South African Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of biotechnological techniques for the propagation and introduction of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim","authors":"Kinga Lewtak ,&nbsp;Lidia Błaszczyk ,&nbsp;Dominika Kucharuk ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Dąbrowska ,&nbsp;Dorota Tchórzewska","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> Maxim. is classified among the 50 most important medicinal plants used in traditional Asian medicine. This species is endemic and reproduction from seeds in the conditions of Central Europe is inefficient. The present study focused on the implementation of effective propagation of <em>T. kirilowii</em>, including standardisation of seed germination conditions, reproduction of the plant based on micropropagation, and introduction to field conditions. Four types of explants were tested on six types of media in various variants of culture conditions. Additionally, anatomical and histological analyses of specimens obtained through the <em>in vitro</em> cultivation were carried out, with particular emphasis on the site of initiation of aboveground and underground shoots. Microscopic analyses showed that the <em>T. kirilowii</em> shoots and roots obtained in the <em>in vitro</em> culture formed in the process of organogenesis via direct regeneration. Even though the callus did not participate in the regeneration of the entire plant, the micropropagation protocol proposed in the study was efficient: 6–8 shoots were obtained from 1 explant. The entire micropropagation process from the explant to an adult individual growing in the ground lasted 122 days. The protocol for <em>T. kirilowii</em> micropropagation <em>in vitro</em> cultures provides a fast, efficient, and robust approach to propagation of this species. The biotechnological applications in the reproduction of <em>T. kirilowii</em> will help not only to increase the number of daughter plants but also to multiply individuals of the appropriate sex, which will increase the probability of production of fruits in this dioecious species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of humic acids and Serendipita indica on photosynthesis and yield of bean plants","authors":"Luanna Vanessa de Souza Cangussú ,&nbsp;Tânia Pires da Silva ,&nbsp;Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi ,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Cardoso Batista ,&nbsp;Vitória Costa Pereira Lopes Alves de França ,&nbsp;Wellington Ferreira Campos ,&nbsp;Leonardo Barros Dobbss","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture increasingly uses sustainable technologies to obtain higher yields and reduce environmental impact. In this context, the use of humic substances and growth-promoting fungi, such as <em>Serendipita indica,</em> has emerged as an alternative for increasing the yield of crops such as beans. This study aimed to assess the effects of using humic acid (HA) isolated from vermicompost on its own or combined with the fungus <em>S. indica</em> on the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of common beans (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.). Initially, a dose-response trial was carried out with six treatments (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ de HA) to identify the best concentration of HA in the initial growth of the bean plant. From the optimal concentration obtained, 200 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ of HA, a new experiment was developed to investigate the influence of HA and the <em>S. Indica</em> fungus in photosynthesis and plant yield. The treatments were: T1 – control (no humic acid and no fungus); T2 – 200 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ of HA; T3 – <em>S. indica</em> fungus; T4 – 200 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ of HA and <em>S. indica</em> fungus. The joint application of HA at a concentration of 200 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹ with the fungus <em>S. indica</em> increased the photosynthetic efficiency and bean grain yield per plot. The associated use of biostimulants can change the production trend of common beans, making them more profitable and attractive for producers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill. (Rutaceae): A comprehensive review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and essential oils","authors":"Thanyani Emelton Ramadwa ,&nbsp;Fikile Nelly Makhubu","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cedrelopsis grevei</em> Baill (Rutaceae) is an indigenous species of Madagascar and widely used in ethnomedicine. Its bark, stem, leaves, and essential oils have been traditionally used as aphrodisiacs and for treating various illnesses, such as fever, malaria, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, fatigue, and hypertension. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to offer guidance for future studies and possible applications by summarizing the current developments to date regarding studies on <em>C. grevei</em> essential oils, isolated phytochemicals, pharmacological properties, and <em>in vivo</em> studies. Data on <em>C. grevei</em> were gathered using the following databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Wiley online, SpringerLink, and PubMed. It has been reported that <em>C. grevei</em> contains triterpenoid derivatives, coumarins, acetophenones, chromones, and limonoids. Its essential oils, mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons, includes 160 identified constituents of essential oils and about 29 other compounds from various plant parts. This plant species exhibits different pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative against cancer cell lines. <em>Ex vivo</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have explored its vasodilation and cardiovascular effects. The review showed that the pharmacological activity of <em>C. grevei</em> extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds support the use of this plant in traditional medicine for a variety of illnesses. However, more studies are required to be done on scientific and clinical aspects to support its therapeutic applications. Further studies on chronic toxicity and efficacy in animal models are necessary to confirm its therapeutic potential and ensure safety for future clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poultry manure application enhances the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and fixed oil of Momordica charantia L","authors":"Gulsum Yaldiz,&nbsp;Mahmut Camlica,&nbsp;Deniz Dasdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its rich sources of bioactive compounds, <em>Momordica charantia</em> (bitter melon) is used as a food and natural medicine, resuting in many beneficial health effects. Poultry manure is a valuable source of organic fertilizer used to enrich soil fertility to obtain high yields from agricultural products. It contains high levels of essential macro and micronutrients. The present study aimed to determine the effects of chicken and turkey manure applications on the protein content, extract content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and mineral matter productivity of bitter melon fruits. In addition, the study evaluated the chicken and turkey manure applications on the fixed oil quality of bitter melon seeds. In this context, different doses of chicken (T_1:10, T_2:12.5, T_3:15, T_4:17.5 t/ha) and turkey (T_5: 10, T_6: 12.5, T_7:15, T_8:17.5 t/ha) manures were applied by sowing. The crude protein contents values of the bitter melon fruits ranged from 4.79 to 7.80 %, and a maximum crude protein content of bitter melon fruits was obtained from T₈ application. The highest DPPH activity was observed with the T₇ (88.43 %) and T₄ (86.23 %) applications, while the highest FRAP value was obtained from T₄ application (73.52 mg TE/g). In addition, the highest total phenolic content (21.13 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid amount (11.44 mg QE/g) of bitter melon fruits were obtained from T₆ application. Maximum capric acid (50.40 %) was recorded in the seed oil after applying the T₁, while the highest concentration of lauric acid (30.09 %) were reflected by applying the T₅. The highest Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations were found in the T₄, while the highest concentration of Zn and B recorded in the fruit extract appeared after applying the T₆. The PCA analysis showed 56.2 % of total variation. Thus, the results suggest that the application of poultry manure could be employed to get maximum benefits regarding protein and extract contents, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, fixed oil component and mineral content values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of herbal biomass derived metabolites fabricated wound dressing material against microbial strains causing skin infection","authors":"A.L Francis,&nbsp;S.Karthick Raja Namasivayam,&nbsp;S. Priyanka","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, anti-microbial activity of wound dressing material coated with <em>Aloe vera</em> and <em>Azadirachta indica</em> metabolites was investigated on pathogenic microbial strains associated with skin infection. Anti-microbial active metabolites extracted from the respective medicinal plant were fabricated on the wound dressing material by simple<em>, in situ</em> green science principles. Confirmation of phytochemicals fabrication on the fibre surface of the material was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Additionally, the impact of phyto-constituents fabrication on mechanical properties such as thickness and tensile strength was assessed. The anti-microbial efficacy of the fabricated dressing against pathogenic microorganisms (<em>Candida albicans, Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> ATCC 25923) was evaluated using agar diffusion assay. The release profile of phytochemical constituents from the fabricated wound dressing was investigated using ethanol and distilled water as solvents. The results showed that the phytochemical constituents were fabricated effectively on the wound dressing material and exhibiting notable growth inhibition potential against tested pathogenic strains. The release profile study revealed an initial burst release of phytochemical constituents followed by a controlled or sustained pattern. In conclusion, wound dressings infused with plant extracts present a promising approach for wound care applications and show potential for various healing-related purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Efficient and Reproducible in Vitro Regeneration and Transformation Protocol for Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem","authors":"Zhengjing Wu,&nbsp;Chenfang Li,&nbsp;Yidian Gao,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Long,&nbsp;Bingjie An,&nbsp;Sujuan Liu,&nbsp;Jingjing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To establish an efficient in vitro regeneration system and lay a foundation for further research, the effects of shelling, plant hormones, explant position, infection parameters and other factors on the in vitro regeneration of luffa cotyledons were studied. The results showed that the best medium for inducing adventitious buds from luffa cotyledons was Murashige and Skoog (MS) + Thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.3 mg·<em>L</em>⁻¹+ Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA) 0.02 mg·<em>L</em>⁻¹+ AgNO₃ 2 mg·<em>L</em>⁻¹+ sucrose 3 %, and the induction rate reached 95.83 %. However, different cotyledon cutting methods resulted in different regeneration rates of adventitious buds. Using this regeneration system, the <em>ACS7</em> gene was successfully transferred into luffa by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of mercury ameliorating rhizobacteria for enhancing growth and yield of Triticum Aestivum L. in the field: An in-vitro and in- silico study","authors":"Aatif Amin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed ,&nbsp;Sunbul Rasheed ,&nbsp;Zakia Latif ,&nbsp;Tariq Aziz ,&nbsp;Fahad Al Asmari ,&nbsp;Maha Aljabri","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg) resistant and indole 3-acetice acid (IAA)-producing rhizobacteria were isolated from mercury-contaminated areas. Among the 60 Hg-resistant bacterial isolates, three were selected based on high Hg-resistance (MIC-30 µg/ml) and IAA production (15–40 µg/ml). Selected isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular characterization, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses were performed to confirm IAA production by these rhizobacteria. Pot and field experiments were conducted under controlled conditions on <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. with a bacterial consortium consisting of AZ-3, Z-A15, and Z-A22. The selected isolates were identified as <em>Bacillus cereus</em> AZ-3, <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> Z-A15, and <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> Z-A22, respectively. <em>B. cereus</em> AZ-3 showed 90 % resistance against HgCl₂ at 40 µg/ml due to the presence <em>mer</em>T gene. <em>E. cloacae</em> Z-A15 and <em>P. putida</em> Z-A22 showed high production of IAA at 20 and 36 µg/ml respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) confirmed IAA production by the selected bacteria. In greenhouse experiments, the inoculation of <em>T. aestivum</em> L. with bacterial consortium A7 (AZ-3, Z-A15, and Z-A22) with Hg resulted in 35 %, 60 %, 22 %, 98 % and 100 % increase while without Hg showed 32 %, 60 %, 30 %, 56 %, and 120 % increase in shoot length, tillers, spike length, number of spikelets, and seed weight/200 g respectively. In field experiments, the A7 showed 17 %, 66 %, 17 %, 27 %, 40 % and 70 % increases in shoot length, tillers, spike length, number of spikelets, dry weight and yield/acre in <em>T. aestivum</em> L. respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The structural determination of MerT protein of <em>B. cereus</em> AZ-3 was carried out using bioinformatics tools, i.e., DISOPRED, SwissModel, ERRAT, Verify3D and PROCHECK. These tools predicted the structural-based functional homology of MerT transmembrane protein in bacterial Hg-detoxification system. The use of the bacterial consortium A7 as a biofertilizer to reduce mercury pollution while promoting plant growth in contaminated soils offers a novel approach to maintaining sustainable agricultural land in polluted environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of iron oxide-modified biochar in simultaneous mitigation of lead and nickel toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Tufail Shah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Irshad ,&nbsp;Wasim Javed ,&nbsp;Mahshab Sheraz ,&nbsp;Atif Muhmood ,&nbsp;Ali Noman ,&nbsp;Maryam M. Alomran ,&nbsp;Sang Soo Lee ,&nbsp;Jianying Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) contamination of soil is a global environmental threat, compromising agricultural productivity, human health, and ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new and sustainable approaches for the mitigation of Pb and Ni toxicity in crop plants. In the current study, iron oxide-modified biochar (FMBC) was prepared and evaluated to determine its effectiveness in improving wheat growth and reducing Pb and Ni uptake by wheat plants. In the pot experiment, varying levels of pristine biochar (BC) and FMBC were incorporated into Pb- and Ni-contaminated soil. The data showed that growth of wheat plants was significantly improved by FMBC application at its highest level (1.5 %) resulting in increased root, shoot, husk, grain dry weights, and root and shoot lengths. Similarly, FMBC (1.5 %) significantly increased photosynthesis, transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂, chlorophyll-a, and chlorophyll-b contents of wheat plants by 110.4 %, 44.5 %, 169.5 %, 47.6 %, 125 %, and 148 %, respectively. Plants treated with 1.5 % FMBC showed reduced oxidative stress in terms of suppressed hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde contents by 53.2 %, 52.7 %, and 41.3 %, respectively. FMBC application significantly reduced Pb and Ni bioavailability in soil and its uptake by plants. The FMBC amendment (1.5 %) decreased Ni concentrations in roots, shoots, husks, and grains by 31.6 %, 19.4 %, 24 %, and 24.3 % and Pb content by 60.1 %, 59.5 %, 79.6 %, and 76.1 %, respectively. The findings of the current study demonstrated that FMBC is an environment-friendly and sustainable amendment for reducing the risks associated with the uptake of Pb and Ni by wheat grown in contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential use of Macrocystis pyrifera extracts as a biostimulant—A review","authors":"Naledi Makhubalo,&nbsp;Chuene Victor Mashamaite,&nbsp;Alen Manyevere","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increased use of chemical fertilisers is linked to several issues, including land degradation, eutrophication, and environmental pollution. Furthermore, the astronomical cost of these fertilisers necessitates the quest for cheaper, more environmentally friendly, and safe natural phytonutrient sources. The liquid derived from <em>Macrocystis pyrifera</em> (giant kelp) has been used to promote the growth and productivity of numerous crops. The extracts contain a high concentration of ascorbate and phytohormones, including cytokinin, gibberellins, zeatin, fucoidan, and indole-3-acetic acid. It also contains phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium, copper, zinc, manganese, sodium, tannins, and vitamins. Furthermore, giant kelp extract is a beneficial product that promotes seed germination, plant growth, and deeper root development, as well as increasing crop yield and quality under a variety of conditions. In this study, we narratively reviewed studies on giant kelp extract as a potential biostimulant for increasing crop growth and productivity. Furthermore, we highlighted its potential application in smallholder farming systems to provide phytonutrients, as well as research gaps in existing knowledge about giant kelp extracts. In general, giant kelp extract is an environmentally benign and natural biostimulant that can be used to increase the development and production of a variety of crops. Despite the potential of giant kelp extracts, further research is needed on available phytohormones, nutrients, and potentially cheaper preservative extraction methods, as well as the effect of their application on soil properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducing mutations with EMS are useful in breaking the established correlations among economically important traits in cotton","authors":"Saba Zafar ,&nbsp;Hassan Abbas ,&nbsp;Sana Zulfiqar ,&nbsp;Ammad Abbas ,&nbsp;M Atif Iqbal ,&nbsp;Bradley J Till ,&nbsp;Mehboob-ur-Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.09.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expanding the extent of genetic diversity, eroded during the process of domestication and breeding efforts, is essentially required for developing climate resilient cultivars as well as for pinning down the genetic pathways of complex traits. A total of 224 mutants were developed by exposing seed of a candidate cotton variety ‘PGMB-2467ʼ with an optimized concentration of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). These mutant lines along with the wild type were phenotypically characterized by sowing trials at two sites using alpha lattice design for three successive generations, M₄, M₅ and M₆. The variations observed in the studied traits at both extremes as compared to the wild type were largely due to genetics as was confirmed by their stable expression as well as their heritability (<em>H²</em>) estimates. Correlations between the traits as reported in early studies remained intact which was possibly due to the mutations induced in genes with pleiotropic effect. However, positive correlation between fiber strength (FS) and micronaire (MIC) value, contradictory to several studies, was possibly due to mutations induced in gene(s) conferring either of the traits of mutant population or genetic background of the wildtype. Principal component analysis (PCA) elucidated that first five components explained 61.2 % and 59 % of total variations at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) location, respectively. The genotype by trait (GT) bi-plot revealed significant associations between plant height (PH), ginning out turn percentage (GOT%) and fiber quality traits. Mutant lines PGMB-139 and PGMB-140 exhibited maximum GOT% and MIC value. Also, PGMB-143 and PGMB-48 were found to be the best mutant lines for fiber strength (FS), PGMB-463 for upper half mean length (UHML) and PGMB-62-1 for PH. It was concluded that EMS can be used as an alternative to physical mutagens and recombinational breeding for inducing mutations in the genome. These newly developed mutants can be used by the international cotton community for exploring their potential in improving cotton cultivars, hybrid vigor and also for unravelling the genetic mechanisms of the studied traits which would lead to initiate breeding by design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}