Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100157
M. V. Maisuradze, M. A. Ryzhkov, A. A. Kuklina, V. V. Nazarova, E. V. Antakov
Abstract
In this paper, we study the effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of high-strength D6AC steel with a bainite and martensite structure. The transformations occurring in steel during heat treatment above and below 0°C was dilatometrically studied. Cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen is shown to lead to almost complete restoration of the sample size, which indicates a decrease in the fraction of retained austenite in the structure. This is confirmed by the results of X-ray diffraction analysis. Cryogenic treatment is established to lead to increasing the strength properties and reducing the ductility of D6AC steel.
{"title":"Effect of Cryogenic Processing on the Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength Steel D6AC","authors":"M. V. Maisuradze, M. A. Ryzhkov, A. A. Kuklina, V. V. Nazarova, E. V. Antakov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100157","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this paper, we study the effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of high-strength D6AC steel with a bainite and martensite structure. The transformations occurring in steel during heat treatment above and below 0°C was dilatometrically studied. Cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen is shown to lead to almost complete restoration of the sample size, which indicates a decrease in the fraction of retained austenite in the structure. This is confirmed by the results of X-ray diffraction analysis. Cryogenic treatment is established to lead to increasing the strength properties and reducing the ductility of D6AC steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100042
I. V. Bakin, I. V. Ryabchikov, V. G. Mizin, A. O. Romashko, R. G. Usmanov
Abstract
Based on the results of theoretical and laboratory studies of structural steel ladle processing with multicomponent aluminum-containing modifiers with alkaline earth metals (AEMs), the thermodynamic and technological advantages of using Ca–Al and Ba–Al complexes instead of standard technology (deoxidation with aluminum and modification with silicocalcium) have been identified. The use of a complex microcrystalline alloy Fe–Si–Al–Ca–Ba makes it possible to combine the processes of deoxidation and refining of steel, reduce metal contamination with non-metallic inclusions (NI), reduce deoxidizer consumption and the duration of melt processing in the ladle.
{"title":"On Joint Deoxidation and Refining of Steel with Complex Alloys","authors":"I. V. Bakin, I. V. Ryabchikov, V. G. Mizin, A. O. Romashko, R. G. Usmanov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100042","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on the results of theoretical and laboratory studies of structural steel ladle processing with multicomponent aluminum-containing modifiers with alkaline earth metals (AEMs), the thermodynamic and technological advantages of using Ca–Al and Ba–Al complexes instead of standard technology (deoxidation with aluminum and modification with silicocalcium) have been identified. The use of a complex microcrystalline alloy Fe–Si–Al–Ca–Ba makes it possible to combine the processes of deoxidation and refining of steel, reduce metal contamination with non-metallic inclusions (NI), reduce deoxidizer consumption and the duration of melt processing in the ladle.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223100182
M. M. Skripalenko, B. A. Romantsev, V. S. Yusupov, V. A. Andreev, S. O. Rogachev, A. A. Gartvig, Yu. A. Gladkov, M. P. Kuprikov
Abstract
Computer simulation of the processes of three- and four-roll helical rolling of a workpiece from a hard-to-deform alloy using the QForm finite element analysis computing environment was carried out. The rolling processes were simulated with equal pinch reduction and equal pinch diameters of the rolls of a three-roll mill and the main rolls of a four-roll mill. Based on the simulation results, the lengths of the actual deformation zone, the geometric deformation zone, and the external zones for both rolling schemes were compared. It was found that in the volume of the workpiece the accumulated strain is more evenly distributed during four-roll rolling and the spread of the values of the accumulated strain between the center and the surface of the workpiece is smaller. The average value of the effective stress in the cross section of the workpiece in pinch at a steady stage is less in four-roll rolling, and the distribution of effective stress values in the studied section is more uniform.
{"title":"Simulation of the Deformation Zone and Stress-Strain State during Screw Rolling of Billets from Hard-Deformed Alloy","authors":"M. M. Skripalenko, B. A. Romantsev, V. S. Yusupov, V. A. Andreev, S. O. Rogachev, A. A. Gartvig, Yu. A. Gladkov, M. P. Kuprikov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223100182","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Computer simulation of the processes of three- and four-roll helical rolling of a workpiece from a hard-to-deform alloy using the QForm finite element analysis computing environment was carried out. The rolling processes were simulated with equal pinch reduction and equal pinch diameters of the rolls of a three-roll mill and the main rolls of a four-roll mill. Based on the simulation results, the lengths of the actual deformation zone, the geometric deformation zone, and the external zones for both rolling schemes were compared. It was found that in the volume of the workpiece the accumulated strain is more evenly distributed during four-roll rolling and the spread of the values of the accumulated strain between the center and the surface of the workpiece is smaller. The average value of the effective stress in the cross section of the workpiece in pinch at a steady stage is less in four-roll rolling, and the distribution of effective stress values in the studied section is more uniform.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700104
Abstract
The article provides an overview of modern ideas about biodegradation and biodeterioration and of polymer materials. The mechanisms of bacteria sedimentation and attachment and the formation of biofilms are described. Schemes of influencing abiotic and biological environmental factors are considered: the impact of polysaccharides and proteins contained in biofilms on a polymer material, implementation of enzymatic biodegradation reactions, as well as the influence of the material composition and its nature on the tendency to biodegradation.
{"title":"General Mechanism of Biological Degradation of Polymeric Materials (Review)","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700104","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The article provides an overview of modern ideas about biodegradation and biodeterioration and of polymer materials. The mechanisms of bacteria sedimentation and attachment and the formation of biofilms are described. Schemes of influencing abiotic and biological environmental factors are considered: the impact of polysaccharides and proteins contained in biofilms on a polymer material, implementation of enzymatic biodegradation reactions, as well as the influence of the material composition and its nature on the tendency to biodegradation.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700098
Abstract
This article discusses various types of protective anti-corrosion coatings for machine parts and load-bearing structures that exist today. A comparative analysis of coatings based on polymeric materials is given.
{"title":"Application of Anti-Corrosion Coatings to Protect the Elements Suspension and Load-Bearing Structures Machines (Patent Review)","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700098","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This article discusses various types of protective anti-corrosion coatings for machine parts and load-bearing structures that exist today. A comparative analysis of coatings based on polymeric materials is given.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700031
Abstract
The issues of obtaining low carbon content (less than 0.003%) in finished electrical isotropic steel (EIS) of alloy group 4 (Si >2.9% and Al >1.0%) under converter production conditions are considered. The analysis of the impact of possible technological factors on the carbon gain in the metal after decarbonization is presented. Testing of technological methods, parameters and materials confirm the possibility of ensuring the carbon content in the finished metal at a level of no more than 0.003% at the converter plant 1 (CS-1) of the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (NLMK) PJSC.
{"title":"Improvement of Electrical Isotropic Low-Carbon Converter Steelmaking. Part 3","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700031","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The issues of obtaining low carbon content (less than 0.003%) in finished electrical isotropic steel (EIS) of alloy group 4 (Si >2.9% and Al >1.0%) under converter production conditions are considered. The analysis of the impact of possible technological factors on the carbon gain in the metal after decarbonization is presented. Testing of technological methods, parameters and materials confirm the possibility of ensuring the carbon content in the finished metal at a level of no more than 0.003% at the converter plant 1 (CS-1) of the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant (NLMK) PJSC.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223080090
A. O. Karfidov, N. A. Chichenev, M. V. Vasil’ev, O. N. Chicheneva
Abstract
The issues of manufacturing thin-walled cases of small devices of small-scale or single production using stepped air bending, which uses many successive V-shaped bends to obtain a large bending radius of the workpiece, are considered. The essence of step-by-step bending technology is to replace one bend of a large radius with several bends with a smaller radius and angle. A formula is given for determining the step size (length) of a step, which is equal to the distance between two sequential bends, and represents the distance by which the sheet material must be moved after each bending step. The dependence of the bending angle on the stroke of the punch corresponding to the given bending step is given.
{"title":"Step Bending of Sheet Metal in the Manufacture of Thin-Walled Body Parts","authors":"A. O. Karfidov, N. A. Chichenev, M. V. Vasil’ev, O. N. Chicheneva","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223080090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223080090","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The issues of manufacturing thin-walled cases of small devices of small-scale or single production using stepped air bending, which uses many successive V-shaped bends to obtain a large bending radius of the workpiece, are considered. The essence of step-by-step bending technology is to replace one bend of a large radius with several bends with a smaller radius and angle. A formula is given for determining the step size (length) of a step, which is equal to the distance between two sequential bends, and represents the distance by which the sheet material must be moved after each bending step. The dependence of the bending angle on the stroke of the punch corresponding to the given bending step is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223090073
N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, S. S. Sorokin, V. V. Petrova, A. L. Galinovskii, A. G. Orlik, D. V. Stroitelev
Abstract
The effect of chromium carbide upon introducing into the charge mixture for a flux-cored wire exerted on the structure and properties of weld-deposited metal is considered. The welding deposition has been performed using a flux-cored wire in a protective gas environment. The composition of the flux-cored wires is chosen in such a way as to provide a weld-deposited metal based on the system of Cr–B–Nb–C alloyed iron. It has been shown that in the course of the welding deposition, chromium carbide decomposes, which results in alloying the weld-deposited metal with chromium and carbon and leads, in turn, to the formation of chromium carbides in the weld-deposited metal, as well as to an increase in the hardness of the deposited layer. On average, the presence of chromium carbide in the charge mixture of the flux-cored wire leads to an increase in the wear resistance of the weld-deposited metal.
{"title":"Effect of Chromium Carbide on the Structure and Properties of Weld-Deposited Metal Introduced into the Charge Mixture of a Flux-Cored Wire","authors":"N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, S. S. Sorokin, V. V. Petrova, A. L. Galinovskii, A. G. Orlik, D. V. Stroitelev","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223090073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090073","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of chromium carbide upon introducing into the charge mixture for a flux-cored wire exerted on the structure and properties of weld-deposited metal is considered. The welding deposition has been performed using a flux-cored wire in a protective gas environment. The composition of the flux-cored wires is chosen in such a way as to provide a weld-deposited metal based on the system of Cr–B–Nb–C alloyed iron. It has been shown that in the course of the welding deposition, chromium carbide decomposes, which results in alloying the weld-deposited metal with chromium and carbon and leads, in turn, to the formation of chromium carbides in the weld-deposited metal, as well as to an increase in the hardness of the deposited layer. On average, the presence of chromium carbide in the charge mixture of the flux-cored wire leads to an increase in the wear resistance of the weld-deposited metal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223090164
N. K. Tagieva, A. V. Fomin, A. A. Babchenko
Abstract
In the paper, it is justified that it is a good idea to use composite materials in the service of containers for storage and transportation of various types of chemically active liquids. The applicability of these materials is proved, the conditions that indicate the impact on the strength and performance characteristics of containers are determined. The use of a polymer resin reinforced with a fiberglass frame as a composite material is considered.
{"title":"Use of New Materials in the Manufacture of Containers to Store Anti-Icing Fluid at Civil Aviation Airfields","authors":"N. K. Tagieva, A. V. Fomin, A. A. Babchenko","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223090164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090164","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the paper, it is justified that it is a good idea to use composite materials in the service of containers for storage and transportation of various types of chemically active liquids. The applicability of these materials is proved, the conditions that indicate the impact on the strength and performance characteristics of containers are determined. The use of a polymer resin reinforced with a fiberglass frame as a composite material is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223090061
T. N. Egunova
Abstract
The composition and features of the manufacture of epoxy-sand composite specimens, which is used in the repair of road-building machines, are considered. The determination results of wear resistance of the epoxy-sand composite are present. It is shown that the friction properties of the material depend on the concentration of dispersed particles. It has been found out that reducing the filler concentration provides the best wear resistance of epoxy-sand composites.
{"title":"Determination of Wear Resistance of Epoxy-Sand Composites Used in Machine Repairs","authors":"T. N. Egunova","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223090061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090061","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The composition and features of the manufacture of epoxy-sand composite specimens, which is used in the repair of road-building machines, are considered. The determination results of wear resistance of the epoxy-sand composite are present. It is shown that the friction properties of the material depend on the concentration of dispersed particles. It has been found out that reducing the filler concentration provides the best wear resistance of epoxy-sand composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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