An important aspect of breast cancer therapy is selection of drug targets in the proliferating cells. Only few studies have focused on spingoshine kinase1 (SphK1); a potential target present in the cancer cells to bind with drug molecules. The structure and physicochemical properties of SphK1 were retrieved. The information of top 12 anticancer drugs were collected from National Cancer Institute (NCI) database and considered as reference drugs based on their drug likeness properties. The drug likeness property values of these drugs are in the range of 0.001 to 2.33, -0.7 to 7.4, -2 to -5.5, 2 to 13, 1 to 6 and 33 to 205 respectively for water solubility, partition coefficient, molar solubility, hydrogen acceptor and donor counts and polar surface area. The values were compared with 15 experimental drugs which were taken from a published article. The range of drug likeness property values of both groups match with each other. SphK1 shows strong binding affinity to the experimental drugs in the range of -8.8 and -5.1. Herein, we describe an effective solution for treating breast cancer by targeting the tumor marker, SphK1.
{"title":"Sphingosine kinase 1, a potential drug target for breast cancer therapy in in silico models: A molecular docking verification","authors":"Prabhavathy Govindarajan, Sabarimanikandan Mahendran, Arul Doss Gunasekaran, Sundaramoorthy Marimuthu","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p416-422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p416-422","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of breast cancer therapy is selection of drug targets in the proliferating cells. Only few studies have focused on spingoshine kinase1 (SphK1); a potential target present in the cancer cells to bind with drug molecules. The structure and physicochemical properties of SphK1 were retrieved. The information of top 12 anticancer drugs were collected from National Cancer Institute (NCI) database and considered as reference drugs based on their drug likeness properties. The drug likeness property values of these drugs are in the range of 0.001 to 2.33, -0.7 to 7.4, -2 to -5.5, 2 to 13, 1 to 6 and 33 to 205 respectively for water solubility, partition coefficient, molar solubility, hydrogen acceptor and donor counts and polar surface area. The values were compared with 15 experimental drugs which were taken from a published article. The range of drug likeness property values of both groups match with each other. SphK1 shows strong binding affinity to the experimental drugs in the range of -8.8 and -5.1. Herein, we describe an effective solution for treating breast cancer by targeting the tumor marker, SphK1.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of nanotechnology for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract can be a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods. Products of biological origin have less side effects, thus are safe for human health besides being cost-effective and pollution-free. Keeping in view this, the current work was designed for the environment- friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilising Isodon coetsa acetone leaf extract. The effect of some important variables including incubation time, pH, AgNO3 concentration, temperature and volume of plant extract were examined for the optimum production of AgNPs. Synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the antibacterial potential of nanoparticles was also determined by agar-well diffusion method. The optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs achieved after 24 h of incubation at pH 9.0, 2mM AgNO3, 60°C temperature, and using 10% I. coetsa leaf extract. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that the size of the strongest peak for AgNPs was 9.5 nm, while atomic force microscopy confirmed their spherical shape with smooth surface without any pinholes or cracks. AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The current study has contributed to the development of a simple and fast bioprocess for the synthesis of AgNPs of the appropriate size and form which also have increased antibacterial activity in comparison to crude extract. Therefore, the process of biogenically synthesised AgNPs from plants is a straightforward, commercially feasible, and environmentally benign approach that can be used in disease control while utilizing their important role as therapeutic agent for treating various ailments caused by pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Increased antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Isodon coetsa","authors":"Kalpana Thakur, Mamta Devi, Deeksha Kumari, Sunil Jaswal, Shikha Devi, Maneesha Kohli, Manish Kumar Sharma, Aakash Kashyap, Arvind Kumar Bhatt","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p423-433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p423-433","url":null,"abstract":"Application of nanotechnology for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract can be a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods. Products of biological origin have less side effects, thus are safe for human health besides being cost-effective and pollution-free. Keeping in view this, the current work was designed for the environment- friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilising Isodon coetsa acetone leaf extract. The effect of some important variables including incubation time, pH, AgNO3 concentration, temperature and volume of plant extract were examined for the optimum production of AgNPs. Synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the antibacterial potential of nanoparticles was also determined by agar-well diffusion method. The optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs achieved after 24 h of incubation at pH 9.0, 2mM AgNO3, 60°C temperature, and using 10% I. coetsa leaf extract. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that the size of the strongest peak for AgNPs was 9.5 nm, while atomic force microscopy confirmed their spherical shape with smooth surface without any pinholes or cracks. AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The current study has contributed to the development of a simple and fast bioprocess for the synthesis of AgNPs of the appropriate size and form which also have increased antibacterial activity in comparison to crude extract. Therefore, the process of biogenically synthesised AgNPs from plants is a straightforward, commercially feasible, and environmentally benign approach that can be used in disease control while utilizing their important role as therapeutic agent for treating various ailments caused by pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p407-415
Nancy Sikodia, Dr. Bindu Battan, Sulekha Chahal, Jitender Sharma
Medicinal plant extracts obtained by chemical methods have drawbacks such as high chemical, time and energy consumption, byproduct formation, lower quality and efficiency, high toxicity and lead to degradation of thermo-sensitive bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes concoction in bio-extraction of medicinally important plant extracts, in order to reduce the use of chemical solvents for extraction. In this regard, various conditions including material to liquid ratio (MLR), enzyme dose, treatment time and stirring speed were optimized and several physico-chemical parameters including pH, total soluble solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), clarity, reducing sugar, polyphenolic content, viscosity and filterability were studied. The bio-extraction efficiency was found to be best at material-to-liquid ratio (MLR) 1:5-1:6 (g/mL), enzyme dose range between 15:60 to 20:80 (IU/g), treatment time range between 180- 240 min and stirring speed range between 50-60 rpm. Enzymatic extraction of medicinal plants resulted in 7-17% increase in clarity, 27-50% increase in TSS, 3-42% increase in reducing sugars, 20-42% increase in polyphenolic content, 13-53% increase in TDS, 15-22% increase in filterability along with decrease of 3-5% in pH and 18-43% in viscosity. Hence, this eco-friendly bio-extraction strategy could reduce the chemical usage, along with improvement of the physico-chemical properties of medicinally important extracts. The technique also enables the application of greener chemistry in the pharmaceuticals to optimize cleaner methods of extraction. This is the first report manifesting bio-extraction of medicinally important plant extracts using crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymatic concoction produced by a single bacterial isolate.
{"title":"Enhanced bio-extraction of medicinally important plants using xylano-pectinolytic enzymes produced concurrently by Bacillus pumilus AJK","authors":"Nancy Sikodia, Dr. Bindu Battan, Sulekha Chahal, Jitender Sharma","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p407-415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p407-415","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plant extracts obtained by chemical methods have drawbacks such as high chemical, time and energy consumption, byproduct formation, lower quality and efficiency, high toxicity and lead to degradation of thermo-sensitive bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymes concoction in bio-extraction of medicinally important plant extracts, in order to reduce the use of chemical solvents for extraction. In this regard, various conditions including material to liquid ratio (MLR), enzyme dose, treatment time and stirring speed were optimized and several physico-chemical parameters including pH, total soluble solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), clarity, reducing sugar, polyphenolic content, viscosity and filterability were studied. The bio-extraction efficiency was found to be best at material-to-liquid ratio (MLR) 1:5-1:6 (g/mL), enzyme dose range between 15:60 to 20:80 (IU/g), treatment time range between 180- 240 min and stirring speed range between 50-60 rpm. Enzymatic extraction of medicinal plants resulted in 7-17% increase in clarity, 27-50% increase in TSS, 3-42% increase in reducing sugars, 20-42% increase in polyphenolic content, 13-53% increase in TDS, 15-22% increase in filterability along with decrease of 3-5% in pH and 18-43% in viscosity. Hence, this eco-friendly bio-extraction strategy could reduce the chemical usage, along with improvement of the physico-chemical properties of medicinally important extracts. The technique also enables the application of greener chemistry in the pharmaceuticals to optimize cleaner methods of extraction. This is the first report manifesting bio-extraction of medicinally important plant extracts using crude xylano-pectinolytic enzymatic concoction produced by a single bacterial isolate.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants can be used in the development of new drugs in addition to serving as an indigenous source of new compounds with beneficial effects. The medicinal plants and their parts constitute an important wealth. They play a significant role in healthcare services. The main objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Extraction was carried out by cold percolation method. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and resazurin dye method against various pathogenic isolates. Antioxidant activity of most effective extract was measured by DPPH and hydrogen peroxide method. Among all the extracts, acetone extract of D. viscosa showed highest activity against B. cereus (24.12±0.94 mm at 40 μl) followed by S. aureus (18.78±0.59 mm) and S. flexneri (17.50±0.50 mm). The lowest concentration required to inhibit the growth of B. cereus was 0.1562 mg/100μl. Phytochemical analysis of most effective acetone extract of D. viscosa revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. D. viscosa acetone extract showed highest DPPH scavenging activity i.e. 80.81±0.24% at a concentration of 300 μg/ml of plant extract. The results indicated that the crude extracts of D. viscosa have a effective antimicrobial potential that provide a source for development of new drug which may be used for the medicinal purposes. Further studies are required to purify the responsible biochemical constituents of important plant materials and also to characterize so as to explore their potential fully.
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Dodonaea viscosa Plant extracts against selected pathogenic isolates","authors":"Mamta Pundeer, Kalpana Thakur, Deeksha Kumari, Sunil Jaswal, Manish Kumar Sharma, Ajay Chanjta, Aakash Kashyap, Arvind Kumar Bhatt","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p443-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p443-450","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants can be used in the development of new drugs in addition to serving as an indigenous source of new compounds with beneficial effects. The medicinal plants and their parts constitute an important wealth. They play a significant role in healthcare services. The main objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Extraction was carried out by cold percolation method. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and resazurin dye method against various pathogenic isolates. Antioxidant activity of most effective extract was measured by DPPH and hydrogen peroxide method. Among all the extracts, acetone extract of D. viscosa showed highest activity against B. cereus (24.12±0.94 mm at 40 μl) followed by S. aureus (18.78±0.59 mm) and S. flexneri (17.50±0.50 mm). The lowest concentration required to inhibit the growth of B. cereus was 0.1562 mg/100μl. Phytochemical analysis of most effective acetone extract of D. viscosa revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. D. viscosa acetone extract showed highest DPPH scavenging activity i.e. 80.81±0.24% at a concentration of 300 μg/ml of plant extract. The results indicated that the crude extracts of D. viscosa have a effective antimicrobial potential that provide a source for development of new drug which may be used for the medicinal purposes. Further studies are required to purify the responsible biochemical constituents of important plant materials and also to characterize so as to explore their potential fully.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kidney stone formation and recurring urinary tract infection (UTIs) are common among the general population. An alternative herbal treatment potential was investigated in this study. This study aims to investigate anti-urolithiasis efficacy of herbal Tribulus terrestris (TT) plant leaf extract in reducing the growth of calcium oxalate and struvite crystal using in vitro methods. In vitro antiurolithiatic potential of TT leaf extract was studied using nucleation, aggregation, and crystal formation assays in synthetic media and in synthetic urine samples. In vitro antiurolithiasis potential of Tribulus terrestris (TT) plant leaf extract was investigated at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 μg/ml. Initially, the principal phytochemical constituents of TT methanolic leaf extract was examined. Then antibacterial properties of TT plant leaf extract were tested against common urinary tract pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results of the nucleation assay revealed that TT leaf extract reduced up to 55% of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization and inhibits struvite crystal formation up to 85% with 5% (0.43 g) of TT extract. This study revealed a dose-dependent suppression of crystal formation by increased TT plant leaf extract dosage. The antibacterial activity of TT plant leaf extract is greater against E. coli than S. aureus. This anti-urolithiasis potential of TT plant extract can be used as an antidote for individuals who are prone to urinary crystal formation as well as to control urinary tract infections.
{"title":"Inhibitory Potential of Tribulus terrestris on Calcium Oxalate Crystals, Struvite Crystals and Bacterial Pathogens: A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"Vignesh Senguttuvan, Sourav Roy, Vijayalakshmidevi Raghuraman, Anju","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p434-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p434-442","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney stone formation and recurring urinary tract infection (UTIs) are common among the general population. An alternative herbal treatment potential was investigated in this study. This study aims to investigate anti-urolithiasis efficacy of herbal Tribulus terrestris (TT) plant leaf extract in reducing the growth of calcium oxalate and struvite crystal using in vitro methods. In vitro antiurolithiatic potential of TT leaf extract was studied using nucleation, aggregation, and crystal formation assays in synthetic media and in synthetic urine samples. In vitro antiurolithiasis potential of Tribulus terrestris (TT) plant leaf extract was investigated at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 μg/ml. Initially, the principal phytochemical constituents of TT methanolic leaf extract was examined. Then antibacterial properties of TT plant leaf extract were tested against common urinary tract pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results of the nucleation assay revealed that TT leaf extract reduced up to 55% of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization and inhibits struvite crystal formation up to 85% with 5% (0.43 g) of TT extract. This study revealed a dose-dependent suppression of crystal formation by increased TT plant leaf extract dosage. The antibacterial activity of TT plant leaf extract is greater against E. coli than S. aureus. This anti-urolithiasis potential of TT plant extract can be used as an antidote for individuals who are prone to urinary crystal formation as well as to control urinary tract infections.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"27 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p400-406
Jayanta Kumar Sahu, Sanjiv Kumar Dash, S. Dash, Shubham Pradhan, Bijayananda Sahoo, S. Parida, Biswajit Rath
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and are reservoir of bioactive compounds having substantial antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. They serve as a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites, holding great potential for various pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Nostoc punctiforme, a filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium predominant in the rice fields of Lakhanpur (Bargarh District), Odisha. The heterocystous cyanobacteria was collected from rice field and identified by means of morphological and molecular approach (Nostoc punctiforme Jbr02). Subsequently, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was assayed using acetone, methanol, and benzene extract. The cyanobacterial extracts established important antimicrobial actions against bacterial and fungal pathogens with significant MIC values from 62.5 to 500 μg/ml. The methanolic extract displayed better inhibitory activities against both V. Cholerae and P. verrucosun with the MIC value 62.5μg/ml while no such activity was recorded in benzene extract against B. subtilis, A. niger and F. oxysporum pathogens. The antioxidant study, depicted that the methanolic extract showed relatively higher antiradical activity of IC50 542±0.012 μg/ml among the three solvents. The Ferric reducing assay result was also maximum in methanolic extract (0.478±0.78) as compared to benzene and acetone extract. These findings infer that Nostoc punctiforme has potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, unveiling its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Thus, N. punctiforme in specific and cyanobacteria in general are one of the most promising candidates for commercial applications.
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and molecular study of Nostoc punctiforme isolated from the rice field","authors":"Jayanta Kumar Sahu, Sanjiv Kumar Dash, S. Dash, Shubham Pradhan, Bijayananda Sahoo, S. Parida, Biswajit Rath","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p400-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(6).p400-406","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and are reservoir of bioactive compounds having substantial antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. They serve as a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites, holding great potential for various pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Nostoc punctiforme, a filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium predominant in the rice fields of Lakhanpur (Bargarh District), Odisha. The heterocystous cyanobacteria was collected from rice field and identified by means of morphological and molecular approach (Nostoc punctiforme Jbr02). Subsequently, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was assayed using acetone, methanol, and benzene extract. The cyanobacterial extracts established important antimicrobial actions against bacterial and fungal pathogens with significant MIC values from 62.5 to 500 μg/ml. The methanolic extract displayed better inhibitory activities against both V. Cholerae and P. verrucosun with the MIC value 62.5μg/ml while no such activity was recorded in benzene extract against B. subtilis, A. niger and F. oxysporum pathogens. The antioxidant study, depicted that the methanolic extract showed relatively higher antiradical activity of IC50 542±0.012 μg/ml among the three solvents. The Ferric reducing assay result was also maximum in methanolic extract (0.478±0.78) as compared to benzene and acetone extract. These findings infer that Nostoc punctiforme has potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, unveiling its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Thus, N. punctiforme in specific and cyanobacteria in general are one of the most promising candidates for commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(5).p392-399
D. Pradhan, G. Dash, TJ Abraham, D. Mukherjee, Koel Bhattacharya Sanyal, Pritikana Datta
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), an intracellular microsporidian parasite, has been reported in cultivated Penaeus vannamei infected with white faecal syndrome (WFS) in south-east Asian shrimp producing countries. The appearance of white faecal strings floating on the surface of the ponds indicates a severe microsporidian infection. In the present study suspected shrimps and floating faecal strings were collected from culture ponds of study area located in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal. This study aims to unveil the presence of microsporidians in hepatopancreas and associated histopathological changes in it using light and scanning electron microscopy, and microsporidian identification by nested PCR. Microscopic study revealed the presence of oval-shaped microsporidian spores in the hepatopancreas and nested PCR study confirmed that these spores belong to E. hepatopenaei. The spores isolated from the floating faecal strings exhibited similar morphology with those found in hepatopancreas. Histopathology of the hepatopancreas of WFS-affected shrimp exhibited alterations in hepatopancreatic tissues along with haemocytic infiltration into the inter-tubular spaces and evidence of necrosis, vacuolation and degeneration. The findings from the nested PCR analysis indicated a total of 18 positive results (69.23%) out of 26 samples studied. WFS infection can be considered a gastrointestinal disorder caused by severe EHP infection, which is significant in the grow-out ponds in the regions under study.
{"title":"Study of microsporidians in white faecal syndrome affected farmed shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Boone, 1931 of West Bengal, India","authors":"D. Pradhan, G. Dash, TJ Abraham, D. Mukherjee, Koel Bhattacharya Sanyal, Pritikana Datta","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(5).p392-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(5).p392-399","url":null,"abstract":"Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), an intracellular microsporidian parasite, has been reported in cultivated Penaeus vannamei infected with white faecal syndrome (WFS) in south-east Asian shrimp producing countries. The appearance of white faecal strings floating on the surface of the ponds indicates a severe microsporidian infection. In the present study suspected shrimps and floating faecal strings were collected from culture ponds of study area located in Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal. This study aims to unveil the presence of microsporidians in hepatopancreas and associated histopathological changes in it using light and scanning electron microscopy, and microsporidian identification by nested PCR. Microscopic study revealed the presence of oval-shaped microsporidian spores in the hepatopancreas and nested PCR study confirmed that these spores belong to E. hepatopenaei. The spores isolated from the floating faecal strings exhibited similar morphology with those found in hepatopancreas. Histopathology of the hepatopancreas of WFS-affected shrimp exhibited alterations in hepatopancreatic tissues along with haemocytic infiltration into the inter-tubular spaces and evidence of necrosis, vacuolation and degeneration. The findings from the nested PCR analysis indicated a total of 18 positive results (69.23%) out of 26 samples studied. WFS infection can be considered a gastrointestinal disorder caused by severe EHP infection, which is significant in the grow-out ponds in the regions under study.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foraging behavior is increasingly seen as an integral component in maintaining connectivity within habitat structure. Daily patterns in the foraging behavior of birds are assumed to balance the counteracting starvation, risks of predation and mate choice in breeding season in song-birds. Present study is the first investigation of the data on foraging patterns assemblage of population of Indian robin (Copshychus fulicatus L.), belongs to Semi-urban climate in Himalayan foothills. Foraging rate were found higher in male Indian robin in breeding season than non-breeding season because they need more energy to sing to attract female in breeding season, while female forage almost equal in both the season. Slight variation were found in foraging rate in morning and evening for both the sexes, evening have little more edges. This study also has significant value to study the effect of increasing urbanization on foraging, as need of recent research of ornithologist for sub- population, sub- species and species conservation.
{"title":"Risk of mate selection: Force driving to higher foraging rate in semi urban climate in Himalayan foot hills","authors":"Garima Singh, Kalpana Chaudhary, Sachin Kumar, Gaurav Sharma","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p277-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p277-282","url":null,"abstract":"Foraging behavior is increasingly seen as an integral component in maintaining connectivity within habitat structure. Daily patterns in the foraging behavior of birds are assumed to balance the counteracting starvation, risks of predation and mate choice in breeding season in song-birds. Present study is the first investigation of the data on foraging patterns assemblage of population of Indian robin (Copshychus fulicatus L.), belongs to Semi-urban climate in Himalayan foothills. Foraging rate were found higher in male Indian robin in breeding season than non-breeding season because they need more energy to sing to attract female in breeding season, while female forage almost equal in both the season. Slight variation were found in foraging rate in morning and evening for both the sexes, evening have little more edges. This study also has significant value to study the effect of increasing urbanization on foraging, as need of recent research of ornithologist for sub- population, sub- species and species conservation.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p328-333
Djamel Kalafat, Hassini Tsaki
Appropriate disposal of huge amount of sewage sludge generated in urban areas pose a serious threat to the environment. The urban wastewater treatment sludge has the potential as mineral organic amendment strategy in th fight against wind erosion through planting of Retama monosperma in Algeria. In the present study, the sewage sludge was sampled at the Bousfer –Oran wastewater treatment plant, and amended with different cultivation substrates. Further, its influence on the growth of young R. monosperma, plants, with an aim to replant them at sandy littoral deposits. The preliminary results of our work showed that the replanting of young Retamaplants in the substrate formed by a mixture of mud and limestone showed improved growth compared to the fourteen other substrates tested, from the point of view of structure, texture and fertilizing abilities.The sample of a mixture of clay and mud had a compact structure for the seeds to germinate. However, the growth of young plants transplanted into the latter was found to be improved giving an acceptable result considering the contributions of this organic amendment.
{"title":"Effect of application of urban sewage sludge as organic amendment on germination and growth of Retama monospermain Oran region of Algeria","authors":"Djamel Kalafat, Hassini Tsaki","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p328-333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p328-333","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate disposal of huge amount of sewage sludge generated in urban areas pose a serious threat to the environment. The urban wastewater treatment sludge has the potential as mineral organic amendment strategy in th fight against wind erosion through planting of Retama monosperma in Algeria. In the present study, the sewage sludge was sampled at the Bousfer –Oran wastewater treatment plant, and amended with different cultivation substrates. Further, its influence on the growth of young R. monosperma, plants, with an aim to replant them at sandy littoral deposits. The preliminary results of our work showed that the replanting of young Retamaplants in the substrate formed by a mixture of mud and limestone showed improved growth compared to the fourteen other substrates tested, from the point of view of structure, texture and fertilizing abilities.The sample of a mixture of clay and mud had a compact structure for the seeds to germinate. However, the growth of young plants transplanted into the latter was found to be improved giving an acceptable result considering the contributions of this organic amendment.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trifolium pratense L., commonly known as red clover, is a dicotyledonous allogamous diploid plant. It is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemo-preventive and anti-spasmodic capabilities among other medicinal properties. Studies have indicated that it is extremely beneficial in managing postmenopausal symptoms and has a positive role to play in moderating rheumatoid arthritis. Products obtained from the plant, specifically phytoestrogens, are being explored for their role in cognitive therapeutics. It is also being studied as a potential cure for cancers, such as breast cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed the genomic details of Trifolium and its possible applications in the field of medicine. Phytoestrogens, their mechanism of action, isoflavones and their biosynthetic pathway along with factors affecting isoflavone concentration are also reviewed. Thus, this review summarizes the existing literature about the phytoestrogens of T. pratense and their potential use for human health and the gaps in this information. Future prospects have been enumerated to guide further research on phytoestrogens of T. pratense.
{"title":"Phytoestrogens of Trifolium pratense L. as therapeutics: A review","authors":"Madhu Bajaj, Saloni Bahri, Somdutta Sinha Roy, Shambhavi Krishna, Samriddhi Chaturvedi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p252-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p252-262","url":null,"abstract":"Trifolium pratense L., commonly known as red clover, is a dicotyledonous allogamous diploid plant. It is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemo-preventive and anti-spasmodic capabilities among other medicinal properties. Studies have indicated that it is extremely beneficial in managing postmenopausal symptoms and has a positive role to play in moderating rheumatoid arthritis. Products obtained from the plant, specifically phytoestrogens, are being explored for their role in cognitive therapeutics. It is also being studied as a potential cure for cancers, such as breast cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed the genomic details of Trifolium and its possible applications in the field of medicine. Phytoestrogens, their mechanism of action, isoflavones and their biosynthetic pathway along with factors affecting isoflavone concentration are also reviewed. Thus, this review summarizes the existing literature about the phytoestrogens of T. pratense and their potential use for human health and the gaps in this information. Future prospects have been enumerated to guide further research on phytoestrogens of T. pratense.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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