Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100029
A. B. Ankudinov, A. Yu. Ivannikov, V. A. Zelenskii, A. B. Mikhailova, M. A. Kaplan, V. S. Yusupov
Abstract
The structure, phase composition, mechanical and magnetic properties of deformable hard magnetic Fe–30Cr–20Co–2Mo alloy obtained by sintering (1400°C, 240 min) of elemental powder compacts. The effect of quenching (1300°C, water) and stepwise heat treatment on the structure, mechanical properties during compression and magnetic characteristics of the samples is established. In the samples after sintering, a high proportion of the brittle sigma phase is recorded (~47%). The yield strength of such samples under compression is 1330 MPa with a brittle nature of fracture. After quenching, the yield strength decreases to 607 MPa, but the ductility of the samples increases. The increase in the samples ductility after quenching is associated with the fixation of the ferrite phase in the structure with a small amount of chromium oxides. After stepwise heat treatment, the ductility remains close to the ductility of quenched samples, but the yield strength increases to 1190 MPa. The Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is observed on such samples. Structural changes in the alloy during stepwise heat treatment lead to the appearance of technically suitable magnetic properties (residual induction 0.83 T, coercive force 56.4 kA/m, magnetic product 16 kJ/m3).
{"title":"Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure, Phase Composition and Properties of Deformable Hard-Magnetic Fe–30Cr–20Co–2Mo Powder Alloy","authors":"A. B. Ankudinov, A. Yu. Ivannikov, V. A. Zelenskii, A. B. Mikhailova, M. A. Kaplan, V. S. Yusupov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100029","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The structure, phase composition, mechanical and magnetic properties of deformable hard magnetic Fe–30Cr–20Co–2Mo alloy obtained by sintering (1400°C, 240 min) of elemental powder compacts. The effect of quenching (1300°C, water) and stepwise heat treatment on the structure, mechanical properties during compression and magnetic characteristics of the samples is established. In the samples after sintering, a high proportion of the brittle sigma phase is recorded (~47%). The yield strength of such samples under compression is 1330 MPa with a brittle nature of fracture. After quenching, the yield strength decreases to 607 MPa, but the ductility of the samples increases. The increase in the samples ductility after quenching is associated with the fixation of the ferrite phase in the structure with a small amount of chromium oxides. After stepwise heat treatment, the ductility remains close to the ductility of quenched samples, but the yield strength increases to 1190 MPa. The Portevin–Le Chatelier effect is observed on such samples. Structural changes in the alloy during stepwise heat treatment lead to the appearance of technically suitable magnetic properties (residual induction 0.83 T, coercive force 56.4 kA/m, magnetic product 16 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>).</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100133
Yu. A. Kuznetsov, I. N. Kravchenko, D. I. Petrovskii
Abstract
The results of studies of the elemental composition and wear resistance of coatings formed by plasma-electrolytic oxidation on aluminum alloys are presented. As a result of X-ray spectral analysis, the distribution of chemical elements was revealed, which makes it possible, to a certain extent, to judge the influence of the electrolyte used and the chemical composition of the oxidized alloy on the elemental composition of the oxide-ceramic coating. It was established that the wear rate of coatings is 4.3–4.8 times lower than that of aluminum alloys without coatings. Electrolyte composition for plasma-electrolytic oxidation of aluminum alloys was recommended.
摘要 介绍了对铝合金等离子电解氧化形成的涂层的元素组成和耐磨性的研究结果。通过 X 射线光谱分析，揭示了化学元素的分布，从而在一定程度上可以判断所用电解液和氧化合金的化学成分对氧化陶瓷涂层元素组成的影响。结果表明，涂层的磨损率比没有涂层的铝合金低 4.3-4.8 倍。推荐了用于铝合金等离子电解氧化的电解液成分。
{"title":"Study of the Elemental Composition and Wear Resistance of Coatings Obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation","authors":"Yu. A. Kuznetsov, I. N. Kravchenko, D. I. Petrovskii","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100133","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of studies of the elemental composition and wear resistance of coatings formed by plasma-electrolytic oxidation on aluminum alloys are presented. As a result of X-ray spectral analysis, the distribution of chemical elements was revealed, which makes it possible, to a certain extent, to judge the influence of the electrolyte used and the chemical composition of the oxidized alloy on the elemental composition of the oxide-ceramic coating. It was established that the wear rate of coatings is 4.3–4.8 times lower than that of aluminum alloys without coatings. Electrolyte composition for plasma-electrolytic oxidation of aluminum alloys was recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100182
M. M. Skripalenko, B. A. Romantsev, V. S. Yusupov, V. A. Andreev, S. O. Rogachev, A. A. Gartvig, Yu. A. Gladkov, M. P. Kuprikov
Abstract
Computer simulation of the processes of three- and four-roll helical rolling of a workpiece from a hard-to-deform alloy using the QForm finite element analysis computing environment was carried out. The rolling processes were simulated with equal pinch reduction and equal pinch diameters of the rolls of a three-roll mill and the main rolls of a four-roll mill. Based on the simulation results, the lengths of the actual deformation zone, the geometric deformation zone, and the external zones for both rolling schemes were compared. It was found that in the volume of the workpiece the accumulated strain is more evenly distributed during four-roll rolling and the spread of the values of the accumulated strain between the center and the surface of the workpiece is smaller. The average value of the effective stress in the cross section of the workpiece in pinch at a steady stage is less in four-roll rolling, and the distribution of effective stress values in the studied section is more uniform.
{"title":"Simulation of the Deformation Zone and Stress-Strain State during Screw Rolling of Billets from Hard-Deformed Alloy","authors":"M. M. Skripalenko, B. A. Romantsev, V. S. Yusupov, V. A. Andreev, S. O. Rogachev, A. A. Gartvig, Yu. A. Gladkov, M. P. Kuprikov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100182","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Computer simulation of the processes of three- and four-roll helical rolling of a workpiece from a hard-to-deform alloy using the QForm finite element analysis computing environment was carried out. The rolling processes were simulated with equal pinch reduction and equal pinch diameters of the rolls of a three-roll mill and the main rolls of a four-roll mill. Based on the simulation results, the lengths of the actual deformation zone, the geometric deformation zone, and the external zones for both rolling schemes were compared. It was found that in the volume of the workpiece the accumulated strain is more evenly distributed during four-roll rolling and the spread of the values of the accumulated strain between the center and the surface of the workpiece is smaller. The average value of the effective stress in the cross section of the workpiece in pinch at a steady stage is less in four-roll rolling, and the distribution of effective stress values in the studied section is more uniform.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700104
Abstract
The article provides an overview of modern ideas about biodegradation and biodeterioration and of polymer materials. The mechanisms of bacteria sedimentation and attachment and the formation of biofilms are described. Schemes of influencing abiotic and biological environmental factors are considered: the impact of polysaccharides and proteins contained in biofilms on a polymer material, implementation of enzymatic biodegradation reactions, as well as the influence of the material composition and its nature on the tendency to biodegradation.
{"title":"General Mechanism of Biological Degradation of Polymeric Materials (Review)","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700104","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The article provides an overview of modern ideas about biodegradation and biodeterioration and of polymer materials. The mechanisms of bacteria sedimentation and attachment and the formation of biofilms are described. Schemes of influencing abiotic and biological environmental factors are considered: the impact of polysaccharides and proteins contained in biofilms on a polymer material, implementation of enzymatic biodegradation reactions, as well as the influence of the material composition and its nature on the tendency to biodegradation.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700098
Abstract
This article discusses various types of protective anti-corrosion coatings for machine parts and load-bearing structures that exist today. A comparative analysis of coatings based on polymeric materials is given.
{"title":"Application of Anti-Corrosion Coatings to Protect the Elements Suspension and Load-Bearing Structures Machines (Patent Review)","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700098","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This article discusses various types of protective anti-corrosion coatings for machine parts and load-bearing structures that exist today. A comparative analysis of coatings based on polymeric materials is given.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700031
Abstract
The issues of obtaining low carbon content (less than 0.003%) in finished electrical isotropic steel (EIS) of alloy group 4 (Si >2.9% and Al >1.0%) under converter production conditions are considered. The analysis of the impact of possible technological factors on the carbon gain in the metal after decarbonization is presented. Testing of technological methods, parameters and materials confirm the possibility of ensuring the carbon content in the finished metal at a level of no more than 0.003% at the converter plant 1 (CS-1) of the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (NLMK) PJSC.
{"title":"Improvement of Electrical Isotropic Low-Carbon Converter Steelmaking. Part 3","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700031","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The issues of obtaining low carbon content (less than 0.003%) in finished electrical isotropic steel (EIS) of alloy group 4 (Si >2.9% and Al >1.0%) under converter production conditions are considered. The analysis of the impact of possible technological factors on the carbon gain in the metal after decarbonization is presented. Testing of technological methods, parameters and materials confirm the possibility of ensuring the carbon content in the finished metal at a level of no more than 0.003% at the converter plant 1 (CS-1) of the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (NLMK) PJSC.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223080090
A. O. Karfidov, N. A. Chichenev, M. V. Vasil’ev, O. N. Chicheneva
Abstract
The issues of manufacturing thin-walled cases of small devices of small-scale or single production using stepped air bending, which uses many successive V-shaped bends to obtain a large bending radius of the workpiece, are considered. The essence of step-by-step bending technology is to replace one bend of a large radius with several bends with a smaller radius and angle. A formula is given for determining the step size (length) of a step, which is equal to the distance between two sequential bends, and represents the distance by which the sheet material must be moved after each bending step. The dependence of the bending angle on the stroke of the punch corresponding to the given bending step is given.
{"title":"Step Bending of Sheet Metal in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Body Parts","authors":"A. O. Karfidov, N. A. Chichenev, M. V. Vasil’ev, O. N. Chicheneva","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223080090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223080090","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The issues of manufacturing thin-walled cases of small devices of small-scale or single production using stepped air bending, which uses many successive V-shaped bends to obtain a large bending radius of the workpiece, are considered. The essence of step-by-step bending technology is to replace one bend of a large radius with several bends with a smaller radius and angle. A formula is given for determining the step size (length) of a step, which is equal to the distance between two sequential bends, and represents the distance by which the sheet material must be moved after each bending step. The dependence of the bending angle on the stroke of the punch corresponding to the given bending step is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223090073
N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, S. S. Sorokin, V. V. Petrova, A. L. Galinovskii, A. G. Orlik, D. V. Stroitelev
Abstract
The effect of chromium carbide upon introducing into the charge mixture for a flux-cored wire exerted on the structure and properties of weld-deposited metal is considered. The welding deposition has been performed using a flux-cored wire in a protective gas environment. The composition of the flux-cored wires is chosen in such a way as to provide a weld-deposited metal based on the system of Cr–B–Nb–C alloyed iron. It has been shown that in the course of the welding deposition, chromium carbide decomposes, which results in alloying the weld-deposited metal with chromium and carbon and leads, in turn, to the formation of chromium carbides in the weld-deposited metal, as well as to an increase in the hardness of the deposited layer. On average, the presence of chromium carbide in the charge mixture of the flux-cored wire leads to an increase in the wear resistance of the weld-deposited metal.
{"title":"Effect of Chromium Carbide on the Structure and Properties of Weld-Deposited Metal Introduced into the Charge Mixture of a Flux-Cored Wire","authors":"N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, S. S. Sorokin, V. V. Petrova, A. L. Galinovskii, A. G. Orlik, D. V. Stroitelev","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223090073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090073","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of chromium carbide upon introducing into the charge mixture for a flux-cored wire exerted on the structure and properties of weld-deposited metal is considered. The welding deposition has been performed using a flux-cored wire in a protective gas environment. The composition of the flux-cored wires is chosen in such a way as to provide a weld-deposited metal based on the system of Cr–B–Nb–C alloyed iron. It has been shown that in the course of the welding deposition, chromium carbide decomposes, which results in alloying the weld-deposited metal with chromium and carbon and leads, in turn, to the formation of chromium carbides in the weld-deposited metal, as well as to an increase in the hardness of the deposited layer. On average, the presence of chromium carbide in the charge mixture of the flux-cored wire leads to an increase in the wear resistance of the weld-deposited metal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s096709122309019x
V. A. Zorin, Nguyen Chong Min, Ta Ngok Thang, Yu. G. Val’ko
Abstract
The article presents the results of laboratory studies of the patterns of changes in the technical condition of hydraulic cylinders. Operability and reliability depend on the degree of wear and clearances in the tribocouplings of the hydraulic cylinders. The higher is the total clearance, the lower is the working fluid pressure in the hydraulic cylinder. In the course of the study, methods of mathematical statistics and modeling have been used. The convergence of the results of mathematical modeling and laboratory studies of the technical condition of hydraulic cylinders has been experimentally confirmed.
{"title":"Analysis of Accuracy of Diagnostic Model of Hydraulic Cylinders of Transport and Technological Machines","authors":"V. A. Zorin, Nguyen Chong Min, Ta Ngok Thang, Yu. G. Val’ko","doi":"10.3103/s096709122309019x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s096709122309019x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article presents the results of laboratory studies of the patterns of changes in the technical condition of hydraulic cylinders. Operability and reliability depend on the degree of wear and clearances in the tribocouplings of the hydraulic cylinders. The higher is the total clearance, the lower is the working fluid pressure in the hydraulic cylinder. In the course of the study, methods of mathematical statistics and modeling have been used. The convergence of the results of mathematical modeling and laboratory studies of the technical condition of hydraulic cylinders has been experimentally confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223090164
N. K. Tagieva, A. V. Fomin, A. A. Babchenko
Abstract
In the paper, it is justified that it is a good idea to use composite materials in the service of containers for storage and transportation of various types of chemically active liquids. The applicability of these materials is proved, the conditions that indicate the impact on the strength and performance characteristics of containers are determined. The use of a polymer resin reinforced with a fiberglass frame as a composite material is considered.
{"title":"Use of New Materials in the Manufacture of Containers to Store Anti-Icing Fluid at Civil Aviation Airfields","authors":"N. K. Tagieva, A. V. Fomin, A. A. Babchenko","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223090164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090164","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the paper, it is justified that it is a good idea to use composite materials in the service of containers for storage and transportation of various types of chemically active liquids. The applicability of these materials is proved, the conditions that indicate the impact on the strength and performance characteristics of containers are determined. The use of a polymer resin reinforced with a fiberglass frame as a composite material is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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