Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p540-546
Elkolli Meriem, H. Laouar, Hayet Elkolli
Interest in natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts is growing more and more. The therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts has been proven. However, this efficiency can be improved by combining several extracts at the same time, as is already applied in multidrug therapy. Today, combinations of plant extracts represent a potential new strategy for developing new antioxidant therapies that will increase their effectiveness, taking advantage of their synergistic effects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of EOs and MEs individually from two Apiaceae; Bunium alpinum (BA) and B. incrassatum (BI) as well as the effects of EOs and EMs in combination. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, whereas the MEs were prepared by hydro-alcoholic maceration (methanol/water: 1/10 v/v). The antioxidant activity was carried out by two methods: the power reduction test which consists in measuring the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the presence of the extracts, which increases the absorbance in the reaction medium at 700 nm. The activity of the combinations was carried out by the DPPH test, this radical placed in the medium with the extracts absorbed at 517 nm, the antioxidant activity can be, then, determined by recording the decrease in the absorbance of the extracts and is compared with the standards (BHT, BHA, tocopherol, quecitin and rutin).Both EOs showed a perfectly dose-dependent ability to reduce Fe3+ by electron transfer reaction with a superiority of MEs. The essential oils of BA and BI were very active by the DPPH test either alone (IC50=0.69 and 0.57μg/ml respectively) or in combination (1.80 μg/ml). While the extracts had lower activities (BA: IC50=21.85±1.32 and BI: 55.77±3.25 μg/ml). Only the combination of essential oils gave a synergistic effect. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that EOs and MEs of B. alpinum and B. incrassatum exhibit interesting antioxidant activity by both methods. These two extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants or as a possible food supplement after a study of toxicity and cyto-toxicity of the extracts. Other antioxidant techniques and other types of extracts of these species, abundant in Algeria, can be realized later.
{"title":"Synergistic antioxidant activities of essential oils and methanolic extracts of Bunium alpinum and Bunium incrassatum from Algeria","authors":"Elkolli Meriem, H. Laouar, Hayet Elkolli","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p540-546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p540-546","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts is growing more and more. The therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts has been proven. However, this efficiency can be improved by combining several extracts at the same time, as is already applied in multidrug therapy. Today, combinations of plant extracts represent a potential new strategy for developing new antioxidant therapies that will increase their effectiveness, taking advantage of their synergistic effects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of EOs and MEs individually from two Apiaceae; Bunium alpinum (BA) and B. incrassatum (BI) as well as the effects of EOs and EMs in combination. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, whereas the MEs were prepared by hydro-alcoholic maceration (methanol/water: 1/10 v/v). The antioxidant activity was carried out by two methods: the power reduction test which consists in measuring the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the presence of the extracts, which increases the absorbance in the reaction medium at 700 nm. The activity of the combinations was carried out by the DPPH test, this radical placed in the medium with the extracts absorbed at 517 nm, the antioxidant activity can be, then, determined by recording the decrease in the absorbance of the extracts and is compared with the standards (BHT, BHA, tocopherol, quecitin and rutin).Both EOs showed a perfectly dose-dependent ability to reduce Fe3+ by electron transfer reaction with a superiority of MEs. The essential oils of BA and BI were very active by the DPPH test either alone (IC50=0.69 and 0.57μg/ml respectively) or in combination (1.80 μg/ml). While the extracts had lower activities (BA: IC50=21.85±1.32 and BI: 55.77±3.25 μg/ml). Only the combination of essential oils gave a synergistic effect. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that EOs and MEs of B. alpinum and B. incrassatum exhibit interesting antioxidant activity by both methods. These two extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants or as a possible food supplement after a study of toxicity and cyto-toxicity of the extracts. Other antioxidant techniques and other types of extracts of these species, abundant in Algeria, can be realized later.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83915891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p547-556
M. Rezki, F. Kouadri, A. Bekki
Yeasts play a significant role in a wide range of fields, and the fascination they arouse stems from their incredible diversity in natural habitats. Among these habitats we focused on the soil of a unique biotope (oasis) in the Algerian Sahara, where yeasts have received little attention. For the first time, the distribution of yeasts, was determined depending on the plant and seasons. Their metabolic activity represented in the PGP effects, benefits the studied plant (chickpea) at the soil level involving the production of NH3, IAAs, the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus and zinc oxide, and even the micro-symbionts by the stimulation of nodulation. The isolated yeasts were also shown to possess PGP properties that largely exceed those of the reference strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the strain RSZ1 of Kodamaea ohmeri having the best solubilization and production indices. When compared to the non-infected control and those inoculated with the reference strain S. cerevisiae, these characteristics enhanced the dry biomass yield of the examined plant by three to four or even six times. Another effect was nodulation, in which the number of nodules significantly increased compared to the control. Yeasts have a high-temperature tolerance limit of 43°C, posing a significant challenge in this biotope. This little-known role of yeasts, particularly in Algeria, is interesting, and can be used with other microorganisms as an alternative to hazardous chemical fertilizers and as bio-inputs in the improvement of healthy agricultural production, revegetation of degraded sites, and the establishment of life in these biotopes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts and Their Effect on Chickpea Plant Growth","authors":"M. Rezki, F. Kouadri, A. Bekki","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p547-556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p547-556","url":null,"abstract":"Yeasts play a significant role in a wide range of fields, and the fascination they arouse stems from their incredible diversity in natural habitats. Among these habitats we focused on the soil of a unique biotope (oasis) in the Algerian Sahara, where yeasts have received little attention. For the first time, the distribution of yeasts, was determined depending on the plant and seasons. Their metabolic activity represented in the PGP effects, benefits the studied plant (chickpea) at the soil level involving the production of NH3, IAAs, the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus and zinc oxide, and even the micro-symbionts by the stimulation of nodulation. The isolated yeasts were also shown to possess PGP properties that largely exceed those of the reference strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the strain RSZ1 of Kodamaea ohmeri having the best solubilization and production indices. When compared to the non-infected control and those inoculated with the reference strain S. cerevisiae, these characteristics enhanced the dry biomass yield of the examined plant by three to four or even six times. Another effect was nodulation, in which the number of nodules significantly increased compared to the control. Yeasts have a high-temperature tolerance limit of 43°C, posing a significant challenge in this biotope. This little-known role of yeasts, particularly in Algeria, is interesting, and can be used with other microorganisms as an alternative to hazardous chemical fertilizers and as bio-inputs in the improvement of healthy agricultural production, revegetation of degraded sites, and the establishment of life in these biotopes.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84574114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p533-539
E. H. Mokrani, Abdelhak Djekrif, Soumia Teniou, Yousra Nouadri, R. G. Demmak, A. Chikhi, Abderrahmane Bensegueni
Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a human protease which plays an important role in the viral life cycle. This enzyme cleaves the spike protein required for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry at the host cell. TMPRSS2 inhibitors might limit SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory tract. This work aims at identifying new potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors for anti-SARS CoV-2 drug research. Indeed, Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) of 13 521 analog compounds to 4-carbamimidamidobenzoic acid,a potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor, was undertaken using FlexX program. Then, the top ranked 1000 compounds were re-scored using Glide Extra Precision (XP) and their binding mode into TMPRSS2 binding site was further analyzed in order to eliminate false positive ones. Finally, drug likeness and toxicity properties of the most promising inhibitors were predicted. Out of these, compounds S1 and S2 showed a higher TMPRSS2 inhibitory potency than that of GBS, the reference molecule. They also were predicted to occupy the entire TMPRSS2 binding site making a rational number of interactions. Still more remarkably, these two compounds were also predicted to have satisfying drug likeness properties, indicating that they might be promising lead compounds for further anti-SARS CoV-2 drug research.
跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2 (TMPRSS2)是一种在病毒生命周期中起重要作用的人蛋白酶。这种酶切割严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)病毒进入宿主细胞所需的刺突蛋白。TMPRSS2抑制剂可能限制呼吸道中的SARS-CoV-2感染。本研究旨在鉴定新的有效的TMPRSS2抑制剂，用于抗sars CoV-2药物研究。实际上，使用FlexX程序对13 521种类似于4-氨基氨酰胺苯甲酸(一种有效的TMPRSS2抑制剂)的化合物进行了基于结构的虚拟筛选(SBVS)。然后，使用Glide Extra Precision (XP)对排名前1000位的化合物进行重新评分，并进一步分析其与TMPRSS2结合位点的结合方式，以消除假阳性。最后，对最有前景的抑制剂的药物相似性和毒性进行了预测。其中，化合物S1和S2表现出比对照分子GBS更高的TMPRSS2抑制效力。预计它们还会占据整个TMPRSS2结合位点，进行合理数量的相互作用。更值得注意的是，这两种化合物也被预测具有令人满意的药物相似性，这表明它们可能是进一步抗sars CoV-2药物研究的有希望的先导化合物。
{"title":"Virtual screening and drug likeness prediction of new potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors as a potential treatment of COVID-19","authors":"E. H. Mokrani, Abdelhak Djekrif, Soumia Teniou, Yousra Nouadri, R. G. Demmak, A. Chikhi, Abderrahmane Bensegueni","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p533-539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p533-539","url":null,"abstract":"Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is a human protease which plays an important role in the viral life cycle. This enzyme cleaves the spike protein required for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry at the host cell. TMPRSS2 inhibitors might limit SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory tract. This work aims at identifying new potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors for anti-SARS CoV-2 drug research. Indeed, Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) of 13 521 analog compounds to 4-carbamimidamidobenzoic acid,a potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor, was undertaken using FlexX program. Then, the top ranked 1000 compounds were re-scored using Glide Extra Precision (XP) and their binding mode into TMPRSS2 binding site was further analyzed in order to eliminate false positive ones. Finally, drug likeness and toxicity properties of the most promising inhibitors were predicted. Out of these, compounds S1 and S2 showed a higher TMPRSS2 inhibitory potency than that of GBS, the reference molecule. They also were predicted to occupy the entire TMPRSS2 binding site making a rational number of interactions. Still more remarkably, these two compounds were also predicted to have satisfying drug likeness properties, indicating that they might be promising lead compounds for further anti-SARS CoV-2 drug research.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86954217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p522-532
M. Benzohra, F. Ammad, M. Benchabane
The wood diseases are very damaging to the culture of citrus and many hosts around the world. It is considered as a complex pathosystem that requires the analysis of its various aspects. In this context, we conducted epidemiological and etiological studies. Our studies were conducted for four consecutive years (2017-2020) on 25 orchards from five localities in Algeria. The results of symptom diagnosis showed the presence of different categories of symptoms; these are the total and/or partial dieback. The examination of the cross-sections of infected wood showed the presence of different forms of inner necrosis. The isolations from the necrotic tissues of the infected trees put often in evidence the presence of a diversified fungal flora dominated by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. We also recorded an overall infection rate of 23.28% representing a severity index of 1.77 on a scale of four degrees, giving an incidence of 10.76%. The overall assessment of the dieback situation in the studied orchards showed a rapid increase in all epidemiological indices. The statistical analyzes showed that the factors region, age, rootstock, type of irrigation and soil texture had a highly significant effect on the variation of epidemiological parameters. However, the factor year is only moderately significant. On the other hand, the factor cultivar, has no significant effect on these indices. The epidemiological behavior of dieback in these orchards confirms that the spread of the disease is favored by cultural techniques such as irrigation and pruning.
{"title":"Incidence and epidemiology of wood disease in Algerian citrus orchards","authors":"M. Benzohra, F. Ammad, M. Benchabane","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p522-532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p522-532","url":null,"abstract":"The wood diseases are very damaging to the culture of citrus and many hosts around the world. It is considered as a complex pathosystem that requires the analysis of its various aspects. In this context, we conducted epidemiological and etiological studies. Our studies were conducted for four consecutive years (2017-2020) on 25 orchards from five localities in Algeria. The results of symptom diagnosis showed the presence of different categories of symptoms; these are the total and/or partial dieback. The examination of the cross-sections of infected wood showed the presence of different forms of inner necrosis. The isolations from the necrotic tissues of the infected trees put often in evidence the presence of a diversified fungal flora dominated by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. We also recorded an overall infection rate of 23.28% representing a severity index of 1.77 on a scale of four degrees, giving an incidence of 10.76%. The overall assessment of the dieback situation in the studied orchards showed a rapid increase in all epidemiological indices. The statistical analyzes showed that the factors region, age, rootstock, type of irrigation and soil texture had a highly significant effect on the variation of epidemiological parameters. However, the factor year is only moderately significant. On the other hand, the factor cultivar, has no significant effect on these indices. The epidemiological behavior of dieback in these orchards confirms that the spread of the disease is favored by cultural techniques such as irrigation and pruning.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86273205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p508-514
Lotfi Louhibi, Nacera TABET AOUL, A. Boubekeur, Khadidja Mahmoudi, N. Saidi-Mehtar
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignant tumour which occurs in children during the first months of life, with an incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Antioncogene RB1 located on chromosome 13q14.2, is at the origin of this pathology. For retinoblastoma development, two allele mutations of this gene are required. The aim of this study firstly, was to identify mutations that affect the RB1 gene in constitutional level, to detect early subject at risk or asymptomatic carriers and secondly to contribute on the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. The study concerned 61 patients with retinoblastoma in Western Algeria. DNA from blood was used for amplification and gene sequencing. The results were completed by in-silico analysis using bio-informatic methods to know the mutation impact on the pRB1 protein function. Amplification and sequencing results gave nineteen different variations bases, including eight exonic changes: three missense mutations and five nonsense mutations located in exons 1,7,8,12,18,19,20 and 23. There are an important number of mutations located in twelve RB1 gene introns. These mutations were identified in germinal level for children with no family history of the disease. In conclusion, this study reported two new RB1 mutations in exons 1 and 7 among the eight identified. The mutations described in sporadic forms of retinoblastoma are transmissible forms in 13.11% of cases in our studied population. This study would improve role of genetic testing for management and family screening.
{"title":"Sequencing of RB1 Gene and In Silico Analysis in Western Algerian Population Affected by Retinablastoma","authors":"Lotfi Louhibi, Nacera TABET AOUL, A. Boubekeur, Khadidja Mahmoudi, N. Saidi-Mehtar","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p508-514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p508-514","url":null,"abstract":"Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignant tumour which occurs in children during the first months of life, with an incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Antioncogene RB1 located on chromosome 13q14.2, is at the origin of this pathology. For retinoblastoma development, two allele mutations of this gene are required. The aim of this study firstly, was to identify mutations that affect the RB1 gene in constitutional level, to detect early subject at risk or asymptomatic carriers and secondly to contribute on the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. The study concerned 61 patients with retinoblastoma in Western Algeria. DNA from blood was used for amplification and gene sequencing. The results were completed by in-silico analysis using bio-informatic methods to know the mutation impact on the pRB1 protein function. Amplification and sequencing results gave nineteen different variations bases, including eight exonic changes: three missense mutations and five nonsense mutations located in exons 1,7,8,12,18,19,20 and 23. There are an important number of mutations located in twelve RB1 gene introns. These mutations were identified in germinal level for children with no family history of the disease. In conclusion, this study reported two new RB1 mutations in exons 1 and 7 among the eight identified. The mutations described in sporadic forms of retinoblastoma are transmissible forms in 13.11% of cases in our studied population. This study would improve role of genetic testing for management and family screening.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79634872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p492-498
Menad Soumia, Djilali Achour, Moussa Brada
In the last decades, the use of essential oils have been increased significantly to affect various aspects of human daily life (cosmetics, pharmacy,pesticide and food industry). The present work aims to study the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus local (Mostaganem Algeria) extracted by hydrodistillation and steam distillation. The comparative study has permitted to highlight the influence of various parameters on the yield of essential oils (drying, extraction time). Forty components were identified. The characterisation by (GC-MS) showed that the extraction by hydrodistillation gave a better result which was characterised by the presence of α-pinene (37.163 %), sabinene (12.829 %), and limonene (5.795 %) as main chemical constituents. The method of extraction showed that there was a significant influence on the composition of the essential oil. The essential oil of Juniperus oxycedrus showed a strong antioxidant activity. The activity of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation was higher than that obtained by steam entrainment (IC50 = 120 mg ml−1 and IC50 = 160 mg ml−1) with DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests, respectively. Essential oils of J. oxycedrus could therefore represent good component to be used as an antioxidant agent.
在过去的几十年里，精油的使用显著增加，影响着人类日常生活的各个方面(化妆品、制药、农药和食品工业)。本文研究了加氢蒸馏法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取的阿尔及利亚刺柏精油的化学成分和抗氧化活性。比较研究可以突出各种参数对精油收率的影响(干燥，提取时间)。确定了40个成分。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，加氢蒸馏法提取效果较好，主要化学成分为α-蒎烯(37.163%)、沙宾烯(12.829%)和柠檬烯(5.795%)。提取方法表明，对精油的成分有显著影响。刺柏精油具有较强的抗氧化活性。通过DPPH和β-胡萝卜素漂白试验，加氢蒸馏法得到的油的活性分别高于蒸汽夹带法(IC50 = 120 mg ml - 1和IC50 = 160 mg ml - 1)。因此，木犀草精油可以作为抗氧化剂使用。
{"title":"Characterisation and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Leaves and Stems of Juniperus oxycedrus from Mostaganem (Algeria)","authors":"Menad Soumia, Djilali Achour, Moussa Brada","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p492-498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p492-498","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, the use of essential oils have been increased significantly to affect various aspects of human daily life (cosmetics, pharmacy,pesticide and food industry). The present work aims to study the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus local (Mostaganem Algeria) extracted by hydrodistillation and steam distillation. The comparative study has permitted to highlight the influence of various parameters on the yield of essential oils (drying, extraction time). Forty components were identified. The characterisation by (GC-MS) showed that the extraction by hydrodistillation gave a better result which was characterised by the presence of α-pinene (37.163 %), sabinene (12.829 %), and limonene (5.795 %) as main chemical constituents. The method of extraction showed that there was a significant influence on the composition of the essential oil. The essential oil of Juniperus oxycedrus showed a strong antioxidant activity. The activity of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation was higher than that obtained by steam entrainment (IC50 = 120 mg ml−1 and IC50 = 160 mg ml−1) with DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests, respectively. Essential oils of J. oxycedrus could therefore represent good component to be used as an antioxidant agent.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73985896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p476-480
R. Zaidi, Yahia Bouslah, M. Messaoudi
Oreochromis niloticus also called “chicken of aquaculture” is a fresh and brackish water fish recognizable among all other tilapias by continuous black stripes on the caudal fin. Morphometric characters of Tilapias were reported in Egypt, Turkey, Nigeria, Sri Lanka. In Algeria, studies on tilapia have treated the species Tilapia zillii, its morphology (Guezi et al. unpublished study) and its reproduction (Guezi et al, 2021). The Biometry of the nil tilapia Oreochromis niloticus of the south westof Algeria was studied from December 2020 to November 2022. A total of 220 individuals, whose total length varied between 3 and 21 cm and weight between 22.9 and 289.7 g, were examined. The percentage of the different morphological measurement in relation to the total length of the fish, the regression equation and the length weight relationship was calculated. Six (6) characters showed a positive allometry, seven (7) characters showed a negative one, while only the height of the caudal peduncle showed an isometry. The length weight relationship was expressed as: LogW = 2.458 Log TL – 1.061. This study presents the first results of the morphometry of O. niloticus in the south-west of Algeria, and must be completed by studies on age and reproduction.
{"title":"Morphometric Characters and length weight relationship of Oreochromis niloticus in southwest of Algeria","authors":"R. Zaidi, Yahia Bouslah, M. Messaoudi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p476-480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p476-480","url":null,"abstract":"Oreochromis niloticus also called “chicken of aquaculture” is a fresh and brackish water fish recognizable among all other tilapias by continuous black stripes on the caudal fin. Morphometric characters of Tilapias were reported in Egypt, Turkey, Nigeria, Sri Lanka. In Algeria, studies on tilapia have treated the species Tilapia zillii, its morphology (Guezi et al. unpublished study) and its reproduction (Guezi et al, 2021). The Biometry of the nil tilapia Oreochromis niloticus of the south westof Algeria was studied from December 2020 to November 2022. A total of 220 individuals, whose total length varied between 3 and 21 cm and weight between 22.9 and 289.7 g, were examined. The percentage of the different morphological measurement in relation to the total length of the fish, the regression equation and the length weight relationship was calculated. Six (6) characters showed a positive allometry, seven (7) characters showed a negative one, while only the height of the caudal peduncle showed an isometry. The length weight relationship was expressed as: LogW = 2.458 Log TL – 1.061. This study presents the first results of the morphometry of O. niloticus in the south-west of Algeria, and must be completed by studies on age and reproduction.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75185621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p456-467
Asmaa Beldjilali, Y. Merzouk, Sadika Haouhach, W. Dib, Abdallah Boudjemaa, Y. Zabouri
Enterococcus genus is one of the opportunistic pathogens and responsible for mastitis in dairy animals. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of enterococci associated with subclinical mastitis in goat, cow and camels in Algeria and to assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 374 milk samples from udder quarters were tested for a subclinical mastitis (SCM) using the CMT. The positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for identification of Enterococcus spp by biochemical and molecular techniques using 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Eight strains of enterococci were tested to their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. The data revealed that 34, 31% of samples showed presence of SCM, meanwhile Enterococcus spp were occurred in 38.9% of positive milk. According to phenotypic criteria, 50 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium 70% (35/50) followed by Enterococcus faecalis 18% (9/50) and 12 % (6/50) were nonenterococci. Only eight isolates were confirmed to be Enterococcus spp using 16S rDNA sequencing technique. The antibiotic susceptibility showed that 85.5 % and 62.5% of Enterococcus feacium were resistant to Oxacillin and Penicillin respectively, while most of isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. In this study, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found in 37.5% of isolates. Nevertheless, 62.5% of the tested strains displayed multi-drug resistances (MDR) across different patterns. This study highlights virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which suggest continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals in Algeria.
{"title":"Molecular identification of Enterococcus spp associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy animals in Algeria and their antimicrobial resistance profile","authors":"Asmaa Beldjilali, Y. Merzouk, Sadika Haouhach, W. Dib, Abdallah Boudjemaa, Y. Zabouri","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p456-467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p456-467","url":null,"abstract":"Enterococcus genus is one of the opportunistic pathogens and responsible for mastitis in dairy animals. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of enterococci associated with subclinical mastitis in goat, cow and camels in Algeria and to assess their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 374 milk samples from udder quarters were tested for a subclinical mastitis (SCM) using the CMT. The positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for identification of Enterococcus spp by biochemical and molecular techniques using 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Eight strains of enterococci were tested to their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. The data revealed that 34, 31% of samples showed presence of SCM, meanwhile Enterococcus spp were occurred in 38.9% of positive milk. According to phenotypic criteria, 50 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium 70% (35/50) followed by Enterococcus faecalis 18% (9/50) and 12 % (6/50) were nonenterococci. Only eight isolates were confirmed to be Enterococcus spp using 16S rDNA sequencing technique. The antibiotic susceptibility showed that 85.5 % and 62.5% of Enterococcus feacium were resistant to Oxacillin and Penicillin respectively, while most of isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. In this study, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found in 37.5% of isolates. Nevertheless, 62.5% of the tested strains displayed multi-drug resistances (MDR) across different patterns. This study highlights virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which suggest continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85318694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p481-491
Y. Merzouk, Zabouri Younes, Beldjilali Asmaa Fatima, El Hachemi Mohamed Fayçal, Mohamed-Benkada Mustapha, Berrabbah Alioua Amel
The phytopathogenic filamentous fungi are responsible for the deterioration of various food products, such as fruits or vegetables, causing significant economic losses. They are also capable of producing several mycotoxins in infected plants and fruits.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered to be natural antagonists of these dangerous microorganisms. In the present study, 16 strains of LAB isolated from raw camel milk from various regions of Algeria, were the subject of phenotypic and genotypic identification, and they were tested for their antifungal activity. The well method was performed on five strains of lactic acid bacteria against four strains of the toxigenic and spoilage phytopathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, isolated from the stems, leaves, roots and fruits of tomatoes and carrots. A study of nature metabolites showed that these metabolites are stable at temperature, and keep the nature of the metabolites with the treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as Pepsin, Lysozyme and Trypsin, so their activity increases with increasing the pH of the culture medium. No loss of antifungal activity of the five selected strains was observed after treatment of the metabolites by heating at 4°C, 30°C, 45°C and 90°C. Internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR) analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to characterize and identify LAB isolates that showed varying levels of inhibition of fungal growth. Two strains of LAB, identified as Enterococcus lactis and E. faecium, had the strongest antifungal activity, suggesting potential application in food technology as bio-preservatives against phytopathogenic and food-altering fungi.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw camel milk againts Alternaria alternata and identification of antifungal substance","authors":"Y. Merzouk, Zabouri Younes, Beldjilali Asmaa Fatima, El Hachemi Mohamed Fayçal, Mohamed-Benkada Mustapha, Berrabbah Alioua Amel","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p481-491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p481-491","url":null,"abstract":"The phytopathogenic filamentous fungi are responsible for the deterioration of various food products, such as fruits or vegetables, causing significant economic losses. They are also capable of producing several mycotoxins in infected plants and fruits.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered to be natural antagonists of these dangerous microorganisms. In the present study, 16 strains of LAB isolated from raw camel milk from various regions of Algeria, were the subject of phenotypic and genotypic identification, and they were tested for their antifungal activity. The well method was performed on five strains of lactic acid bacteria against four strains of the toxigenic and spoilage phytopathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, isolated from the stems, leaves, roots and fruits of tomatoes and carrots. A study of nature metabolites showed that these metabolites are stable at temperature, and keep the nature of the metabolites with the treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as Pepsin, Lysozyme and Trypsin, so their activity increases with increasing the pH of the culture medium. No loss of antifungal activity of the five selected strains was observed after treatment of the metabolites by heating at 4°C, 30°C, 45°C and 90°C. Internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR) analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to characterize and identify LAB isolates that showed varying levels of inhibition of fungal growth. Two strains of LAB, identified as Enterococcus lactis and E. faecium, had the strongest antifungal activity, suggesting potential application in food technology as bio-preservatives against phytopathogenic and food-altering fungi.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The zebrafish is an excellent model for social, behavioural and neuroscience studies. The brain controls food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and glucose fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Caloric restriction is thought to be the main reason for disease regulation. The sensory system strengthens by altering the union of neurotrophins and synapses. The experimental groups studied in this research included control, uncontrolled diet-(overfed), 12hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs intermittent fasting, respectively. The study groups were subjected to a T-maze test to examine zebrafish memory and learning changes. The novel tank test (NTT) and light and dark (LDT) tests investigated stress-like behaviour. The levels of dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine were measured using a spectrofluorimetric method. We found behaviour and enhanced neurotransmitter levels in the groups that were subjected to intermittent fasting than the overfed and control groups which may be due to the hippocampus derived neurotrophic factor that in areas memory power and reduce anxiety from this experiment it is evident that intermittent fasting could bring a positive outcome in memory maintenance by lowering the anxiety and thereby keeping a check in neurotransmitter levels.
{"title":"Intermittent Fasting Improves Memory, Reduces Anxiety and Enhances Neurotransmitter Levels In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)","authors":"Shanmugasundaram Tamilarasan, Uthirakumar Devaraj, Ammu Ramu, Sethupathi Virumandi, Pratima Bichandarkoil Jayaram, Balamurugan Elumalai","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p499-507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p499-507","url":null,"abstract":"The zebrafish is an excellent model for social, behavioural and neuroscience studies. The brain controls food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and glucose fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Caloric restriction is thought to be the main reason for disease regulation. The sensory system strengthens by altering the union of neurotrophins and synapses. The experimental groups studied in this research included control, uncontrolled diet-(overfed), 12hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs intermittent fasting, respectively. The study groups were subjected to a T-maze test to examine zebrafish memory and learning changes. The novel tank test (NTT) and light and dark (LDT) tests investigated stress-like behaviour. The levels of dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine were measured using a spectrofluorimetric method. We found behaviour and enhanced neurotransmitter levels in the groups that were subjected to intermittent fasting than the overfed and control groups which may be due to the hippocampus derived neurotrophic factor that in areas memory power and reduce anxiety from this experiment it is evident that intermittent fasting could bring a positive outcome in memory maintenance by lowering the anxiety and thereby keeping a check in neurotransmitter levels.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84826579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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