TFF1 is overexpressed in estradiol-dependent invasive breast carcinomas Estrogen Receptor positive (ERα+). However, certain subclasses of ERα+ tumors do not overexpress this protein and present a therapeutic escape from endocrine therapy. This study was conducted to characterize the genotypic disorders of ERα+ breast cancers by quantitative evaluation of intratumoral heterogeneity in ERα and TFF1 expression and to precise the clinical significance of TFF1 overexpression in primary ERα+ mammary invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). To evaluate the intratumoral distribution of ERα and TFF1, 60 primary ERα+ IDCs were used and stereological analysis were conducted. The labeling index (LI) and the mean labeling index (MLI) for the two markers overexpression were evaluated. The coefficient of variation (COV) was used to estimate spatial dispersion of markers. Stereological analysis showed that the mean ERα and TFF1 labeling indexes (MLI) showed a heterogeneous distribution of markers in each tumor with rates fluctuating between 21.59% ± 10.18 and 46.91% ± 10.61 for ERα and between 18.73% ± 6.32 and 34.39% ± 8.71 for TFF1. The COV showed values fluctuating between 16.75% and 44.40% for ERα and between 25.3% and 65.7% for TFF1 reflecting an important heterogenous dispersion of ERα and TFF1 protein within the same tumor. This study allowed us a simple quantitative estimation of the phenotypic heterogeneity wich is the reflection of genotypic disorders. Our results showed that ERα+ breast cancers are genetically unstable and can present 2 different phenotypes [ERα+/TFF1+] or [ERα+/TFF1¯]. This genetic instability explains the resistance of these cancers to hormonal therapy.
{"title":"Characterization of genotypic disorders in ERα+ breast cancers by evaluating ERα and TFF1 expression: Is TFF1 a promising predictive biomarker for endocrine therapy?","authors":"Fatima DJILALI DOULA, Latifa Mohammedi, Rachid Senhadji","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p962-970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p962-970","url":null,"abstract":"TFF1 is overexpressed in estradiol-dependent invasive breast carcinomas Estrogen Receptor positive (ERα+). However, certain subclasses of ERα+ tumors do not overexpress this protein and present a therapeutic escape from endocrine therapy. This study was conducted to characterize the genotypic disorders of ERα+ breast cancers by quantitative evaluation of intratumoral heterogeneity in ERα and TFF1 expression and to precise the clinical significance of TFF1 overexpression in primary ERα+ mammary invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). To evaluate the intratumoral distribution of ERα and TFF1, 60 primary ERα+ IDCs were used and stereological analysis were conducted. The labeling index (LI) and the mean labeling index (MLI) for the two markers overexpression were evaluated. The coefficient of variation (COV) was used to estimate spatial dispersion of markers. Stereological analysis showed that the mean ERα and TFF1 labeling indexes (MLI) showed a heterogeneous distribution of markers in each tumor with rates fluctuating between 21.59% ± 10.18 and 46.91% ± 10.61 for ERα and between 18.73% ± 6.32 and 34.39% ± 8.71 for TFF1. The COV showed values fluctuating between 16.75% and 44.40% for ERα and between 25.3% and 65.7% for TFF1 reflecting an important heterogenous dispersion of ERα and TFF1 protein within the same tumor. This study allowed us a simple quantitative estimation of the phenotypic heterogeneity wich is the reflection of genotypic disorders. Our results showed that ERα+ breast cancers are genetically unstable and can present 2 different phenotypes [ERα+/TFF1+] or [ERα+/TFF1¯]. This genetic instability explains the resistance of these cancers to hormonal therapy.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p875-889
A. P R, J. M L, S. G L, Akhil K MOHAN, TOM CYRIAC, Shi-Yun Su
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most ruinous diseases affecting greater yam crops globally. Number of biocontrol agents are available now for disease management. This paper outlines the results of series of experiments and assays used for the isolation and screening of endophytes from medicinal plants against C. gloeosporioides and the investigation on the impact of potential endophytes on growth promotion and management of the disease. Present study records Bacillus licheniformis as a biocontrol agent for managing greater yam anthracnose and first report of its kind. Molecular characterization of the pathogen was carried out using universal, genus and species specific primers viz. ITS1 and ITS4; Col F and Col R; CgF1 and CgR1. Among fungal and bacterial endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens (CTCRI-EB.3) and B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) were the finest (with an antifungal index of 84.8 ± 4.3 % / 85.7 ± 4.2 % and 82.9 ± 2.05 % / 85 ± 3.8% against the pathogen isolates Cg.S4.7 and Cg.23 respectively). Endophytes were screened for various growth promotion traits, among them B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) was unrivalled with distinguishable response to plant growth promotion traits. Results of pot trial also manifest that B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) is a promising plant growth promoting as well as a biocontrol agent.
{"title":"Potential microbes from medicinal plants against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.)","authors":"A. P R, J. M L, S. G L, Akhil K MOHAN, TOM CYRIAC, Shi-Yun Su","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p875-889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p875-889","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most ruinous diseases affecting greater yam crops globally. Number of biocontrol agents are available now for disease management. This paper outlines the results of series of experiments and assays used for the isolation and screening of endophytes from medicinal plants against C. gloeosporioides and the investigation on the impact of potential endophytes on growth promotion and management of the disease. Present study records Bacillus licheniformis as a biocontrol agent for managing greater yam anthracnose and first report of its kind. Molecular characterization of the pathogen was carried out using universal, genus and species specific primers viz. ITS1 and ITS4; Col F and Col R; CgF1 and CgR1. Among fungal and bacterial endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens (CTCRI-EB.3) and B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) were the finest (with an antifungal index of 84.8 ± 4.3 % / 85.7 ± 4.2 % and 82.9 ± 2.05 % / 85 ± 3.8% against the pathogen isolates Cg.S4.7 and Cg.23 respectively). Endophytes were screened for various growth promotion traits, among them B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) was unrivalled with distinguishable response to plant growth promotion traits. Results of pot trial also manifest that B. licheniformis (CTCRI-EB.12) is a promising plant growth promoting as well as a biocontrol agent.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76786104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p862-874
Saber Hadjer, A. Moussaoui, Y. Chebloune
Contamination of livestock feed is a serious problem worldwide during storage. Fungal infection reduces nutritional quality of feed and affects the animal health, thus reducing the livestock profitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the mycoflora of 73 samples representing four raw cereals; (corn, barley, soybean and wheat bran) and three concentrate finished feed of (dairy cow, poultry and pellet). Isolation of internal and external mycoflora was carried out using dilution plate and direct plate methods. The result of the dilution technique revealed that Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria were the most frequently occurring genera. The analyzed samples showed fungal contamination ranging from 18.84 × 103 CFU/g to 55.23 × 103 CFU/g. Comparing the different feed types, finished concentrates had greater fungal contamination compared to the raw ingredients. The most directed external mycoflora in corn, barley and soybean, using the direct plate technique were Aspergillus (100%, 85.66%, 75%) and Penicillium (83.33%, 50%, 50%) respectively. However, Atlernaria (83.33%, 57% and 75%) and Fusarium (66.33%, 71.33% and 50%) were the most predominant internal mycoflora genera. The overall percentage of fungal infection was higher in non-surface disinfected seeds compared to surface disinfected ones. Fungal infection affected quality of grain through reduction in germination. It seems that livestock feed is highly affected by fungi and special storage and conditioning are required to reduce the fungal infection and protect the animal and human health.
{"title":"Investigation of the mycological infection of animal feeds in western Algeria","authors":"Saber Hadjer, A. Moussaoui, Y. Chebloune","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p862-874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p862-874","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of livestock feed is a serious problem worldwide during storage. Fungal infection reduces nutritional quality of feed and affects the animal health, thus reducing the livestock profitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the mycoflora of 73 samples representing four raw cereals; (corn, barley, soybean and wheat bran) and three concentrate finished feed of (dairy cow, poultry and pellet). Isolation of internal and external mycoflora was carried out using dilution plate and direct plate methods. The result of the dilution technique revealed that Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria were the most frequently occurring genera. The analyzed samples showed fungal contamination ranging from 18.84 × 103 CFU/g to 55.23 × 103 CFU/g. Comparing the different feed types, finished concentrates had greater fungal contamination compared to the raw ingredients. The most directed external mycoflora in corn, barley and soybean, using the direct plate technique were Aspergillus (100%, 85.66%, 75%) and Penicillium (83.33%, 50%, 50%) respectively. However, Atlernaria (83.33%, 57% and 75%) and Fusarium (66.33%, 71.33% and 50%) were the most predominant internal mycoflora genera. The overall percentage of fungal infection was higher in non-surface disinfected seeds compared to surface disinfected ones. Fungal infection affected quality of grain through reduction in germination. It seems that livestock feed is highly affected by fungi and special storage and conditioning are required to reduce the fungal infection and protect the animal and human health.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83538305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p841-845
Nisha P. Aravind, Athira Rajeev, Jobin Mathew
Nanoparticles are molecules in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm and they can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Green synthesis involves the production of nanoparticles from bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and plant extracts. Plant extracts with their chemical constituents can capture the target metals from their salt solution and transform the metal particles into nanoparticles with the cellular catalysts. The present study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the liquid endosperm of coconut, the coconut water (Cocos nucifera), Liquid endosperm of palm fruit (Borassus flabellifer) and coconut Toddy as the reducing agent. The bio-reduction of aqueous silver ions by coconut water is identified by its colour change. During the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the colour of the solution changed from milky white to brown. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs (Silver Nanoparticles) was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The peaks obtained at 250 and 350 nm confirmed the presence of synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes using disc diffusion method. The recent approach of green synthesis is quite impressive due to its eco- friendly, economical, feasible and non- toxic nature.
{"title":"Green synthesis and Characterisation of Silver Nanoparticles from liquid endosperm of Coconut, Palm fruit and Coconut toddy and it’s Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Nisha P. Aravind, Athira Rajeev, Jobin Mathew","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p841-845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p841-845","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are molecules in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm and they can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Green synthesis involves the production of nanoparticles from bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and plant extracts. Plant extracts with their chemical constituents can capture the target metals from their salt solution and transform the metal particles into nanoparticles with the cellular catalysts. The present study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the liquid endosperm of coconut, the coconut water (Cocos nucifera), Liquid endosperm of palm fruit (Borassus flabellifer) and coconut Toddy as the reducing agent. The bio-reduction of aqueous silver ions by coconut water is identified by its colour change. During the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the colour of the solution changed from milky white to brown. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs (Silver Nanoparticles) was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The peaks obtained at 250 and 350 nm confirmed the presence of synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes using disc diffusion method. The recent approach of green synthesis is quite impressive due to its eco- friendly, economical, feasible and non- toxic nature.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89785634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p834-840
D. Bhutia, Joydeb Pal
The crucial phase I xenobiotic metabolising enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) has a variety of isoforms and a wide range of substrate specificities. While the roles of mammalian CYP 450 are well established, those of non-mammalian species are much less defined. These roles are frequently extrapolated from mammalian data and assumed to be similar across vertebrate species. In the present study, three air breathing fish species, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 50 mg/kg β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and its effects on hepatic CYP 450 system were evaluated. β-NF treatment resulted in significant increase (p<0.01) in CYP 450 content and CYP1A mediated EROD (Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) activity in all three treated fish groups compared to control. CYP2B mediated N,N-dimethylaniline demethylase activity and CYP2E1 mediated aniline hydroxylase activity showed no response suggesting insensitivity to β-NF treatment. All three fish species showed an increase in CYP3A4 mediated erythromycin N-demethylase activity, but only H. fossilis displayed a significant difference (p<0.05). Of all the activities investigated, EROD activity mediated by CYP1A responded towards β-NF treatment the best and could serve as a sensitive biomarker to gauge the effects of chemical pollutants in the aquatic environment.
{"title":"Metabolism of β-naphthoflavone by cytochrome P450 isoforms in three air breathing fish, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus","authors":"D. Bhutia, Joydeb Pal","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p834-840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p834-840","url":null,"abstract":"The crucial phase I xenobiotic metabolising enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) has a variety of isoforms and a wide range of substrate specificities. While the roles of mammalian CYP 450 are well established, those of non-mammalian species are much less defined. These roles are frequently extrapolated from mammalian data and assumed to be similar across vertebrate species. In the present study, three air breathing fish species, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 50 mg/kg β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and its effects on hepatic CYP 450 system were evaluated. β-NF treatment resulted in significant increase (p<0.01) in CYP 450 content and CYP1A mediated EROD (Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) activity in all three treated fish groups compared to control. CYP2B mediated N,N-dimethylaniline demethylase activity and CYP2E1 mediated aniline hydroxylase activity showed no response suggesting insensitivity to β-NF treatment. All three fish species showed an increase in CYP3A4 mediated erythromycin N-demethylase activity, but only H. fossilis displayed a significant difference (p<0.05). Of all the activities investigated, EROD activity mediated by CYP1A responded towards β-NF treatment the best and could serve as a sensitive biomarker to gauge the effects of chemical pollutants in the aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84762896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress that is induced by fat accumulation. The current study aims to investigate the potential effects of oral consumption of clove essential oil on the lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity, in hypercholesterolemic rats. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented (CEO) or not (HC) with 4 mg/kg b.w of clove essential oil, for six weeks. A control group (C) was fed a standard diet during the experiment. After six weeks, in clove essential oil treated as compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats, daily supplementation with essential oil attenuated serum levels of total cholesterol (-57%), LDL-cholesterol (-28%), triacyglycerols (-26%), total homocysteine (-17%) and 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α (-39%). Furthermore, TBARS values were decreased in LDL (-37%), liver (-45%) and adipose tissue (-34%). Interestingly, clove essential oil increased respectively thioredoxin reductase activity in liver and adipose tissue by +67% and +66%, respectively. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of clove essential oil to reduce dyslipidemia, oxidative stress by increasing the thioredoxin reductase activity.
{"title":"Reduction of plasma homocysteine and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with clove essential oil","authors":"Akila Guenzet, Nawel Mokrane, Samia Salah, Sadia Berzou, Hakima Mir, Nawal Dida, Omar Kharoubi, D. Krouf","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p782-788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p782-788","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress that is induced by fat accumulation. The current study aims to investigate the potential effects of oral consumption of clove essential oil on the lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity, in hypercholesterolemic rats. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented (CEO) or not (HC) with 4 mg/kg b.w of clove essential oil, for six weeks. A control group (C) was fed a standard diet during the experiment. After six weeks, in clove essential oil treated as compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats, daily supplementation with essential oil attenuated serum levels of total cholesterol (-57%), LDL-cholesterol (-28%), triacyglycerols (-26%), total homocysteine (-17%) and 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α (-39%). Furthermore, TBARS values were decreased in LDL (-37%), liver (-45%) and adipose tissue (-34%). Interestingly, clove essential oil increased respectively thioredoxin reductase activity in liver and adipose tissue by +67% and +66%, respectively. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of clove essential oil to reduce dyslipidemia, oxidative stress by increasing the thioredoxin reductase activity.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81217523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p789-799
F. Chabane, N. Boukhari Benahmed Daidj, S. Louala, M. Lamri Senhadji
The milk thistle (Silybum marianum (Sm)) is a medicinal plant used for a long time in the Algerian traditional medicine. its cardioprotective and preventive effects against the development of obesity complications have been very little investigated. The aim of this study was to see if milk thistle seed can slow down the onset of cardio-metabolic disorders in rats prematurely exposed to a High Lipid/High Sugar (HL/HS) diet. Thirty male Wistar rats are divided into three homogeneous groups. The first Control group (C) receives a normocaloric diet; the second consumes the HL/HS diet (untreated group) and the third treated group was exposed to the HL/HS diet supplemented with 10 g/day of Sm seeds (HL/HS-Sm group). After 1 month of experimentation, a reduction in body weight (-14%), enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (-37%) and alanine aminotransferase (-33%), total lipids, total cholesterol (-58%), unesterified cholesterol (-56%) and cholesteryl esters (-38%) was noted in HL/HS-Sm group compared to HL/HS. Sm seed also reduces blood glucose (1.3-fold), HbA1c (2-fold) as well as CRP, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (-32%, -20%, -24 %). In contrast, the cholesterol content of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins, the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and the antioxidant capacity (CAox) were high (+36%; +42%; +10%). In conclusion, Sm seeds in an HL/HS diet have a hypolipidemic effect by improving the antiatherogenic pathway, reduce liver disorders and decrease inflammation and lipoperoxidation by strengthening CAox preventing the development of obesity and the progression of fatty liver disease and its complications.
{"title":"Effect of Silybum marianum (L. Gaerthn) on C-reactive protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Rats Prematurely Exposed to a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet","authors":"F. Chabane, N. Boukhari Benahmed Daidj, S. Louala, M. Lamri Senhadji","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p789-799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p789-799","url":null,"abstract":"The milk thistle (Silybum marianum (Sm)) is a medicinal plant used for a long time in the Algerian traditional medicine. its cardioprotective and preventive effects against the development of obesity complications have been very little investigated. The aim of this study was to see if milk thistle seed can slow down the onset of cardio-metabolic disorders in rats prematurely exposed to a High Lipid/High Sugar (HL/HS) diet. Thirty male Wistar rats are divided into three homogeneous groups. The first Control group (C) receives a normocaloric diet; the second consumes the HL/HS diet (untreated group) and the third treated group was exposed to the HL/HS diet supplemented with 10 g/day of Sm seeds (HL/HS-Sm group). After 1 month of experimentation, a reduction in body weight (-14%), enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (-37%) and alanine aminotransferase (-33%), total lipids, total cholesterol (-58%), unesterified cholesterol (-56%) and cholesteryl esters (-38%) was noted in HL/HS-Sm group compared to HL/HS. Sm seed also reduces blood glucose (1.3-fold), HbA1c (2-fold) as well as CRP, albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (-32%, -20%, -24 %). In contrast, the cholesterol content of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins, the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and the antioxidant capacity (CAox) were high (+36%; +42%; +10%). In conclusion, Sm seeds in an HL/HS diet have a hypolipidemic effect by improving the antiatherogenic pathway, reduce liver disorders and decrease inflammation and lipoperoxidation by strengthening CAox preventing the development of obesity and the progression of fatty liver disease and its complications.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p890-895
Rustamova T. V.
One of the main causes of psychophysiological stress in students is exam stress, which often leads to neuropsychological disorders as the final result. The main goal of the present study was to reveal the age characteristics of the changes in the psychophysiological-excitement level caused by the emotional stress due to the examination process in students. Psychophysiological studies of different states of anxiety were conducted 2 months before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam with 36 male students of 21 years of age having different typological features of the nervous system at Ganja State University. Practical health and voluntary engagement of the participants in researches were taken as important conditions. The situational anxiety level increased after the exam at all 21-year-old students having different temperament types compared to normal school days and it was 4.6% in choleric students, 26.9% in sanguine students and 35.9% in melancholic students and the overall total indicator was 20.9% . The analysis of the numerical average of the situational anxiety level on normal days with the level after the exam shows that situational anxiety was higher in young people after the exam. Thus, though that the situational anxiety level in 21-year-old students of four temperament types changed dramatically before and after the exam compared to normal school days, the difference between groups and between temperament types was not statistically reliable and correct in some cases.
{"title":"Comparison Of Changes In The Situational Anxiety Level Due To The Effect Of Emotional Stress Of The Exam Process In 21-Year-Old Students With Different Temperament Types","authors":"Rustamova T. V.","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p890-895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p890-895","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main causes of psychophysiological stress in students is exam stress, which often leads to neuropsychological disorders as the final result. The main goal of the present study was to reveal the age characteristics of the changes in the psychophysiological-excitement level caused by the emotional stress due to the examination process in students. Psychophysiological studies of different states of anxiety were conducted 2 months before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam with 36 male students of 21 years of age having different typological features of the nervous system at Ganja State University. Practical health and voluntary engagement of the participants in researches were taken as important conditions. The situational anxiety level increased after the exam at all 21-year-old students having different temperament types compared to normal school days and it was 4.6% in choleric students, 26.9% in sanguine students and 35.9% in melancholic students and the overall total indicator was 20.9% . The analysis of the numerical average of the situational anxiety level on normal days with the level after the exam shows that situational anxiety was higher in young people after the exam. Thus, though that the situational anxiety level in 21-year-old students of four temperament types changed dramatically before and after the exam compared to normal school days, the difference between groups and between temperament types was not statistically reliable and correct in some cases.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89602790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p811-819
Samiha Aidaoui, Abla Hecini-Hannachi
Bacterial nosocomial and community acquired infections due to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide in humans. Staphylococci are number one among the Gram-positive bacteria responsible for multiple infections in hospitals. In this survey, we determined the epidemiological aspects of Multi-drug-resistant – Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-MRSA) strains as well as antimicrobial susceptibility profile to different families of antibiotics. 80 MDR-MRSA strains were isolated from different pathological origins, during the period from August 2019 – August 2020. The isolation and the identification of S.aureus strains were based on conventional methods. Methicillin resistance was verified for each strains by using a disc of oxacillin (5μg) or cefoxitin (30μg) .The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar and evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The study has shown that 80 MRSA strains were identified among the 125 S. aureus strains isolated (64 %). The majority of staphylococci come from pus (67,5%) followed by the blood culture (27,5%). 31,25% come mostly from intensive care unit with a percentage of 72% in adults, including 62,5% of cases recorded in females. The MRSA strains show multidrug resistance to different antibiotic families. We identified seven MRSA strains expressing reduced glycopeptides susceptibility. MRSA is important and serious pathogens in human infections, continued monitoring of susceptibility profiles of these pathogens to important antibiotics is required for a better therapeutic approach against nosocomial and community acquired infections caused by MDR-MRSA.
{"title":"Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nosocomial and community acquired infections in southeastern Algeria","authors":"Samiha Aidaoui, Abla Hecini-Hannachi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p811-819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p811-819","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial nosocomial and community acquired infections due to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide in humans. Staphylococci are number one among the Gram-positive bacteria responsible for multiple infections in hospitals. In this survey, we determined the epidemiological aspects of Multi-drug-resistant – Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-MRSA) strains as well as antimicrobial susceptibility profile to different families of antibiotics. 80 MDR-MRSA strains were isolated from different pathological origins, during the period from August 2019 – August 2020. The isolation and the identification of S.aureus strains were based on conventional methods. Methicillin resistance was verified for each strains by using a disc of oxacillin (5μg) or cefoxitin (30μg) .The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar and evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The study has shown that 80 MRSA strains were identified among the 125 S. aureus strains isolated (64 %). The majority of staphylococci come from pus (67,5%) followed by the blood culture (27,5%). 31,25% come mostly from intensive care unit with a percentage of 72% in adults, including 62,5% of cases recorded in females. The MRSA strains show multidrug resistance to different antibiotic families. We identified seven MRSA strains expressing reduced glycopeptides susceptibility. MRSA is important and serious pathogens in human infections, continued monitoring of susceptibility profiles of these pathogens to important antibiotics is required for a better therapeutic approach against nosocomial and community acquired infections caused by MDR-MRSA.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p800-810
M. Kara Ali, Asma Ait Kaki, Wahiba Kara Ali, Amina Bramki, Amel Benchabbi, Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
In recent years, bio-healing based on microbial induced carbonate precipitation in cracks has been widely exploited to improve concrete properties and thus increase its durability. In this context, the present study aims to explore the possibility of using nine bacterial isolates as biohealing agent of cementitious materials; these bacteria (coded B1 to B8) were obtained from the three different rocky sites, i.e., 795 L1 (limestone rock site), 795 L2 (ordinary soil site), and 812 (clayey site); situated in Oulad Rahmoun (Constantine-Algeria). The primary identification showed that eight isolates belonged to a Bacillus genus, and one isolate B8 developed particularly morphological characterized by branched and septate hyphae. The isolates B4 and B8 were selected for their ability to produce calcium carbonate in precipitate calcium (PC) liquid and solid media after five days of incubation. The addition of urea in PC liquid media accelerated the formation of calcite which appeared after 3 days of incubation. The growth curve of both selected isolates on LB liquid medium showed that B8 was characterized by a long exponential growth phase (up to 72 hours) compared to B4 which had an exponential phase up to 48 hours, which could explain the largest amount of calcite precipitate observed in the case of B8 cultivated in PC liquid medium. Results of the bio-healing experiment carried on cementitious batches showed that a beginning of a slight repair of the cracks from the 11th day was only observed in the case of the bacterium B8 but the bio-healing capacity was absent in the control. This bio-healing agent was identified as Micromonospora echinospora (NCBI-NO139612), according to N-Blast of 16S-DNA sequence. In conclusion, the present study is the first to isolate M. echinospora species from rocky sites; and to describe it as an efficient bacterial agent in concrete bio-healing applications.
{"title":"First study of Micromonospora echinospora isolation from a rocky site of Eastern Algeria and first report of its potential use in cementitious materials biohealing","authors":"M. Kara Ali, Asma Ait Kaki, Wahiba Kara Ali, Amina Bramki, Amel Benchabbi, Noreddine Kacem Chaouche","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p800-810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(6).p800-810","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, bio-healing based on microbial induced carbonate precipitation in cracks has been widely exploited to improve concrete properties and thus increase its durability. In this context, the present study aims to explore the possibility of using nine bacterial isolates as biohealing agent of cementitious materials; these bacteria (coded B1 to B8) were obtained from the three different rocky sites, i.e., 795 L1 (limestone rock site), 795 L2 (ordinary soil site), and 812 (clayey site); situated in Oulad Rahmoun (Constantine-Algeria). The primary identification showed that eight isolates belonged to a Bacillus genus, and one isolate B8 developed particularly morphological characterized by branched and septate hyphae. The isolates B4 and B8 were selected for their ability to produce calcium carbonate in precipitate calcium (PC) liquid and solid media after five days of incubation. The addition of urea in PC liquid media accelerated the formation of calcite which appeared after 3 days of incubation. The growth curve of both selected isolates on LB liquid medium showed that B8 was characterized by a long exponential growth phase (up to 72 hours) compared to B4 which had an exponential phase up to 48 hours, which could explain the largest amount of calcite precipitate observed in the case of B8 cultivated in PC liquid medium. Results of the bio-healing experiment carried on cementitious batches showed that a beginning of a slight repair of the cracks from the 11th day was only observed in the case of the bacterium B8 but the bio-healing capacity was absent in the control. This bio-healing agent was identified as Micromonospora echinospora (NCBI-NO139612), according to N-Blast of 16S-DNA sequence. In conclusion, the present study is the first to isolate M. echinospora species from rocky sites; and to describe it as an efficient bacterial agent in concrete bio-healing applications.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80679519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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