Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp46-50
V. Pechenkina, A. I. Vshivkova, Ilya Alekseevich Tarbeev, R. Vyatkina, Konstantin Arturovich Maron
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is important food crop in Russia. The study of the genetic diversity of crops is carried out using molecular markers. To identify effective primers, ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats), a method for determining DNA polymorphism, was used.The selection of ISSR primers was carried out according to the largest number of polymorphic DNA fragments, their clear amplification and reproducibility in repeated PCR. Of the 22 analyzed ISSR primers with the total DNA of S. cereale, 5 ISSR primers demonstrated high efficiency for the studied 5 winter rye varieties. For further molecular genetic analysis of S. cereale, the following four dinucleotide ISSR primers (M1 (AC)8CG, ISSR-5 (AG)8CA, CR-215 (CT)6TG, CR-218 (GA)6CC) and one trinucleotide ISSR primer X10 (AGC)6C. The identified ISSR primers will make it possible to determine the genetic
{"title":"Identification of effective primers for varieties of winter rye Secale cereals L.","authors":"V. Pechenkina, A. I. Vshivkova, Ilya Alekseevich Tarbeev, R. Vyatkina, Konstantin Arturovich Maron","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp46-50","url":null,"abstract":"Rye (Secale cereale L.) is important food crop in Russia. The study of the genetic diversity of crops is carried out using molecular markers. To identify effective primers, ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats), a method for determining DNA polymorphism, was used.The selection of ISSR primers was carried out according to the largest number of polymorphic DNA fragments, their clear amplification and reproducibility in repeated PCR. Of the 22 analyzed ISSR primers with the total DNA of S. cereale, 5 ISSR primers demonstrated high efficiency for the studied 5 winter rye varieties. For further molecular genetic analysis of S. cereale, the following four dinucleotide ISSR primers (M1 (AC)8CG, ISSR-5 (AG)8CA, CR-215 (CT)6TG, CR-218 (GA)6CC) and one trinucleotide ISSR primer X10 (AGC)6C. The identified ISSR primers will make it possible to determine the genetic","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124417853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp70-74
D. Leutina, M. E. Gontov, E. Prishchep, A. Gerasimova
Increasing the dairy productivity of cows is the main goal of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding. The main method of purebred cattle breeding is considered to be breeding by lines and families. In the herds of five padigree farms of the Smolensk region for the breeding of the Brown Swiss breed of cattle 160 main families with a total number of 2285 cows have been established. The number of families on farms ranged from 17 to 40 with the number of animals from 235 to 502, in each. The main indicators of dairy productivity of cows in individual families are determined, the most promising for further breeding work are identified. The best families were formed in the breeding reproducer of the SPC "Druzhba" with record indicators of dairy productivity of cows for the breed. So in the Nevesta's family 917 cows were received: Zlata 2259 (3 – 305 – 8953 -3.94% – 3.31%); Dona 313 (2 – 305 – 11184 – 3.76% – 3.64 %). The Index of genetic similarity between animals of individual families calculated using immunogenetic markers revealed significant differences in the hereditary characteristics of the compared groups.
{"title":"Families of Brown Swiss cows in breeding farms of the Smolensk region","authors":"D. Leutina, M. E. Gontov, E. Prishchep, A. Gerasimova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp70-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp70-74","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the dairy productivity of cows is the main goal of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding. The main method of purebred cattle breeding is considered to be breeding by lines and families. In the herds of five padigree farms of the Smolensk region for the breeding of the Brown Swiss breed of cattle 160 main families with a total number of 2285 cows have been established. The number of families on farms ranged from 17 to 40 with the number of animals from 235 to 502, in each. The main indicators of dairy productivity of cows in individual families are determined, the most promising for further breeding work are identified. The best families were formed in the breeding reproducer of the SPC \"Druzhba\" with record indicators of dairy productivity of cows for the breed. So in the Nevesta's family 917 cows were received: Zlata 2259 (3 – 305 – 8953 -3.94% – 3.31%); Dona 313 (2 – 305 – 11184 – 3.76% – 3.64 %). The Index of genetic similarity between animals of individual families calculated using immunogenetic markers revealed significant differences in the hereditary characteristics of the compared groups.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130660685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp122-127
Vasily Mikhailovich Boikov, S. Startsev, A. Pavlov, E. S. Nesterov
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the sealing of crop residues and their distribution over the depth of the cultivated soil layer by known general-purpose ploughshares without ploughshares. The research was carried out in fields with agrophones of winter wheat, chickpeas and winter rapeseed. The plowing of dark chestnut soils located in the steppe soil-climatic zone of the Left-Bank district of the Saratov region was carried out by aggregates K-701+PNL-8-40, K-701+PSK-8 and T-150K+PLN-5-35. As a result of field experiments, it was found out that straw, pollen and stubble are embedded in the soil in accordance with established agrotechnical requirements, more than 80%. Crop and plant residues are located in the bulk in the deep layers of the cultivated soil. Part of the stubble in an inclined position is located in the places where the layers of adjacent passages of the plow hulls meet. The design of the ploughshare-dump surface of the housing does not allow managing the upper organic-enriched soil layer.
{"title":"Results of studies on the sealing of crop residues of leguminous crops with ploughshares","authors":"Vasily Mikhailovich Boikov, S. Startsev, A. Pavlov, E. S. Nesterov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp122-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp122-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental studies of the sealing of crop residues and their distribution over the depth of the cultivated soil layer by known general-purpose ploughshares without ploughshares. The research was carried out in fields with agrophones of winter wheat, chickpeas and winter rapeseed. The plowing of dark chestnut soils located in the steppe soil-climatic zone of the Left-Bank district of the Saratov region was carried out by aggregates K-701+PNL-8-40, K-701+PSK-8 and T-150K+PLN-5-35. As a result of field experiments, it was found out that straw, pollen and stubble are embedded in the soil in accordance with established agrotechnical requirements, more than 80%. Crop and plant residues are located in the bulk in the deep layers of the cultivated soil. Part of the stubble in an inclined position is located in the places where the layers of adjacent passages of the plow hulls meet. The design of the ploughshare-dump surface of the housing does not allow managing the upper organic-enriched soil layer.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp51-57
I. I. Pluzhnikova, N. V. Kriushin, I. V. Bakulova
The paper analyzes the influence of protective measures, seed dressing and ground processing of non-narcotic hemp fields on the morphometric parameters of plants, damage by pests and diseases, and crop yield. The article focuses on the effect of dressing agents in various combinations on the growth processes of cannabis seeds in the early stages of development. In tests, laboratory and field, seed treatments with Benorade and Celeste Top played the greatest stimulating role. The best results in reducing plant damage by Psylloides attenuate (Koch) 66.7 and 60.0% with a duration of protection of up to four to five pairs of leaves were obtained with the use of Tabu + Albit preparations for seed treatment and Samurai Super insecticide for ground application. With the help of Celeste Top in combination with the studied fungicides, root rot was suppressed, while the prevalence of the disease was reduced by 24.4 and 24.8% compared with the absolute control. A high increase in the yield of stems was guaranteed by the treatment of plants with an insecticide and seeds with Celest Top preparations in combination with Albit and Benorad 2.19 and 2.10 t/ha. A significant increase in seed yield was recorded in the variants when seeds were disinfected with the developed compositions Bunker + Celeste Top, Taboo and Benorade + Celeste Top 0.29 and 0.24 t/ha with the involvement of an insecticide during ground cultivation of the crop.
{"title":"The effectiveness of various methods of protection against hemp flea and the use of dressing from root rot in the hemp cultivation","authors":"I. I. Pluzhnikova, N. V. Kriushin, I. V. Bakulova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp51-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp51-57","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the influence of protective measures, seed dressing and ground processing of non-narcotic hemp fields on the morphometric parameters of plants, damage by pests and diseases, and crop yield. The article focuses on the effect of dressing agents in various combinations on the growth processes of cannabis seeds in the early stages of development. In tests, laboratory and field, seed treatments with Benorade and Celeste Top played the greatest stimulating role. The best results in reducing plant damage by Psylloides attenuate (Koch) 66.7 and 60.0% with a duration of protection of up to four to five pairs of leaves were obtained with the use of Tabu + Albit preparations for seed treatment and Samurai Super insecticide for ground application. With the help of Celeste Top in combination with the studied fungicides, root rot was suppressed, while the prevalence of the disease was reduced by 24.4 and 24.8% compared with the absolute control. A high increase in the yield of stems was guaranteed by the treatment of plants with an insecticide and seeds with Celest Top preparations in combination with Albit and Benorad 2.19 and 2.10 t/ha. A significant increase in seed yield was recorded in the variants when seeds were disinfected with the developed compositions Bunker + Celeste Top, Taboo and Benorade + Celeste Top 0.29 and 0.24 t/ha with the involvement of an insecticide during ground cultivation of the crop.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115440794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp87-90
A. M. Semivolos, Valery Aleksandrovich Agoltsov, S. A. Semivolos, Larisa Pavlovna Padilo, Glafira Dmitrievna Skvortsova
The article presents the results of the spread of various forms of endometritis in cows. At the same time, the subclinical form of endometritis was most often recorded (22.48%). Intrauterine administration of Metricef allows achieving fruitful insemination of cows (82.35%). Positive results in restoring fertility in cows with subclinical endometritis can also be obtained after treatment with the anti-mastitis preparation dienomast. Fertilization of animals after its application was 76.47%.
{"title":"Evaluation of treatment methods for cows with subclinical endometritis","authors":"A. M. Semivolos, Valery Aleksandrovich Agoltsov, S. A. Semivolos, Larisa Pavlovna Padilo, Glafira Dmitrievna Skvortsova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp87-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp87-90","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the spread of various forms of endometritis in cows. At the same time, the subclinical form of endometritis was most often recorded (22.48%). Intrauterine administration of Metricef allows achieving fruitful insemination of cows (82.35%). Positive results in restoring fertility in cows with subclinical endometritis can also be obtained after treatment with the anti-mastitis preparation dienomast. Fertilization of animals after its application was 76.47%.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128683619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp147-150
S. Semichev, R. Filippov
The article presents the results of a field experiment of a developed controlled attachment device (UNU-3) as part of an aggregate with an MTZ-1221 tractor and a mounted cultivator KON-2.8 and provides recommendations for its use. It was found that when using a controlled mounted device, the range of variations in the numerical values of the deviation of the cultivator axis from the line set by the navigation equipment at the speed of the unit from 1.39 m/s to 1.94 m/s ranged from 0.08 to 0.04, which is 2-4 times less than without using the device, respectively. The process of functioning of a controlled attachment is described. It is determined that this device will increase the positioning level of the aggregated gun by minimizing the transverse displacement.
{"title":"Optimal operating modes of the agricultural implement position control device in the unit","authors":"S. Semichev, R. Filippov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp147-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp147-150","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a field experiment of a developed controlled attachment device (UNU-3) as part of an aggregate with an MTZ-1221 tractor and a mounted cultivator KON-2.8 and provides recommendations for its use. It was found that when using a controlled mounted device, the range of variations in the numerical values of the deviation of the cultivator axis from the line set by the navigation equipment at the speed of the unit from 1.39 m/s to 1.94 m/s ranged from 0.08 to 0.04, which is 2-4 times less than without using the device, respectively. The process of functioning of a controlled attachment is described. It is determined that this device will increase the positioning level of the aggregated gun by minimizing the transverse displacement.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128196310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp40-45
A. V. Panfilov, V. Popov, Olga Gennadievna Udalova, Natalia Evgenievna Kuryleva, E. G. Panfilova, Evgeny Nikolaevich Martynov
Under irrigation conditions, weeds reduce agricultural production. On irrigated lands in the conditions of the Volga region in the system of forest strips, weeds grow faster. The measures applied in the fight against weeds, depending on the species composition, are primarily an obstacle to their penetration into the fields and measures that are used in the fight against weeds in the irrigated field. In agricultural production, when irrigation is carried out in the system of forest strips, weed control must be carried out taking into account the species composition of weeds that determine the type of contamination and the economic threshold of harmfulness. Agrotechnical weed control measures have the maximum effect in the weed control system, primarily in combination with chemical protection of crops from weeds.
{"title":"Species composition and features of weed control on irrigated lands in the system of forest strips","authors":"A. V. Panfilov, V. Popov, Olga Gennadievna Udalova, Natalia Evgenievna Kuryleva, E. G. Panfilova, Evgeny Nikolaevich Martynov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp40-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp40-45","url":null,"abstract":"Under irrigation conditions, weeds reduce agricultural production. On irrigated lands in the conditions of the Volga region in the system of forest strips, weeds grow faster. The measures applied in the fight against weeds, depending on the species composition, are primarily an obstacle to their penetration into the fields and measures that are used in the fight against weeds in the irrigated field. In agricultural production, when irrigation is carried out in the system of forest strips, weed control must be carried out taking into account the species composition of weeds that determine the type of contamination and the economic threshold of harmfulness. Agrotechnical weed control measures have the maximum effect in the weed control system, primarily in combination with chemical protection of crops from weeds.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp97-101
Pyotr Ivanovich Tishenkov, A. A. Vasiliev, Dmitry Vladimirovich Bykov
The article presents data on the chemical, fatty acid composition of beef and pork meat in various types of fattening. The nutritive value of beef obtained from grain and traditional cattle feeding, as well as concentrate-type pork was studied. Significant differences in the content of protein, fat, individual fatty acids in meat are shown: saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated. It has been established that the concentrate type of feeding cattle leads to a violation of scar digestion and metabolic processes in the animal body. Long-term, for 200 days, feeding a large amount of grain leads to a fivefold increase in the content of fat in beef, a decrease of 23.2% in the concentration of protein in muscle tissue compared to beef obtained according to traditional technology and 3.1% with concentrate-type pork of fattening, therefore, and quality.
{"title":"Fatty acid composition of beef and pork with different types of animal fattening","authors":"Pyotr Ivanovich Tishenkov, A. A. Vasiliev, Dmitry Vladimirovich Bykov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp97-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp97-101","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the chemical, fatty acid composition of beef and pork meat in various types of fattening. The nutritive value of beef obtained from grain and traditional cattle feeding, as well as concentrate-type pork was studied. Significant differences in the content of protein, fat, individual fatty acids in meat are shown: saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated. It has been established that the concentrate type of feeding cattle leads to a violation of scar digestion and metabolic processes in the animal body. Long-term, for 200 days, feeding a large amount of grain leads to a fivefold increase in the content of fat in beef, a decrease of 23.2% in the concentration of protein in muscle tissue compared to beef obtained according to traditional technology and 3.1% with concentrate-type pork of fattening, therefore, and quality.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"58 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128258348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp102-106
I. Tletseruk, N. Konik, V. V. Golembovsky, M. Ulimbashev
The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the dairy productivity of Swiss cows of different origin. The superiority in milk yield of the first heifers of the brown Swiss breed of Austrian breeding in all months of lactation over the peers of other groups has been established. At the same time, the lactation curves of imported heifers and their hybrids with local Shvits indicate that the maximum levels of productivity were observed in earlier periods – for 2-3 months lactation, whereas in individuals of the local population – for 3-4 months. After the peak of the productivity of the experimental livestock, the Austrian and crossbred Swiss heifers, whose lactation curve was relatively equalized, were the best preserved at the achieved milk yield level, while the local Swiss heifers had a sharp decline. The highest level of milk yield was distinguished by the first heifers of imported breeding, which surpassed both half-blooded peers (by 686 kg, P>0,999) and individuals of the local population (by 1656 kg, P>0,999). Imported animals, as well as crossbreeds, exceeded the yield of milk fat by 37,8-62,7 kg (P>0,999) and milk protein by 31,8–54,1 kg (P>0,999) of the peers of the brown Swiss breed of the local population.
本文介绍了对不同产地的瑞士奶牛的产奶能力进行比较评估的结果。在哺乳期的所有月份里，奥地利繁殖的棕色瑞士品种的第一头小母牛的产奶量优于其他群体的同类，这一点已经确立。与此同时，进口小母牛及其与当地Shvits杂交的泌乳曲线表明，在较早时期(泌乳2-3个月)观察到最高生产力水平，而在当地种群个体中，最高生产力水平为3-4个月。在试验家畜生产能力达到峰值后，泌乳曲线相对均衡的奥系和杂交瑞士小母牛在达到产奶量水平上保持得最好，而瑞士本地小母牛则急剧下降。产奶量最高的是进口的第一头小母牛，其产奶量超过了同血统的同类(686公斤，P>0,999)和当地人口个体(1656公斤，P>0,999)。进口动物和杂交品种的乳脂和乳蛋白产量分别比当地人口的瑞士棕色品种高出37,8-62,7 kg (P>0,999)和31,8 - 54,1 kg (P>0,999)。
{"title":"Dairy productivity of Swiss cows of different origin","authors":"I. Tletseruk, N. Konik, V. V. Golembovsky, M. Ulimbashev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp102-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp102-106","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the dairy productivity of Swiss cows of different origin. The superiority in milk yield of the first heifers of the brown Swiss breed of Austrian breeding in all months of lactation over the peers of other groups has been established. At the same time, the lactation curves of imported heifers and their hybrids with local Shvits indicate that the maximum levels of productivity were observed in earlier periods – for 2-3 months lactation, whereas in individuals of the local population – for 3-4 months. After the peak of the productivity of the experimental livestock, the Austrian and crossbred Swiss heifers, whose lactation curve was relatively equalized, were the best preserved at the achieved milk yield level, while the local Swiss heifers had a sharp decline. The highest level of milk yield was distinguished by the first heifers of imported breeding, which surpassed both half-blooded peers (by 686 kg, P>0,999) and individuals of the local population (by 1656 kg, P>0,999). Imported animals, as well as crossbreeds, exceeded the yield of milk fat by 37,8-62,7 kg (P>0,999) and milk protein by 31,8–54,1 kg (P>0,999) of the peers of the brown Swiss breed of the local population.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130269672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp12-17
Vera Aleksandrovna Gushchina, A. S. Lykova, Alexander Sergeevich Korolev
To obtain environmentally friendly products, in the technology of cultivating agricultural crops, the basis of modern weed control should be agricultural practices. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to select the optimal seeding rate and sowing method for white mustard, which increase the self-regulation of the number of weeds in the agrocenosis to obtain the highest seed yield. The experiment was carried out in 2020–2022 on the meadow-chernozem soil of the experimental plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University. The weather conditions during the years of research were different, but they met the requirements for the growth and development of white mustard. The growing season of mustard in the first and third years passed under conditions of sufficient moisture at the optimum temperature regime (HTC 1.3 and 1.0, respectively). In the second year of research, drier conditions developed, when the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.87. On average, the minimum infestation of mustard crops before harvesting was traced with an ordinary sowing method of 36-51 pcs/m2 with a wet weight of weeds of 75.8-106.0 g/m2, while with a wide-row method their number was 43-62 pcs/m2 with a mass of 91.0-129.2 g/m2, where the feeding area increased not only for cultivated, but also for weeds. Moreover, the agrocenosis was the cleanest with the maximum seeding rate (3 million germinating seeds/ha) and mustard sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, where the vegetative mass actively suppressed weeds. The highest infestation in terms of quantity and weight of the weed component was established at a rate of 1.5 million and mustard sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm. Plants with row sowing with a seeding rate of 2.0-2.5 million germinating seeds/ha were more competitive, while providing a maximum oilseed yield of 2.46-2.58 t/ha.
{"title":"Infestation of white mustard agrocenosis, depending on agricultural practices in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region","authors":"Vera Aleksandrovna Gushchina, A. S. Lykova, Alexander Sergeevich Korolev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i6pp12-17","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain environmentally friendly products, in the technology of cultivating agricultural crops, the basis of modern weed control should be agricultural practices. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to select the optimal seeding rate and sowing method for white mustard, which increase the self-regulation of the number of weeds in the agrocenosis to obtain the highest seed yield. The experiment was carried out in 2020–2022 on the meadow-chernozem soil of the experimental plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Penza State Agrarian University. The weather conditions during the years of research were different, but they met the requirements for the growth and development of white mustard. The growing season of mustard in the first and third years passed under conditions of sufficient moisture at the optimum temperature regime (HTC 1.3 and 1.0, respectively). In the second year of research, drier conditions developed, when the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.87. On average, the minimum infestation of mustard crops before harvesting was traced with an ordinary sowing method of 36-51 pcs/m2 with a wet weight of weeds of 75.8-106.0 g/m2, while with a wide-row method their number was 43-62 pcs/m2 with a mass of 91.0-129.2 g/m2, where the feeding area increased not only for cultivated, but also for weeds. Moreover, the agrocenosis was the cleanest with the maximum seeding rate (3 million germinating seeds/ha) and mustard sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, where the vegetative mass actively suppressed weeds. The highest infestation in terms of quantity and weight of the weed component was established at a rate of 1.5 million and mustard sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm. Plants with row sowing with a seeding rate of 2.0-2.5 million germinating seeds/ha were more competitive, while providing a maximum oilseed yield of 2.46-2.58 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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