South African Journal of Botany最新文献_第2页

New applied pharmacological approach/trend from aqueous and sulfated extract from Moringa oleifera Lin on irradiated Ehrlich solid tumor bearing mice 辣木水提物和硫酸盐提物对辐照小鼠埃利希实体瘤的应用药理新方法/趋势

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.054

Wafaa A. Helmy , Marwa S.M. Diab , Noheir H. Sherif , Marwa A. Mohamed , Asrar M. Hawas , Ahmed. A. Hasaballah , Asmaa R. Abd El-Hameid

The present study was undertaken to identify the chemical compositions of dried leaves and aqueous extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves (MoL) and investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the crude and sulphated extracts of MoL with or without radiation exposure in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing female albino mice. For the toxicity test four groups of mice were used (5 mice/gp): control group, crude extract (500mg/kg b.wt orally for 7days), sulfated extract (500mg/kg b.wt orally for 7days), and irradiated group (IRR) [5Gy as fractionated dose 1Gy daily for 5 consecutive days]. For the antitumor activity six groups of mice were used (10 per each): Ehrlich solid tumor group (EST), EST+ crude extract (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+ sulfated extract (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+IRR (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+IRR+ crude extract and finally EST+IRR+ sulfated extract. Results showed that, serum ALT, Albumin, creatinine, Reactive oxygen species(ROS) and Total antioxidant activity (TAC) recorded non-significant changes post treatment with crude extract and sulphated extract groups while IRR group showed a significant elevation in ALT, creatinine and ROS in addition, a decrease in TAC. Moreover, crude extract and sulfated extract alone or combined with irradiation reduced tumor volume and induced apoptosis via increase up regulation of gene expression of caspase-3 and cytochromec in tumor tissue. Histological examination of tumor tissues confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion, crude extract and sulfated extract have antitumor and radiosenstizing activities against Ehrlich solid tumor via enhancement of apoptotic markers.

本研究鉴定了辣木叶（MoL）干叶和水提物的化学成分，并研究了辣木叶粗提物和辣木叶硫酸盐提物在辐照和不辐照条件下对患有埃利希实体瘤（EST）的雌性白化小鼠的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。毒性试验采用四组小鼠（5只/gp）：对照组、粗提物（500mg/kg b.wt口服7天）、硫酸提物（500mg/kg b.wt口服7天）和辐照组（IRR） [5Gy分次剂量1Gy / d，连续5天]。为了测定小鼠的抗肿瘤活性，采用6组小鼠（每组10只）：埃利希实体瘤组（EST）、EST+粗提物（500mg/kg b.wt）、EST+硫酸提物（500mg/kg b.wt）、EST+IRR+粗提物（500mg/kg b.wt）、EST+IRR+粗提物、EST+IRR+硫酸提物。结果表明，粗提物组和硫酸盐提物组处理后血清ALT、白蛋白、肌酐、活性氧（ROS）和总抗氧化活性（TAC）变化不显著，而IRR组处理后ALT、肌酐和ROS显著升高，TAC显著降低。此外，粗提物和硫酸盐提物单独或联合照射可通过上调肿瘤组织中caspase-3和细胞色素的基因表达，减少肿瘤体积，诱导细胞凋亡。肿瘤组织的组织学检查证实了生化结果。综上所述，粗提物和硫酸盐提物通过增强细胞凋亡标志物具有抗肿瘤和辐射致敏作用。

{"title":"New applied pharmacological approach/trend from aqueous and sulfated extract from Moringa oleifera Lin on irradiated Ehrlich solid tumor bearing mice","authors":"Wafaa A. Helmy , Marwa S.M. Diab , Noheir H. Sherif , Marwa A. Mohamed , Asrar M. Hawas , Ahmed. A. Hasaballah , Asmaa R. Abd El-Hameid","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was undertaken to identify the chemical compositions of dried leaves and aqueous extracts from <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves (MoL) and investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the crude and sulphated extracts of MoL with or without radiation exposure in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing female albino mice. For the toxicity test four groups of mice were used (5 mice/gp): control group, crude extract (500mg/kg b.wt orally for 7days), sulfated extract (500mg/kg b.wt orally for 7days), and irradiated group (IRR) [5Gy as fractionated dose 1Gy daily for 5 consecutive days]. For the antitumor activity six groups of mice were used (10 per each): Ehrlich solid tumor group (EST), EST+ crude extract (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+ sulfated extract (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+IRR (500mg/kg b.wt), EST+IRR+ crude extract and finally EST+IRR+ sulfated extract. Results showed that, serum ALT, Albumin, creatinine, Reactive oxygen species(ROS) and Total antioxidant activity (TAC) recorded non-significant changes post treatment with crude extract and sulphated extract groups while IRR group showed a significant elevation in ALT, creatinine and ROS in addition, a decrease in TAC. Moreover, crude extract and sulfated extract alone or combined with irradiation reduced tumor volume and induced apoptosis via increase up regulation of gene expression of caspase-3 and cytochromec in tumor tissue. Histological examination of tumor tissues confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion, crude extract and sulfated extract have antitumor and radiosenstizing activities against Ehrlich solid tumor via enhancement of apoptotic markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative review of breadfruit seeds (Treculia africana, Artocarpus nobilis, and Artocarpus heterophyllus): Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and processing techniques 面包果种子（trereculia africana、Artocarpus nobilis和Artocarpus heterophyllus）的营养成分、生物活性成分和加工技术比较

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.062

Laurine Korpoo Hill , Arun Kumar Gupta , Pratiksha , Maanas Sharma , Avinash Kumar Jha

This review highlights the critical issue of protein deficiency, impacting over 170 million preschool children and nursing mothers in developing nations. It focuses on Treculia africana Decne (African breadfruit), a species extensively cultivated and consumed in diverse forms. Despite its prevalence, limited assessments have been conducted on the nutritional content of breadfruit seeds when prepared using traditional household methods. This review explores the processing techniques, nutritional composition, and bioactive compounds of breadfruit seeds and provides a comparative analysis of different species, including Treculia africana, Artocarpus nobilis (Ceylon breadfruit), and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The seeds, particularly those processed via fermentation, show potential for incorporation into food products and traditional medicinal applications. By underscoring the nutritional and functional properties of African breadfruit and its seeds, this review contributes valuable insights into addressing protein malnutrition. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of locally sourced plant proteins and their role in enhancing global dietary practices, particularly in regions facing nutritional challenges.

这篇综述强调了蛋白质缺乏的关键问题，影响着发展中国家1.7亿学龄前儿童和哺乳母亲。它的重点是非洲面包果，这是一种广泛种植和以多种形式消费的物种。尽管面包果普遍存在，但对使用传统家庭方法制备的面包果种子的营养成分进行了有限的评估。本文综述了面包果种子的加工技术、营养成分和生物活性成分，并对不同种类面包果（trereculia africana、Artocarpus nobilis（锡兰面包果）和Artocarpus heterophyllus）进行了比较分析。这些种子，特别是经过发酵处理的种子，显示出纳入食品和传统医药应用的潜力。通过强调非洲面包果及其种子的营养和功能特性，本综述为解决蛋白质营养不良提供了有价值的见解。此外，它还强调了当地来源的植物蛋白的重要性及其在加强全球饮食习惯方面的作用，特别是在面临营养挑战的地区。

{"title":"A comparative review of breadfruit seeds (Treculia africana, Artocarpus nobilis, and Artocarpus heterophyllus): Nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and processing techniques","authors":"Laurine Korpoo Hill , Arun Kumar Gupta , Pratiksha , Maanas Sharma , Avinash Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.03.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review highlights the critical issue of protein deficiency, impacting over 170 million preschool children and nursing mothers in developing nations. It focuses on <em>Treculia africana Decne</em> (African breadfruit), a species extensively cultivated and consumed in diverse forms. Despite its prevalence, limited assessments have been conducted on the nutritional content of breadfruit seeds when prepared using traditional household methods. This review explores the processing techniques, nutritional composition, and bioactive compounds of breadfruit seeds and provides a comparative analysis of different species, including <em>Treculia africana, Artocarpus nobilis</em> (Ceylon breadfruit), and <em>Artocarpus heterophyllus</em>. The seeds, particularly those processed via fermentation, show potential for incorporation into food products and traditional medicinal applications. By underscoring the nutritional and functional properties of African breadfruit and its seeds, this review contributes valuable insights into addressing protein malnutrition. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of locally sourced plant proteins and their role in enhancing global dietary practices, particularly in regions facing nutritional challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 290-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antifungal activity, mechanistic insights, and combinatorial effects of Pycnocycla bashagardiana essential oil against Aspergillus fumigatus 菝葜精油对烟曲霉的抗真菌活性、机理及联合作用研究

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.015

Davoud Dehghan-Nayeri , Jinous Asgarpanah , Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi , Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi , Golbarg Saremi , Ali Eslamifar , Fatemehsadat Jamzivar , Farnoush Asghari-Paskiabi , Mehdi Goudarzi , Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh

Pycnocycla bashagardiana (Apiaceae family) which grows in the subtropical biome from West Tropical Africa to India has received special attention for its health benefits and therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of P. bashagardiana essential oil (PBEO) against A. fumigatus as a life-threatening fungal pathogen. The PBEO was prepared by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antifungal activity of the PBEO (125–8000 µg/mL) was examined by microbioassay technique in 6-well microplates. The ergosterol content of fungal mycelia was measured by spectrophotometry and the ultrastructure of fungal compartments was evaluated using electron microscopy. The synergistic effects of the PBEO with voriconazole and amphotericin B were determined according to the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The PBEO contained 35 compounds which comprised 95.1 % of the EO with myristicin (31.8 %), cis-Isomyristicin (12.2 %), and (E)-β-Ocimene (8.5 %) as the main constituents. The MIC and IC₅₀ of PBEO against A. fumigatus were determined as 1000 μg/mL and 719.4 μg/mL, respectively. The PBEO strongly inhibited ergosterol synthesis in the range of 13.12–86.24 % and showed synergistic antifungal activity with both voriconazole (FICI=0.3503) and amphotericin B (FICI=0.3757). Ultrastructural results revealed pathologic changes including attenuation of the fungal cell wall, destruction of cell membrane and hyphae organelles such as mitochondria, detachment of cell membrane from the cell wall, shrinkage of fungal hyphae, vacuolation of cytoplasm and depletion of cytoplasmic contents. Concerning the strong antifungal activity of PBEO and synergistic effect with amphotericin B and voriconazole evidenced for the first time in the present work, it could be considered a potential candidate in the treatment of A. fumigatus-induced fungal infections.

长在热带非洲西部至印度的亚热带生物群落中的巴沙加黛娜（伞形科）因其健康益处和在传统医学中的治疗用途而受到特别关注。本研究旨在探讨巴沙加丁精油（PBEO）对烟曲霉（a . fumigatus）的抑菌活性及其作用机制。采用加氢蒸馏法制备PBEO，并采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对其进行分析。PBEO（125 ~ 8000µg/mL）的抗真菌活性在6孔微孔板上检测。分光光度法测定真菌菌丝体麦角甾醇含量，电镜观察真菌胞室超微结构。采用分数抑制浓度指数（FICI）测定PBEO与伏立康唑和两性霉素B的协同作用。PBEO共含35个化合物，占总总化合物的95.1%，主要成分为肉豆蔻素（31.8%）、顺式-异肉豆蔻素（12.2%）和(E)-β-茜草烯（8.5%）。PBEO对烟曲霉的MIC和IC50分别为1000 μg/mL和719.4 μg/mL。PBEO对麦角甾醇合成的抑制作用在13.12 ~ 86.24%之间，与伏立康唑（FICI=0.3503）和两性霉素B （FICI=0.3757）均有协同抑菌作用。超微结构结果显示真菌细胞壁衰减，细胞膜和菌丝细胞器（如线粒体）破坏，细胞膜脱离细胞壁，菌丝萎缩，细胞质空泡化，细胞质内容物减少。本研究首次证实PBEO具有较强的抗真菌活性，并与两性霉素B和伏立康唑有协同作用，可作为治疗烟曲霉诱导的真菌感染的潜在候选药物。

{"title":"Antifungal activity, mechanistic insights, and combinatorial effects of Pycnocycla bashagardiana essential oil against Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"Davoud Dehghan-Nayeri , Jinous Asgarpanah , Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi , Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi , Golbarg Saremi , Ali Eslamifar , Fatemehsadat Jamzivar , Farnoush Asghari-Paskiabi , Mehdi Goudarzi , Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pycnocycla bashagardiana</em> (Apiaceae family) which grows in the subtropical biome from West Tropical Africa to India has received special attention for its health benefits and therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of <em>P. bashagardiana</em> essential oil (PBEO) against <em>A. fumigatus</em> as a life-threatening fungal pathogen. The PBEO was prepared by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antifungal activity of the PBEO (125–8000 µg/mL) was examined by microbioassay technique in 6-well microplates. The ergosterol content of fungal mycelia was measured by spectrophotometry and the ultrastructure of fungal compartments was evaluated using electron microscopy. The synergistic effects of the PBEO with voriconazole and amphotericin B were determined according to the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The PBEO contained 35 compounds which comprised 95.1 % of the EO with myristicin (31.8 %), cis-Isomyristicin (12.2 %), and (E)-β-Ocimene (8.5 %) as the main constituents. The MIC and IC<sub>50</sub> of PBEO against <em>A. fumigatus</em> were determined as 1000 μg/mL and 719.4 μg/mL, respectively. The PBEO strongly inhibited ergosterol synthesis in the range of 13.12–86.24 % and showed synergistic antifungal activity with both voriconazole (FICI=0.3503) and amphotericin B (FICI=0.3757). Ultrastructural results revealed pathologic changes including attenuation of the fungal cell wall, destruction of cell membrane and hyphae organelles such as mitochondria, detachment of cell membrane from the cell wall, shrinkage of fungal hyphae, vacuolation of cytoplasm and depletion of cytoplasmic contents. Concerning the strong antifungal activity of PBEO and synergistic effect with amphotericin B and voriconazole evidenced for the first time in the present work, it could be considered a potential candidate in the treatment of <em>A. fumigatus</em>-induced fungal infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the leafy coriander Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae): A comprehensive review on the metabolomics properties 香菜科植物芫荽的代谢组学研究综述

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.017

Rai Anujna , M. Mohanalakshmi , V. Rajashree , R. Renuka , P. Meenakshi

Leafy coriander often regarded as “cilantro” has drawn increasing attention since it serves as a vegetable medley and flavour enhancer in cuisines worldwide, among the different parts of the coriander being used. The short growing season, greater demand, high nutritional content, low initial cost, minimal input requirements, and greater yields have all contributed to the recent surge in popularity of leafy coriander compared with the popularity of coriander grown for its seeds. Evolutionary roots, extensive genome sequencing have explored the evolutionary links and genetic diversity of coriander, delving into its phylogenomics. Molecular breeding based on modern novel genetic variants offers immense opportunity to evolve new varieties with improved leaf quality. Cilantro is a major source of antioxidants and acts as a natural supplement of antioxidants rather than synthetic antioxidants in the pharmaceutical industry. Ultimately, exploring variants for improved leaf quality, adaptation mechanisms and ethnomedicinal value guarantees improved conservation, food safety and security. Given that it has a safe profile, it can be used to treat ailments and alleviate nutrient shortages. The phytoremediation of contaminated soils, aromatherapy for anxiolysis and potential alternative properties of biofuel are some of the other emerging potential uses. The present review emphasizes the phylogenetic, nutritional, metabolomics and pharmacological value of coriander in the context of leaves.

叶状香菜通常被称为“香菜”，由于它在世界各地的烹饪中被用作蔬菜混合物和风味增强剂，在香菜的不同部分中被使用，因此引起了越来越多的关注。生长季节短、需求大、营养含量高、初始成本低、投入要求低以及产量高，这些都是最近叶香菜受欢迎程度激增的原因，而不是为其种子而种植的香菜。进化根源，广泛的基因组测序探索了香菜的进化联系和遗传多样性，深入研究了它的系统基因组学。基于现代新遗传变异的分子育种为进化出具有优良叶片品质的新品种提供了巨大的机会。香菜是抗氧化剂的主要来源，在制药工业中作为抗氧化剂的天然补充而不是合成抗氧化剂。最终，探索改善叶片质量的变异，适应机制和民族医药价值，保证了更好的保护，食品安全和保障。考虑到它的安全性，它可以用来治疗疾病和缓解营养短缺。污染土壤的植物修复、抗焦虑的芳香疗法和生物燃料的潜在替代特性是其他一些新兴的潜在用途。本文综述了芫荽叶的系统发育、营养、代谢组学和药理价值。

{"title":"Exploring the leafy coriander Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae): A comprehensive review on the metabolomics properties","authors":"Rai Anujna , M. Mohanalakshmi , V. Rajashree , R. Renuka , P. Meenakshi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leafy coriander often regarded as “cilantro” has drawn increasing attention since it serves as a vegetable medley and flavour enhancer in cuisines worldwide, among the different parts of the coriander being used. The short growing season, greater demand, high nutritional content, low initial cost, minimal input requirements, and greater yields have all contributed to the recent surge in popularity of leafy coriander compared with the popularity of coriander grown for its seeds. Evolutionary roots, extensive genome sequencing have explored the evolutionary links and genetic diversity of coriander, delving into its phylogenomics. Molecular breeding based on modern novel genetic variants offers immense opportunity to evolve new varieties with improved leaf quality. Cilantro is a major source of antioxidants and acts as a natural supplement of antioxidants rather than synthetic antioxidants in the pharmaceutical industry. Ultimately, exploring variants for improved leaf quality, adaptation mechanisms and ethnomedicinal value guarantees improved conservation, food safety and security. Given that it has a safe profile, it can be used to treat ailments and alleviate nutrient shortages. The phytoremediation of contaminated soils, aromatherapy for anxiolysis and potential alternative properties of biofuel are some of the other emerging potential uses. The present review emphasizes the phylogenetic, nutritional, metabolomics and pharmacological value of coriander in the context of leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 258-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of a novel potyvirus from the nickel-hyperaccumulating plant Senecio coronatus in South Africa 一种来自南非超富集镍植物冠状花序的新型痘病毒的鉴定

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.025

Dongjin Choi , Stuart K. Meier , Hyerin Park , Seungwoo Baek , Myeung Seok Choi , Robert A. Ingle , Yoonsoo Hahn

Senecio coronatus, commonly known as the woolly grassland senecio, is a perennial plant endemic to southern Africa. It is widely distributed across grassland biomes including the ultramafic outcrops of the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa where some populations have evolved the ability to hyperaccumulate the toxic element nickel in their shoot tissues. In this study, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing of healthy S. coronatus plants collected from this region. Analysis of the transcriptome data revealed the coding-complete sequence of a latently infected RNA virus genome, tentatively named Senecio coronatus virus 1 (SenCoV1). The SenCoV1 genome is 9632 nucleotides long and encodes a large polyprotein of 3132 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that the polyprotein shares 56.9 % amino acid identity with that of plum pox virus, a well-characterized member of the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae), suggesting that SenCoV1 is a novel member of this genus. The genome contains nine conserved putative proteolytic cleavage sites, yielding ten mature potyviral peptides, and includes the RNA polymerase slippage sequence GAAAAAAA, with seven adenine residues, facilitating the translation of the transframe fusion protein P3N-PIPO. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that SenCoV1 is a distinct and highly divergent member of the genus Potyvirus. This study highlights the utility of transcriptome datasets for uncovering cryptic viral diversity and provides new insights into the evolutionary complexity of plant RNA viruses.

冠状凤仙花，俗称绵草凤仙花，是非洲南部特有的多年生植物。它广泛分布在草原生物群落中，包括南非巴伯顿绿岩带的超镁铁质露头，在那里，一些种群已经进化出在其茎部组织中过度积累有毒元素镍的能力。在这项研究中，我们对从该地区收集的健康冠状参植物进行了高通量RNA测序。转录组数据分析揭示了一种潜伏感染的RNA病毒基因组的编码完整序列，暂定名为冠状病毒1号（SenCoV1）。SenCoV1基因组长9632个核苷酸，编码3132个氨基酸的大多蛋白。序列分析表明，该多蛋白与痘病毒属（Potyvirus family， Potyvirus科）梅痘病毒的氨基酸同源性为56.9%，表明SenCoV1是该属的新成员。该基因组包含9个保守的假定的蛋白水解裂解位点，产生10个成熟的多肽，包括RNA聚合酶滑移序列GAAAAAAA和7个腺嘌呤残基，促进跨框融合蛋白P3N-PIPO的翻译。系统发育分析进一步证实，SenCoV1是Potyvirus属的一个独特且高度分化的成员。这项研究强调了转录组数据集在揭示隐病毒多样性方面的实用性，并为植物RNA病毒的进化复杂性提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Identification of a novel potyvirus from the nickel-hyperaccumulating plant Senecio coronatus in South Africa","authors":"Dongjin Choi , Stuart K. Meier , Hyerin Park , Seungwoo Baek , Myeung Seok Choi , Robert A. Ingle , Yoonsoo Hahn","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Senecio coronatus</em>, commonly known as the woolly grassland senecio, is a perennial plant endemic to southern Africa. It is widely distributed across grassland biomes including the ultramafic outcrops of the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa where some populations have evolved the ability to hyperaccumulate the toxic element nickel in their shoot tissues. In this study, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing of healthy <em>S. coronatus</em> plants collected from this region. Analysis of the transcriptome data revealed the coding-complete sequence of a latently infected RNA virus genome, tentatively named Senecio coronatus virus 1 (SenCoV1). The SenCoV1 genome is 9632 nucleotides long and encodes a large polyprotein of 3132 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that the polyprotein shares 56.9 % amino acid identity with that of plum pox virus, a well-characterized member of the genus <em>Potyvirus</em> (family <em>Potyviridae</em>), suggesting that SenCoV1 is a novel member of this genus. The genome contains nine conserved putative proteolytic cleavage sites, yielding ten mature potyviral peptides, and includes the RNA polymerase slippage sequence GAAAAAAA, with seven adenine residues, facilitating the translation of the transframe fusion protein P3N-PIPO. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that SenCoV1 is a distinct and highly divergent member of the genus <em>Potyvirus</em>. This study highlights the utility of transcriptome datasets for uncovering cryptic viral diversity and provides new insights into the evolutionary complexity of plant RNA viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 232-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimycobacterial compounds isolated from medicinal plants: A South African comprehensive review 从药用植物中分离的抗真菌化合物：南非综合综述

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.009

N.I Mongalo, MV Raletsena

The current review aims at documenting the antimycobacterial compounds and derivatives against a plethora of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacteria. In South Africa, the indigenous people of different ethnic groups use medicinal plants to treat various Mycobacterial infections. However, the active ingredients, mode of action and safety profiles are not known to such lay people. A total of 117 antimycobacterial compounds were isolated, characterised, and synthesised from 35 medicinal plants belonging to 24 different families. The most dominant family was Asteraceae (20.83 %), followed by Combretaceae (16.67 %), and then Lamiaceae (12.5 %), Malvaceae and Rutaceae with 8.33 % apiece. The diversity of such compounds favoured the naphthoquinones (22.22 %), flavonoids (19.66 %), triterpenes (14.53 %), terpenes (10.26 %), steroids and glycosides (7.69 %), and coumarins (5.13 %). Naphthoquinones are well studies and compounds such as 7-methyljuglone and shinanolone from Euclea natalensis exhibited notable MIC values as low as 0.50 and 3.74 µg/ml against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis respectively. Several compounds showed potent antimycobacterial activity against both drug-sensitive and drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the toxicology and mode of action of many of the antimycobacterial compounds documented in the current paper remains unexplored. The in vivo studies and clinical trials are still lagging, making the antimycobacterial research less likely to yield possible antimycobacterial drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, alleviating antimicrobial pressure of the readily available antibiotics within the health sector. However, the in vitro bioactivity of the reported compounds from various medicinal plants serves as a first step towards eradicating various human and animal mycobacterial infections worldwide.

目前的综述旨在记录抗分枝杆菌化合物和衍生物对抗过多的致病性和非致病性分枝杆菌。在南非，不同种族的土著人使用药用植物来治疗各种分枝杆菌感染。然而，其有效成分、作用方式和安全性并不为这些外行人所知。从24个不同科的35种药用植物中分离、鉴定和合成了117个抗真菌化合物。菊科（20.83%）次之，combretacae（16.67%）次之，Lamiaceae（12.5%）、malvacae（8.33%）、rutacae（8.33%）次之。其中以萘醌类（22.22%）、黄酮类（19.66%）、三萜（14.53%）、萜烯类（10.26%）、甾体和糖苷类（7.69%）和香豆素类（5.13%）居多。萘醌类化合物得到了很好的研究，7-甲基核桃苷酮和山芦酮等化合物对结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌的MIC值分别为0.50和3.74µg/ml。几种化合物对药物敏感型和耐药型结核分枝杆菌均显示出有效的抗细菌活性。然而，在目前的论文中记录的许多抗真菌化合物的毒理学和作用方式仍未被探索。体内研究和临床试验仍然滞后，这使得抗细菌研究不太可能在制药工业中产生可能的抗细菌药物，从而减轻卫生部门内现成抗生素的抗微生物压力。然而，所报道的来自各种药用植物的化合物的体外生物活性可作为根除世界范围内各种人类和动物分枝杆菌感染的第一步。

{"title":"Antimycobacterial compounds isolated from medicinal plants: A South African comprehensive review","authors":"N.I Mongalo, MV Raletsena","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current review aims at documenting the antimycobacterial compounds and derivatives against a plethora of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacteria. In South Africa, the indigenous people of different ethnic groups use medicinal plants to treat various Mycobacterial infections. However, the active ingredients, mode of action and safety profiles are not known to such lay people. A total of 117 antimycobacterial compounds were isolated, characterised, and synthesised from 35 medicinal plants belonging to 24 different families. The most dominant family was Asteraceae (20.83 %), followed by Combretaceae (16.67 %), and then Lamiaceae (12.5 %), Malvaceae and Rutaceae with 8.33 % apiece. The diversity of such compounds favoured the naphthoquinones (22.22 %), flavonoids (19.66 %), triterpenes (14.53 %), terpenes (10.26 %), steroids and glycosides (7.69 %), and coumarins (5.13 %). Naphthoquinones are well studies and compounds such as 7-methyljuglone and shinanolone from <em>Euclea natalensis</em> exhibited notable MIC values as low as 0.50 and 3.74 µg/ml against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> respectively. Several compounds showed potent antimycobacterial activity against both drug-sensitive and drug resistant strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. However, the toxicology and mode of action of many of the antimycobacterial compounds documented in the current paper remains unexplored. The <em>in vivo</em> studies and clinical trials are still lagging, making the antimycobacterial research less likely to yield possible antimycobacterial drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, alleviating antimicrobial pressure of the readily available antibiotics within the health sector. However, the <em>in vitro</em> bioactivity of the reported compounds from various medicinal plants serves as a first step towards eradicating various human and animal mycobacterial infections worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 236-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hirsutolide isolated from Arctotis fastuosa induces apoptosis and inhibits viability, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 breast cancer cell 从鱼腥草中分离出的 Hirsutolide 可诱导 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞凋亡并抑制其活力、迁移和侵袭

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.005

Sana A. Fadil , Najat Binothman , Ahmed R. Yonbawi , Ahmad J. Almalki , Rawan H. Hareeri , Abrar Ashi , Marwa Alsulaimany , Yousef Almoghrabi , Hussam Daghistani , Hadeel H. Alshangiti , Lamiaa A. Shaala , Azza A. Khalifa , Ameen M. Almohammadi , Diaa T.A. Youssef , Faris A. Alkhilaiwi

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent malignancy in the female population, significantly contributing to cancer-related mortality rates. However, the excessive consumption of anticancer therapies may result in adverse effects. Therefore, developing natural materials exhibiting superior anticancer properties holds significant relevance. In this study hirsutolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, was isolated from aerial parts of the Egyptian plant Arctotis fastuosa. The phytochemical analysis resulted in the effective isolation and structural confirmation of hirsutolide, which was identified using a range of spectroscopy techniques. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that hirsutolide had strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with (IC₅₀ = 62.3 µM), while exhibiting slighter toxicity towards MRC-5 cells (IC₅₀ = 155.1 µM). Using annexin V-FITC assay, treatment of MCF7 cells with 31.1 µM for 48 h resulted in a significant increase in total apoptosis percentage from 39 % to 60 %. Additionally, Caspase 3 expression level was increased after treatment. Moreover, hirsutolide effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells. Docking studies suggested that hirsutolide binds to the Bcl2 active site, potentially influencing apoptotic pathways. These findings highlight hirsutolide's promising potential as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.

乳腺癌是女性人口中发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，大大提高了癌症相关死亡率。然而，过量使用抗癌疗法可能会导致不良后果。因此，开发具有卓越抗癌特性的天然材料具有重要意义。本研究从埃及植物 Arctotis fastuosa 的气生部分中分离出了一种倍半萜内酯--hirsutolide。通过植物化学分析，有效地分离并确认了赫苏内酯的结构，并利用一系列光谱技术对其进行了鉴定。细胞毒性试验显示，赫苏托内酯对 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞具有较强的细胞毒性（IC50 = 62.3 µM），而对 MRC-5 细胞的毒性较弱（IC50 = 155.1 µM）。使用附件素 V-FITC 检测法，用 31.1 µM 处理 MCF7 细胞 48 小时后，细胞凋亡的总比例从 39% 显著增加到 60%。此外，处理后 Caspase 3 的表达水平也有所增加。此外，赫苏内酯还能有效抑制 MCF-7 细胞的迁移和侵袭。对接研究表明，赫苏托列能与 Bcl2 活性位点结合，从而影响细胞凋亡途径。这些发现凸显了赫苏托内酯作为乳腺癌治疗药物的巨大潜力。

{"title":"Hirsutolide isolated from Arctotis fastuosa induces apoptosis and inhibits viability, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 breast cancer cell","authors":"Sana A. Fadil , Najat Binothman , Ahmed R. Yonbawi , Ahmad J. Almalki , Rawan H. Hareeri , Abrar Ashi , Marwa Alsulaimany , Yousef Almoghrabi , Hussam Daghistani , Hadeel H. Alshangiti , Lamiaa A. Shaala , Azza A. Khalifa , Ameen M. Almohammadi , Diaa T.A. Youssef , Faris A. Alkhilaiwi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer represents the most prevalent malignancy in the female population, significantly contributing to cancer-related mortality rates. However, the excessive consumption of anticancer therapies may result in adverse effects. Therefore, developing natural materials exhibiting superior anticancer properties holds significant relevance. In this study hirsutolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, was isolated from aerial parts of the Egyptian plant <em>Arctotis fastuosa</em>. The phytochemical analysis resulted in the effective isolation and structural confirmation of hirsutolide, which was identified using a range of spectroscopy techniques. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that hirsutolide had strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with (IC<sub>50</sub> = 62.3 µM), while exhibiting slighter toxicity towards MRC-5 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 155.1 µM). Using annexin V-FITC assay, treatment of MCF7 cells with 31.1 µM for 48 h resulted in a significant increase in total apoptosis percentage from 39 % to 60 %. Additionally, Caspase 3 expression level was increased after treatment. Moreover, hirsutolide effectively inhibited cell migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells. Docking studies suggested that hirsutolide binds to the Bcl2 active site, potentially influencing apoptotic pathways. These findings highlight hirsutolide's promising potential as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative profiling of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from selected medicinal plants: Implications for mitigating obesity-related inflammation 选定药用植物提取物的生物活性化合物和抗氧化活性的比较分析：减轻肥胖相关炎症的意义

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.023

Mlungisi F. Mngoma , Lembe S. Magwaza , Asanda Mditshwa , Samson Z. Tesfay , Blessing N Mkhwanazi , Mbukeni A Nkomo

Obesity is a metabolic disorder, contributing to various health complications, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Increased use of plant extracts to reduce obesity risk reflects consumer preference for natural remedies and scientific validation for their safety and efficacy. This study profiled bioactive compounds in methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta, Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch, Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt, and Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch) Walp. The objective was to explore and compare the medicinal properties of distinct plant parts for their potential to mitigate obesity-induced inflammation. P. prunelloides leaves and roots had higher concentrations of phenolics (123.92 mg/mL and 110.01 mg/mL) and flavonoids (44.4 mg/mL and 55.05 mg/mL), respectively. Gallotannins were significantly higher in H. hemerocallidea roots (5.19 mg/mL) while proanthocyanidins were predominantly found in P. prunelloides roots (35.77 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays. P. prunelloides roots had higher FRAP (2.97 mg/mL) and moderate DPPH (RSA) (52.89 %) while M. plumbea roots had the highest DPPH RSA (80.86 %) and lower FRAP (2.25 mg/mL). E. autumnalis roots and leaves showed FRAP values of 2.78 and 2.13 mg/mL, and DPPH RSA of 80.72 and 74.54 %, respectively. The results revealed that all plants investigated had considerable amounts of bioactive compounds with P. prunelloides showing the highest concentration, highlighting its potential for further pharmaceutical and nutraceutical exploration. Further research validating the bioactivity of key compounds in vivo, exploring seasonal variations, and assessing optimal harvesting practices is paramount for the sustainable utilization of these medicinal plants.

肥胖是一种代谢紊乱，会导致各种健康并发症，包括糖尿病、高血压和心血管功能障碍。越来越多地使用植物提取物来降低肥胖风险，反映了消费者对自然疗法的偏好，以及对其安全性和有效性的科学验证。本研究分析了梅威拉（Merwilla plumbea）叶和根甲醇提取物中的生物活性化合物。鱼类，秋合欢（Mill.）Chitt，和Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch) Walp。目的是探索和比较不同植物部分的药用特性，以减轻肥胖引起的炎症。叶和根中酚类物质含量分别为123.92 mg/mL和110.01 mg/mL，黄酮含量分别为44.4 mg/mL和55.05 mg/mL。萱草根中没食子丹素含量显著高于萱草根（5.19 mg/mL），而prunelloides根中原花青素含量显著高于萱草根（35.77 mg/mL）。通过铁还原抗氧化电位（FRAP）和DPPH自由基清除活性（RSA）测定其抗氧化活性。枯草根具有较高的FRAP （2.97 mg/mL）和中等的DPPH (RSA)(52.89%)，而毛竹根具有最高的DPPH RSA（80.86%）和较低的FRAP （2.25 mg/mL）。秋菖蒲根和叶的FRAP分别为2.78和2.13 mg/mL， DPPH RSA分别为80.72和74.54%。结果表明，在所调查的所有植物中均含有相当数量的生物活性化合物，其中prunelelloides含量最高，表明其具有进一步药用和营养开发的潜力。进一步研究验证关键化合物在体内的生物活性，探索季节变化，评估最佳采收方法对这些药用植物的可持续利用至关重要。

{"title":"Comparative profiling of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from selected medicinal plants: Implications for mitigating obesity-related inflammation","authors":"Mlungisi F. Mngoma , Lembe S. Magwaza , Asanda Mditshwa , Samson Z. Tesfay , Blessing N Mkhwanazi , Mbukeni A Nkomo","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a metabolic disorder, contributing to various health complications, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Increased use of plant extracts to reduce obesity risk reflects consumer preference for natural remedies and scientific validation for their safety and efficacy. This study profiled bioactive compounds in methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of <em>Merwilla plumbea</em> (Lindl.) Speta<em>, Hypoxis hemerocallidea</em> Fisch<em>, Eucomis autumnalis</em> (Mill.) Chitt<em>,</em> and <em>Pentanisia prunelloides</em> (Klotzsch) Walp. The objective was to explore and compare the medicinal properties of distinct plant parts for their potential to mitigate obesity-induced inflammation. <em>P. prunelloides</em> leaves and roots had higher concentrations of phenolics (123.92 mg/mL and 110.01 mg/mL) and flavonoids (44.4 mg/mL and 55.05 mg/mL), respectively. Gallotannins were significantly higher in <em>H. hemerocallidea</em> roots (5.19 mg/mL) while proanthocyanidins were predominantly found in <em>P. prunelloides</em> roots (35.77 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays. <em>P. prunelloides</em> roots had higher FRAP (2.97 mg/mL) and moderate DPPH (RSA) (52.89 %) while <em>M. plumbea</em> roots had the highest DPPH RSA (80.86 %) and lower FRAP (2.25 mg/mL). <em>E. autumnalis</em> roots and leaves showed FRAP values of 2.78 and 2.13 mg/mL, and DPPH RSA of 80.72 and 74.54 %, respectively. The results revealed that all plants investigated had considerable amounts of bioactive compounds with <em>P. prunelloides</em> showing the highest concentration, highlighting its potential for further pharmaceutical and nutraceutical exploration. Further research validating the bioactivity of key compounds in vivo, exploring seasonal variations, and assessing optimal harvesting practices is paramount for the sustainable utilization of these medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin from Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana alleviate liver injury in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats 金合欢中的杨桃苷、山奈酚-3- o -芦丁苷和芦丁（福斯克）海ssp。小檗碱可减轻四氯化碳中毒大鼠肝损伤

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.024

Fatima El-Ghazouani , Oukacha Amri , Abdellah Bouhaimi , Abderrahmane Zekhnini

Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana has traditionally been employed to treat liver disorders. However, its hepatoprotective properties remain unexplored. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential, and hepatoprotective effects of the plant's ethanolic leaf extract. LC-MS analysis identified 11 phenolic compounds in the extract, with the glycosylated flavonoids myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin being the most abundant. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant capacity, demonstrated by a DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 149.77 µg DW/mL and a ferric reducing antioxidant power value of 717.02 µmol TEAC/g DW. CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, alongside increased malondialdehyde and decreased catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in liver homogenates. Pretreatment with the plant extract at 150 and 250 mg/kg BW effectively ameliorated these biomarkers, restoring them near control levels. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings, revealing a marked preservation of liver tissue integrity and a reduction in hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration at both dosages. These hepatoprotective effects could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin. Acute toxicity evaluation at a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW revealed no mortality or signs of toxicity. These findings show that A. tortilis ssp. raddiana possesses properties that may contribute to liver protection against toxic substances, warranting further investigation into its potential therapeutic applications.

墨西哥金合欢汤。Raddiana传统上被用来治疗肝脏疾病。然而，其保护肝脏的特性仍未被发现。本研究研究了该植物乙醇叶提取物的酚类成分、抗氧化潜力和肝保护作用。LC-MS分析鉴定出提取物中含有11种酚类化合物，其中糖基化黄酮类化合物杨梅三醇、山奈酚-3- o -芦丁苷和芦丁含量最多。提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力，对DPPH自由基的清除能力为149.77µg DW/mL，对铁的还原能力为717.02µmol TEAC/g DW。CCl 4诱导的肝损伤大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶水平显著升高，肝匀浆中丙二醛升高，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽s转移酶活性降低。150和250 mg/kg BW的植物提取物预处理有效改善了这些生物标志物，使其恢复到接近对照水平。组织病理学分析证实了这些发现，显示在两种剂量下，肝组织完整性得到了显著的保护，肝细胞变性和炎症细胞浸润的减少。这些肝保护作用可能归因于杨梅三醇、山奈酚-3- o -芦丁苷和芦丁的抗氧化和抗炎特性。在2000毫克/公斤体重剂量下的急性毒性评估显示没有死亡或毒性迹象。这些结果表明，玉米饼孢粉属植物。Raddiana具有保护肝脏免受有毒物质侵害的特性，值得进一步研究其潜在的治疗应用。

{"title":"Myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin from Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana alleviate liver injury in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats","authors":"Fatima El-Ghazouani , Oukacha Amri , Abdellah Bouhaimi , Abderrahmane Zekhnini","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acacia tortilis</em> ssp. <em>raddiana</em> has traditionally been employed to treat liver disorders. However, its hepatoprotective properties remain unexplored. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential, and hepatoprotective effects of the plant's ethanolic leaf extract. LC-MS analysis identified 11 phenolic compounds in the extract, with the glycosylated flavonoids myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin being the most abundant. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant capacity, demonstrated by a DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 149.77 µg DW/mL and a ferric reducing antioxidant power value of 717.02 µmol TEAC/g DW. CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, alongside increased malondialdehyde and decreased catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in liver homogenates. Pretreatment with the plant extract at 150 and 250 mg/kg BW effectively ameliorated these biomarkers, restoring them near control levels. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings, revealing a marked preservation of liver tissue integrity and a reduction in hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration at both dosages. These hepatoprotective effects could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of myricitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and rutin. Acute toxicity evaluation at a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW revealed no mortality or signs of toxicity. These findings show that <em>A. tortilis</em> ssp. <em>raddiana</em> possesses properties that may contribute to liver protection against toxic substances, warranting further investigation into its potential therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant growth regulator studies and emerging biotechnological approaches in Artemisia annua L.: A comprehensive overview 植物生长调节剂的研究和新兴的生物技术方法在黄花蒿：综合综述

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.016

Dexter Achu Mosoh

Artemisia annua L., a prominent Chinese medicinal plant, serves as the primary commercial source of artemisinin, a potent anti-plasmodial compound critical in malaria treatment. However, global artemisinin demand significantly exceeds supply due to the plant's low natural yield (0.1–0.9 % dry weight). Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are a versatile class of agrochemicals capable of modulating plant growth, physiology, and metabolism. Acting individually or through cross-talk in complex signaling cascades, PGRs elicit specific responses that enhance biomass and secondary metabolite production. In A. annua, strategic PGR applications have shown great potential to improve both in vivo and in vitro growth dynamics, stress resilience, and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds like artemisinin.

Recent advancements in biotechnological strategies, including in vitro culture systems, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess optimization, have demonstrated the potential of PGRs to maximize artemisinin production. These strategies leverage rapid micropropagation, molecular approaches (including transgenics), and cell-based culture techniques to enhance crop yield and secondary metabolite content. Furthermore, omics-driven research has provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning PGR-mediated artemisinin biosynthesis, enabling precise and targeted applications and thus offering sustainable solutions to meet rising global demands.

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the biotechnological applications of PGRs in A. annua. It highlights the fundamental roles of plant hormones and their interactions in regulating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The review also emphasizes the targeted exogenous application of PGRs in plant regeneration through tissue culture, secondary metabolite elicitation, and the optimization of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, this work highlights the need to integrate PGRs and transgenic plant applications in A. annua as part of an innovative and scalable strategy that combines biotechnological tools, omics insights, and field validation. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and students in plant biotechnology, providing practical knowledge to advance the cultivation and metabolic optimization of A. annua for enhanced artemisinin production.

黄花蒿（Artemisia annua L.）是一种著名的中国药用植物，是青蒿素的主要商业来源，青蒿素是一种有效的抗疟原虫化合物，对疟疾治疗至关重要。然而，由于该植物的自然产量较低（干重的0.1 - 0.9%），全球对青蒿素的需求大大超过了供应。植物生长调节剂（pgr）是一类多功能农用化学品，能够调节植物的生长、生理和代谢。在复杂的信号级联中，pgr单独或通过串扰作用，引发特定的反应，提高生物量和次生代谢物的产生。在黄花蒿中，战略性PGR应用已显示出巨大的潜力，可以改善其体内和体外生长动态、应激恢复能力以及生物活性化合物（如青蒿素）的生物合成。生物技术策略的最新进展，包括体外培养系统、代谢工程和生物过程优化，已经证明了pgr在最大限度地提高青蒿素产量方面的潜力。这些策略利用快速微繁、分子方法（包括转基因）和基于细胞的培养技术来提高作物产量和次生代谢物含量。此外，组学驱动的研究为支持pgr介导的青蒿素生物合成的分子机制提供了详细的见解，从而实现了精确和有针对性的应用，从而提供了可持续的解决方案，以满足不断增长的全球需求。本文对稻瘟病植物pgr的生物技术应用进行了综述。它强调了植物激素的基本作用和它们在调节生物和非生物胁迫反应中的相互作用。本文还重点介绍了pgr在植物再生中的外源应用，包括组织培养、次生代谢物诱导、青蒿素生物合成途径的优化等。此外，这项工作强调需要将pgr和转基因植物应用整合到黄花蒿中，作为结合生物技术工具、组学见解和田间验证的创新和可扩展策略的一部分。本综述为植物生物技术的研究人员和学生提供了有价值的见解，为推进黄花蒿的培养和代谢优化以提高青蒿素的产量提供了实用的知识。

{"title":"Plant growth regulator studies and emerging biotechnological approaches in Artemisia annua L.: A comprehensive overview","authors":"Dexter Achu Mosoh","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Artemisia annua</em> L., a prominent Chinese medicinal plant, serves as the primary commercial source of artemisinin, a potent anti-plasmodial compound critical in malaria treatment. However, global artemisinin demand significantly exceeds supply due to the plant's low natural yield (0.1–0.9 % dry weight). Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are a versatile class of agrochemicals capable of modulating plant growth, physiology, and metabolism. Acting individually or through cross-talk in complex signaling cascades, PGRs elicit specific responses that enhance biomass and secondary metabolite production. In <em>A. annua</em>, strategic PGR applications have shown great potential to improve both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> growth dynamics, stress resilience, and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds like artemisinin.</div><div>Recent advancements in biotechnological strategies, including <em>in vitro</em> culture systems, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess optimization, have demonstrated the potential of PGRs to maximize artemisinin production. These strategies leverage rapid micropropagation, molecular approaches (including transgenics), and cell-based culture techniques to enhance crop yield and secondary metabolite content. Furthermore, omics-driven research has provided detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning PGR-mediated artemisinin biosynthesis, enabling precise and targeted applications and thus offering sustainable solutions to meet rising global demands.</div><div>This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the biotechnological applications of PGRs in <em>A. annua</em>. It highlights the fundamental roles of plant hormones and their interactions in regulating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The review also emphasizes the targeted exogenous application of PGRs in plant regeneration through tissue culture, secondary metabolite elicitation, and the optimization of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, this work highlights the need to integrate PGRs and transgenic plant applications in <em>A. annua</em> as part of an innovative and scalable strategy that combines biotechnological tools, omics insights, and field validation. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and students in plant biotechnology, providing practical knowledge to advance the cultivation and metabolic optimization of <em>A. annua</em> for enhanced artemisinin production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"181 ","pages":"Pages 181-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0