionately to the FLNF in subalpine forest soils. Our findings also underscore the critical role of root functional differentiation in regulating rhizosphere FLNF, which is essential for integrating this process into the ecosystem-level N cycle.

根系活动在根圈中形成了一个独特的微生物热点，对自由生活固氮（FLNF）产生了深远的影响。然而，对根圈自由固氮作用及其对氮（N）预算的生态影响的实证评估仍然缺乏，尤其是对不同根系功能模块的评估。在这里，我们分别采集了附着在两种根功能模块（吸收根和运输根）上的根瘤土壤，并研究了氮限制亚高山针叶林中根瘤FLNF的速率（15N2吸收）和调节因子。根据根圈体积以及FLNF速率与温度之间的关系，将测得的速率进一步推断为年通量。我们发现，吸收根驱动的根圈 FLNF 速率（12.2 纳克 N g-1 d-1 与 7.5 纳克 N g-1 d-1）明显高于运输根，两个根圈分区的速率都远远超过了块状土壤中的速率（0.9 纳克 N g-1 d-1）。FLNF速率与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关，但与重氮营养群落的丰度或组成无明显关系。此外，当推断到生态系统水平时，吸收根根圈中的 FLNF 通量是运输根根圈中的 2 倍（0.13 vs. 0.04 kg N ha-1 yr-1）。总之，尽管这两个根圈只占土壤体积的 6.0%，但对土壤 FLNF 通量的贡献却高达 47.2%。总之，我们提供的经验证据表明，尽管根圈的体积有限，但它对亚高山森林土壤中的 FLNF 的贡献却不成比例。我们的研究结果还强调了根系功能分化在调节根圈 FLNF 中的关键作用，这对于将这一过程纳入生态系统级氮循环至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen induced soil carbon gains are resistant to loss after the cessation of excess nitrogen inputs 氮引起的土壤碳增量在停止过量氮输入后不易流失

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109640

Emel Kangi , Joanna R. Ridgeway , Hannah D. DeHetre , Edward R. Brzostek

Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased soil carbon (C) storage across eastern US temperate forests by reducing microbial decomposition. However, the fate of these N-induced soil C gains are uncertain given strong declines in N-deposition rates and rising soil temperatures. As N deposition has reduced soil pH and plant C investments into the rhizosphere, we compared the extent to which removing limitations to microbial decomposition by increasing soil pH, adding artificial root exudates, or elevating soil temperature would increase microbial decomposition in soils that have and have not received excess N inputs. We hypothesized that alleviating these microbial decomposition limitations would prime soil C losses from soils that have received excess N inputs. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a soil microcosm experiment where we compared microbial respiration, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity in soils from an unfertilized watershed and a previously N-fertilized watershed 4 years after the end of a 30-year N deposition experiment at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. In both watersheds, we found that removing pH, plant carbon, or temperature limitations to decomposition stimulated microbial respiration. However, microbial decomposition and soil C losses were consistently lower in the previously N-fertilized watershed across all treatments. This response, coupled with a lack of differences in microbial biomass between watersheds and treatments, suggests that long-term N fertilization has fundamentally altered soil microbial communities and has led to a sustained impairment of the ability of the microbial community to decompose soil organic matter. Collectively, our results indicate that the legacy effect of N deposition on microbial communities may influence the persistence of soil C stocks in the face of global change.

氮（N）沉积通过减少微生物分解增加了美国东部温带森林的土壤碳（C）储存。然而，由于氮沉降率的大幅下降和土壤温度的升高，这些由氮引起的土壤碳增加的命运并不确定。由于氮沉积降低了土壤 pH 值，减少了植物对根圈的碳投资，因此我们比较了通过提高土壤 pH 值、添加人工根系渗出物或提高土壤温度来消除对微生物分解的限制，将在多大程度上增加氮输入过量和未输入过量的土壤中的微生物分解。我们假设，减轻这些微生物分解的限制将减少土壤中过量氮的流失。为了验证这一假设，我们在西弗吉尼亚州费尔诺实验森林进行了一项为期 30 年的氮沉积实验，实验结束 4 年后，我们对未施肥流域和之前施过氮肥流域的土壤中的微生物呼吸、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性进行了比较。我们发现，在这两个流域中，消除 pH 值、植物碳或温度对分解的限制都会刺激微生物呼吸。然而，在以前施过氮肥的流域，所有处理中的微生物分解和土壤碳损失都一直较低。这种反应，再加上不同流域和处理之间微生物生物量没有差异，表明长期施氮肥从根本上改变了土壤微生物群落，导致微生物群落分解土壤有机物的能力持续下降。总之，我们的研究结果表明，氮沉积对微生物群落的遗留效应可能会影响土壤碳储量在全球变化中的持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Warming increases CH4 emissions from rice paddies through shifts in methanogenic and methanotrophic communities 气候变暖通过甲烷发生群落和甲烷营养群落的变化增加稻田的甲烷排放量

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109639

Danmei Mo , Yunlong Liu , Min Li , Huixin Li , Jun Zhang , Haoyu Qian , Yanfeng Ding , Yu Jiang

Warming often stimulates methane (CH₄) emissions from rice paddies, one of the largest anthropogenic sources of CH₄ emissions. However, the responses of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities to warming, particularly within active communities, remain unclear. Therefore, based on a field warming experiment in a rice-wheat system, we investigated the effects of warming on methanogenic and methanotrophic communities, using the DNA stable-isotope probing technology. Our results indicated that warming increased CH₄ emissions by 27–49% over two rice growing seasons compared to ambient conditions. Warming significantly increased the abundance of methanogens by 53%, whereas did not affect activities of methanogens and active methanogenic community. Conversely, warming did not influence the abundance of methanotrophs, but reduced activities of methanotrophs by 44%. Notably, warming led to a significant rise in the relative abundance of the active type II methanotrophic community, which exhibits lower CH₄ oxidation efficiency. These findings suggest that the observed increase in CH₄ emissions under warming conditions is primarily driven by the enhanced abundance of methanogens and the increased presence of less efficient active type II methanotrophs. This study underscores the critical role of active microbial communities in understanding and managing CH₄ emissions from rice paddies in a warming world.

气候变暖通常会刺激稻田的甲烷（CH4）排放，而稻田是最大的人为甲烷排放源之一。然而，甲烷发生群落和甲烷营养群落对气候变暖的反应，尤其是在活跃群落中的反应，仍不清楚。因此，我们在水稻-小麦系统田间增温实验的基础上，利用DNA稳定同位素探测技术研究了增温对甲烷发生群落和甲烷营养群落的影响。结果表明，与环境条件相比，在两个水稻生长季中，气候变暖使甲烷排放量增加了 27-49%。气候变暖使甲烷菌的丰度明显增加了 58%，但并不影响甲烷菌的活性和活跃的甲烷菌群落。相反，气候变暖并不影响甲烷营养体的数量，但却使甲烷营养体的活动减少了 44%。值得注意的是，气候变暖导致活跃的 II 型甲烷营养群落的相对丰度显著上升，而 II 型甲烷营养群落的 CH4 氧化效率较低。这些发现表明，在气候变暖条件下观察到的CH4排放量增加主要是由甲烷菌的丰度增加和效率较低的活性II型甲烷营养体的增加所驱动的。这项研究强调了在气候变暖的世界中，活性微生物群落在了解和管理稻田甲烷排放中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent responses of soil glomalin and microbial necromass to precipitation reduction: New perspectives from soil aggregates and multi-trophic networks 土壤胶霉素和微生物坏死物对降水减少的不同反应：来自土壤聚集体和多营养网络的新视角

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109638

Xing Wang , Fang Chen , Jia Zeng , Zhengchen Wang , Yongzhong Feng , Xiaojiao Wang , Chengjie Ren , Gaihe Yang , Zekun Zhong , Xinhui Han

Global warming and increased drought are predicted to alter soil aggregation, biota composition, and carbon (C) balance. Microbial-derived C, such as microbial necromass C (MNC) and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP), are critical for soil organic carbon (SOC) stability. However, little is known about how climate change affects microbial-derived C within soil aggregates and its contribution to SOC. Here, we investigated the effects of 4-year warming (ca. 0.68 °C) and precipitation reduction (ca. −50% and −25%) on soil GRSP and MNC concentrations in semi-arid secondary grasslands and combined these results with a meta-analysis for GRSP. Results showed that warming increased MNC and its contribution to SOC, while precipitation reduction decreased MNC concentrations. Surprisingly, precipitation reduction increased GRSP concentrations and their contribution to SOC. Field experiments and meta-analysis also revealed that SOC and total nitrogen were negatively correlated with the C contribution of GRSP. Given the chemical recalcitrance of GRSP, this result may imply that the decrease in C and N content under precipitation reduction stimulates the formation of GRSP to enhance its subsequent protection of the SOC pool. Mechanistically, soil biota composition and its interactions dominated the variation in MNC between aggregates and climate change scenarios. The highest MNC concentrations in microaggregates may be attributed to higher fungal diversity, more stable multi-trophic networks, and weaker negative interactions across trophic levels. In addition, precipitation reduction significantly increased the abundance of modules in the multi-trophic network associated with SOC and MNC degradation, which were positively correlated with GRSP accumulation. These results suggest that climate change may regulate SOC dynamics by altering micro-food web structure in soil aggregates. Our study has direct implications for predicting the dynamics and stability of SOC fractions under future climate scenarios.

据预测，全球变暖和干旱加剧将改变土壤团聚、生物群组成和碳（C）平衡。微生物衍生的碳，如微生物坏死碳（MNC）和胶蛋白相关土壤蛋白质（GRSP），对土壤有机碳（SOC）的稳定性至关重要。然而，人们对气候变化如何影响土壤团聚体中的微生物衍生碳及其对 SOC 的贡献知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了 4 年气候变暖（约 0.68 °C）和降水减少（约 -50% 和 -25%）对半干旱次生草地土壤 GRSP 和 MNC 浓度的影响，并将这些结果与 GRSP 的荟萃分析相结合。结果表明，气候变暖增加了 MNC 及其对 SOC 的贡献，而降水减少则降低了 MNC 浓度。令人惊讶的是，降水量的减少增加了GRSP浓度及其对SOC的贡献。现场实验和荟萃分析还显示，SOC 和总氮与 GRSP 的碳贡献呈负相关。鉴于 GRSP 的化学脆性，这一结果可能意味着在降水减少的情况下，C 和 N 含量的减少会刺激 GRSP 的形成，从而加强其对 SOC 池的保护。从机理上讲，土壤生物群组成及其相互作用主导了不同聚集体和气候变化情景下 MNC 的变化。微团聚体中 MNC 浓度最高的原因可能是真菌多样性较高、多营养网络更稳定以及各营养级之间的负作用较弱。此外，降水量的减少显著增加了多营养网络中与 SOC 和 MNC 降解相关的模块的丰度，而这些模块与 GRSP 的积累呈正相关。这些结果表明，气候变化可能会通过改变土壤团聚体中的微食物网结构来调节SOC动态。我们的研究对预测未来气候情景下SOC组分的动态和稳定性有直接的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Positive plant diversity effects on soil detritivore feeding activity and stability increase with ecosystem age 植物多样性对土壤食腐动物取食活动和稳定性的积极影响随着生态系统年龄的增长而增加

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109637

Ana E. Bonato Asato , Anne Ebeling , Christian Wirth , Nico Eisenhauer , Jes Hines

Increasing species diversity frequently enhances ecosystem functioning - a pattern strengthened with ecosystem age. It has been suggested that strengthened responses over time may be due to community assembly processes and cumulative effects over the history of interactions between and among plant and soil communities. However, most soil studies are conducted with destructive one-time samplings, and little is known about how phenological patterns of soil activity change with biodiversity and ecosystem age. Here, we investigate phenology metrics related to soil detritivore feeding activity (i.e., duration, total magnitude, variability), measured via the bait-lamina method, in a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment that included an experimental removal of plant and soil history, resulting in older and younger assembled plant and soil communities. Detritivore feeding activity peaked in spring and/or early summer, with another short increase in fall. Increased plant species richness enhanced the total magnitude and variability (i.e., the coefficient of variation) of detritivore feeding activity. Plant and soil history enhanced the buffering effects of plant richness on variability, causing older plant and soil communities to have the strongest relationships between plant richness and stability. However, older plant and soil communities showed the shortest duration of detritivore feeding activity, and species richness was not important in changing activity duration. These findings underscore the importance of considering ecosystem age as a critical component that modifies plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning, with important implications for promoting ecosystem stability and resilience under environmental change.

物种多样性的增加经常会增强生态系统的功能--这种模式会随着生态系统年龄的增长而加强。有人认为，随着时间的推移，反应增强的原因可能是群落集结过程以及植物和土壤群落之间相互作用历史的累积效应。然而，大多数土壤研究都是通过破坏性的一次性采样进行的，人们对土壤活动的物候模式如何随着生物多样性和生态系统年龄的变化而变化知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了与土壤食肉动物取食活动有关的物候学指标（即持续时间、总幅度、变异性），这些指标是在一个长期的草地生物多样性实验中通过诱饵-拉米娜法测量的。食肉动物的取食活动在春季和/或初夏达到高峰，在秋季又有短暂的增加。植物物种丰富度的增加提高了食肉动物取食活动的总幅度和变异性（即变异系数）。植物和土壤的历史增强了植物丰富度对变异性的缓冲作用，使较老的植物和土壤群落在植物丰富度和稳定性之间具有最强的关系。然而，较老的植物和土壤群落的食蠹活动持续时间最短，物种丰富度对活动持续时间的改变并不重要。这些发现强调了将生态系统年龄视为改变植物多样性对生态系统功能影响的关键因素的重要性，对促进环境变化下生态系统的稳定性和恢复力具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

MiPrime: A model for the microbially mediated impacts of organic amendments on measurable soil organic carbon fractions and associated priming effects MiPrime：微生物介导的有机添加剂对可测量的土壤有机碳组分的影响及相关诱导效应模型

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109618

D.D. Kok , L. Scherer , W. de Vries , P.M. van Bodegom

Priming effects can influence the efficiency with which organic amendments sequester carbon in the soil. Yet, few soil models currently include priming effects. Those models that do are often based on operationally defined soil pools and implicitly allow only for positive priming effects. This limits the verification of model processes with experimental data and hinders the optimization of our carbon sequestration strategies. To address these shortcomings, we developed MiPrime, which offers a framework for the mechanistic modelling of organic amendment impacts on microbially mediated transformation of carbon fractions that are quantifiable through parsimonious soil extraction methods. MiPrime allows for assessment of organic amendment impacts on soil carbon dynamics, including priming effects, by simulating changes in mineralized, microbial biomass, dissolvable, hot water extractable and insoluble carbon fractions in soil exogenous (i.e. organic amendment-derived) and endogenous (i.e. soil) pools. After calibration of model parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to incubation data of three types of isotopically labelled roadside grasses (a fresh grass product, a compost thereof, and a Bokashi-fermented product thereof), MiPrime was able to simulate changes in carbon fractions of the soil with a good degree of accuracy for five compositionally complex organic amendments, namely the three types of roadside grasses, as well as non-isotopically labelled wood chips and water weeds and reeds. Validation of the model results with experimental data demonstrates that changes in total carbon were very well predicted but that there is room for improvement in predicting mineralization rates and changes in dissolvable, hot water extractable and insoluble carbon fractions in the soil endogenous pool. MiPrime thus offers an initial step towards the mechanistic modelling of organic amendment impacts on measurable soil carbon fractions and can operate as a new tool for designing effective carbon sequestration strategies and understanding organic amendment impacts.

引导效应会影响有机添加剂在土壤中固碳的效率。然而，目前很少有土壤模型包含启动效应。那些包含引诱效应的模型通常基于操作定义的土壤池，并且隐含地只允许正引诱效应。这就限制了模型过程与实验数据的验证，阻碍了我们固碳策略的优化。为了解决这些不足，我们开发了 MiPrime，它提供了一个框架，用于从机理上模拟有机改良剂对微生物介导的碳组分转化的影响，这些碳组分可通过简便的土壤提取方法进行量化。MiPrime 可通过模拟土壤外源（即有机改良剂衍生）和内源（即土壤）池中矿化碳、微生物生物量、可溶解碳、热水提取碳和不溶解碳组分的变化，评估有机改良剂对土壤碳动态的影响，包括启动效应。利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方法对三种同位素标记的路边草（一种鲜草产品、一种堆肥产品和一种 Bokashi 发酵产品）的培养数据进行模型参数校准后，MiPrime 能够非常准确地模拟五种成分复杂的有机改良剂（即三种路边草以及非同位素标记的木屑、水草和芦苇）在土壤中碳组分的变化。用实验数据对模型结果进行验证表明，总碳量的变化得到了很好的预测，但在预测矿化率以及土壤内源库中可溶解碳、热水提取碳和不溶解碳组分的变化方面仍有改进余地。因此，MiPrime 为建立有机改良剂对可测量土壤碳组分影响的机理模型迈出了第一步，可作为设计有效固碳战略和了解有机改良剂影响的新工具。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Plant phenology modulates and undersown cover crops mitigate N2O emissions” [Soil Biol. Biochem. 198 (2024) 109548] 对 "植物物候调节和播种不足的覆盖作物可减少一氧化二氮排放 "的更正[Soil Biol. Biochem. 198 (2024) 109548]

IF 9.8 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109625

Ezekiel K. Bore , Pauliina Turunen , Outi-Maaria Sietiö , Lukas Kohl , Markku I.K. Koskinen , Jussi Heinonsalo , Kristiina L. Karhu , Mari K. Pihlatie

引用次数: 0