steel research international最新文献

Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES), a cornerstone of modern energy infrastructure, owes its superior performance to the well-engineered forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄) film formed during high-temperature annealing. This interfacial layer is critical for GOES magnetic properties, insulation, and corrosion resistance. This review focuses on describing research into the influencing factors of forsterite film formation, including but not limited to key determinants such as surface oxide layer, magnesia (MgO) characteristics, additives, annealing process parameters, and coating methods. The article also summarizes current research challenges in the field, such as: precise regulation of oxide layer composition and structure; optimization bottlenecks in high- temperature annealing parameters; stability control of MgO performance; uniformity and defect suppression in coating processes; additive balance issues; and challenges in industrial-scale production. Concurrently, this article presents future prospects for current research directions, proposing: deep integration of multiscale modeling and dynamic simulation; innovation in low-temperature processes and inhibitor functional design; functional design and green synthesis technologies for MgO; intelligent process control and big data-driven optimization; revealing interfacial dynamic mechanisms through advanced characterization techniques; and synergistic enhancement of environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. This vision is expected to fully unleash the potential of GOES, enabling a more energy-efficient and sustainable energy future.

The elevated temperature tensile deformation of ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) is investigated using the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator across a range of deformation temperatures (1173 ≈ 1413 K) and strain rates (0.001 ≈ 10 s⁻¹). The flow stress–strain curves exhibit significant dependencies on the deformation parameters. To accurately characterize the flow behavior of UHSS during hot tensile deformation, a modified phenomenological model is developed based on the Cingara–Queen model and Sellars–Tegart hyperbolic sine relation. The established constitutive model demonstrates high predictive accuracy, evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.98891 and an average absolute relative error (AARE) of 9.75%. Furthermore, a sparrow search algorithm-optimized back propagation artificial neural network (SSA-BP-ANN) model is created, which displays superior predictive accuracy compared to the modified phenomenological model, achieving a PCC of 0.99985 and an AARE of 2.5%. Additionally, microstructural analysis reveals that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and ductile fracture mechanisms are significantly influenced by both deformation temperature and strain rate. Specifically, higher deformation temperatures combined with lower strain rates facilitate DRX development and enhance material plasticity. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing thermomechanical processing parameters in industrial applications.

To investigate the mechanism of recrystallization texture formation during final annealing, this study uses 3.24% Si industrial normalized sheets as raw materials and employs a two-step cold rolling process with one cold rolling (R1) followed by different intermediate annealing temperatures (850 °C, R2; 950 °C, R3) to produce 0.2 mm thin nonoriented electrical steel. The evolution of recrystallization texture and its impact on magnetic properties are systematically analyzed. The study finds that in the first cold rolling process, γ texture ({111}//ND) nucleates within the deformed γ grains. In the second cold rolling process, the intermediate annealing at 950 °C significantly coarsens the grains (average size 84.3 μm), reduces the grain boundary density, and suppresses γ texture nucleation, while promoting the development of λ ({001}//ND) and η ({001}//rolling direction) textures through shear bands and deformed bands. As a result, the proportion of γ texture in the finished sheet decreases by 33.4%, while the proportions of λ and η textures increase by 5.4% and 8.7%, respectively. The magnetic induction strength improves to 1.65 T (B₅₀), with iron loss (P_1.0/400 = 20.8 W kg⁻¹). The research indicates that optimizing intermediate annealing temperature can effectively regulate the texture and provide a theoretical basis for performance optimization of nonoriented electrical steel.

The decarburization behavior of medium-manganese steel using solid-state decarburization technology under H₂O-H₂ atmosphere is investigated, and solid-state decarburization tests on thin plates of 1 mm thickness and Fe-2.7 wt%C-12 wt%Mn alloy under H₂O-H₂ atmosphere are carried out. Combined with the thermodynamic analysis, the decarburization temperature is set at 1223-1363 K, and the P_H2O/P_H2 is set at 0.6 or less to avoid Fe oxidation. The results show that the average carbon content of the sheet is decarbonized to 0.273 wt% at P_H2O/P_H2=0.47, 1363 K, and 60 min, and no FeO phase appears in the composition of the decarbonized sheet. During the decarburization process the sheet shows a transition from carburite and austenite to ferrite and austenite. The limiting link of the decarburization process at 1223 K is the surface decarburization reaction, whereas the limiting link changes from internal diffusion of carbon to surface decarburization reaction after 40 min of decarburization at 1323 K and 1363 K conditions. The surface decarburization reaction occurs to provide vacancies for excess oxygen atoms, resulting in the formation of an oxide layer; in the later stages of decarburization, the oxide layer hinders carbon diffusion, causing the surface decarburization reaction to slow down.

Herein, three-phase numerical and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effect of various ladle shroud designs on the hydrodynamic performance of steelmaking tundish and size of the tundish open eye (TOE) formed. It is known that gas shrouding is necessary to prevent air ingression; however, it leads to the formation of TOE, which seriously impairs the steel cleanliness. This article considers a 0.35 reduced scale model of single-strand slab casting tundish fabricated using PERSPEX sheets, fitted with four different shrouds, namely, conventional ladle shroud (CLS), bell-shaped ladle shroud (BLS), reverse-tapered ladle shroud (RTLS), and direct-tapered ladle shroud. The experimental and numerical investigations have been performed for gas-to-liquid loading ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The numerical modeling has been done using volume of fluid method in ANSYS Fluent 2021R1 and is validated against the experimental results. With the use of BLS and RTLS, significant improvement in tundish hydrodynamics can be observed when compared to CLS, as increase in plug flow varies from 10% to 25%, and decrease in dead region ranges from 15% to 35% at various gas-to-liquid loading ratios. Further, size of TOE decreases by ≈25% with the implementation of BLS and RTLS at higher gas-to-liquid loading ratio.

This study systematically elucidates the microstructural evolution laws of AerMet100 steel under different thermal deformation conditions, employing multiscale characterization techniques, including optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to analyze microstructural features. Quantitative analysis focuses on lath martensite width, geometrically necessary dislocation density, kernel average misorientation, and grain orientation spread, revealing the correlations between these parameters and parent phase austenite, thereby providing new insights into the genetic mechanism of microstructure during deformation. Through orientation analysis of deformed microstructures, the nucleation mechanism of recrystallization is investigated; fine microstructural correlations between lath martensite and high-temperature austenite are established using TEM. A physically based cellular automaton model is developed, which couples dislocation density evolution to simulate recrystallization behavior under multiple thermomechanical processing paths. Its predictive capability is validated by EBSD measurement data of the original austenite. By tracking the evolution of dislocation configurations within cells during discontinuous thermomechanical processes, this study achieves cross-scale linkage of microstructural evolution across different thermomechanical stages, providing a theoretical framework and simulation tool for microstructural control of ultrahigh-strength steels under local heating and complex deformation conditions.

This study utilized high-precision molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the impact of magnetic fields (MFs) on CaOSiO₂CaF₂ melts, revealing that SiO bonds exhibit the highest stability, followed by CaF and CaO bonds, while SiF bonds fail to form stable coordination structures. Although MFs minimally affect SiO bond lengths, they significantly weaken CaF and CaO bond energies, inducing notable structural modifications. With increasing MF intensity, SiOSi bond angles contract, Si⁴⁺ distances decrease, and the network structure becomes more compact due to enhanced Lorentz forces that restrict ion mobility and drive structural reorganization from Q₀/Q₁ to Q₃/Q₄ units (where Q₀–Q₄ represent silicate units with 0–4 bridging oxygens). These structural changes correlate well with experimental viscosity trends under MFs, and the close agreement between simulated viscosity predictions and experimental data validates the accuracy of the MD simulation approach, providing crucial atomic-scale insights into MF-induced structural evolution in molten systems for industrial applications.

9Ni steel/S30408 clad plates with excellent properties are prepared using second-pass rolling composite process. The effects of first-pass and second-pass rolling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the matrix are explored, and the optimum rolling temperature is determined. It is found that interfacial bond strength of the 9Ni steel/S30408-clad plate increases from 446.29 to 501.62 MPa as the first-pass rolling temperature increases from 1050 to 1150 °C. However, the interfacial bond strength at second-pass rolling temperature 800 °C is higher than that at 850 °C. When the temperatures of the first-pass and the second-pass rolling are 1150 and 800 °C, respectively, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the 9Ni steel/S30408 clad plate reache their optimum levels. The interfacial bond strength, tensile strength,and fracture elongation are 499.69, 795.33 MPa, and 25.79%, respectively. Additionally, the main deformation mechanisms of the two-pass rolling bonding process are analyzed. For the 9Ni steel side, dynamic recrystallization occurs in the austenite fully recrystallized zone during first-pass rolling to refine the grains, while second-pass rolling in the austenite incomplete recrystallization zone produces defect-rich deformation of austenite, preparing the microstructure for subsequent heat treatment. In contrast, the primary deformation mechanism for S30408 stainless steel is twinning.

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) find wide usage in automotive applications due to their ability to enhance passenger safety with improved fuel efficiency. Several non-conventional forming techniques have been proposed in the past to overcome formability challenges of AHSS. This study explores the mechanical response of DP600 steel, focusing on the influence of stress relaxation (SR), electrically assisted deformation (EAD), and their combined effects in enhancing ductility. It is shown that the combined process of applying both SR and EAD has the potential to achieve higher ductility than the individual effect. Under given conditions, it is shown that, stress relaxation contributes to 10.02% improvement and electroplasticity enhances the ductility by to 12.69%. Hybridization of SR and EAD serially maximized the improvement by 18%. The findings of the present study provide fundamental insights for synergistically combining SR and EAD for developing hybrid forming processes for dual-phase steels with improved formability.