Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp16-23
Ainur Magammed Karimova
Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has resulted in significant reductions in the yield losses and wheat grain quality. Infection rate to yellow rust disease and evaluation of the SPAD value of 90 soft wheat genotypes we studied has been implemented in the conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, the territory of the Absheron Experimental Base of ANAS ( N. 40°24.001? , E. 49°49.001? , H. = 50 m. ) in 2017-2020 years. Infection rate to yellow rust disease was 0-100 S. An indicator of the SPAD value we studied has changed from 28.9 to 83.5 between genotypes. The average indicator of this symptom was 50.5. The sample with the highest SPAD value of the soft wheat genotypes we studied was genotype k9530 belonging to the Erythrospermum variety, which had an indicator of 83.5. Infection rate to the yellow rust of this sample was 0 and showed an immune reaction. Different variety, as can be seen from the appreciation of resistance rate for the yellow rust and the value of the SPAD had different infection rates and SPAD values. As a result of this evaluation, although there was partial conformity, full sameness was not observed. Some genotypes had high SPAD values as resistance to the yellow rust. The cluster analysis is based on the Euclidean distance index of the WARD method of the PAST statistical software package. The genotypes we studied have grouped into 6 main clusters according to indicated tokens. According to the euclidean distance index, the farthest genotypes of the cluster were genotype k9530 from the Erythrospermum variety and genotype k7252 from the Milturum variety (54.63). It can be explained by the fact that they belong to different variety.
面包小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)上的黄锈病(锈病)导致产量损失和小麦品质显著降低。本研究对90个软质小麦基因型的黄锈病感染率及SPAD值评价进行了研究，试验条件为Absheron半岛，即Absheron实验基地(N. 40°24.001?， e . 49°49.001?， h = 50 m。)2017-2020年。黄锈病的感染率为0 ~ 100 s, SPAD值在基因型间的变化范围为28.9 ~ 83.5。该症状的平均指标为50.5。SPAD值最高的是红精品种k9530基因型，其SPAD值为83.5。该样品对黄锈病的感染率为0，并表现出免疫反应。不同品种对黄锈病的耐药率和SPAD值的变化可以看出，不同品种的侵染率和SPAD值不同。评价的结果是，虽然有部分符合，但没有完全一致。部分基因型具有较高的抗黄锈病SPAD值。聚类分析基于PAST统计软件包WARD方法的欧氏距离指数。我们研究的基因型根据指示标记分为6个主要簇。根据欧几里得距离指数(euclidean distance index)，该集群中距离最远的基因型分别为红精草品种k9530基因型和蜜草品种k7252基因型(54.63)。这可以用它们属于不同种类这一事实来解释。
{"title":"Phytopathological assessment of Azerbaijan origin bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes against yellow rust","authors":"Ainur Magammed Karimova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp16-23","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has resulted in significant reductions in the yield losses and wheat grain quality. Infection rate to yellow rust disease and evaluation of the SPAD value of 90 soft wheat genotypes we studied has been implemented in the conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, the territory of the Absheron Experimental Base of ANAS ( N. 40°24.001? , E. 49°49.001? , H. = 50 m. ) in 2017-2020 years. Infection rate to yellow rust disease was 0-100 S. An indicator of the SPAD value we studied has changed from 28.9 to 83.5 between genotypes. The average indicator of this symptom was 50.5. The sample with the highest SPAD value of the soft wheat genotypes we studied was genotype k9530 belonging to the Erythrospermum variety, which had an indicator of 83.5. Infection rate to the yellow rust of this sample was 0 and showed an immune reaction. Different variety, as can be seen from the appreciation of resistance rate for the yellow rust and the value of the SPAD had different infection rates and SPAD values. As a result of this evaluation, although there was partial conformity, full sameness was not observed. Some genotypes had high SPAD values as resistance to the yellow rust. The cluster analysis is based on the Euclidean distance index of the WARD method of the PAST statistical software package. The genotypes we studied have grouped into 6 main clusters according to indicated tokens. According to the euclidean distance index, the farthest genotypes of the cluster were genotype k9530 from the Erythrospermum variety and genotype k7252 from the Milturum variety (54.63). It can be explained by the fact that they belong to different variety.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122571382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp79-84
M. E. Gontov, D. Koltsov
The productive longevity of cows has an impact on the economics of milk production. Currently, there is a decrease in the culling age of cows, which negatively affects the payback of funds spent on their cultivation. Premature culling is influenced by paratypical and genetic factors. The aim of our research was to study the genetic characteristics of dairy cows that were dropped out of the herd for various reasons at a young age, using marker genes of the EAB locus of blood groups. The cows of the Brown Swiss breed on Smolensk-type numbering 766 heads in 2001-2021, culled at the age of 9 years and younger, who were divided into groups for reasons for culling studies were conducted. The animals in winter are keep confined, in summer are keep camp-pasture. Blood groups of animals were determined using their own standardized reagents, genotypes were established by family analysis. The main reasons for the culling were: low milk productivity (21.41%), diseases of the reproductive organs (19.59%), udder diseases (14.49%), difficult calf birth and complications (8.88%), yeldness (7.70%), leg diseases (7.31%). In total 58 EAB alleles in 766 cows were found, but in groups, depending on the reasons for culling, their number was 27-40. Significant genetic similarity (r > 0,8) was found between groups of animals that were eliminated for various reasons, but differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of individual EAB alleles that were statistically significant for markers: G3O1T1Y2E`3F`2, b, G1O`, B1O3Y2A`1E`3G'P'Q'Y`. The most specific markers of the EAB locus for each group of animals were determined, depending on the reasons for culling.
奶牛的生产寿命对牛奶生产的经济性有影响。目前，奶牛的淘汰年龄有所下降，这对奶牛养殖资金的回报产生了负面影响。过早扑杀受非典型和遗传因素的影响。我们的研究目的是利用血型EAB位点的标记基因，研究在年轻时因各种原因退出畜群的奶牛的遗传特征。2001-2021年，斯摩棱斯克型棕色瑞士品种的766头奶牛被淘汰，年龄在9岁及以下，由于淘汰的原因被分成几组进行了研究。动物在冬天被关在笼子里，在夏天被关在牧场上。采用各自的标准化试剂测定动物血型，通过家系分析建立基因型。扑杀的主要原因为产奶量低(21.41%)、生殖器官疾病(19.59%)、乳腺疾病(14.49%)、难产及并发症(8.88%)、黄疸(7.70%)、腿部疾病(7.31%)。在766头奶牛中共发现58个EAB等位基因，但在群体中，根据扑杀的原因，它们的数量为27-40个。由于各种原因被淘汰的动物群体之间存在显著的遗传相似性(r > 0,8)，但个体EAB等位基因的出现频率存在差异，在G3O1T1Y2E ' 3F ' 2, b, g10 '， b103y2a ' 1E ' 3G' p ' q ' y '标记上具有统计学意义。根据扑杀的原因，确定了每组动物EAB位点的最特异性标记。
{"title":"Genetic characteristics cows of Brown Swiss breed depending on the reasons for culling from the herd","authors":"M. E. Gontov, D. Koltsov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp79-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp79-84","url":null,"abstract":"The productive longevity of cows has an impact on the economics of milk production. Currently, there is a decrease in the culling age of cows, which negatively affects the payback of funds spent on their cultivation. Premature culling is influenced by paratypical and genetic factors. The aim of our research was to study the genetic characteristics of dairy cows that were dropped out of the herd for various reasons at a young age, using marker genes of the EAB locus of blood groups. The cows of the Brown Swiss breed on Smolensk-type numbering 766 heads in 2001-2021, culled at the age of 9 years and younger, who were divided into groups for reasons for culling studies were conducted. The animals in winter are keep confined, in summer are keep camp-pasture. Blood groups of animals were determined using their own standardized reagents, genotypes were established by family analysis. The main reasons for the culling were: low milk productivity (21.41%), diseases of the reproductive organs (19.59%), udder diseases (14.49%), difficult calf birth and complications (8.88%), yeldness (7.70%), leg diseases (7.31%). In total 58 EAB alleles in 766 cows were found, but in groups, depending on the reasons for culling, their number was 27-40. Significant genetic similarity (r > 0,8) was found between groups of animals that were eliminated for various reasons, but differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of individual EAB alleles that were statistically significant for markers: G3O1T1Y2E`3F`2, b, G1O`, B1O3Y2A`1E`3G'P'Q'Y`. The most specific markers of the EAB locus for each group of animals were determined, depending on the reasons for culling.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124897249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp85-90
V. I. Gorinsky, V. Salautin, S. Salautina
The results of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide, in metronomic mode, in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma in dogs are presented. This treatment regimen allowed to achieve stabilization of the process, the volume of the tumor decreased by 60.77% of the indicators of the first day. The regression was 39.23%. According to the results of hematological blood examination, by the 90th day of therapy, the number of leukocytes decreased by 75.96%, lymphocytes by 79.67% and granulocytes by 75.64%, to reference values. The number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin increased by 49.57% and 53.98%, respectively. There was an increase in the amount of hematocrit by 52.35% compared to the values of the first day before therapy. Biochemical parameters of blood serum by the end of drug therapy were within the reference values. There were no signs of hematological and general toxicity, according to the WHO scale, requiring corrective therapy, dose reduction or withdrawal of drugs.
{"title":"A clinical case of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide in metronomic mode in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma of a dog","authors":"V. I. Gorinsky, V. Salautin, S. Salautina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp85-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp85-90","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide, in metronomic mode, in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma in dogs are presented. This treatment regimen allowed to achieve stabilization of the process, the volume of the tumor decreased by 60.77% of the indicators of the first day. The regression was 39.23%. According to the results of hematological blood examination, by the 90th day of therapy, the number of leukocytes decreased by 75.96%, lymphocytes by 79.67% and granulocytes by 75.64%, to reference values. The number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin increased by 49.57% and 53.98%, respectively. There was an increase in the amount of hematocrit by 52.35% compared to the values of the first day before therapy. Biochemical parameters of blood serum by the end of drug therapy were within the reference values. There were no signs of hematological and general toxicity, according to the WHO scale, requiring corrective therapy, dose reduction or withdrawal of drugs.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp151-159
Vladimir Andreevich Maksimenko, K. N. Bukhantsov, N. P. Vatutina
The basic causes of grain’s high level infection with agents of diseases in Russia, in spite of wide usage of grain seeds chemical treatment in the country, have been analyzed there. The new method of stock disinfection by combined action of low-frequency magnetic field and protectants concentration that is lower than normative dosage is suggested and experimentally researched. It was found that general infection rate of grain samples at the best disinfection levels decreased from 49% in control to 16-19% in test, that is the content of mold fungi and bacteria complex decreased 2.6-3.1 times in grain, while grain sowing behaviors had been kept at the high level. The suggested way of seeds infection control proved its effectiveness for infection quantitative decreasing, it allowed to get over the resistance of phyto pathogenic fungi to the chemical protectants without toxic stress at agrocenosis ecology and increased safety of growing grain for the people’s health, agricultural animals and birds.
{"title":"Experimental testing of the effective modes for the grain disinfection process by combined magnetic-chemical influence","authors":"Vladimir Andreevich Maksimenko, K. N. Bukhantsov, N. P. Vatutina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp151-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp151-159","url":null,"abstract":"The basic causes of grain’s high level infection with agents of diseases in Russia, in spite of wide usage of grain seeds chemical treatment in the country, have been analyzed there. The new method of stock disinfection by combined action of low-frequency magnetic field and protectants concentration that is lower than normative dosage is suggested and experimentally researched. It was found that general infection rate of grain samples at the best disinfection levels decreased from 49% in control to 16-19% in test, that is the content of mold fungi and bacteria complex decreased 2.6-3.1 times in grain, while grain sowing behaviors had been kept at the high level. The suggested way of seeds infection control proved its effectiveness for infection quantitative decreasing, it allowed to get over the resistance of phyto pathogenic fungi to the chemical protectants without toxic stress at agrocenosis ecology and increased safety of growing grain for the people’s health, agricultural animals and birds.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129057287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp41-46
A. P. Solodovnikov, E. Safonov, I. Gurina, A. V. Lekarev, L. A. Gudova
Abstract. The article provides an analysis of agrobiological (hybrids, seeding rate) and agrochemical (mineral fertilizers) aspects of increasing the yield and quality of sunflower in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. The results of three-year studies have established that the cultivation of the sunflower hybrid P64LE25 using Ammophos at a dose of 80 kg/ha before the main tillage and Sulfoammophos at a dose of 50 kg/ha when sown at a seeding rate of 60000 pcs. germinating seeds per 1 ha ensures the maximum yield of sunflower oilseeds - 2.02 t/ha. Increasing the seeding rate from 55 thousand to 65 thousand seeds/ha reduced the planting density and field germination by 3.2–3.4%. Mineral fertilization reduced field germination by 0.7–1.5%. The cultivation of the late-ripening hybrid P64LE25 increases the yield of oilseeds by 0.28 t/ha (by 18.8%), oil content by 2.5% compared to the mid-early hybrid P64F66. The seeding rate of 60000 pcs/ha increases the yield of the studied hybrids by 0.23 t/ha (by 15.4%). Mineral fertilization (N8P10S6) provides an increase in the yield of sunflower oil seeds - 0.24 t/ha (by 15.9%), and oil content by 0.4%.
{"title":"Agrobiological and agrochemical aspects of increasing the yield of sunflower hybrids in the Saratov Trans-Volga region","authors":"A. P. Solodovnikov, E. Safonov, I. Gurina, A. V. Lekarev, L. A. Gudova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp41-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp41-46","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Abstract. The article provides an analysis of agrobiological (hybrids, seeding rate) and agrochemical (mineral fertilizers) aspects of increasing the yield and quality of sunflower in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. The results of three-year studies have established that the cultivation of the sunflower hybrid P64LE25 using Ammophos at a dose of 80 kg/ha before the main tillage and Sulfoammophos at a dose of 50 kg/ha when sown at a seeding rate of 60000 pcs. germinating seeds per 1 ha ensures the maximum yield of sunflower oilseeds - 2.02 t/ha. Increasing the seeding rate from 55 thousand to 65 thousand seeds/ha reduced the planting density and field germination by 3.2–3.4%. Mineral fertilization reduced field germination by 0.7–1.5%. The cultivation of the late-ripening hybrid P64LE25 increases the yield of oilseeds by 0.28 t/ha (by 18.8%), oil content by 2.5% compared to the mid-early hybrid P64F66. The seeding rate of 60000 pcs/ha increases the yield of the studied hybrids by 0.23 t/ha (by 15.4%). Mineral fertilization (N8P10S6) provides an increase in the yield of sunflower oil seeds - 0.24 t/ha (by 15.9%), and oil content by 0.4%.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp160-165
Nikolai Mikhailovich Sokolov, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Pokusaev, S. Chumakova
The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the soil-cultivating tool are presented; the optimal design parameters of the working bodies of the anti-erosion device and their influence on the technological parameters of the microrelief formed on arable land are substantiated.
{"title":"The influence of the design parameters of a tillage tool on the formation of an anti-erosion microrelief","authors":"Nikolai Mikhailovich Sokolov, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Pokusaev, S. Chumakova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp160-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp160-165","url":null,"abstract":"The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the soil-cultivating tool are presented; the optimal design parameters of the working bodies of the anti-erosion device and their influence on the technological parameters of the microrelief formed on arable land are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132920503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp57-61
S. Abakin, V. Kolesnikov
The most important factor ensuring the dynamic development of the livestock industry, which determines food security, is epizootic, veterinary and sanitary welfare of farms. Leukemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis, virus diarrhea and a number of other diseases are the most common infectious diseases in cattle. The development of effective methods for the prevention, diagnostics and control of infectious and parasitic diseases of cattle is one of the most important tasks to ensure the safety of human health. The integrated science-based system of measures, which is presented in the article, aims to provide practical assistance to veterinary specialists and livestock breeders in choosing the most optimal variant of veterinary and preventive measures, taking into account the current technology of animal husbandry, in making the correct diagnosis, carry out the necessary activities to prevent and eliminate infectious and parasitic diseases. Taking into account the epizootic, natural, climatic conditions and peculiarities of the region, the article presents measures for the prevention and control of infectious and parasitic diseases of ruminants, which are most often registered in the North Caucasus.
{"title":"A systematic approach to anti-epizootic measures for the prevention of diseases in farm animals in the Stavropol Territory","authors":"S. Abakin, V. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp57-61","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factor ensuring the dynamic development of the livestock industry, which determines food security, is epizootic, veterinary and sanitary welfare of farms. Leukemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis, virus diarrhea and a number of other diseases are the most common infectious diseases in cattle. The development of effective methods for the prevention, diagnostics and control of infectious and parasitic diseases of cattle is one of the most important tasks to ensure the safety of human health. The integrated science-based system of measures, which is presented in the article, aims to provide practical assistance to veterinary specialists and livestock breeders in choosing the most optimal variant of veterinary and preventive measures, taking into account the current technology of animal husbandry, in making the correct diagnosis, carry out the necessary activities to prevent and eliminate infectious and parasitic diseases. Taking into account the epizootic, natural, climatic conditions and peculiarities of the region, the article presents measures for the prevention and control of infectious and parasitic diseases of ruminants, which are most often registered in the North Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132435889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp132-139
A. Kalinin, I. Teplinsky, V. Ruzhev, Pavel Mikhailovich Shpiganovich, Julia Igorevna Smirnova
Because potato is a crop, demanding moisture supply conditions its yield depends on the ability to use the moisture accumulated during the calendar year by the root system during the growing season. However, the intensification of technological methods of potato production using powerful energy-saturated mobile agricultural units leads to a significant deterioration of the soil condition due to over compaction of the arable and subsoil horizons which hinders the normal mode of movement of intrasoil moisture and the development of the root system of plants. Reducing the number of passes of agricultural units across the field is possible when using combined units that perform several technological processes in one pass. For this purpose, a multifunctional combined potato-planting unit has been developed at St. Petersburg State Agrarian University that combines preplant tillage, planting potato seeds, the use of agrochemicals, pesticides and water-retaining agents, as well as deep loosening of interrow spacing and the formation of full-volume ridges. The conducted studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of such a combined unit by providing favorable soil conditions for the growth and development of plants.
{"title":"Reducing the environmental risks of using mobile energy-saturated units during seed potatoes growing taking into account the patterns of heat and moisture transfer within the root spreading zone in the soil","authors":"A. Kalinin, I. Teplinsky, V. Ruzhev, Pavel Mikhailovich Shpiganovich, Julia Igorevna Smirnova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp132-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp132-139","url":null,"abstract":"Because potato is a crop, demanding moisture supply conditions its yield depends on the ability to use the moisture accumulated during the calendar year by the root system during the growing season. However, the intensification of technological methods of potato production using powerful energy-saturated mobile agricultural units leads to a significant deterioration of the soil condition due to over compaction of the arable and subsoil horizons which hinders the normal mode of movement of intrasoil moisture and the development of the root system of plants. Reducing the number of passes of agricultural units across the field is possible when using combined units that perform several technological processes in one pass. For this purpose, a multifunctional combined potato-planting unit has been developed at St. Petersburg State Agrarian University that combines preplant tillage, planting potato seeds, the use of agrochemicals, pesticides and water-retaining agents, as well as deep loosening of interrow spacing and the formation of full-volume ridges. The conducted studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of such a combined unit by providing favorable soil conditions for the growth and development of plants.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128975956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp148-153
R. Shkrabak, A. V. Shkrabak
The article provides information about the need for further development of greenhouse facilities in the agro-industrial complex for year-round provision of the population with fruit products, which cannot be solved by using only the production of products in the open field due to the climatic features of the country's territory. It is noted that greenhouse production, for various reasons of an objective and subjective nature, is accompanied by industrial injuries, poisoning of workers and industrial diseases, since production conditions are focused on the needs of plants. In this regard, the components of the “man-object-plants-technologies-mechanisms” system were studied and functional theoretical dependencies were proposed, which are a guideline for substantiating innovative methods and means of preventive solutions that counteract the possibility of injury, poisoning and occupational diseases. The article lists the author's modern solutions aimed at achieving the possibilities of some work without injuries, which ensures the appropriate working conditions for these objects by the requirements of the country's regulatory framework.
{"title":"Theoretical aspects of labor safety of greenhouse workers and modern ways of its solution","authors":"R. Shkrabak, A. V. Shkrabak","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp148-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp148-153","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides information about the need for further development of greenhouse facilities in the agro-industrial complex for year-round provision of the population with fruit products, which cannot be solved by using only the production of products in the open field due to the climatic features of the country's territory. It is noted that greenhouse production, for various reasons of an objective and subjective nature, is accompanied by industrial injuries, poisoning of workers and industrial diseases, since production conditions are focused on the needs of plants. In this regard, the components of the “man-object-plants-technologies-mechanisms” system were studied and functional theoretical dependencies were proposed, which are a guideline for substantiating innovative methods and means of preventive solutions that counteract the possibility of injury, poisoning and occupational diseases. The article lists the author's modern solutions aimed at achieving the possibilities of some work without injuries, which ensures the appropriate working conditions for these objects by the requirements of the country's regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131932659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp106-111
Abbas Zakir Ibrahimov, Namin Fuad Abdieva
One of the main problems of the branches of the modern grain processing industry, including milling, cereal and feed production, is their very high energy intensity. In order to achieve high economic indicators in the livestock industry, the feed ration must contain a certain set of substances that fully meets the needs of the animal's body in nutrients. This is possible by preparing full-fledged compound feeds. Therefore, the production of compound feeds is an important branch of agriculture. .Regulation of the degree of grinding of feed grain on rotary grinders can be done by changing the angular velocity of the rotors. The purpose of this work was to conduct a theoretical analysis and practical verification of the process of regulating the degree of grain grinding by regulating the angular velocity of the rotors. When choosing the control scheme of the electric drive, factors such as the structure of the installation, drive power, control range, physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material were taken into account. For two-rotor shredders, there are two variants of the technological process. At the same rotor speeds, depending on the structural parameters of the installation, the power consumption of a small rotor is 60... 80% of the power of a large one. To improve the use of the chopper drive motors, the angular velocity of one drive and the plant performance should be adjusted simultaneously so that the power on the second engine remains constant.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF REGULATION OF GRAIN SHREDDER MODES ON A STEP-ROTARY SHREDDER","authors":"Abbas Zakir Ibrahimov, Namin Fuad Abdieva","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp106-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp106-111","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems of the branches of the modern grain processing industry, including milling, cereal and feed production, is their very high energy intensity. In order to achieve high economic indicators in the livestock industry, the feed ration must contain a certain set of substances that fully meets the needs of the animal's body in nutrients. This is possible by preparing full-fledged compound feeds. Therefore, the production of compound feeds is an important branch of agriculture. .Regulation of the degree of grinding of feed grain on rotary grinders can be done by changing the angular velocity of the rotors. The purpose of this work was to conduct a theoretical analysis and practical verification of the process of regulating the degree of grain grinding by regulating the angular velocity of the rotors. When choosing the control scheme of the electric drive, factors such as the structure of the installation, drive power, control range, physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material were taken into account. For two-rotor shredders, there are two variants of the technological process. At the same rotor speeds, depending on the structural parameters of the installation, the power consumption of a small rotor is 60... 80% of the power of a large one. To improve the use of the chopper drive motors, the angular velocity of one drive and the plant performance should be adjusted simultaneously so that the power on the second engine remains constant.","PeriodicalId":219145,"journal":{"name":"The Agrarian Scientific Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115477023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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