Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p269-276
B. Bindhani, Joydeep Das
Malathion, one of the oldest and probably most widely used organophosphate insecticides worldwide, is used to prevent ectoparasite insects on fruits and vegetables, mainly on agricultural crops. Our study was designed to observe the effects of malathion on some enzymes like catalase and glutathione, on some hormones like folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and testosterone, on Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) like MMP1, MMP2, and on blood cells in rats. We had used some techniques like spectrophotometry to study catalase and glutathione activity. ELISA for FSH, LH, and testosterone activity studies; protein zymography for MMP activity and haemocytometry for total and differential counts of blood cells It was observed that all hormones and enzymes expression was decreased, as was the total and differential count of blood cells. But in the case of MMP activity, both MMP1 and MMP2 expression were considerably increased under the effect of malathion. As most of the agricultural crops and fruits are consumed by humans, and as both rats and humans share one-fourth of the human genome, this study could help with research on the effects of malathion in the environment as well as on the restriction or dosage estimation for malathion use in both ecological and agricultural aspects.
{"title":"Effect of Malathion (Organophosphate) on Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Blood Cell Count and Reproductive Hormones as well as Ros Level of Male Rat","authors":"B. Bindhani, Joydeep Das","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p269-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p269-276","url":null,"abstract":"Malathion, one of the oldest and probably most widely used organophosphate insecticides worldwide, is used to prevent ectoparasite insects on fruits and vegetables, mainly on agricultural crops. Our study was designed to observe the effects of malathion on some enzymes like catalase and glutathione, on some hormones like folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and testosterone, on Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) like MMP1, MMP2, and on blood cells in rats. We had used some techniques like spectrophotometry to study catalase and glutathione activity. ELISA for FSH, LH, and testosterone activity studies; protein zymography for MMP activity and haemocytometry for total and differential counts of blood cells It was observed that all hormones and enzymes expression was decreased, as was the total and differential count of blood cells. But in the case of MMP activity, both MMP1 and MMP2 expression were considerably increased under the effect of malathion. As most of the agricultural crops and fruits are consumed by humans, and as both rats and humans share one-fourth of the human genome, this study could help with research on the effects of malathion in the environment as well as on the restriction or dosage estimation for malathion use in both ecological and agricultural aspects.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p307-327
Suvajit Dey, Atindra Karar
Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary and has a diverse role in different aspects of amphibian life - in courtship, reproduction, larval development and in other physiological functions. The expression of PRL receptor mRNA is reported in skin, gill, liver, gut, kidney, gonads and many other organs of different groups of amphibians. PRL stimulates growth and inhibits the metamorphosis of larvae of several species of amphibians. PRL causes seasonal changes in sex accessory structures and secondary sexual characteristics. PRL affects metabolic regulation and suggests phylogenic conservation of its receptors. Plasma PRL concentration changes during the annual reproductive cycle in many amphibians. In courtship behavior of newt, PRL also induces the synthesis of the newt courtship pheromones. PRL acts on skin and its function is also associated with water drive in amphibians. PRL causes water retention in amphibians. PRL acts centrally or peripherally to induce the courtship behavior. The key goal of the paper is to understand the roles of PRL in various aspect of amphibian life, like in aspects of morphology, behaviour, physiological functions and how PRL interfere amphibian life in presence and absence of other chemical and biological factors.
催乳素（PRL）是垂体前叶的一种蛋白激素，在两栖动物生活的不同方面--求偶、繁殖、幼虫发育和其他生理功能--起着多种作用。据报道，PRL 受体 mRNA 在皮肤、鳃、肝脏、肠道、肾脏、性腺和两栖动物不同类群的许多其他器官中都有表达。PRL 可刺激多种两栖动物幼体的生长并抑制其变态。PRL 会引起性附属结构和第二性征的季节性变化。PRL 影响新陈代谢的调节，并表明其受体的系统发育保持不变。在许多两栖动物的年度生殖周期中，血浆 PRL 浓度会发生变化。在蝾螈的求偶行为中，PRL还能诱导蝾螈求偶信息素的合成。PRL 作用于皮肤，其功能也与两栖动物的水驱动有关。PRL 会导致两栖动物的水潴留。PRL通过中枢或外周作用诱导求偶行为。本文的主要目的是了解 PRL 在两栖动物生活的各个方面的作用，如在形态、行为、生理功能等方面的作用，以及 PRL 在有其他化学和生物因素或没有其他化学和生物因素的情况下如何干扰两栖动物的生活。
{"title":"Regulatory effects of prolactin in amphibians","authors":"Suvajit Dey, Atindra Karar","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p307-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p307-327","url":null,"abstract":"Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary and has a diverse role in different aspects of amphibian life - in courtship, reproduction, larval development and in other physiological functions. The expression of PRL receptor mRNA is reported in skin, gill, liver, gut, kidney, gonads and many other organs of different groups of amphibians. PRL stimulates growth and inhibits the metamorphosis of larvae of several species of amphibians. PRL causes seasonal changes in sex accessory structures and secondary sexual characteristics. PRL affects metabolic regulation and suggests phylogenic conservation of its receptors. Plasma PRL concentration changes during the annual reproductive cycle in many amphibians. In courtship behavior of newt, PRL also induces the synthesis of the newt courtship pheromones. PRL acts on skin and its function is also associated with water drive in amphibians. PRL causes water retention in amphibians. PRL acts centrally or peripherally to induce the courtship behavior. The key goal of the paper is to understand the roles of PRL in various aspect of amphibian life, like in aspects of morphology, behaviour, physiological functions and how PRL interfere amphibian life in presence and absence of other chemical and biological factors.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p283-288
M. Mathew, Abraham Mathew
Bryophytes are remarkable group of terrestrial plants that have several adaptations against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are a hoard of metabolites that provide protection against microbes and herbivores. Mostly bryophytes remain untouched by insect larvae as evident from the intact thallus. This can be attributed to the antifeedant compounds present in bryophytes. The current study aims at elucidating the various volatile compounds present in the petroleum ether extract of Notothylas indica and to determine the possible compounds that provide antifeedant properties. Altogether 154 compounds have been detected by GC MS analysis. 25 compounds showed a similarity of above 80 % with the NIST library and hence are evaluated for possible antifeedant activities. Insect/larval deterrent activity in N. indica may be due to compounds like 2-ethylnaphthalene, caryophyllene, phytol, beta-ionine, tridecane, undecane, tridecene. Since diverse chemicals are present in the extract with potential novelties, there are probabilities of more antifeedant compounds. Segregation and characterization of these chemicals can pave way for documentation of novel chemicals that can be used as antifeedants, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides in controlling pest.
{"title":"GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether extract of Notothylas indica Kashyap for detecting compounds with antifeedant properties","authors":"M. Mathew, Abraham Mathew","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p283-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p283-288","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophytes are remarkable group of terrestrial plants that have several adaptations against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are a hoard of metabolites that provide protection against microbes and herbivores. Mostly bryophytes remain untouched by insect larvae as evident from the intact thallus. This can be attributed to the antifeedant compounds present in bryophytes. The current study aims at elucidating the various volatile compounds present in the petroleum ether extract of Notothylas indica and to determine the possible compounds that provide antifeedant properties. Altogether 154 compounds have been detected by GC MS analysis. 25 compounds showed a similarity of above 80 % with the NIST library and hence are evaluated for possible antifeedant activities. Insect/larval deterrent activity in N. indica may be due to compounds like 2-ethylnaphthalene, caryophyllene, phytol, beta-ionine, tridecane, undecane, tridecene. Since diverse chemicals are present in the extract with potential novelties, there are probabilities of more antifeedant compounds. Segregation and characterization of these chemicals can pave way for documentation of novel chemicals that can be used as antifeedants, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides in controlling pest.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p289-296
Pratibha Narzary, Nelson Basumatary, Heikham Dayami, B. Khangembam
The use of certain plant species in traditional fishing for their piscicidal or stupefying effect is widespread among many fishing communities in northeast India. Plant poisoning is one such traditional method for fishing practised in the Chirang district of Assam in northeast India. This paper identifies six different species of plants (Polygonum hydropiper, Spilanthes paniculate, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alistonia scholaris, Albizia procera, Ageratum conyzoides) belonging to four different families (Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae) which are used as natural poison for capturing fishes in the study area. Maximum number of species (50%) was recorded in family Asteraceae while the remaining families recorded one species each. The most common mode of application was in the form of a grounded paste or an aqueous extract while in some cases the raw plant itself were used. All of these plant toxins were reported to probably affect the swimming and respiration of the fish on application. However, detail mechanism of their toxic action needs to be evaluated fully. This study has identified some potent natural piscicidal plants which may be further investigated for widespread application in aquaculture and allied industry.
{"title":"Ethnobotanically important plants with piscicidal properties used for traditional fishing in Chirang district of Assam, Northeast India","authors":"Pratibha Narzary, Nelson Basumatary, Heikham Dayami, B. Khangembam","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p289-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p289-296","url":null,"abstract":"The use of certain plant species in traditional fishing for their piscicidal or stupefying effect is widespread among many fishing communities in northeast India. Plant poisoning is one such traditional method for fishing practised in the Chirang district of Assam in northeast India. This paper identifies six different species of plants (Polygonum hydropiper, Spilanthes paniculate, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alistonia scholaris, Albizia procera, Ageratum conyzoides) belonging to four different families (Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae) which are used as natural poison for capturing fishes in the study area. Maximum number of species (50%) was recorded in family Asteraceae while the remaining families recorded one species each. The most common mode of application was in the form of a grounded paste or an aqueous extract while in some cases the raw plant itself were used. All of these plant toxins were reported to probably affect the swimming and respiration of the fish on application. However, detail mechanism of their toxic action needs to be evaluated fully. This study has identified some potent natural piscicidal plants which may be further investigated for widespread application in aquaculture and allied industry.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p297-306
Surabhi Ambastha, L. Sharan
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pres. is a member of the Fabaceae family. In the DPPH antioxidant assay ethanol excerpts of August plant leaves scavenge more free radicals at volumes of 5 to 20 µl i.e., 16.33%, 19.88%, 23.07% & 27.59% as compared to other two solvents such as acetone and water. In the CUPRAC antioxidant assay ethanol excerpts also scavenge more free radicals at concentrations of 2, 3 4 and 5 µg/1000µl i.e., 5.15%, 8.68%, 13.82% & 17.17 as compare to the other two solvents such as acetone and water. In GC-MS analysis 42 compounds are pointed out by chromatogram image. Out of 42 compounds 15 compound are antioxidant in nature such as 1-Tetradecene, 1-HEXADECENE, 1-OCTADECENE, 1-Nonadecene, Phytol, DOCOSANE, 1-HYDROXY-2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3-(1-PIPERIDINY, Pentatriacontane, 1-Heptacosanol, Stigmasterol, 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, 24-methylene-, (3.beta.)-, Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, .alpha.-Tocospiro B & Squalene which justify these plant leaves are antioxidant in nature. 8 antimicrobial compounds; 1-Tetradecene, 1-HEXADECENE, 8-Pentadecanone, 1-Nonadecene, DOCOSANE, Squalene, n-Hexadecanoic acid & Heneicosane, 5 anti-inflammatory compound; Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, .alpha.-Tocospiro B & Stigmasterol, 4 anticancer compound; 1-OCTADECENE, Vitamin E, .gamma.-Sitosterol & Squalene, 1 anti-neuropathic cholesterolytic compound: MOME INOSITOL, 2 antitumor compound; .beta.-Amyrin & .alpha.-Amyrin and 4 antidiabetic compound; .gamma.-Sitosterol, Vitamin E , .alpha.-Tocospiro B & 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, 24-methylene-, (3.beta.)- are also identified which shows these plant is immense potential to make an individual place on medical science for production of plant based medicine. The main manifesto of this investigation is to find out Phyto-therapeutic antioxidant which has extreme benefits and limited or no side effects.
{"title":"In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pres. Leaves","authors":"Surabhi Ambastha, L. Sharan","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p297-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p297-306","url":null,"abstract":"Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pres. is a member of the Fabaceae family. In the DPPH antioxidant assay ethanol excerpts of August plant leaves scavenge more free radicals at volumes of 5 to 20 µl i.e., 16.33%, 19.88%, 23.07% & 27.59% as compared to other two solvents such as acetone and water. In the CUPRAC antioxidant assay ethanol excerpts also scavenge more free radicals at concentrations of 2, 3 4 and 5 µg/1000µl i.e., 5.15%, 8.68%, 13.82% & 17.17 as compare to the other two solvents such as acetone and water. In GC-MS analysis 42 compounds are pointed out by chromatogram image. Out of 42 compounds 15 compound are antioxidant in nature such as 1-Tetradecene, 1-HEXADECENE, 1-OCTADECENE, 1-Nonadecene, Phytol, DOCOSANE, 1-HYDROXY-2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3-(1-PIPERIDINY, Pentatriacontane, 1-Heptacosanol, Stigmasterol, 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, 24-methylene-, (3.beta.)-, Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, .alpha.-Tocospiro B & Squalene which justify these plant leaves are antioxidant in nature. 8 antimicrobial compounds; 1-Tetradecene, 1-HEXADECENE, 8-Pentadecanone, 1-Nonadecene, DOCOSANE, Squalene, n-Hexadecanoic acid & Heneicosane, 5 anti-inflammatory compound; Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, .alpha.-Tocospiro B & Stigmasterol, 4 anticancer compound; 1-OCTADECENE, Vitamin E, .gamma.-Sitosterol & Squalene, 1 anti-neuropathic cholesterolytic compound: MOME INOSITOL, 2 antitumor compound; .beta.-Amyrin & .alpha.-Amyrin and 4 antidiabetic compound; .gamma.-Sitosterol, Vitamin E , .alpha.-Tocospiro B & 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, 24-methylene-, (3.beta.)- are also identified which shows these plant is immense potential to make an individual place on medical science for production of plant based medicine. The main manifesto of this investigation is to find out Phyto-therapeutic antioxidant which has extreme benefits and limited or no side effects.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p240-246
Tukezban Rustamova
Psycho-emotional factors play the main role among the factors that have a negative impact on health at a young age. Students have the concept of "exam stress", which occurs at various intervals before the exam. This process occurs over several days to several weeks, when anxiety develops during the post-exam exam. In this regard, the main goal of his work was to reveal the age characteristics of the changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain, depending on the temperament type of the higher nervous activity, due to the effect of the emotional tension created in the examination process. The practical health of the participants and their voluntary participation in the research were considered important conditions. In order to study the impact of the exam process on emotional stress, students were divided into three groups: The first group included students who were on regular school days 2 months before the exam, the second group 30 minutes before the exam process, and the third group after the exam and 30 minutes after the exam process. These results show that the examination process has a different effect on the amplitude of EEG waves in the left and right frontal lobes of the brain before and after the examination. Therefore, both examination processes have both enhancing and depressing effects on the amplitude of EEG waves. It is very likely that at this age, it shows that the process of adaptation to the first exam process in students is not fully formed.
{"title":"Statistical indicators of the change in the amplitude of the EEG in the brain due to the effect of anxiety caused by the exam process in 17-year-old choleric students","authors":"Tukezban Rustamova","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p240-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p240-246","url":null,"abstract":"Psycho-emotional factors play the main role among the factors that have a negative impact on health at a young age. Students have the concept of \"exam stress\", which occurs at various intervals before the exam. This process occurs over several days to several weeks, when anxiety develops during the post-exam exam. In this regard, the main goal of his work was to reveal the age characteristics of the changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain, depending on the temperament type of the higher nervous activity, due to the effect of the emotional tension created in the examination process. The practical health of the participants and their voluntary participation in the research were considered important conditions. In order to study the impact of the exam process on emotional stress, students were divided into three groups: The first group included students who were on regular school days 2 months before the exam, the second group 30 minutes before the exam process, and the third group after the exam and 30 minutes after the exam process. These results show that the examination process has a different effect on the amplitude of EEG waves in the left and right frontal lobes of the brain before and after the examination. Therefore, both examination processes have both enhancing and depressing effects on the amplitude of EEG waves. It is very likely that at this age, it shows that the process of adaptation to the first exam process in students is not fully formed.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p158-172
D. Belhachat, Rayane Tidjani, Assia Makhlouf, Messaouda Balhachat
The Algerian flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate phytochemical screening, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of areal parts extracts from Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) collected from Algiers region in the northeast of Algeria. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using three different solvents, namely water, methanol and ethanol. The antioxidant capacity of areal parts extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The results of our preliminary phytochemical analysis of C. coronarium (L.) areal parts showed the presence of major known family compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones, steroids, proteins, alkaloids, quinones triterpenoids, reducing compounds, starch and mucilage with absence of glycosides. The methanolic extract analysis showed a higher yield extraction and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 208.50 ± 0.25 mg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the ethanolic extract (164.785 ± 0.04 mg GAE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (132.642 ± 0.38 mg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the methanolic extract contained the highest value (23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the ethanolic extract (21.86 ± 0.17 mg CE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (12.63 ± 0.32 CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the methanolic extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 4.72 ± 0.06 mg/L and IC50 = 2.49 ± 0.01 mg/L for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 2.43 ± 0.02 mg/L was obtained for the reducing power assay. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) Extracts","authors":"D. Belhachat, Rayane Tidjani, Assia Makhlouf, Messaouda Balhachat","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p158-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p158-172","url":null,"abstract":"The Algerian flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate phytochemical screening, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of areal parts extracts from Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) collected from Algiers region in the northeast of Algeria. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using three different solvents, namely water, methanol and ethanol. The antioxidant capacity of areal parts extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The results of our preliminary phytochemical analysis of C. coronarium (L.) areal parts showed the presence of major known family compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones, steroids, proteins, alkaloids, quinones triterpenoids, reducing compounds, starch and mucilage with absence of glycosides. The methanolic extract analysis showed a higher yield extraction and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 208.50 ± 0.25 mg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the ethanolic extract (164.785 ± 0.04 mg GAE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (132.642 ± 0.38 mg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the methanolic extract contained the highest value (23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the ethanolic extract (21.86 ± 0.17 mg CE/mg of extract) and aqueous extract (12.63 ± 0.32 CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the methanolic extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 4.72 ± 0.06 mg/L and IC50 = 2.49 ± 0.01 mg/L for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 2.43 ± 0.02 mg/L was obtained for the reducing power assay. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86292619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The investigated medicinally and ethno-medicinally very important taxon endemic to the Western Ghats of India. This taxon belonging to the medicinally rich sources of Asteraceae plant family. The various medicinally important components deposited in various parts of plant. The current investigation was completed to find the anatomical characters of Glossocardia bosvallia. The G. bosvalliaan endemic taxa to India, were a major plant population distributed in the Western Ghats of India.The plant shows distinct anatomical characters of stem and root. It shows the presence of resin oil cavities and large solitary calcium crystals in the region of the cortex of the stem and root of G. bosvallia. During the study of G. bosvalliawe noted different anatomical attributes transverse section of the stem and root, were as epidermis layer, cortex, sclereids, cork, vascular bundle, phloem cell layer, phloem medullary rays, xylem medullary rays, xylem vessels, arc vascular bundle, and pitted type parenchyma. This taxon's anatomical study has yet to be studied by a single researcher. The various plant parts have some medicinally important depositions that will be used in the future to cure diseases or abnormalities. G. bosvallia species has a prominent ethnomedicinal plant used for treatments of various illnesses and irregularities such as throat infection, hoarseness of throat, alcohol addiction, anti-fertility action, and bacillary dysentery, anthelmintic, cure bloat, swelling, pains, sores, wounds, emmenagogue, and gynecological disorders.
{"title":"Anatomical study of Glossocardia bosvallia (L.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)","authors":"Balasaheb Kale, Abhijeet Suresh Bambare, Mangesh Shankar Bhale","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p205-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p205-212","url":null,"abstract":"The investigated medicinally and ethno-medicinally very important taxon endemic to the Western Ghats of India. This taxon belonging to the medicinally rich sources of Asteraceae plant family. The various medicinally important components deposited in various parts of plant. The current investigation was completed to find the anatomical characters of Glossocardia bosvallia. The G. bosvalliaan endemic taxa to India, were a major plant population distributed in the Western Ghats of India.The plant shows distinct anatomical characters of stem and root. It shows the presence of resin oil cavities and large solitary calcium crystals in the region of the cortex of the stem and root of G. bosvallia. During the study of G. bosvalliawe noted different anatomical attributes transverse section of the stem and root, were as epidermis layer, cortex, sclereids, cork, vascular bundle, phloem cell layer, phloem medullary rays, xylem medullary rays, xylem vessels, arc vascular bundle, and pitted type parenchyma. This taxon's anatomical study has yet to be studied by a single researcher. The various plant parts have some medicinally important depositions that will be used in the future to cure diseases or abnormalities. G. bosvallia species has a prominent ethnomedicinal plant used for treatments of various illnesses and irregularities such as throat infection, hoarseness of throat, alcohol addiction, anti-fertility action, and bacillary dysentery, anthelmintic, cure bloat, swelling, pains, sores, wounds, emmenagogue, and gynecological disorders.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78222232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p223-229
Dr.Savita Kate
Keratin is an insoluble fibrous protein found in hair, wool, feather, nail, horns and other epithelial covering. The high resistance of keratin to proteases is due to its densely packed and strongly stabilized by several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, in addition to several disulfide bonds. A keratinase enzyme is useful for biotechnological purposes, and also for hydrolysis of de-hairing of bovine hides, poultry feathers, and leather surplus. In the present study, B. cereus KJ72442 was isolated from deteriorated leather samples using feather meal as a substrate and identified by 16SrDNA sequencing and with accession number B. cereus Lr3/2 KP015746). The colony showing the highest zone of keratin hydrolysis on feather meal agar was selected for keratinase production. B. cereus showed efficient keratinase production 41.06±2U/ml at optimum temperature of 37°C and pH 7 after 72h using 1% feather meal as a substrate. B. cereus keratinolytic activity was found to be metalloprotease, as inhibited by 1mM EDTA but not by PMSF.In addition to keratinase, B. cereus KP015746 (Lr3/2) was also proficiently found to produce collagenase, caseinase and gelatinase. On the lab scale, the efficiency of B. cereus Lr3/2 KP015746 keratinase to degrade leather was analyzed and observed excellent results. Hence, the experimental outcome revealed that B.cereus KP015746 (Lr3/2) can be effectively used to treat keratin, collagen rich agro industrial waste ecofriendly.
{"title":"Keratinase of Bacillus cereus Lr3/2 KP015746 from deteriorated leather samples","authors":"Dr.Savita Kate","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p223-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p223-229","url":null,"abstract":"Keratin is an insoluble fibrous protein found in hair, wool, feather, nail, horns and other epithelial covering. The high resistance of keratin to proteases is due to its densely packed and strongly stabilized by several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, in addition to several disulfide bonds. A keratinase enzyme is useful for biotechnological purposes, and also for hydrolysis of de-hairing of bovine hides, poultry feathers, and leather surplus. In the present study, B. cereus KJ72442 was isolated from deteriorated leather samples using feather meal as a substrate and identified by 16SrDNA sequencing and with accession number B. cereus Lr3/2 KP015746). The colony showing the highest zone of keratin hydrolysis on feather meal agar was selected for keratinase production. B. cereus showed efficient keratinase production 41.06±2U/ml at optimum temperature of 37°C and pH 7 after 72h using 1% feather meal as a substrate. B. cereus keratinolytic activity was found to be metalloprotease, as inhibited by 1mM EDTA but not by PMSF.In addition to keratinase, B. cereus KP015746 (Lr3/2) was also proficiently found to produce collagenase, caseinase and gelatinase. On the lab scale, the efficiency of B. cereus Lr3/2 KP015746 keratinase to degrade leather was analyzed and observed excellent results. Hence, the experimental outcome revealed that B.cereus KP015746 (Lr3/2) can be effectively used to treat keratin, collagen rich agro industrial waste ecofriendly.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77163320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p181-188
Dharmendra Coudhary, RAVI PRASAD, K. L. Meena, Sumitra Jatoliya
Nature has been a source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years and a remarkable number of modern medications have been secluded from ordinary sources. Higher plants, as sources of therapeutic compounds, have sustained to play a leading role in the conservation of human health since pre-historic times. Blepharis is an Afro-asiatic genus including 129 species, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, widely distributed in dry and semi-dry habitats. The aim of this study was to identify primary metabolites quantitatively and flavonoid compounds qualitatively using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) from the leaves of two species of the Blepharis genus, and also to investigate the genetic analysis of these species using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In quantitative analysis, primary metabolites such as protein, carbohydrates, lipid and phenol were found with significant values. In TLC characterization, Kaempferol and Rutin were identified as flavonoid compounds from both leaves samples. A total of 4 and 3 polymorphic bands were observed from OPA-2 primer in RAPD Profile of B. repens and B. repens var. rajasthanensis (a new varieties) leaves. The result concluded that these two different varieties of genus Blepharis can be used as an alternative to the conventional medicines due to having wide range of phytocemical activities. This study suggests that there is a need to know the possibility of using extracts and bio-active mixtures derived from Blepharis genus for the control of lasting ailments as claimed by traditional therapists.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Genetic Characterization of Genus Blepharis in Rajasthan, India","authors":"Dharmendra Coudhary, RAVI PRASAD, K. L. Meena, Sumitra Jatoliya","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p181-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p181-188","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has been a source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years and a remarkable number of modern medications have been secluded from ordinary sources. Higher plants, as sources of therapeutic compounds, have sustained to play a leading role in the conservation of human health since pre-historic times. Blepharis is an Afro-asiatic genus including 129 species, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, widely distributed in dry and semi-dry habitats. The aim of this study was to identify primary metabolites quantitatively and flavonoid compounds qualitatively using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) from the leaves of two species of the Blepharis genus, and also to investigate the genetic analysis of these species using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In quantitative analysis, primary metabolites such as protein, carbohydrates, lipid and phenol were found with significant values. In TLC characterization, Kaempferol and Rutin were identified as flavonoid compounds from both leaves samples. A total of 4 and 3 polymorphic bands were observed from OPA-2 primer in RAPD Profile of B. repens and B. repens var. rajasthanensis (a new varieties) leaves. The result concluded that these two different varieties of genus Blepharis can be used as an alternative to the conventional medicines due to having wide range of phytocemical activities. This study suggests that there is a need to know the possibility of using extracts and bio-active mixtures derived from Blepharis genus for the control of lasting ailments as claimed by traditional therapists.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81625740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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