South African Journal of Botany最新文献_第3页

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) using agronomic and SSR markers for breeding high-yielding, early-maturing, and stress-resilient genotypes 利用农艺和SSR标记选育绿豆高产、早熟和抗逆性基因型的遗传多样性和群体结构分析

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.017

Versha Rohilla , Hirdayesh Anuragi , Rajesh Yadav , Ravika Sheoran , Atman Poonia , Amit Sharma

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration, nutritionally rich legume with high-quality proteins and micronutrients, making it an important dietary component for combating malnutrition and diversifying cereal-dominated cropping systems. However, its genetic improvement is constrained by a narrow genetic base and vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study assessed the genetic diversity of 80 mungbean genotypes, comprising advanced breeding lines and released cultivars, across four environments (kharif, 2018; summer, 2019; kharif, 2019; summer, 2020) using 30 morphological and yield traits coupled with 164 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Principal factor analysis identified eight components explaining >73 % of phenotypic variation, with yield-related traits loading strongly on PF3 in summer and PF2 in kharif and pooled analyses. Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) exhibited a consistent negative association with yield. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped genotypes into ten morphological clusters, whereas SSR-based unweighted neighbor-joining analysis revealed three major molecular clusters, with limited correspondence between phenotypic and molecular groupings. Average estimates of heritability and Fst were >60 % and 0.071. Population structure analyses showed similar groupings, indicating a shared ancestry among advanced genotypes, with SP1–SP3 pure and SP4 admixture. Genotypes MH 421, MH 318, MH 1314, IPM 409–4, and IPM 205–7 emerged as high-yielding and early-maturing across environments with stress-resilience. Also, this study novelly pinpoint divergent parents for heterosis and resilient cultivar breeding. Integration of multi-environment phenotyping and molecular profiling provided a robust framework for selecting genetically divergent parents to maximize heterosis and accelerate mungbean improvement. Future genomic-assisted and multi-omics approaches can exploit the identified diversity to develop high-yielding, climate-resilient, and nutritionally enhanced cultivars in legumes.

绿豆（Vigna radiata L. Wilczek）是一种持续时间短、营养丰富的豆科植物，含有优质蛋白质和微量营养素，是对抗营养不良和实现谷物为主的种植系统多样化的重要膳食成分。然而，其遗传改良受到遗传基础狭窄和易受生物和非生物胁迫的限制。本研究利用30个形态和产量性状，以及164个SSR标记，评估了80个绿豆基因型的遗传多样性，包括高级育种系和发布品种，跨越4个环境（kharif, 2018; summer, 2019; kharif, 2019; summer, 2020）。主因子分析确定了8个因素解释了73%的表型变异，其中产量相关性状在夏季和秋季对PF3和PF2的影响较大。黄花叶病（YMD）与产量呈负相关。层次聚类分析（HCA）将基因型分为10个形态聚类，而基于ssr的非加权邻居连接分析显示了3个主要的分子聚类，表型和分子聚类之间的对应关系有限。遗传力和Fst的平均估计值分别为60%和0.071。种群结构分析显示相似的分组，表明高级基因型具有共同的祖先，具有SP1-SP3纯型和SP4混合型。基因型MH 421、MH 318、MH 1314、IPM 409-4和IPM 205-7在具有应激恢复能力的环境中表现出高产早熟。此外，本研究还为杂种优势和抗逆性育种找到了新的分化亲本。多环境表型和分子图谱的整合为选择遗传差异亲本提供了强有力的框架，以最大限度地提高杂种优势和加速绿豆改良。未来的基因组辅助和多组学方法可以利用已确定的多样性来开发高产、气候适应型和营养增强型豆科作物品种。

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引用次数: 0

Flavonoids and iridoids in the aerial parts of Vaccinium secundiflorum Hook. (Ericaceae): Insights into their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities 二恶英地上部黄酮类和环烯醚萜类化合物的研究。（Ericaceae）：对其抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性的研究

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.028

Nantenaina Tombozara , Minjie Zhao , Rinah Zoarilala Razafindrakoto , Eric Marchioni , David Ramanitrahasimbola , Charles Andrianjara , Reine Dorothée Ramilison-Razafimahefa , Dina Andriamahavola Rakotondramanana , Diane Julien-David

The aerial parts of Vaccinium secundiflorum Hook. (Ericaceae) are traditionally used by communities living near the Tapia forests of Madagascar to treat diabetes, diarrhoea, and stomach aches. Our previous research demonstrated that the methanolic extract this plant possesses both antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. To further investigate these preliminary findings, the present study aimed to isolate and identify the major bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological effects. Six compounds were isolated, including four flavonoids – quercetin (A), isoquercetin (B), hyperoside (C) and rutin (D) – and two iridoids – vaccinoside (E) and 10-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-6α-hydroxydihydromonotropein (F). Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (UV, HRMS and NMR). Flavonoids A-D exhibited notable antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical, with IC₅₀ values of 34.37 ± 0.79, 50.47 ± 0.32, 49.48 ± 0.54, and 56.43 ± 0.52 µM, respectively. In contrast, iridoids E and F showed significant inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a key enzyme involved in incretin degradation and established therapeutic target in diabetes, with IC₅₀ values of 52.24 ± 4.03 and 43.17 ± 1.19 µM, respectively. Additionally, phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract using UHPLC-UV-HRMS-MS/MS tentatively identified twenty-nine compounds, including A-F, belonging to various chemical classes such as flavonoids, iridoids, tannins, lignans, organic acids, and other phenolic compounds. This study reports for the first time the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of vaccinoside (E) and 10-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-6α-hydroxydihydromonotropein (F), highlighting the therapeutic potential of V. secundiflorum as a natural source of antidiabetic agents.

次生花莲的地上部分。生活在马达加斯加Tapia森林附近的社区传统上使用这种植物来治疗糖尿病、腹泻和胃痛。我们之前的研究表明，这种植物的甲醇提取物具有抗氧化和降糖活性。为了进一步研究这些初步发现，本研究旨在分离和鉴定这些药理作用的主要生物活性化合物。共分离得到槲皮素(A)、异槲皮素(B)、金丝桃苷(C)、芦丁(D) 4种黄酮类化合物和疫苗苷(E)、10- o -反式-对香豆醇-6α-羟基二氢单肌蛋白(F) 2种环烯醚萜类化合物。通过紫外、质谱和核磁共振等光谱技术对其化学结构进行了表征。黄酮类化合物A-D对DPPH自由基具有显著的抗氧化活性，IC50值分别为34.37±0.79、50.47±0.32、49.48±0.54和56.43±0.52µM。环烯醚萜E和F对二肽基肽酶-4 （DPP-4）具有显著的抑制活性，其IC50值分别为52.24±4.03和43.17±1.19µM。二肽基肽酶-4是参与肠促胰岛素降解的关键酶，也是糖尿病的治疗靶点。此外，利用UHPLC-UV-HRMS-MS/MS对甲醇提取物进行植物化学分析，初步鉴定出29种化合物，包括A-F，属于不同的化学类别，如黄酮类、环烯醚萜类、单宁类、木脂素类、有机酸类和其他酚类化合物。本研究首次报道了疫苗苷(E)和10- o -反式-对-coumaroyl-6α-羟基二氢单肌蛋白(F)的DPP-4抑制活性，突出了二花莲作为抗糖尿病药物的天然来源的治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential of essential oil from Oxalis latifolia leaves against the bacterial skin disease impetigo by in vitro and in silico approaches 通过体外和计算机方法探讨草叶精油对细菌性皮肤疾病脓疱疮的治疗作用

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.02.003

Arumugam Vignesh , Ibraheem Thoufeeq Ahamed , Fahad M. Aldosari , Ghadah Shukri Albakri , Krishna Kumar Yadav

This study investigated the pharmacological potential of the hydrodistilled essential oil (EOs) of Oxalis latifolia Kunth. against the bacterial skin disease impetigo. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed meaningful levels of secondary metabolites, including total phenolics (78.95 ± 4.01 GAE mg/100 mg), flavonoids (43.67 ± 3.01 QE mg/100 mg), and tannins (12.08 ± 2.81 GAE mg/100 mg). Strong antioxidant activity was observed in the DPPH^• assay (78.12 ± 4.34%), ABTS^•+ radical scavenging activity (82.35 ± 7.91 µM TE/g), and FRAP assay (54.42 ± 4.19 mM Fe(II)/mg). The EOs exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects across hypotonic hemolysis (74.25 ± 3.12%), heat-induced hemolysis (63.76 ± 4.08%), egg albumin denaturation (72.31 ± 5.36%), and BSA denaturation assays (79.24 ± 6.14%). The GC–MS analysis identified 31 bioactive compounds, dominated by Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- phosphite (3:1) (23.28% peak area), alongside dioxolane derivatives, isopropyl myristate, and branched alkanes. The antibacterial assays showed strong inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (19.66 ± 0.25 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (19.24 ± 0.50 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (22.44 ± 0.52 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.60 ± 0.35 mm). ADME/T analysis of 31 compounds indicated high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, zero Lipinski violations, noncarcinogenicity, and weak hERG toxicity. Molecular docking revealed high binding affinities of major phytochemicals toward impetigo-associated virulence proteins, with Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) showing the strongest interactions (-8.9 to -10.2 kcal/mol). These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of O. latifolia EOs as a natural anti-impetigo agent.

本研究探讨了草叶水蒸馏精油的药理潜力。对抗细菌性皮肤疾病脓疱疮。定量植物化学分析显示，次生代谢产物包括总酚（78.95±4.01 GAE mg/100 mg）、总黄酮（43.67±3.01 QE mg/100 mg）和单宁（12.08±2.81 GAE mg/100 mg）。DPPH•法（78.12±4.34%）、ABTS•+法（82.35±7.91µM TE/g）、FRAP法（54.42±4.19 mM Fe(II)/mg）具有较强的抗氧化活性。在低渗溶血（74.25±3.12%）、热溶血（63.76±4.08%）、鸡蛋白蛋白变性（72.31±5.36%）和牛血清白蛋白变性（79.24±6.14%）试验中，EOs均表现出较强的抗炎作用。GC-MS分析鉴定出31种生物活性化合物，主要为苯酚、2,4-二（1,1-二甲基乙基）-亚磷酸酯（3:1）（峰面积23.28%）、二恶烷衍生物、肉豆肉酸异丙酯和支链烷烃。对金黄色葡萄球菌（19.66±0.25 mm）、化脓性链球菌（19.24±0.50 mm）、表皮葡萄球菌（22.44±0.52 mm）、铜绿假单胞菌（20.60±0.35 mm）有较强的抑制作用。31种化合物的ADME/T分析显示其胃肠道吸收高，无利平斯基违反，无致癌性，hERG毒性弱。分子对接显示，主要植物化学物质与病原菌相关毒力蛋白具有较高的结合亲和力，其中苯酚2,4-二甲基乙基（1,1-二甲基乙基）-亚磷酸酯（3:1）的相互作用最强（-8.9至-10.2 kcal/mol）。这些发现突出了大叶草作为天然抗脓疱疮剂的治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) as source of anti-skin aging compounds: UPLC-ESI/MS-MS metabolic profiling, In vitro and In-Silico molecular approaches 金梅（Physalis peruviana）作为抗皮肤衰老化合物的来源：UPLC-ESI/MS-MS代谢分析，体外和硅分子方法

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.037

Heba A.S. El-Nashar , Rym Hassani , Entesar.H. EL-Araby , Amel Azazi , Asaad Khalid , Nermeen M. El Bakary , Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei

Physalis peruviana L. (goldenberry) is an edible fruit belonging to Family Solanaceae and characterized by high commercial. This study was implemented to describe the phytochemicals of the methanol extract of P. peruviana peel using High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization coupled with mass fragmentation (HPLC-ESI/MS-MS) technique, coupled with the assessment of in vitro anti-wrinkle activity via enzyme inhibition assays. Further, in silico molecular docking studies of the major identified compounds were conducted to assess their affinity power with the targeted enzymes including elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase inhibition assays. UPLC-ESI/MS-MS-based phytochemical profiling of extract resulted in identification of 19 compounds, predominated by flavonoids (57.8 %), withanolides (31.5 %), and phenolic acids (10.5 %). The skin anti-aging properties of P. peruviana extract were validated by in vitro assays, which additionally displayed a favorable safety profile, prompting further investigations. The mechanistic insights of goldenberry's anti-aging abilities have been demonstrated by an in-depth in-silico modeling study that examined the inhibitory effects of its main constituents against four important anti-aging enzymes, which indicated favorable multiple interacting modes with the target enzyme binding sites .This study provides a scientific rationale for the anti-wrinkle potential of P. peruviana peel extract, supporting its utilization in innovative anti-wrinkle drug designs.

金浆果是茄科的一种可食用水果，具有很高的商业价值。本研究采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-质谱联用技术（HPLC-ESI/MS-MS）对紫杉树果皮甲醇提取物的化学成分进行了表征，并通过酶抑制实验对其体外抗皱活性进行了评价。此外，对鉴定出的主要化合物进行了硅分子对接研究，以评估它们与目标酶的亲和力，包括弹性酶、胶原酶、透明质酸酶和酪氨酸酶抑制试验。基于UPLC-ESI/ ms - ms的植物化学分析鉴定出19种化合物，主要为黄酮类化合物（57.8%）、金缕梅内酯（31.5%）和酚酸（10.5%）。体外实验验证了紫杉树提取物的皮肤抗衰老特性，并显示出良好的安全性，值得进一步研究。一项深入的计算机模拟研究证实了金梅抗衰老能力的机制，该研究检测了其主要成分对四种重要抗衰老酶的抑制作用，表明其与靶酶结合位点有多种相互作用模式。该研究为紫杉树果皮提取物的抗皱潜力提供了科学依据，支持其在创新抗皱药物设计中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Modulation of plant physiological activity for water stress resilience by foliar application of plant bio-regulators in Kinnow mandarin 叶面施用植物生物调节剂对金诺柑植物抗水胁迫生理活性的调节

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.026

Rohit Sharma , Shashi K Sharma , Vishal Singh Rana , Kapil Sharma , Heena Sharma

Water stress is a growing concern for citrus growers, especially in rainfed orchards where limited moisture can severely impact plant health, fruit development, and overall yield. Kinnow mandarin, like many citrus varieties, is particularly sensitive during key stages such as fruit set, cell division, and maturation. The present study evaluated the efficacy of plant bioregulators (PBRs), particularly Homo-brassinolide (HBR) and Methyl Jasmonates (MeJ), in enhancing plant tolerance to water deficit conditions through stage-specific applications. Among the different treatments tested, the combination of HBR at 1.0 µM applied during fruit set, fruit cell division, and maturation (PBR₂CS₇) showed the most promising results. This treatment significantly improved the plant's physiological responses including higher relative water content, increased proline levels, enhanced peroxidase activity, and a better carbohydrate-to-nitrogen ratio in leaves. It also led to improved leaf micronutrient levels, better yield efficiency, and enhanced fruit quality traits such as higher sugar content, better TSS/acid ratio, and more vitamin C. While all bioregulators contributed positively, HBR applied at the right time and dose consistently outperformed others. To better understand these relationships, we also used Chord diagram and principal component analysis (PCA), which revealed strong linkages among physiological traits, fruit quality, and yield. These insights suggest that the strategic use of PBRs can be a practical solution to improve the yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin under water-limited conditions.

水分胁迫是柑橘种植者日益关注的问题，特别是在雨养果园，有限的水分会严重影响植物健康、果实发育和整体产量。金诺柑橘和许多柑橘品种一样，在结实、细胞分裂和成熟等关键阶段特别敏感。本研究评估了植物生物调节剂（PBRs），特别是同源油菜素内酯（HBR）和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJ），通过特定阶段的施用提高植物对水分亏缺条件的耐受性的功效。在不同的处理中，在坐果、果实细胞分裂和成熟过程中施用1.0µM浓度的HBR （PBR2CS7）效果最好。该处理显著改善了植株的生理反应，包括更高的相对含水量、更高的脯氨酸水平、增强的过氧化物酶活性和更好的叶片碳水化合物/氮比。此外，HBR还能提高叶片微量元素水平，提高产量效率，提高果实品质性状，如糖含量、TSS/酸比和维生素c含量。虽然所有生物调节剂都有积极作用，但在适当的时间和剂量施用HBR的效果始终优于其他生物调节剂。为了更好地理解这些关系，我们还使用和弦图和主成分分析（PCA），揭示了生理性状、果实品质和产量之间的密切联系。这些见解表明，战略性地利用pbr可以在缺水条件下提高金诺鳜鱼的产量和质量。

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引用次数: 0

The Rise of Stoebe vulgaris (formally treated as Seriphium plumosum) in South Africa: A Critical Review of Nearly a Century of Research 南非的俗石病的兴起（正式的说法是羽状梭菌）：对近一个世纪研究的批判性回顾

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.013

Arnim Marquart, Tshepiso Mangani, Leslie R Brown

Stoebe vulgaris is a dominant woody shrub in South African grasslands and savannas, widely recognized for its aggressive encroachment into degraded rangelands. Despite its ecological and economic significance, research on this species has historically been fragmented across fields such as taxonomy, ecology, control strategies, phytochemistry, and remote sensing. This systematic review synthesizes nearly a century of scientific literature (n = 106) to critically evaluate the scope, trends, and gaps in S. vulgaris research. Ecological studies reveal S. vulgaris preference for disturbed, nutrient-poor soils, and fire-prone systems, yet regional variation in environmental response remains poorly understood. While numerous control strategies have been tested, few link treatment outcomes to plant traits, site conditions, or long-term vegetation recovery. Emerging research on phytochemistry and remote sensing offers promising tools for management but are limited in scope and geographic coverage. Additionally, the species’ taxonomic history has been complex. Recent genomic analyses identified S. vulgaris as part of the Seriphium plumosum complex and proposed dividing the broad concept into seven ecologically distinct species. While this clarification narrows the ecological and geographical characteristics of the problem species major challenges remain for ecological modeling, remote detection, and management approaches. Crucially, broader ecosystem-level impacts such as effects on biodiversity, soil, water dynamics, and herbivore movement remain understudied. We identify key research gaps and call for an integrated, ecologically grounded, and spatially comprehensive research framework to improve monitoring and control of S. vulgaris and to ensure the sustainability of South Africa’s rangelands.

Stoebe vulgaris是南非草原和稀树草原上的主要木本灌木，因其对退化牧场的侵略性侵占而被广泛认可。尽管具有重要的生态和经济意义，但对该物种的研究在历史上一直分散在分类学、生态学、控制策略、植物化学和遥感等领域。本系统综述综合了近一个世纪的科学文献（n = 106），以批判性地评估寻常草研究的范围、趋势和差距。生态学研究表明，寻常草偏爱受干扰的、营养贫乏的土壤和易发生火灾的系统，但对环境响应的区域差异仍知之甚少。虽然已经测试了许多控制策略，但很少将处理结果与植物性状、场地条件或长期植被恢复联系起来。关于植物化学和遥感的新兴研究为管理提供了有希望的工具，但范围和地理覆盖范围有限。此外，该物种的分类历史一直很复杂。最近的基因组分析确定了寻常金雀花是羽毛Seriphium plumosum复合体的一部分，并建议将这个宽泛的概念划分为7个生态上不同的物种。虽然这种澄清缩小了问题物种的生态和地理特征，但生态建模，远程检测和管理方法仍然面临主要挑战。至关重要的是，更广泛的生态系统层面的影响，如对生物多样性、土壤、水动力学和食草动物运动的影响，仍未得到充分研究。我们确定了关键的研究差距，并呼吁建立一个综合的、生态基础的和空间综合的研究框架，以改善对寻常草的监测和控制，并确保南非牧场的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Phytoconstituents and antihypertensive activity of Indonesian avocado (Persea americana Mill) leaves extracts 印尼鳄梨（Persea americana Mill）叶提取物的植物成分及降压活性

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.031

Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari , Anjar Windarsih , Khoirun Nisa , Eka Noviana , Martha Purnami Wulanjati , Cici Darsih , Sri Handayani , Vita Taufika Rosyida , Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah , Sugeng Hariyadi

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) has been reported for its various biological activities, including its potential as an antihypertensive medication. There is limited research comparing the bioactivity and phytochemical content of avocado leaves from different Indonesian regions, particularly regarding their antihypertensive potential. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activity of avocado leaves extracts collected from three different regions in Indonesia, along with metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LCHRMS). The highest phenolic content was found in leaves obtained in Gunungkidul, extracted using 96% ethanol (G96: 108.43 ± 0.77 mg GAE/g) and 70% ethanol (G70: 101.86 ± 1.25 mg GAE/g). The mean value of total flavonoid content varied from 1.23–13.1 mg QE/g, in which the ethanol extracts had a higher flavonoid content than the water extract. A good antioxidant activity, shown by low IC₅₀ values, was exhibited by 70% ethanol extracts from leaves obtained in Klaten (K70: 25.1 ± 2.36 mg/L) and Gunungkidul (G70: 13.35 ± 0.31 mg/L), measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant assays, respectively. Moreover, 70% ethanol extracts from all regions showed higher antihypertensive activity, and G70 demonstrated the highest angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (86.20%) measured at the concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could discriminate extracts according to their extraction solvents. 23 metabolites that are strongly correlated to the antihypertensive activity were found, including flavonoids such as rutin, quercetin-3β-d-glucoside, astragalin, juglalin, coumarin, and luteolin-7-sulfate. Molecular docking analysis of selected flavonoids supported the antihypertensive activity through the ACE inhibitory mechanism. These results suggested the potential use of avocado leaves extract as a natural antioxidant and antihypertensive agent for pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

牛油果（Persea americana Mill）因其多种生物活性而被报道，包括其作为抗高血压药物的潜力。比较印度尼西亚不同地区鳄梨叶的生物活性和植物化学成分的研究有限，特别是关于它们的降压潜力。因此，本研究旨在研究从印度尼西亚三个不同地区采集的鳄梨叶提取物的总酚和类黄酮含量、抗氧化和降压活性，并利用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（LCHRMS）进行代谢组学分析。用96%乙醇（G96: 108.43±0.77 mg GAE/g）和70%乙醇（G70: 101.86±1.25 mg GAE/g）提取的Gunungkidul叶中酚类物质含量最高。总黄酮含量平均值为1.23 ~ 13.1 mg QE/g，其中乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量高于水提取物。Klaten （K70: 25.1±2.36 mg/L）和Gunungkidul （G70: 13.35±0.31 mg/L）叶片的70%乙醇提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性，IC50值较低，分别采用2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）和2,2 ' - azno -bis(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）抗氧化法测定。70%乙醇提取物均表现出较高的抗高血压活性，其中G70浓度为0.1 mg/L时血管紧张转换酶（ACE）抑制活性最高，达到86.20%。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）可以根据提取溶剂对提取物进行判别。发现23种与降压活性密切相关的代谢物，包括芦丁、槲皮素-3β-d-葡萄糖苷、黄芪苷、金盏花苷、香豆素和木犀草素-7-硫酸盐等黄酮类化合物。所选黄酮类化合物的分子对接分析通过ACE抑制机制支持抗高血压活性。这些结果提示鳄梨叶提取物作为天然抗氧化剂和抗高血压剂在制药和功能食品工业中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Bioactive potential and topical formulation of black rice (Oryza sativa) extract compared with ferulic acid and arbutin 黑米（Oryza sativa）提取物与阿魏酸和熊果苷的生物活性潜力和局部配方比较

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.035

Sibel Dikmen Kucuk , Paul Jabet , Anthony Groso , Guillaume Collet , Richard Daniellou , Emine Kurtay

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids, making it a candidate ingredient for dermocosmetic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive potential of an ethanolic black rice extract as a supportive ingredient by comparing its antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and cytocompatibility with two established references, ferulic acid and arbutin, and by developing a stable topical formulation. The extract, containing 141.23 ± 7.06 mg GAE/g phenolics and 96.75 ± 4.84 mg QE/g flavonoids, exhibited a moderate total antioxidant capacity (46 µmol TE mL⁻¹). At a non‑cytotoxic concentration (≤0.1 % v/v) that maintained over 90 % viability in HaCaT keratinocytes, its tyrosinase inhibition was limited compared to the reference compounds. A topical gel formulated with the extract exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties and remained stable in accelerated stability tests simulating a 2-year shelf life, showing no significant change in appearance, pH, viscosity, or microbiological quality. While the direct depigmenting effect was limited, black rice extract displays a positive biocompatibility and stability profile, supporting its potential role as a multifunctional, natural supporting ingredient in cosmetic formulations for oxidative balance and skincare. This provides a scientific basis for the future development of safe, naturally sourced skincare products containing black rice extract.

黑米（Oryza sativa L.）是酚类物质和类黄酮的丰富来源，使其成为皮肤化妆品应用的候选成分。本研究旨在通过与阿魏酸和熊果苷这两个已建立的对照物比较乙醇黑米提取物的抗氧化能力、酪氨酸酶抑制活性和细胞相容性，并通过开发稳定的外用配方来评估其作为辅助成分的生物活性潜力。该提取物含有141.23±7.06 mg GAE/g酚类物质和96.75±4.84 mg QE/g黄酮类物质，具有中等的总抗氧化能力（46µmol TE mL⁻¹）。在非细胞毒性浓度（≤0.1% v/v）下，维持HaCaT角化细胞90%以上的活力，与参比化合物相比，其酪氨酸酶抑制作用有限。用提取物配制的局部凝胶显示出可接受的物理化学性质，并在模拟2年保质期的加速稳定性测试中保持稳定，在外观、pH值、粘度或微生物质量方面没有显着变化。虽然直接脱色效果有限，但黑米提取物显示出积极的生物相容性和稳定性，支持其作为化妆品配方中氧化平衡和护肤的多功能天然辅助成分的潜在作用。这为今后开发安全、天然的含有黑米提取物的护肤品提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Species composition shifts across quartz island boundaries in the summer rainfall Nama-Karoo 在Nama-Karoo夏季降雨中，物种组成跨越石英岛边界

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.043

Katharina Meyer , Alexander M. Bürger , Pia M. Eibes , Jens Oldeland , Severin D.H. Irl , Ute Schmiedel

Quartz islands of southern Africa represent an ecologically unique habitat. In the winter-rainfall Succulent Karoo biome, quartz islands exhibit sharp boundaries with the surrounding zonal habitats, which contribute to an abrupt species turnover. However, whether quartz islands in the summer-rainfall Nama-Karoo biome show different patterns has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we ask how species composition and environmental gradients change across the boundary from the surrounding habitat to the quartz islands of the Nama-Karoo.

We sampled 10 transects placed perpendicularly across the habitat boundaries between quartz islands and zonal habitats. The transects were subdivided into 15 plots of 5 m x 1 m in size. We analysed species richness and community weighted means of plant traits by using generalized additive modelling and beta diversity by using beta regression. Environmental drivers were identified using generalized additive modelling and canonical correspondence analysis.

Species richness slightly increased over the boundary between the two habitats. Vegetation cover decreased, but cover of succulents, quartz specialists, and nano-chamaephytes increased constantly from zonal habitats to quartz islands, revealing a gradual transition and no abrupt change across the boundary. Species turnover increased with increasing plot distance along the transect. Species change over the transect was mainly driven by gradients in soil texture, quartz cover and soil organic carbon.

Our study showed for the first time that in the Nama-Karoo the habitat boundaries around quartz islands are not as abrupt as in the Succulent Karoo. However, we were able to observe significant changes in environmental gradients and plant traits within 15 m transects, reflecting the ecological distinctiveness of the quartz islands. The potential role of rainfall seasonality on soil patterns are discussed.

非洲南部的石英岛是一个生态独特的栖息地。在冬季降雨多肉的卡鲁生物群系中，石英岛与周围的地带性栖息地表现出明显的边界，这有助于物种的突然更替。然而，在夏季降雨的Nama-Karoo生物群系中，石英岛是否表现出不同的模式尚未被调查。因此，我们想知道物种组成和环境梯度是如何从周围栖息地到纳玛-卡鲁石英岛的边界变化的。我们在石英岛和地带性栖息地之间垂直放置了10个样带。样带被细分为15个地块，面积为5 m x 1 m。利用广义加性模型分析了物种丰富度和群落加权平均值，利用beta回归分析了物种多样性。使用广义加性建模和规范对应分析确定了环境驱动因素。物种丰富度在两种生境的边界上略有增加。从地带性生境到石英岛，多肉植物、石英专家和纳米变色体的覆盖面积不断增加，呈现渐变的过渡，跨界无突变。物种周转随样带样地距离的增加而增加。样带物种变化主要受土壤质地、石英覆盖和土壤有机碳的梯度驱动。我们的研究首次表明，在纳玛-卡鲁，石英岛周围的栖息地边界不像在多肉卡鲁那样突然。然而，我们能够观察到15 m样带内环境梯度和植物性状的显著变化，反映了石英岛的生态独特性。讨论了降雨季节性对土壤格局的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the bioactive phytoconstituents of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob.: UHPLC-PDA-based quantification, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based qualitative analysis and network pharmacology-based target prediction 毛毛球（Cocculus hirsutus， L.）植物活性成分的研究基于uhplc - pda的定量分析、基于UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/ ms的定性分析和基于网络药理学的靶点预测

IF 2.7 3区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

South African Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2026.01.001

Shivani , Anmol , Shiv Kumar , Prateek Singh Bora , Upendra Sharma

Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. is a perennial shrub used as ethnomedicine for treating fever, constipation, gonorrhea, snakebite, joint pain, and skin diseases. Despite its ethnomedicinal importance, qualitative and quantitative studies of its phytoconstituents, particularly erythrina, protoberberine, and oxyprotoberberine-type alkaloids, remain limited. Therefore, a new Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photo-Diode Array detector (UHPLC-PDA) based method was developed to quantify eight specialized metabolites. The developed UHPLC-PDA method demonstrated excellent linearity (r² ≥0.990), precision (intra-day RSDs ≤ 2.95 and inter-day RSDs ≤ 3.58), accuracy (83.41–116.33 %), and sensitivity (limits of detection (LOD) 0.97–1.95 μg/mL; and limits of quantification (LOQ) 3.20–6.43 μg/mL). The developed method was applied for the quantitative analysis of extracts/fractions of root, stem, and leaves, revealing higher chemical diversity in roots, showing the presence of five alkaloids [15-carboxydihydroerysotrine, magnoflorine, tetrahydropalmatine, 8-oxytetrahydropalmatine, and (14R)-4‑methoxy-13,14-dihydrooxypalmatine] along with two ecdysteroids [turkesterone and 20-hydroxyecdysone]. In contrast, leaves and stems were enriched with magnoflorine and 20-hydroxyecdysone, respectively. Moreover, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) based chemical profiling of roots revealed the presence of twenty-five compounds based on their MS spectra and MS/MS fragmentation. Additionally, the eco-friendliness of the developed method was determined using Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) and complementary green analytical procedure index (Complex GAPI) software. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis revealed the potential pharmacodynamic effect of C. hirsutus phytoconstituents. Overall, this study analyzes the phytoconstituents of C. hirsutus qualitatively and quantitatively, revealing diverse metabolite compositions and identifying potential pharmacological targets, supporting its medicinal potential.

毛毛球（L.）W.Theob。是一种多年生灌木，用于治疗发烧、便秘、淋病、蛇咬伤、关节痛和皮肤病。尽管其具有重要的民族医学意义，但对其植物成分，特别是赤藓属、原小檗碱和氧原小檗碱类生物碱的定性和定量研究仍然有限。因此，建立了一种基于光电二极管阵列检测器（UHPLC-PDA）的超高效液相色谱（UHPLC-PDA）方法来定量8种特殊代谢物。该方法线性度（r2≥0.990）、精密度（日内rsd≤2.95、日内rsd≤3.58）、准确度（83.41 ~ 116.33%）、灵敏度(检出限（LOD） 0.97 ~ 1.95 μg/mL；定量限（LOQ） 3.20 ~ 6.43 μg/mL。将该方法应用于根、茎和叶的提取物/组分的定量分析，揭示了根中较高的化学多样性，显示出五种生物碱[15-羧基二氢丹参碱、木犀草碱、四氢棕榈碱、8-氧四氢棕榈碱和(14R)-4 -甲氧基-13,14-二氢棕榈碱]以及两种外皮甾体[turkesterone和20-hydroxyecdysone]的存在。叶片和茎分别富含木兰花碱和20-羟基蜕皮素。此外，基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）的根化学谱分析显示，根据其MS谱和MS/MS碎片，存在25种化合物。此外，采用分析绿色度（Analytical GREEnness， AGREE）和互补绿色分析程序指数（complementary green Analytical procedure index, Complex GAPI）软件对所开发方法的生态友好性进行了测定。此外，网络药理学分析揭示了毛毛草植物成分潜在的药效学作用。总的来说，本研究定性和定量地分析了毛毛草的植物成分，揭示了其多种代谢产物的组成，并确定了潜在的药理靶点，支持了其药用潜力。

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引用次数: 0