Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000583
Xi jun Wang
Metabolomics can illustrate microscopic changes in the metabolic mechanisms of toxicity caused by frequent exposure to drugs, herbs, and environmental pollutants, and recent reports have supported the great potential and value of metabolomics in reducing the occurrence of injury reactions.
{"title":"Application of Metabolomics to Reveal the Biological Mechanism of Toxicological Research","authors":"Xi jun Wang","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000583","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics can illustrate microscopic changes in the metabolic mechanisms of toxicity caused by frequent exposure to drugs, herbs, and environmental pollutants, and recent reports have supported the great potential and value of metabolomics in reducing the occurrence of injury reactions.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76000879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000581
Orange Didier
In a world in constant and rapid changes, it becomes urgent that research activities adopt new methodologies to develop technological innovations allowing rapid adaptations by the policy-makers and the smallholders in respect to the environment. Nature-based solutions (NBS) and problem-solving learning (PSL) ensure active participation from the actors. By this way ecohydrology within bioengineering, bioinspiration, ecological engineering offers new opportunities for scientific activities on organic matter (OM) management to pass achievements to policy makers and the public through more active developments in social media. Then better competencies on OM management will create opportunities for technological innovations and paradigm shifts to make possible and efficient an economic and ecological asset for green production, promoting food and health security for the populations and for a sustainable environment. As more and more well known, the stationarity is dead. The Earth is a non-linear complex system. Recent discoveries on the importance of living things and their environmental feedbacks, on the role of homeostatic processes and breakpoints confirm that global warming is only part of the current ecological crisis which is also manifested by the loss of biodiversity, the loss of soil fertility, the water pollution but also the drastic increase in diseases that affect the entire living world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is just one more dramatic example. In 2020, the management of domestic wastewater remains a major global challenge, as well as feeding the poorest populations, stopping the soil losses through the galloping urbanization and mitigating the environmental quality of our cities. 2/3 of the world’s population still does not have access to sanitation, creating recurrent health and environmental disasters. The majority of them are in tropical regions, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, in countries whose economy does not allow the rapid development of wastewater treatment plants. It is therefore necessary to innovate and change the wastewater management model. Like international institutions (UNESCO, USAID, AFD, FFEM, etc.) and the pursuit of the SDGs for the Horizon 2030, the Research arena is highly challenged to develop technological innovations allowing changes in concepts regarding the perception of the usefulness of wastewater for green production. Domestic wastewater represents a volume of water loaded with organic matter useful for plant production (natural and agricultural), for the rational and amplified use of water and soil (maintenance of fertility, carbon storage) and for improvement of the living conditions of the populations while fully respecting their health, their environment, the soils, the waters and the biodiversity. The innovation opportunities are numerous, from process engineering to ecological engineering and bioengineering, from biogeochemist and microbiologist to creator of IoT and AI algorithm, from architect
{"title":"Towards a Sustainable Green World? A Better use of OM","authors":"Orange Didier","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000581","url":null,"abstract":"In a world in constant and rapid changes, it becomes urgent that research activities adopt new methodologies to develop technological innovations allowing rapid adaptations by the policy-makers and the smallholders in respect to the environment. Nature-based solutions (NBS) and problem-solving learning (PSL) ensure active participation from the actors. By this way ecohydrology within bioengineering, bioinspiration, ecological engineering offers new opportunities for scientific activities on organic matter (OM) management to pass achievements to policy makers and the public through more active developments in social media. Then better competencies on OM management will create opportunities for technological innovations and paradigm shifts to make possible and efficient an economic and ecological asset for green production, promoting food and health security for the populations and for a sustainable environment. As more and more well known, the stationarity is dead. The Earth is a non-linear complex system. Recent discoveries on the importance of living things and their environmental feedbacks, on the role of homeostatic processes and breakpoints confirm that global warming is only part of the current ecological crisis which is also manifested by the loss of biodiversity, the loss of soil fertility, the water pollution but also the drastic increase in diseases that affect the entire living world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is just one more dramatic example. In 2020, the management of domestic wastewater remains a major global challenge, as well as feeding the poorest populations, stopping the soil losses through the galloping urbanization and mitigating the environmental quality of our cities. 2/3 of the world’s population still does not have access to sanitation, creating recurrent health and environmental disasters. The majority of them are in tropical regions, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, in countries whose economy does not allow the rapid development of wastewater treatment plants. It is therefore necessary to innovate and change the wastewater management model. Like international institutions (UNESCO, USAID, AFD, FFEM, etc.) and the pursuit of the SDGs for the Horizon 2030, the Research arena is highly challenged to develop technological innovations allowing changes in concepts regarding the perception of the usefulness of wastewater for green production. Domestic wastewater represents a volume of water loaded with organic matter useful for plant production (natural and agricultural), for the rational and amplified use of water and soil (maintenance of fertility, carbon storage) and for improvement of the living conditions of the populations while fully respecting their health, their environment, the soils, the waters and the biodiversity. The innovation opportunities are numerous, from process engineering to ecological engineering and bioengineering, from biogeochemist and microbiologist to creator of IoT and AI algorithm, from architect ","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"23 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80945479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000580
Tenchurina Ea
Selection of donor heart-an important step, which affects the success of heart transplantation. Purpose- creating a model for evaluation of a donor’s heart, based on donor characteristics. Materials and Methods Data consists of 650 brain dead donors (BDD) in a period from 1st of January 2012 till 31st of December 2017. In model creation, binomial logistic regression used. The dependent variable is a rejection of donor heart and donor characteristics attributed to independent factors. The odds ratios (OR) value determined for each factor, then transformed into points, and the sum of the points is a score of the donor’s heart. The given model is validated by choosing 218 donors for the period from 1st of January 2019 till 31st of December 2019. Donors characteristics included in the model are age, cause of death (Traumatic brain injury/Stroke), history of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, out (-in) hospital cardiac arrest, cardiac trauma, and HR, MAP, arterial lactate, requirements of norepinephrine before procurement of organs. Based on the average value of the sum of points, 2 groups were identified: donors of low risk (≤17 points) and donors of high risk (≥18 points). Analysis of the ROC curve showed the properties of the predictive model, AUC-0.904, sensitivity-90.2 %, specificity-90.4 %. This given model assessing donor hearts accurately reflects the probability of using the heart of the donor for transplantation and forms features for optimal distribution of cardiac transplants, especially from donors of high risk.
{"title":"Donor Heart Assessment Model","authors":"Tenchurina Ea","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000580","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of donor heart-an important step, which affects the success of heart transplantation. Purpose- creating a model for evaluation of a donor’s heart, based on donor characteristics. Materials and Methods Data consists of 650 brain dead donors (BDD) in a period from 1st of January 2012 till 31st of December 2017. In model creation, binomial logistic regression used. The dependent variable is a rejection of donor heart and donor characteristics attributed to independent factors. The odds ratios (OR) value determined for each factor, then transformed into points, and the sum of the points is a score of the donor’s heart. The given model is validated by choosing 218 donors for the period from 1st of January 2019 till 31st of December 2019. Donors characteristics included in the model are age, cause of death (Traumatic brain injury/Stroke), history of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, out (-in) hospital cardiac arrest, cardiac trauma, and HR, MAP, arterial lactate, requirements of norepinephrine before procurement of organs. Based on the average value of the sum of points, 2 groups were identified: donors of low risk (≤17 points) and donors of high risk (≥18 points). Analysis of the ROC curve showed the properties of the predictive model, AUC-0.904, sensitivity-90.2 %, specificity-90.4 %. This given model assessing donor hearts accurately reflects the probability of using the heart of the donor for transplantation and forms features for optimal distribution of cardiac transplants, especially from donors of high risk.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89272939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000578
M. Oni
Over the past two centuries, thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat. It is evaluated primarily in terms of Fourier’s law for heat conduction. Materials of high thermal conductivity transfer heat faster than materials with lower thermal conductivity. Correspondingly, materials of high thermal conductivity are widely used in heat sink applications and materials of low thermal conductivity are used as thermal insulation. The thermal conductivity of a material may depend on temperature. Thermal conductivity is important in material science research, electronics, building insulation and related fields, especially where high operating temperatures are achieved. The impact of temperature dependent thermal conductivity has been studied over decades and interesting results have been obtained. Prasad et al. [1] studied the effects of variable fluid properties on the hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer over a non-linearly stretching sheet. Later, Animasaun [2] investigated the effect of thermophoresis, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on free convective heat and mass transfer of non-darcian MHD dissipative casson fluid flow with suction and order of chemical reaction. He concluded that viscosity parameter as well as thermal conductivity parameter decreases fluid temperature. Other works on temperature dependent thermal conductivity can be found in [3-6].
{"title":"Impact of Space-Dependent Thermal Conductivity on Heat Transfer in a Vertical Annulus with Asymmetric Surface Heating","authors":"M. Oni","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000578","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two centuries, thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat. It is evaluated primarily in terms of Fourier’s law for heat conduction. Materials of high thermal conductivity transfer heat faster than materials with lower thermal conductivity. Correspondingly, materials of high thermal conductivity are widely used in heat sink applications and materials of low thermal conductivity are used as thermal insulation. The thermal conductivity of a material may depend on temperature. Thermal conductivity is important in material science research, electronics, building insulation and related fields, especially where high operating temperatures are achieved. The impact of temperature dependent thermal conductivity has been studied over decades and interesting results have been obtained. Prasad et al. [1] studied the effects of variable fluid properties on the hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer over a non-linearly stretching sheet. Later, Animasaun [2] investigated the effect of thermophoresis, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on free convective heat and mass transfer of non-darcian MHD dissipative casson fluid flow with suction and order of chemical reaction. He concluded that viscosity parameter as well as thermal conductivity parameter decreases fluid temperature. Other works on temperature dependent thermal conductivity can be found in [3-6].","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78605572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000577
James F. Welles
The relationship of America to its natural environment is parasitic if not suicidal. However, we have surprisingly few illusions about ourselves being anything but exploiters, as we simultaneously rape, strangle and poison our life support system. Eventually, such behavior will limit our development, and we are actually has-tening that day in that we have elevated exploitation to something of a cultural virtue.
{"title":"Environmental Stupidity","authors":"James F. Welles","doi":"10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000577","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship of America to its natural environment is parasitic if not suicidal. However, we have surprisingly few illusions about ourselves being anything but exploiters, as we simultaneously rape, strangle and poison our life support system. Eventually, such behavior will limit our development, and we are actually has-tening that day in that we have elevated exploitation to something of a cultural virtue.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73827259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-23DOI: 10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000576
James F. Welles
{"title":"Learning Stupidity","authors":"James F. Welles","doi":"10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/sbb.2020.04.000576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78754280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.20431/2455-2550.0502003
Altalhi Kgh
Background:The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is directly related to the quality of glucose controlindiabetic patient. Additionally diabetes is associated with increased mortality following acute myocardial infarction compared to general population.Objectives:To evaluate the association of HbA1c level and severity of CAD, and outcome of non-diabetic patient with STEMI In our hospital.Patients and methods:60 consecutive non diabetic patient with acute ST elevationmyocardial infarction were treated with thrombolytic therapy included in the present prospective study. Blood glucose and HbA1c level of all patients were measured within 3 hours ofadmission. Patient were divided in to 3 groups according to HbA1c level: with cut-off 6.5% as diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus according to (American diabetes association) group (1) 6.5% , group (2) 6.5 to 8.5% , group (3) 8.5% and above.In hospital .mortality and morbidities of acute STEMI were compared between groups.Result :The mean age was 63±15 year and mean body mass index was 26. 6±6 kg/m² , 24 patients (40%) had history of hypertension , 27 patients (45%) of dyslipidemia, 36 patients (60%) were smoker.We found 45 patients with HbA1c ≤ 6 5%, 5 patients with HbA1c 6.5 -8.5 %, 10 patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.5%.There was strong correlation between admission of HbA1c and admission glucose level (P< 0.001). Infarct size as measured by peak creatinin kinase, was not correlated with HbA1c level.Conclusion:HbA1c is an important risk marker in the absence of history of diabetes mellitus in patients with AMI . The optimal management in these patients may contribute in decrease hospital mortality.
{"title":"The Role of Hba1c in Severity and Mortality Rate of ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction for Hospitalized Libyan Non-Diabetic Patients","authors":"Altalhi Kgh","doi":"10.20431/2455-2550.0502003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2455-2550.0502003","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is directly related to the quality of glucose controlindiabetic patient. Additionally diabetes is associated with increased mortality following acute myocardial infarction compared to general population.Objectives:To evaluate the association of HbA1c level and severity of CAD, and outcome of non-diabetic patient with STEMI In our hospital.Patients and methods:60 consecutive non diabetic patient with acute ST elevationmyocardial infarction were treated with thrombolytic therapy included in the present prospective study. Blood glucose and HbA1c level of all patients were measured within 3 hours ofadmission. Patient were divided in to 3 groups according to HbA1c level: with cut-off 6.5% as diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus according to (American diabetes association) group (1) 6.5% , group (2) 6.5 to 8.5% , group (3) 8.5% and above.In hospital .mortality and morbidities of acute STEMI were compared between groups.Result :The mean age was 63±15 year and mean body mass index was 26. 6±6 kg/m² , 24 patients (40%) had history of hypertension , 27 patients (45%) of dyslipidemia, 36 patients (60%) were smoker.We found 45 patients with HbA1c ≤ 6 5%, 5 patients with HbA1c 6.5 -8.5 %, 10 patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.5%.There was strong correlation between admission of HbA1c and admission glucose level (P< 0.001). Infarct size as measured by peak creatinin kinase, was not correlated with HbA1c level.Conclusion:HbA1c is an important risk marker in the absence of history of diabetes mellitus in patients with AMI . The optimal management in these patients may contribute in decrease hospital mortality.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77677821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000571
Cusack Paul Te
Bioengineering & Biosciences Abstract I n this brief paper, we build upon other papers by this author that had two causes for schizophrenia. We combine the findings that point to Ferric Chloride and Cholera as the culprits as the underlying
{"title":"How Schizophrenia Could be Caused by Cholera & Ferric Chloride Disease","authors":"Cusack Paul Te","doi":"10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000571","url":null,"abstract":"Bioengineering & Biosciences Abstract I n this brief paper, we build upon other papers by this author that had two causes for schizophrenia. We combine the findings that point to Ferric Chloride and Cholera as the culprits as the underlying","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88066890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000572
Sana Noreen, A. Sá, Muhammad Imran, Syed Amir Gilani, Fasiha Ahsan, S. Sikander, A. Raza, Jawad Af
Around 16% of all newborn babies of the world which make a scientific number of 22 million were underweight. South Asia has the highest prevalence of underweight babies in the world, with one in four newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams [1]. Whereas, 12-25% of newborn babies are underweight in Pakistan [2,3]. Low birth weight is a significant predictor of prenatal mortality as well as morbidity [4]. Low birth weight increases the risk of diabetes, heart diseases and cancer [5]. Weight of the baby at birth is the outcome of maternal health and nutrition. Undernourishment within womb increases the chances of early death [6]. The survivors tend to have weak immune system and increased risk of disease. They have the probability to remain undernourished resulting in weak muscles and low mental abilities [7]. Therefore, it is inferred that maternal nutrition plays a major role in affecting the growth of fetus and birth outcomes. Studies have shown that insufficient consumption of important nutrients and less intake of energy during pregnancy will have detrimental health effects on adulthood [8]. Studies indicate that food taken during pregnancy has impending effects on Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Research Article
{"title":"Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Neonatal Birth Size","authors":"Sana Noreen, A. Sá, Muhammad Imran, Syed Amir Gilani, Fasiha Ahsan, S. Sikander, A. Raza, Jawad Af","doi":"10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000572","url":null,"abstract":"Around 16% of all newborn babies of the world which make a scientific number of 22 million were underweight. South Asia has the highest prevalence of underweight babies in the world, with one in four newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams [1]. Whereas, 12-25% of newborn babies are underweight in Pakistan [2,3]. Low birth weight is a significant predictor of prenatal mortality as well as morbidity [4]. Low birth weight increases the risk of diabetes, heart diseases and cancer [5]. Weight of the baby at birth is the outcome of maternal health and nutrition. Undernourishment within womb increases the chances of early death [6]. The survivors tend to have weak immune system and increased risk of disease. They have the probability to remain undernourished resulting in weak muscles and low mental abilities [7]. Therefore, it is inferred that maternal nutrition plays a major role in affecting the growth of fetus and birth outcomes. Studies have shown that insufficient consumption of important nutrients and less intake of energy during pregnancy will have detrimental health effects on adulthood [8]. Studies indicate that food taken during pregnancy has impending effects on Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Research Article","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85419130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-24DOI: 10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000570
James F. Welles
{"title":"Stupidity as Normal","authors":"James F. Welles","doi":"10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/sbb.2019.03.000570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91091152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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