Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p853-861
Fatima Zahra Hassani, A. Moussaoui, Sarra Ghalem
Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a natural plant that often grows in tropical regions such as North and West Africa. In order to valorize this aromatic plant from southern Algeria, we were interested in the chemical characterization of its essential oil by GC(Ir), GC-MS, and 13C NMR, and in the determination of the antifungal activity of its essential oil against toxinogenic strains isolated from spices sold in bulk. The detailed chemical analysis of all the parts of the plant collected from the station of El aguid of Bechar allowed to identify 48 components The composition was dominated by various alkohols bearing thep-menthane skeleton : cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (22.3%), trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (10.2%), cis-piperitol (10.1%) and trans-piperitol (5.3%). Monoterpenes hydrocarbons were representedby δ-2-carene (16.0%) and limonene (4.7%).β-elemol (4.8%) was the main oxygenated sesquiterpene followed by juniper camphor(2.6%), β-eudesmol (1.9%), selina-6-en-4α-ol(1.9%), intermedeol (1.4%) and α-eudesmol(1.3%). However in the second part of our study the essential oil of C. schoenanthus showed good activity towards Aspergillus fumigatus and AspergIllus flavus with inhibition zone diameters of 29.5mm and 23mm while the activity was lower towards Penicillium sp with a diameter of 11mm. The result of activity towards the toxic strain Penicillium sp has never been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the chemical characterization of the essential oil of the plant is the first one made on the station of el aguid of Bechar.
{"title":"Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Cymbopogon schoenanthus harvested in Béchar region, Algeria","authors":"Fatima Zahra Hassani, A. Moussaoui, Sarra Ghalem","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p853-861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p853-861","url":null,"abstract":"Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a natural plant that often grows in tropical regions such as North and West Africa. In order to valorize this aromatic plant from southern Algeria, we were interested in the chemical characterization of its essential oil by GC(Ir), GC-MS, and 13C NMR, and in the determination of the antifungal activity of its essential oil against toxinogenic strains isolated from spices sold in bulk. The detailed chemical analysis of all the parts of the plant collected from the station of El aguid of Bechar allowed to identify 48 components The composition was dominated by various alkohols bearing thep-menthane skeleton : cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (22.3%), trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (10.2%), cis-piperitol (10.1%) and trans-piperitol (5.3%). Monoterpenes hydrocarbons were representedby δ-2-carene (16.0%) and limonene (4.7%).β-elemol (4.8%) was the main oxygenated sesquiterpene followed by juniper camphor(2.6%), β-eudesmol (1.9%), selina-6-en-4α-ol(1.9%), intermedeol (1.4%) and α-eudesmol(1.3%). However in the second part of our study the essential oil of C. schoenanthus showed good activity towards Aspergillus fumigatus and AspergIllus flavus with inhibition zone diameters of 29.5mm and 23mm while the activity was lower towards Penicillium sp with a diameter of 11mm. The result of activity towards the toxic strain Penicillium sp has never been reported in the literature. On the other hand, the chemical characterization of the essential oil of the plant is the first one made on the station of el aguid of Bechar.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78463791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the dairy industry has undergone an enormous evaluation in technologically advanced countries. The exploitation of this kind is however very limited in some other countries such as Algeria. This limitation concerns the diversity of products present on the market but also the number of strains introduced in dairy products, this is related to the constraints posed by LAB. To isolate new probiotic strains, samples of cow's milk were subjected to spontaneous fermentation to enrich its LAB. 21 lactic acid isolates active against four pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria were selected from sixty-one isolated LAB, and only ten strains were selected showing considerable adhesive capacities. Indeed, they have moderate to high levels of hydrophobicity. They can all auto-aggregate with percentages ≥85.86 ± 0.59%. The power to co-aggregate with 4 pathogenic strains differs from strain to strain. Thus, strains C2, H9, V5, and L7 showed different percentage levels of 56.06 ± 0.36%, 32.33 ± 0.63%, 22.60 ± 079%, and 6.55 ± 0.20% against B. cereus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli respectively. They were all resistant to the acidity of the stomach environment and have a good tolerance to 0.3% and 0.5% bile salts. All isolates were able to grow at 0.4% phenols after exposure for 24 h. Only our lactic acid bacteria V1 and V8 showed resistance after exposure to pepsin at pH =2 and all strains at pH =3. The results obtained are interesting which makes our strains presumed probiotic, they can play an important role in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
{"title":"Evaluation of the probiotic potential of lactic strains isolated from cow's milk","authors":"Aicha Chadli, Fouad Mekhalef Benhafsa, Abdelghani Bouchama, Zakaria Ameur","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p820-833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p820-833","url":null,"abstract":"The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the dairy industry has undergone an enormous evaluation in technologically advanced countries. The exploitation of this kind is however very limited in some other countries such as Algeria. This limitation concerns the diversity of products present on the market but also the number of strains introduced in dairy products, this is related to the constraints posed by LAB. To isolate new probiotic strains, samples of cow's milk were subjected to spontaneous fermentation to enrich its LAB. 21 lactic acid isolates active against four pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria were selected from sixty-one isolated LAB, and only ten strains were selected showing considerable adhesive capacities. Indeed, they have moderate to high levels of hydrophobicity. They can all auto-aggregate with percentages ≥85.86 ± 0.59%. The power to co-aggregate with 4 pathogenic strains differs from strain to strain. Thus, strains C2, H9, V5, and L7 showed different percentage levels of 56.06 ± 0.36%, 32.33 ± 0.63%, 22.60 ± 079%, and 6.55 ± 0.20% against B. cereus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli respectively. They were all resistant to the acidity of the stomach environment and have a good tolerance to 0.3% and 0.5% bile salts. All isolates were able to grow at 0.4% phenols after exposure for 24 h. Only our lactic acid bacteria V1 and V8 showed resistance after exposure to pepsin at pH =2 and all strains at pH =3. The results obtained are interesting which makes our strains presumed probiotic, they can play an important role in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86180316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p846-852
Balasaheb U. Kale, M. Bhale
The genus Cordia L. is a medicinally important taxon. Cordia sinensis Lam., which is endemic to the Western Ghats of India, is a potential medicinal plant and is presumed to have similar biochemical activities. Since the species is consumed mainly in crude form, it is difficult to establish the identity based on only mature leaf and stem characters. A significant study has been carried out to authenticate the identity of the Cordia genus based on foliar anatomical characters. The anatomical sections of a leaf transverse section and petiole transverse section of the species were observed under the bright-field compound microscope, and observations were documented. Though the diagrammatic outline of the leaf sections is similar, detailed anatomical characters are significantly different. The structure and number of the trichomes are observed abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaves. The trichomes were also found to be valuable characters for identification. In the case of leaf, the number and arrangement of vascular bundles, arrangement of collenchyma at the lower epidermis, palisade cells, and distribution of storage cells are the major characteristics to differentiate other species of Cordia. During the study, we also observed the detailed characters of the cuticular layer, trichomes, and stomatal characters. Rananculious type stomata and the presence of cystoliths in the basal cell of the trichome are the common characteristics observed in the studied species. Based on the preliminary study, the species can be differentiated based only on foliar anatomical characters.
{"title":"Micromorphological study of Cordia sinensis Lam. from the Northern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Balasaheb U. Kale, M. Bhale","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p846-852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p846-852","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Cordia L. is a medicinally important taxon. Cordia sinensis Lam., which is endemic to the Western Ghats of India, is a potential medicinal plant and is presumed to have similar biochemical activities. Since the species is consumed mainly in crude form, it is difficult to establish the identity based on only mature leaf and stem characters. A significant study has been carried out to authenticate the identity of the Cordia genus based on foliar anatomical characters. The anatomical sections of a leaf transverse section and petiole transverse section of the species were observed under the bright-field compound microscope, and observations were documented. Though the diagrammatic outline of the leaf sections is similar, detailed anatomical characters are significantly different. The structure and number of the trichomes are observed abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaves. The trichomes were also found to be valuable characters for identification. In the case of leaf, the number and arrangement of vascular bundles, arrangement of collenchyma at the lower epidermis, palisade cells, and distribution of storage cells are the major characteristics to differentiate other species of Cordia. During the study, we also observed the detailed characters of the cuticular layer, trichomes, and stomatal characters. Rananculious type stomata and the presence of cystoliths in the basal cell of the trichome are the common characteristics observed in the studied species. Based on the preliminary study, the species can be differentiated based only on foliar anatomical characters.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89411419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p745-757
Shraddha Asthana, Manoharan Shankar, Preeti
Antibiotic resistance is and has been a prominent obstacle prior to the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the inability to efficiently treat the newly discovered coronavirus disease and the rise of bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients, the consumption of antibiotics increased drastically. Although the COVID-19 situation has somewhat contributed to reducing the spread of infections, the increment in antibiotic resistance is still a significant consequence. This emergence of increased rates is a global issue. The purpose of this review is to study the trend of antibiotic resistance before and since the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, China, India, Russia, and The United States of America. It was found that the most troublesome pathogens with the highest resistance rates in Brazil were Acinetobacter spp. The said bacterium species had developed peak resistance against meropenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin. Also, China had incredibly susceptible pathogens resistant towards macrolides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides; however, not much change was witnessed in the resistance rates of several pathogens. In India, increased usage of azithromycin led to the emergence of macrolide resistance among various bacterial pathogens, whereas the perpetual usage of doxycycline had not yet resulted in any tetracycline resistance. Although, the occurrence of fungal infections had enlarged, causing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis more frequent among the Indian population. While commonly present pathogens in Russia were extremely resistant to most antibiotic classes, Acinetobacter baumannii was the chief resistant bacterium reported. The United States of America was recognized with concentrated resistance against vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing antibiotics. This alarming rate of growing antibiotic resistance in world’s battle with COVID-19 is indeed a matter of concern.
{"title":"Confronting trends of antibiotic resistance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: insight from five worst hit countries","authors":"Shraddha Asthana, Manoharan Shankar, Preeti","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p745-757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p745-757","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is and has been a prominent obstacle prior to the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the inability to efficiently treat the newly discovered coronavirus disease and the rise of bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients, the consumption of antibiotics increased drastically. Although the COVID-19 situation has somewhat contributed to reducing the spread of infections, the increment in antibiotic resistance is still a significant consequence. This emergence of increased rates is a global issue. The purpose of this review is to study the trend of antibiotic resistance before and since the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, China, India, Russia, and The United States of America. It was found that the most troublesome pathogens with the highest resistance rates in Brazil were Acinetobacter spp. The said bacterium species had developed peak resistance against meropenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin. Also, China had incredibly susceptible pathogens resistant towards macrolides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides; however, not much change was witnessed in the resistance rates of several pathogens. In India, increased usage of azithromycin led to the emergence of macrolide resistance among various bacterial pathogens, whereas the perpetual usage of doxycycline had not yet resulted in any tetracycline resistance. Although, the occurrence of fungal infections had enlarged, causing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis more frequent among the Indian population. While commonly present pathogens in Russia were extremely resistant to most antibiotic classes, Acinetobacter baumannii was the chief resistant bacterium reported. The United States of America was recognized with concentrated resistance against vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing antibiotics. This alarming rate of growing antibiotic resistance in world’s battle with COVID-19 is indeed a matter of concern.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87405918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p767-773
Dinesh Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, AKIL KHAN
The seeds of Sapindus marginatus are commonly called as Ritha (Soapnuts) and belong to Sapindaceae family. Soapnuts are being considered and used major commercial ingredient in cosmetics, detergents as well as in many other products. Further, the various parts of S. marginatus are well known for their medicinal properties. Therefore, we sought to analyse chemical constituents present in the seeds of S. marginatus by GC-MS. The seeds were processed for oil extraction by Soxhlet extraction technique using the solvent as petroleum ether at 60 ͦC -80 ͦC, around twenty two percent oil was recovered from seeds sample. In findings more than 40 compounds were found. Among which six main monounsaturated compounds have been discussed according to their retention time (RT), %age of peak area, molecular formula and molecular weight. Moreover, GC-MS study revealed the presence of cis-Vaccenic acid (C18:1), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (C18:1), trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (C18:1) at RT 22.18 and its peak area 40.48 %. These compounds were present in high amounts whereas cis-13-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1), cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and cis-10-Nonadecenoic acid (C19:1) at RT 23.56 and peak area 7.74 were present in low amounts in seed oil. These are prominent components present in the seed oil. Further, these compounds have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hypercholesterolemic activity etc. Therefore, we conclude that the seeds of S. marginatus can be used for medicinal purposes.
{"title":"GC-MS analysis of Sapindus marginatus seed extract in petroleum ether","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, AKIL KHAN","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p767-773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p767-773","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds of Sapindus marginatus are commonly called as Ritha (Soapnuts) and belong to Sapindaceae family. Soapnuts are being considered and used major commercial ingredient in cosmetics, detergents as well as in many other products. Further, the various parts of S. marginatus are well known for their medicinal properties. Therefore, we sought to analyse chemical constituents present in the seeds of S. marginatus by GC-MS. The seeds were processed for oil extraction by Soxhlet extraction technique using the solvent as petroleum ether at 60 ͦC -80 ͦC, around twenty two percent oil was recovered from seeds sample. In findings more than 40 compounds were found. Among which six main monounsaturated compounds have been discussed according to their retention time (RT), %age of peak area, molecular formula and molecular weight. Moreover, GC-MS study revealed the presence of cis-Vaccenic acid (C18:1), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (C18:1), trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (C18:1) at RT 22.18 and its peak area 40.48 %. These compounds were present in high amounts whereas cis-13-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1), cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and cis-10-Nonadecenoic acid (C19:1) at RT 23.56 and peak area 7.74 were present in low amounts in seed oil. These are prominent components present in the seed oil. Further, these compounds have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hypercholesterolemic activity etc. Therefore, we conclude that the seeds of S. marginatus can be used for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81531637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p725-734
Atiqa Kherbache, F. Youcefi, M. Zerrouki, Achref Cherifi
The solubilization of chitosan is a very important parameter for its use in various fields. The ash content of chitosan is an important parameter because it can affect its solubility and viscosity, as well as other important characteristics. The objective of the present study is to optimize the demineralization step in the production of chitosan, using a fractional factorial experimental design, where the concentration of Hcl, the reaction time, the temperature, the size particles and the solid-liquid ratio varied. The results showed that a quadratic model was suggested for the demineralization yield and the ash rate showing high accuracy with R2 = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The developed models indicated a significant effect of the five studied factors except the temperature (B), and the solid-liquid ratio (E) have insignificant effects on the reaction yield. Optimal selectivity was 39.77% and 0.14% for yield and ash content respectively, reached for HCl concentration of 2N, reaction time of 0.5 h, reaction temperature of 50° C, a solid/liquid ratio (1/10 g/l) and a particle size of 1 mm. In conclusion, the conditions optimized for the demineralization process could be used for the industrial scale production of chitin for agricultural, biomedical and biotechnological purposes.
{"title":"Optimization of chitin demineralization from shrimp shells waste by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","authors":"Atiqa Kherbache, F. Youcefi, M. Zerrouki, Achref Cherifi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p725-734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p725-734","url":null,"abstract":"The solubilization of chitosan is a very important parameter for its use in various fields. The ash content of chitosan is an important parameter because it can affect its solubility and viscosity, as well as other important characteristics. The objective of the present study is to optimize the demineralization step in the production of chitosan, using a fractional factorial experimental design, where the concentration of Hcl, the reaction time, the temperature, the size particles and the solid-liquid ratio varied. The results showed that a quadratic model was suggested for the demineralization yield and the ash rate showing high accuracy with R2 = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The developed models indicated a significant effect of the five studied factors except the temperature (B), and the solid-liquid ratio (E) have insignificant effects on the reaction yield. Optimal selectivity was 39.77% and 0.14% for yield and ash content respectively, reached for HCl concentration of 2N, reaction time of 0.5 h, reaction temperature of 50° C, a solid/liquid ratio (1/10 g/l) and a particle size of 1 mm. In conclusion, the conditions optimized for the demineralization process could be used for the industrial scale production of chitin for agricultural, biomedical and biotechnological purposes.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79073751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p774-781
Karima Bouassaba, Benmakhlouf Zoubida
Salinity soil causes a constant threat to the survival of vegetable crops, particularly tomatoes and sweet pepper. Thus, choosing adaptive or saline-bearing items is the best solution. The aim of this study was to know the mechanism of adaptation and sensitivity to saline stress during the seedling phase. So, we designed two experiments for two types of sweet pepper vegetables Capsicum annuum L. variety Marconi and tomatoes Lycopersicum esculentum M. variety Berner rose treated with three different saline concentrations 2.5-5-10 g/l of NaCl in addition to the witness. After the seedlings reached the seven-sheets stage, an anatomical study was conducted on the stems of these two species to determine the effect of saline stress on the anatomical composition of the stems. After coloring the sections with double coloring, the samples were observed. The layers thickness was measured with a special camera type OPTICA Vision Lite 2.1 (2009) which was connected to a photomicroscope and a computer. Stems microscopic study demonstrated that salinity stress significantly decreased epidermal layer, hypodermal, pericycl, vascular cambium and pith area. In addition to an increase in the endodermal layers and the cells size in general, the lack or absence of space between cells, especially in high salt concentration (10 g/l) was also noticed. The present observations indicate tested tomato variety exhibited a resistant behavior compared to the sweet pepper plant, which exhibited a semi-sensitive behavior.
盐碱化的土壤对蔬菜作物的生存造成持续的威胁，尤其是西红柿和甜椒。因此，选择适应性强或含盐的物品是最好的解决方案。本研究的目的是了解苗期对盐胁迫的适应和敏感性机制。为此，我们设计了两种甜椒蔬菜(Capsicum annuum l .)品种马可尼(Marconi)和番茄(Lycopersicum esculentum M.)品种伯纳玫瑰(Berner rose)在3种不同盐浓度(2.5 ~ 5 ~ 10 g/l) NaCl的基础上进行试验。幼苗发育到7片期后，对这两种植物的茎进行了解剖研究，以确定盐胁迫对茎解剖组成的影响。用双色染色切片后，观察样品。层厚测量用一种特殊的相机OPTICA Vision Lite 2.1(2009)连接到一个显微显微镜和一台计算机。茎显微研究表明，盐胁迫显著减少了表皮层、下皮层、周皮层、维管形成层和髓面积。除了内胚层和细胞大小普遍增加外，还注意到细胞之间缺乏或没有空间，特别是在高盐浓度(10 g/l)时。目前的观察结果表明，与甜椒表现出半敏感行为相比，被试番茄品种表现出抗性行为。
{"title":"Effect of salt stress on anatomical features of Lycopersicum esculentum M. and Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"Karima Bouassaba, Benmakhlouf Zoubida","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p774-781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p774-781","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity soil causes a constant threat to the survival of vegetable crops, particularly tomatoes and sweet pepper. Thus, choosing adaptive or saline-bearing items is the best solution. The aim of this study was to know the mechanism of adaptation and sensitivity to saline stress during the seedling phase. So, we designed two experiments for two types of sweet pepper vegetables Capsicum annuum L. variety Marconi and tomatoes Lycopersicum esculentum M. variety Berner rose treated with three different saline concentrations 2.5-5-10 g/l of NaCl in addition to the witness. After the seedlings reached the seven-sheets stage, an anatomical study was conducted on the stems of these two species to determine the effect of saline stress on the anatomical composition of the stems. After coloring the sections with double coloring, the samples were observed. The layers thickness was measured with a special camera type OPTICA Vision Lite 2.1 (2009) which was connected to a photomicroscope and a computer. Stems microscopic study demonstrated that salinity stress significantly decreased epidermal layer, hypodermal, pericycl, vascular cambium and pith area. In addition to an increase in the endodermal layers and the cells size in general, the lack or absence of space between cells, especially in high salt concentration (10 g/l) was also noticed. The present observations indicate tested tomato variety exhibited a resistant behavior compared to the sweet pepper plant, which exhibited a semi-sensitive behavior.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81703427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p758-766
Amina Zergoug, Abla Belaidi, Chaimaa Belhadj
Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus have the ability of forming biofilms and are prominent causes of medical device and implant-related infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated from bladder catheters to produce biofilms. Conventional microbiological techniques were used to identify 26 and 24 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively, from catheters retrieved from different services (Internal Medicine, Medical and surgical emergency, Postoperative, ENT, Traumatology, Surgery, and Maternity) of public establishment of Medea (Algeria). These strains were evaluated for biofilm development using a microtiter plate assay. According to the CRA test, 69.23% of P.aeruginosa strains and 41.66% of S.aureus strains were likely to create slime, indicating biofilm-producing bacteria. TCP method demonstrated that 30.76% of P. aeruginosa and 41.66% of S. aureus isolates had the potential to create slime. In contrast, no biofilm was developed when povidone was present. It is essential to test for biofilm formation in response to an external limitation, such as antiseptics and antibiotics, so as to create novel strategies for combating bacterial biofilms and better controlling their formation.
{"title":"Assessment of in vitro biofilm forming by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bladder catheters of hospitalized patients in Medea (Algeria) and efficacy of antiseptics and antibiotics as antibacterial agents","authors":"Amina Zergoug, Abla Belaidi, Chaimaa Belhadj","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p758-766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p758-766","url":null,"abstract":"Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus have the ability of forming biofilms and are prominent causes of medical device and implant-related infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated from bladder catheters to produce biofilms. Conventional microbiological techniques were used to identify 26 and 24 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively, from catheters retrieved from different services (Internal Medicine, Medical and surgical emergency, Postoperative, ENT, Traumatology, Surgery, and Maternity) of public establishment of Medea (Algeria). These strains were evaluated for biofilm development using a microtiter plate assay. According to the CRA test, 69.23% of P.aeruginosa strains and 41.66% of S.aureus strains were likely to create slime, indicating biofilm-producing bacteria. TCP method demonstrated that 30.76% of P. aeruginosa and 41.66% of S. aureus isolates had the potential to create slime. In contrast, no biofilm was developed when povidone was present. It is essential to test for biofilm formation in response to an external limitation, such as antiseptics and antibiotics, so as to create novel strategies for combating bacterial biofilms and better controlling their formation.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76335735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p735-744
Hamdouche Nadira, O. Benslama, A. Benbott, C. Mosbah, Haoua Daoui, Liela Chbilli, Rabeh ARHAB
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) is a widely used plant in Algeria traditional medicine to treat painful diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the Anacyclus pyrethrum L. roots (AP) in Westar Albino rats. In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The aqueous and ethanol root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum at a concentration of 200 mg/kg was orally administered to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical study showed that the extraction yield of ethanol and aqueous extracts was estimated at 10% and 9.3%, respectively. In addition, the study showed that the roots of AP are rich in phenolic and flavonoids compounds. Whereas, the ethanolic extract includes more polyphenol than the aqueous one (10.077 μgEAG/mg and 9.106 μg EAG/mg, respectively). The pharmacological study showed that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts had an antioxidant activity of 4.84 mg/mL and 5.71mg /mL, respectively. The short and medium-term of glucose tolerance tests showed a significant reduction effect on diabetic rats for the ethanolic extract. The results also showed a significant decrease in blood sugar (1.72g /L ± 2.23), cholesterol (0.58 g/L ± 0.47), triglycerides (0.39 g/L ± 0.47), uric acid (15.33 g/L ± 7.59), urea (0.68 g/L ± 0.80), TGP(165.33 U/L ± 39.85), and TGO enzymes (167.66 U/L± 41.14). The results of this study revealed that the extract of AP root possesses a reduction capacity of the proportion of blood sugar, which justifies its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes.
{"title":"Study of the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. roots","authors":"Hamdouche Nadira, O. Benslama, A. Benbott, C. Mosbah, Haoua Daoui, Liela Chbilli, Rabeh ARHAB","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p735-744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p735-744","url":null,"abstract":"Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) is a widely used plant in Algeria traditional medicine to treat painful diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the Anacyclus pyrethrum L. roots (AP) in Westar Albino rats. In vitro antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The aqueous and ethanol root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum at a concentration of 200 mg/kg was orally administered to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical study showed that the extraction yield of ethanol and aqueous extracts was estimated at 10% and 9.3%, respectively. In addition, the study showed that the roots of AP are rich in phenolic and flavonoids compounds. Whereas, the ethanolic extract includes more polyphenol than the aqueous one (10.077 μgEAG/mg and 9.106 μg EAG/mg, respectively). The pharmacological study showed that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts had an antioxidant activity of 4.84 mg/mL and 5.71mg /mL, respectively. The short and medium-term of glucose tolerance tests showed a significant reduction effect on diabetic rats for the ethanolic extract. The results also showed a significant decrease in blood sugar (1.72g /L ± 2.23), cholesterol (0.58 g/L ± 0.47), triglycerides (0.39 g/L ± 0.47), uric acid (15.33 g/L ± 7.59), urea (0.68 g/L ± 0.80), TGP(165.33 U/L ± 39.85), and TGO enzymes (167.66 U/L± 41.14). The results of this study revealed that the extract of AP root possesses a reduction capacity of the proportion of blood sugar, which justifies its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88468515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p661-670
Wafa Cheniti, Nacer Amraoui, Imene Roumili, K. Abdelouhab, N. Charef, A. Baghiani, L. Arrar
Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean shrub widely used in traditional herbal medicine. This medicinal plant possesses several biological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. The present study aims to assess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Algerian C. spinosa methanolic extracts from leaves (LME), stems (SME) and fruits (FME). Determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins was carried out using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan induced paw edema (CIPE), xylene (XIEE) and croton oil-induced ear edema (CIEE) models. The results showed that LME contains the highest concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. This extract also showed the highest reducing power (EC50= 32.83 ± 0.57 μg/ml), and scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC50 = 30.51 ± 1.86 μg/ml and 11.93± 0.08 μg/ml, respectively), whilst the preventing of β-carotene bleaching was strong and similar for the three studied extracts. Unlike stem, both leaf and fruit exerted anti-edematous effect on all studied models. In conclusion, these results confirmed that C. spinosa parts possess different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects related to their content in polyphenol and/or flavonoid contents, and justify the wide traditional use of this plant. Extracts of C. spinosa can serve as a good source of phytoconstituents used as drugs to treat inflammatory illness.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of different parts of Algerian caper (Capparis spinosa) on animal models","authors":"Wafa Cheniti, Nacer Amraoui, Imene Roumili, K. Abdelouhab, N. Charef, A. Baghiani, L. Arrar","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p661-670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p661-670","url":null,"abstract":"Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean shrub widely used in traditional herbal medicine. This medicinal plant possesses several biological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. The present study aims to assess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Algerian C. spinosa methanolic extracts from leaves (LME), stems (SME) and fruits (FME). Determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins was carried out using colorimetric methods. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan induced paw edema (CIPE), xylene (XIEE) and croton oil-induced ear edema (CIEE) models. The results showed that LME contains the highest concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. This extract also showed the highest reducing power (EC50= 32.83 ± 0.57 μg/ml), and scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC50 = 30.51 ± 1.86 μg/ml and 11.93± 0.08 μg/ml, respectively), whilst the preventing of β-carotene bleaching was strong and similar for the three studied extracts. Unlike stem, both leaf and fruit exerted anti-edematous effect on all studied models. In conclusion, these results confirmed that C. spinosa parts possess different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects related to their content in polyphenol and/or flavonoid contents, and justify the wide traditional use of this plant. Extracts of C. spinosa can serve as a good source of phytoconstituents used as drugs to treat inflammatory illness.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"74 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72638573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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